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Unix Commands

The ls command is used to list directory contents. It displays by default the contents of the current directory, but can list other directories. It has many options to customize the output, including to control sorting, show different types of file information, and format the output in various ways like columns or across the screen.

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81 views

Unix Commands

The ls command is used to list directory contents. It displays by default the contents of the current directory, but can list other directories. It has many options to customize the output, including to control sorting, show different types of file information, and format the output in various ways like columns or across the screen.

Uploaded by

Manikandan Nair
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linux / Unix Command: ls

Command Library
NAME
ls - list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entrie
s alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all
do not hide entries starting with .
-A, --almost-all
do not list implied . and ..
--author
print the author of each file
-b, --escape
print octal escapes for nongraphic characters
--block-size=SIZE
use SIZE-byte blocks
-B, --ignore-backups
do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c
with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status inf
ormation) with -l: show ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime
-C
list entries by columns
--color[=WHEN]
control whether color is used to distinguish file types. WHEN may be `never', `a
lways', or `auto'
-d, --directory
list directory entries instead of contents
-D, --dired
generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
-f
do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst
-F, --classify
append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
--format=WORD
across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vert
ical -C
--full-time
like -l --time-style=full-iso
-g
like -l, but do not list owner
-G, --no-group
inhibit display of group information
-h, --human-readable
print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si
likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links on the command line
--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p)
-i, --inode
print index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN
do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k
like --block-size=1K
-l
use a long listing format
-L, --dereference
when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file
the link references rather than for the link itself
-m
fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-n, --numeric-uid-gid
like -l, but list numeric UIDs and GIDs
-N, --literal
print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters specially)
-o
like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --file-type
append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
-q, --hide-control-chars
print ? instead of non graphic characters
--show-control-chars
show non graphic characters as-is (default unless program is `ls' and output is
a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name
enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD
use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c,
escape
-r, --reverse
reverse order while sorting
-R, --recursive
list subdirectories recursively
-s, --size
print size of each file, in blocks
-S
sort by file size
--sort=WORD
extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t, version -v
status -c, time -t, atime -u, access -u, use -u
--time=WORD
show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or sta
tus; use specified time as sort key if --sort=time
--time-style=STYLE
show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies
to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if STYLE is prefixed with `posi
x-', STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
-t
sort by modification time
-T, --tabsize=COLS
assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-u
with -lt: sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access time and sort by n
ame otherwise: sort by access time
-U
do not sort; list entries in directory order
-v
sort by version
-w, --width=COLS
assume screen width instead of current value
-x
list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X
sort alphabetically by entry extension
-1
list one file per line
--help
display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit

LINK File in UNix


---------------------
http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs219/CourseNotes/Unix/commands-links.html

grep [0-9] sample


grep [w-z] sample
grep"^[123]" sample
grep"[^123]" sample
grep"[1-4]". temp
grep [a-e]$ temp
sort -d +0 sample
sort -n sample
sort -r sample
sort -u sample
sort -n +2 sample.dat -o sample1.dat
cut -c 2-10 temp - characters
cut -f 1-3 temp - fields
cut -d ' ' -f1,2 temp - consider space as the delimeter
cut -f 4- temp - from the 4th field
paste one two
paste -d ' ' one two
head -2 one - first 2 lines
tail -2 one - last 2 lines
tail +10 one - lines from 10th till end
wc -c one - character count
wc -w one - word count
wc -l one - line count
ls|wc -l - number of files in a directory
who|wl -l - number of users logged in
ls-l | more - displays 23 lines at a time
pg one two three - displays all the three files
*n - next file
*p - previous file
q or Q-quit
tee
sort employee|tee tmpfile|pg
cat one | tee welcome | sort
tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]" < one - uppercase
tr -d "w" < one will remove entirely the given character.
vi - editor

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