Anatomy & Physiology: For Health Professions: An Interactive Journey

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Anatomy &

Physiology
for Health Professions:
An Interactive Journey

Bruce J. Colbert
Jeff Ankney
Karen Lee

Chapter 1
Anatomy and Physiology:
Learning the Language

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Chapter 1
Anatomy and Physiology: Learning the Language
Multimedia Asset Directory
Slide 25 Medical Specialties Video
Slide 32 Vital Signs Video
Slide 46 Medical Assisting Video
Slide 47 Health Information Management Video
Slide 48 Medical Transcription Video

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Introduction
• Health professionals speak a foreign language
called Medical Terminology.
• This chapter will lay the foundation for learning
this new language.
• Future chapters will build upon the foundation
that begins here, so at journey’s end you will not
only understand anatomy and physiology, but be
fluent in the language.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives
• Understand the term “Anatomy and Physiology”
and its various related areas
• Relate the importance and purpose of medical
terminology to anatomy and physiology
• Construct and define medical terms using word
roots, prefixes, and suffixes
• Explain the concept and importance of
homeostasis
• Contrast the metabolic processes of anabolism
and catabolism

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Pronunciation Guide
Click on the megaphone icon before each item to hear the pronunciation.

Anabolism (ah NA bow lizm)


Anatomy (ah NA tom ee)
Catabolism (ka TA bow lizm)
Diagnosis (Dye ahg NOH siss)
Etiology (ee tee ALL oh jee)
Homeostasis (hoh mee oh STAY siss)
Macroscopic Anatomy (MAK roh scop ic ah NA tom ee)
Metabolism (me TA bow lizm)
Microscopic Anatomy (MY kroh scop ic ah NA tom ee)
Pathology (path ALL oh jee)
Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Pronunciation Guide (cont’d)
Click on the megaphone icon before each item to hear the pronunciation.

Physiology (fiz ee ALL oh jee)


Prognosis (prog NOH siss)
Syndrome (SIN drohm)

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Anatomy
• Anatomy is the study of the internal and external
structures of the human body.
• The human body is complex and amazing; to
truly understand it you must know how it is put
together.
• Anatomy is a Greek word meaning “to cut apart.”
• Specialties within the field of anatomy include
Microscopic Anatomy and Macroscopic (Gross)
Anatomy.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Microscopic Anatomy
• Specialized field of anatomy
• The study of structures that can only be seen
and studied with magnification aids such as a
microscope
 The study of cellular structures is called cytology.
 The study of tissue samples is called histology.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Macroscopic Anatomy
• Also called gross anatomy
• The study of the structures of the body visible to
the naked, or unaided, eye
• Examples include:
 The study of the skeletal system
 Looking at an X-ray (radiology)

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Physiology
• Focuses on the function and vital processes of
the various structures making up the human
body
• Closely related to anatomy because it is the
study of how an anatomical structure actually
functions
• Deals with all the vital processes of life and is
more complex, with more sub-specialties

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Subspecialties of Physiology
• Human physiology
• Animal physiology
• Cellular physiology
• Neurophysiology

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Putting It All Together
• Anatomy focuses on structures and how
something is put together.
• Physiology is the study of how these different
structures work together to make the body
function as a whole.
• The design of the structure is often related to its
function.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Putting It All Together (cont’d)
• Human anatomy and physiology forms the
foundation for all medical practice.
• Anything that upsets normal structure or function
can be called pathology or pathophysiology.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Figure 1-1 A. Normal red blood cells (RBCs) are flexible and donut shaped and move with
ease through blood vessels. B. The anatomical distortion of the structure of RBCs in sickle cell
anemia affects its normal function to carry oxygen. In addition, the sickle cells lose their ability
to bend and pass through the small blood vessels, thereby causing blockages to blood flow.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Medical Terminology
• The language of anatomy and physiology is
primarily based on medical terminology.
• Learning medical terminology is easier if you
understand the root terms, prefixes, and suffixes
that can be put together to form a large variety of
terms.
• Each medical term has a basic structure upon
which to build, called a word root.
• Prefixes and suffixes are added to root words
and can change or alter the meaning.
Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Figure 1-2 How prefixes and suffixes can be combined with a word root to form many
medical terms.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Table 1-1 Common Combining Terms

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Table 1-2 Common Prefixes

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Table 1-3 Common Suffixes

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Forming Medical Terms (cont’d)
• Learning Hint
• If a suffix begins with a vowel, drop the vowel in
the combining form.
• The medical definition indicates the last part of
the term first, especially when suffixes are used.
 Inflammation of the stomach is gastritis not itisgast
and one who studies the stomach is a gastrologist,
not an ologistgastro.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Forming Medical Terms
• When using prefixes, put the part in the order
you say the definition.
 Slow heart rate is bradycardia, not cardiabrady.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Common Medical
Abbreviations
• Extensively used in the medical profession
• Useful in simplifying long, complicated terms for
diseases, diagnostic procedures, and therapies
during charting
• You will learn more abbreviations with each
chapter

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Table 1-4 Common Medical Abbreviations

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Professionals who work in medical assisting must become very familiar with medical
terminology in their workplace.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Click here to view a video on the topic of Medical Specialties
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Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
The Metric System
• The metric system is the mathematical language
of anatomy and physiology.
• Two major systems of measurements are used
in the world today.
 The United States Customary System (USCS)
 Used in the US and Myanmar
 The Système International (SI)
 Used everywhere else, especially in healthcare and
pharmaceuticals companies
 Also known as the Metric System, based on the power of 10

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
The United States Customary
System (USCS)
• Based on the British Imperial System
• Different designations for length, weight, and
volume
 Volume in ounces, pints, quarts, gallons, pounds
 Distances in inches, feet, yards, and miles
 Weight in pounds, ounces, and tons
• Commonly called the English System
• Cumbersome to use because there is no
common base, with no relationship between
each unit
Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Language of Disease
• Things can go wrong with the human body.
• Disease is a condition in which the body fails to
function normally.
• The body works to make things function
smoothly and maintain a balance known as
homeostasis.
• Eating habits, smoking, inherited traits, trauma,
cancer, environmental factors, and aging can
alter this balance.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Signs and Symptoms of
Disease
• Signs are definitive, objective, obvious indicators
of an illness.
 Vital signs (temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood
pressure)
 Fever
 Cough

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Figure 1-3 Taking a pulse is vital to the proper measurement of blood pressure.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Signs and Symptoms of
Disease (cont’d)
• Symptoms are more subjective and difficult to
measure consistently.
 Pain – tolerance to pain varies in different people
• A set group of signs and symptoms that
commonly occur with a specific disease process
is called a syndrome.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
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Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Diagnosis
• Diagnosis translates from the Greek as “know
through or completely.”
• Discovering as many signs and symptoms as
possible can aid in making a diagnosis.
• History and results of diagnostic testing is also
required.
• Prognosis is the prediction of the outcome of a
disease.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Clinical Application:
Metabolic Syndrome or Syndrome X
• There is a disturbing new syndrome, affecting
nearly one quarter of the United States’ adult
population, known as Metabolic Syndrome or
Syndrome X.
• Individuals who exhibit this syndrome are at an
increased risk for a form of diabetes, heart
attack, and/or stroke.
• This syndrome is the result of poor diet and lack
of exercise.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Metabolic Syndrome or
Syndrome X
• People with this syndrome exhibit three of five
common conditions:
 High blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia)
 High blood pressure (hypertension)
 Abdominal obesity
 High triglycerides
 Low blood levels of HDL (good cholesterol)

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Amazing Facts:
Bizarre Signs and Symptoms
• There are some strange signs and symptoms
that are indications of disease. There are many
others that aren’t listed here.
 Generalized itching – Hodgkin’s disease
 Sweating at night – Tuberculosis
 A hunger for clay or starchy paste – Iron deficiency
 Fruity smelling breath – Diabetes
 Magenta colored tongue – Riboflavin deficiency

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Amazing Facts: Bizarre Signs and
Symptoms (cont’d)
• There are some strange signs and symptoms
that are indications of disease. There are many
others that aren’t listed here.
 Absence of moons on fingernails – Kidney disease
 Hairy tongue – Results from improper usage of
antibiotics
 Spoon shaped fingernails – Iron deficiency
 Brown linear streaks on fingernails - Melanoma

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Metabolism
• Metabolism refers to all of the chemical
operations going on within our bodies.
 Requires various nutrients
 Waste products are produced
 Includes all the life sustaining reactions within the
body

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Anabolism
• A subdivision of metabolism is anabolism.
• Anabolism is the process of simple compounds
being built up and then used to manufacture
materials for growth, reproduction, and repair.
• This is the building phase of metabolism.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Catabolism
• Catabolism is the process by which complex
substances are broken down into simpler
substances.
• Examples would include the breakdown of food
into simpler chemical building blocks for energy.
• An abnormal and extreme example of
catabolism is a starvation victim whose body will
“feed upon itself” by actually consuming the
body’s tissues.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Homeostasis
• Homeostasis is the physiologic process that
monitors and maintains a stable internal
environment or equilibrium.
• Survival depends on our ability to maintain
homeostasis.
• Homeostatic regulation refers to the adjustments
made in the human organism to maintain a
stable internal environment.
 The thermostat in your home is an example of a
homeostatic control in your home.
Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Negative Feedback Loop
• A continuous feedback loop to determine what
required action is needed
• If the feedback opposes the stimulus, it is a
negative feedback loop
• The hypothalamus in the brain uses a negative
feedback loop to control body temperature and
maintain homeostasis.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Positive Feedback
• Positive feedback increases the magnitude of a
change versus resisting change.
• This kind of a process is also known as a vicious
cycle.
• This is not a way to regulate your body because
it increases a change away from a set point.
• Often harmful if the cycle cannot be broken.
• An example is the recurrent contraction of the
uterus during childbirth.
Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Figure 1-4 The homeostatic control of normal body temperature (37°C or 98.6°F).

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Clinical Application:
A “Breaking” Fever
• Fevers are believed to be a way for the body to
make an inhospitable environment for a
pathogen. Sweating is often said to be a sign
that the fever is “breaking.” A fever sets the
hypothalamus to a higher temperature. The body
increases metabolism to create more heat.
When the cause is resolved, the hypothalamus
returns the temperature set point to normal. To
quickly reduce temperature, sweating uses
evaporation to cool the skin off.
Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Click here to view a video on the topic of Medical Assisting.
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Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
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Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
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Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Snapshots from the Journey
• Anatomy – study of the internal and external
structures of the body
• Physiology – study of how structures normally
function
• Pathology – study of disease
• Medical terminology – language of medicine
combining root words, prefixes, and suffixes
• Metric system – mathematical language of
medicine based on the power of ten
Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Snapshots from the Journey
(cont’d)
• Metabolism – all the chemical operations going
on within the body; anabolism (building up) and
catabolism (breaking down) are the two primary
processes of metabolism.
• Homeostasis – the body’s attempt to maintain a
balanced, or stable, environment
• Negative feedback loop – constant monitoring
and changing of the body’s environment to
maintain homeostasis

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Case Study
• A 66-year-old Asian male involved in a vehicular
accident is taken to the ICU with SOB and
abdominal pain. He has acrocyanosis,
tachycardia, and a past medical history of
cardiopathy. He weighs 150 pounds and is 5
feet 6 inches tall. His chest X-ray shows an
enlarged heart. His facial injuries will require
future rhinoplastic surgery. An
electrocardiogram and lower GI series is
ordered.
Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.
Case Study Questions
• Where exactly in the hospital was the patient
taken?
• Describe the patient’s color, heart rate, and
breathing.
• What is the medical term for what the X-ray
showed?
• What future facial surgery will be needed?

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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End of Chapter
Review Questions
1. Which of the following is an example of
microscopic anatomy?
a. Viewing an x-ray
b. Examining the shape of an organ during an autopsy
c. Classifying a type of bacterial cell
d. Watching how the pupils react to light

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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End of Chapter
Review Questions
2. Acromegaly means which of the following:
a. A large stomach
b. Enlarged extremities
c. An inflamed stomach lining
d. A large acrobat

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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End of Chapter
Review Questions
3. The breakdown of sugar in the body for energy is
called:
a. Anabolism
b. Catabolism
c. Dogabolism
d. Hyperbolism

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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End of Chapter
Review Questions
4. Which of the following is a measurement system
based on the power of 10?
a. English System
b. British Imperial System
c. Metric System
d. Weights and Measures System

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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End of Chapter
Review Questions
5. The cause of a disease is referred to as the:
a. Prognosis
b. Diagnosis
c. Pathology
d. Etiology

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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End of Chapter
Review Questions
6. Ted’s knee injury occurred at last night’s
football game. Today his doctor wants to make
a small incision and use a device to “look
around the joint” to assess the damage. What
is the term for this device?____________
7. __________ is the study of the structures of the
body, and _____________ is the study of the
function of these structures.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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End of Chapter
Review Questions
8. For years Ali never learned to swim because of
her unnatural fear of the water, which is called
_______________.
9. Pulse and temperature represent two
____________ signs of the body.
10. Raheem had blood work done that showed a
normal number of white blood cells (WBC’s)
and red blood cells (RBC’s). What are the
respective medical terms for these cell types?

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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End of Chapter
Review Questions
1. Explain the difference between diagnosis and
prognosis.
2. Knowing that difficulty swallowing is called
dysphagia, what do you think the function of a
phagocyte is?
3. Contrast negative and positive feedback loops.
4. Describe one example of homeostasis in your
body.

Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
An Interactive Journey, 1e Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bruce J. Colbert, Jeff Ankney, and Karen Lee All rights reserved.

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