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Ship Stability

This document discusses ship stability and related concepts. It defines stability as a ship's ability to float without sinking due to gravitational forces being greater than buoyancy forces. It explains Archimedes' principle of buoyancy and introduces key terms like displacement, draft, reserve buoyancy, freeboard, center of gravity, center of buoyancy, and metacenter. It describes how the relationship between the center of gravity and metacenter determines whether a ship is stable, neutral, or unstable. Stability curves are introduced to plot righting arm versus angle of heel.

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Arjun Jacob
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671 views20 pages

Ship Stability

This document discusses ship stability and related concepts. It defines stability as a ship's ability to float without sinking due to gravitational forces being greater than buoyancy forces. It explains Archimedes' principle of buoyancy and introduces key terms like displacement, draft, reserve buoyancy, freeboard, center of gravity, center of buoyancy, and metacenter. It describes how the relationship between the center of gravity and metacenter determines whether a ship is stable, neutral, or unstable. Stability curves are introduced to plot righting arm versus angle of heel.

Uploaded by

Arjun Jacob
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ship Stability

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WHAT IS SHIP STABILITY ?
 The ability of the object or vessel to float
free on the water surface without sinking
and gravitational force acting on it is grater
than that of buoyancy force acting on it is
called stability of the ship.
Objectives

 Archimedes Principle

 Terminology of ship’s hydrostatics

 Metacenter, Center of Gravity, Center of Buoyancy,


couple etc.

 Stability curves
Archimedes Principle
 Law: A body floating or submerged in a
fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the
weight of the water it displaces
Archimedes Principle
 Ship sinks until weight of water displaced by
the underwater volume is less to the weight of
the ship.
 Forces of gravity: G = mshipg =Wship
 Forces of buoyancy: B = waterVdisplaced

Wship = waterVdisplaced
Archimedes Principle
 Forces act everywhere on ship -> too tough to
analyze
 Center of Gravity (G): all gravity forces as one
force acting downward through ship’s
geometric center
 Center of Buoyancy (B): all buoyancy forces
as one force acting upward through
underwater geometric center
Archimedes Principle
 Center of Gravity (G):
 Changes position only by change/shift in mass
of ship
 Does not change position with movement of
ship
 Center of Buoyancy (B):
 Changes positionG with movement of ship ->
underwater geometric center moves
 Also affected by displacement
Hydrostatics Terminology
 Displacement: total weight of ship = total
submerged volume of ship (measured in tons)
 Draft: vertical distance from waterline to keel
at deepest point (measured in feet)
 Reserve Buoyancy: volume of watertight
portion of ship above waterline (important
factor in ship’s ability to survive flooding)
 Freeboard: vertical distance from waterline to
main deck (rough indication of reserve
buoyancy)
Hydrostatics Terminology

 As draft & displacement increase, freeboard


and reserve buoyancy decrease
Moments
 Def’n: tendency of a force to produce rotation
or to move an object about an axis
 Distance between the force and axis of rotation is
the moment arm
 Couple: two forces of equal magnitude in
opposite and parallel directions, separated by a
perpendicular distance
 G and B are a couple
Moments
 Depending on location of G
and B, two types of moments:
 Righting moment: tends to
return ship to upright position
 Upsetting moment: tends to
overturn ship
 Magnitude of righting
moment:
 RM = W * GZ (ft-tons)
 GZ: moment arm (ft)
Metacenter
 Define as the intersection
of two successive lines of
action of the force of
buoyancy as ship heels
through small angles (M)
 If angle too large, M moves
off centerline
Metacentric height
 Ship’s Metacentric
height is define as
distance from center of
gravity (G) to the
metacenter is known as
the ship’s
METACENTRIC
HEIGHT(GM)
Metacenter
 Relationship between G and M
 G under M: ship is stable
 G = M: ship neutral

 G over M: ship unstable

STABLE UNSTABLE
Metacenter v. Stability Curves
 At this point, we could use lots of
trigonometry to determine exact values of
forces, etc for all angles -> too much work
 GM used as a measure of stability up to 7°,
after that values of GZ are plotted at
successive angles to create the stability
curve
Stability Curve
 Plot GZ (righting arm) vs. angle of heel

 When a series of values for GZ at successive


angles of heel are plotted on a graph which
result in STABILITY CURVE

 Ship’s G does not change as angle changes


 Ship’s B always at center of underwater portion of hull
 Ship’s underwater portion of hull changes as heel
angle changes
 GZ changes as angle changes
Stability Curve
Conclusion
 Ship stability normally refers to the ability of a
floating vessel to resists the overturning forces
encountered in the course of its operations.
Which is arise from weather, wind, waves etc.
 Stability calculations solves this forces and apply
them in a practical way to a mathematical model
of the ship so that the response of the vessel can
be examined for various magnitudes of
overturning.
Questions?

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