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Types of Communication System

Types of communication systems include simplex, duplex, half duplex, and full duplex. Basic components of a communication system are the transmitter, transmission medium, and receiver. Common transmission media are two-wire line, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, microwave, and satellite communication. Information can be analog or digital. Modulation involves modulating and carrier signals. Demodulation reproduces the original signal. Analog modulation varies amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier signal while digital modulation converts analog to digital signals using techniques like PAM and PCM.

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5K views

Types of Communication System

Types of communication systems include simplex, duplex, half duplex, and full duplex. Basic components of a communication system are the transmitter, transmission medium, and receiver. Common transmission media are two-wire line, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, microwave, and satellite communication. Information can be analog or digital. Modulation involves modulating and carrier signals. Demodulation reproduces the original signal. Analog modulation varies amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier signal while digital modulation converts analog to digital signals using techniques like PAM and PCM.

Uploaded by

ka_mil3
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Communication

System
Simplex

-One party can only send information and the other party can only receive the
information.

Duplex

-In a duplex communication system,two-system communication is possible


between the transmitter and receiver.A duplex system can be categorized in two
types.Half duplex (HD) and full duplex (FD)

HD FD

-two way communication -two way communication system which


system,signals can only be transmitted can transmit and receive signal
and receiver alternally simultaneously
Basic Components of
Communication System
Transmitter

-The transmitter receives the and must either be analogue and digital
information.The original information to be transmitted must either be compatible
with the medium of transmission or it must be first converted the appropriate
form.

Medium

-The transmission medium links the transmitter and receiver.The function of the
transmission medium is to propagate the signals.Howeve, during propagation,
there are possibilities og disturbance attenuation distortion and noise

Receiver

-The receiver will demodulate the receiver signals.In order to do this,the receiver
station must first be tuned to the transmitted frequency.The signals received are
then channeled to the demolutor which outputs the original information.
Transmission Media
Two Wire Line

-The two wire line commonly used in the telephone lines. It consists of two
parallel insulated wires that are twisted together and insulated with different
coloured plastics insulator.The reason for twisting the wires together is to
decrease the cross line interference

Coaxial Cable

-In communication specially the ratio communication system is the coaxial


cable.The advantage of using this cable are its bandwitch and rabutness

Compared to twisted pair cable.


Fibre Optic Cable

-Fibre optics cable is another medium that is highly in demand in the field of
communication.Yhe cost of this cable is lower and fibre optic offer wider
bandwidth of about 5GHZ.Fibre optics is durable, immune to noise and has
extremely small attenuations

Microwave

-Microwave are transmission frequencies that are usually transmitted through


air.The signal is form an antenna which acts as a transmitted media.Microwave
propagation is base on line-of-sight communication or straight line
communication.The transmitting antenna and the referring antenna must be
located base on point to point communication.In reference ,the transmitting
antena and the recerving antenna are connected by using the repeaters. To avoid
signal attention,due to the distance between P and R repeater Q is
necessary.Repeater R is neede because the signal need to cross the mountain.
Satellite Communication

-Satellite communication is similar to microwave propagation .The earth


transmitter station will transmit modulated signals using the uplink frequencies
that have been allocated .The received frequencies are then converted to
downlink frequencies and are sent to the earth receiver station.
Information
Analogue Information

-Analog information may have any value within the amplitudes,frequency and
prase range .The physicals quantity being measured may be of any value and
values depending on what is measured

Digital Information

-At any instant in time, digital signals are allowed to have one predefined value
from a set of value such as +1 +2 +3 +4 and in binary from 0V and 5V

3
Column2

Example data from computer


Propagation

-Propagation distance is the maximum distance travelled by the signals.

Multiplexing

-Multiplexing is a sharing technique that allows one or more signal to be


transmitted by serve stations through a signal channel.

(a)Modulating Signal

-Modulating signal is the original information signal that transmitted by a


communication system.

(b)Carrier Signal
-Carrier signal is the signal that carries the modulating signal over long distances.

v
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
v
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5

Example carrier signal

(c)Modulation

-Modulation is the process of varying the carries signal according to the


modulating signal. A modulator needs two kinds of input signals-the carries and
the modulating signal.

(d)Modulate signal
-The out put of a modulation process is the modulate signal which is then
transmitted to the receiver.

(e)Demodulation

-Demodulation is the process of repreducing the original from the modulated


signal.

(f)Sidebands

-Sidebands are frequencies produced as a result of the modulation process.

(g)Bandwidth (BW)

-Bandwidth is range of modulated frequencies that consist of the carrier signal


and sidebands.

(h)Repeater

-A repeater receiver weak signal, amplifies and retransmits these signals.


ANALOGUE MODULATION

-Analogue modulation is a process of changing one of the characteristic of the


electromotive signals that is either amplitude ,frequency are phase so that it
synchronizes with the modulating signal.

Amplitude Modulation (AM) Frequency Modulation (FM)


-Amplitude modulation is a process of -Frequency modulation is the process of
varying the carrier amplitude by the varying the frequency of the carrier
modulating signal without changing the signal in synchronize with the carrier
carrier frequency frequency and phase. signal in synchronize with the variations
of the modulating signal.
Digital Modulation

-Digital modulation involves the conversion of analogue to digital signals.

Technique Characteristic
PAM The pulse amplitudes varies with
analogue signals amplitude.
PCM The analogue signal is sampled
,quantized and encoded to produced a
train of outputs bits.
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)

-Pulse Amplitude modulation involves the conversion of analogue signal to digital


signals in the form of pulse.
TgSfyw
z.Q
u
q
ti
Esxm
th
lvco
ed
arp
in
b
Pulls Code Modulation (PCM)

-Pulls code modulation is a technique of converting analoque signals.The pan


process consists of sampling , quantization and encoding.
The performance of the digital signal is much better compared to the
performance is the analogue signal.This is due to immunity of the digital signal to
noise. Noise affects the amplitude of the analogue signal in the transmission line.
ADVANTAGE DISANVANTAGE
1.Narrow bandwidth. 1.Easily affected by noise
2.Simple and low cost circuit 2.A carrier is needed during
transmission.
3.Difficult to improve the signal
quantity.
ANALOGUE SIGNAL

DIGITAL SIGNAL

ADVANTAGES DISANVANTAGE
1.Imunity to noise 1.Wider bandwidth
2.High speed 2.Need precise synchronization

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