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Solution Manuals Introduction To Real Analysis (Bartle and Sherbert)

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Solution Manuals Introduction To Real Analysis (Bartle and Sherbert)

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Sanjeev Shukla
90K views5 pages
These notes cantain only few solved question of bartle and sherbert book i'll upload all solutions very soon.....

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solution manuals introduction to real analysis( Bartle and Sherbert)

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These notes cantain only few solved question of bartle and sherbert book i'll upload all solutions very soon.....

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90K views5 pages

Solution Manuals Introduction To Real Analysis (Bartle and Sherbert)

Uploaded by

Sanjeev Shukla
These notes cantain only few solved question of bartle and sherbert book i'll upload all solutions very soon.....

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You are on page 1/ 5

SOLUTION CHAPTER 2.

2
INTRODUCTION TO REAL ANALYSIS
BARTLE AND SHERBERT

Definition-: (Absolute value )

Absolute value of a real number ‘a’ is denoted by │a│ and is


defined as

-a if a≤ 0
│a│=
a if a ≥ 0
there are few properties of absolute value which can be proved
very easily here I’ll just write them I won’t prove them you can ask
me if you are not able to prove them you can mail me
[email protected]

Property 1 Property 3

│a│= max{ a, -a} sqr(│a│) = sqr(a)=sqr(-a)

Property 2 Property 4

│a+ b│ ≤ │a│ + │b│ │a│ = │-a│

Now we have some basic idea about absolute value, we can now
solve the questions….
Geometrical meaning of│a│-:
│a│ is distance of real number ‘a’ from 0.

And │a- b│ is distance between ‘a’ and ‘b’

Q1(a)-: To show that │a│ =√ sqr(a)

Proof-:
Case 1 when a ≥ 0 we have on the L H S │a│= a
 sqr( │a│) = sqr(a)

 │a│ = √ sqr(a) (taking square root)


Case 2 a≤ 0 in that case we have │a│= -a
 sqr( │a│) = sqr(-a) = sqr(a)

 │a│ = √ sqr(a) (taking square root)

Q1(b)-:
│a/b│=│a│/│b│

Sqr (│a/b│) = sqr(a/b)

= sqr(a)/sqr(b)

= sqr( │a│)/ sqr( │b│)

= sqr(│a│/│b│)

=> │a/b│ = │a│/│b│ (taking +ve square root)

Q2 -:
│a+ b│ = │a│ + │b│ Iff ab ≥ 0

Proof-:

First let us assume that │a+ b│ = │a│ + │b│

To show that-: ab ≥ 0
As │a+ b│ = │a│ + │b│

 sqr(│a+ b│) = sqr(│a│ + │b│)

 sqr(a+b) = sqr(│a│) + sqr(│b│) +2│a││b│

 sqr(a)+sqr(b)+2ab= sqr(a)+sqr(b)+2│ab│

using facts that │a││b│=│ab│

and sqr(│a│) = sqr(a)

now using cancelation laws we have that


2ab=2│ab│
 ab=│ab│
 ab ≥ 0

conversely assume that ab ≥ 0

to show that -: │a+ b│ = │a│ + │b│

consider L H S

We have sqr(│a+ b│)=sqr(a+b)=sqr(a)+sqr(b)+2ab


( as sqr(│a│) = sqr(a) )

=> sqr(│a+ b│)=sqr(│a│)+sqr(│b│)+2│ab│

( as ab ≥ 0 therefore ab=│ab│)
=> sqr((│a+ b│)= sqr(│a│)+sqr(│b│)+2│a││b│

 sqr(│a+ b│)= sqr(│a│ + │b│)

 │a+ b│ = │a│ + │b│

(Taking +ve square root)

Q3 Given x,y,z in R with x≤ z, show that │x-y│+│y-z│=│x-z│iff


x≤ y≤ z

proof-:

firstly assume that x≤ y≤ z

to show that -: │x-y│+│y-z│=│x-z│

consider L H S

We have │x-y│= -x+y ( becoz x≤ y => │x-y│= -( x-y) )

Also │y-z│= -y+z ( becoz y≤ z =>│y-z│= -(y-z))

Therefore │x-y│+│y-z│= -x+y -y+z = z- x = │z-x│ (“ ,“ x≤ z)

=> │x-y│+│y-z│=│x-z│ (“ ,“ │a│ = │-a│)


Conversely assume that -:│x-y│+│y-z│=│x-z│……………(1)

To show that -: x≤ y≤ z

Now we have following possibilities

Case1 x-y ≤ 0 and y-z ≤ 0

Then L H S of (1) becomes -x+y -y+z = z-x = │x-z│= R H S of (1)

Therefore x-y ≤ 0 and y-z ≤ 0 is true => x ≤ y ≤ z


Now we’ll claim no other possibility is there.

Case2 x-y ≤ 0 and y-z ≥0

Then L H S of (1) becomes -x+y+y-z = 2y -x- z which is not equal


to R H S of (1)
Therefore this case is not possible

Similarlly you can check that other two cases are not possible too.

Q4 show that │x-a│<b <=> a-b < x < a+b

Proof-:

│x-a│<b <=>max{ -x+a , x-a}< b


<=> -x+a < b and x-a < b
<=> x> a – b and x < a+b
<=> a-b < x < a+b

SOLUTIONS PREPARED BY

SANJEEV KUMAR SHUKLA


MSc Mathematics(Delhi university)
Contact number-9718445143

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