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Coxsackie Virus: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

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Suhazeli Abdullah

Coxsackie virus is an enterovirus that causes several diseases affecting children under 10 years old, including hand, foot, and mouth disease. It is transmitted through fecal matter and causes blistering rashes on the hands, feet, mouth and throat. While usually mild and self-limiting, it can occasionally cause complications affecting the heart, brain or lungs. Prevention focuses on good hygiene like handwashing and disinfecting surfaces. There is no vaccine available.

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Coxsackie Virus: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

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Suhazeli Abdullah
107 views36 pages
Coxsackie virus is an enterovirus that causes several diseases affecting children under 10 years old, including hand, foot, and mouth disease. It is transmitted through fecal matter and causes blistering rashes on the hands, feet, mouth and throat. While usually mild and self-limiting, it can occasionally cause complications affecting the heart, brain or lungs. Prevention focuses on good hygiene like handwashing and disinfecting surfaces. There is no vaccine available.

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Coxsackie Virus

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Coxsackie virus is an enterovirus that causes several diseases affecting children under 10 years old, including hand, foot, and mouth disease. It is transmitted through fecal matter and causes blistering rashes on the hands, feet, mouth and throat. While usually mild and self-limiting, it can occasionally cause complications affecting the heart, brain or lungs. Prevention focuses on good hygiene like handwashing and disinfecting surfaces. There is no vaccine available.

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107 views36 pages

Coxsackie Virus: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

Uploaded by

Suhazeli Abdullah
Coxsackie virus is an enterovirus that causes several diseases affecting children under 10 years old, including hand, foot, and mouth disease. It is transmitted through fecal matter and causes blistering rashes on the hands, feet, mouth and throat. While usually mild and self-limiting, it can occasionally cause complications affecting the heart, brain or lungs. Prevention focuses on good hygiene like handwashing and disinfecting surfaces. There is no vaccine available.

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Coxsackie Virus

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

Dr Suhazeli bin Abdullah


FMS KK Permaisuri

By: Brooke Diller


News
What To Expect

• Prevention
What is Coxsackie?
• When was itand
Incubation discovered?
Duration time
• Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
• Facts
Complications
• Contagiousness
Types of Coxsackie
What is Coxsackie Virus?

• Any of a group of enteroviruses that are


associated with a variety of diseases,
including meningitis, myocarditis, and
pericarditis, and primarily affect children
during the summer months.
• It most often occurs in children under 10
years old
What causes HFMD?

•  coxsackie virus A16, enterovirus 71


(EV71) and other enteroviruses.
• The enterovirus group includes
polioviruses, coxsackieviruses,
echoviruses and other enteroviruses.
When Was Coxsackie
Discovered?
• Discovered in
Coxsackie, New
York
• First investigated
in 1948
• Found in town of
close to 9,000
people (2000
census)
When Was Coxsackie
Discovered?
• enterovirus EV71
have been reported
in Malaysia in 1997
and in Taiwan in
1998.
• HFMD is endemic in
Malaysia and
occurs every year.
What Are Signs and
Symptoms?
• Abdominal
About half the
discomfort
time there are NO
• symptoms
Nausea
• Sudden high
Sore throat fevers (38 to 40 0
C)
• Sore muscles
More Signs and Symptoms

• Can cause several different patterns


of symptoms that affect different
body parts
– Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
– Herpangina
– Pleurodynia
– Hemorrhagic
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

• Type of Coxsackie
Virus syndrome
• Causes painful red
blisters on:
– Throat
– Tongue
– Gums
– Cheeks
– Palms of hands
– Soles of Feet
Herpangina

• Infection of the
Throat
• Causes red-ringed
blisters
• Cause ulcers on the
tonsils
• Causes ulcers on
the roof of mouth
and tongue
Pleurodynia

• Also called
Bornholm disease
• Causes painful
spasms in the
muscles of the
chest and upper
abdomen
• Males: may have
pain in the testicles
Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
• Infection that
affects the whites
of eyes
• Starts as eye pain
• Followed by red,
watery eyes
• Causes eye
swelling and light
sensitivity
• Blurry vision may
occur
Epidemiologic and Virologic Investigation of Hand,
Foot, and Mouth Disease, Southern Vietnam, 2005
Epidemiologic and Virologic Investigation of Hand,
Foot, and Mouth Disease, Southern Vietnam, 2005
Can There Be More Than One
Type Of Coxsackie?
• There are two types of Coxsackie Virus
– Type A and Type B
• Type A
– Causes herpangina and hand, foot, and mouth
disease
• Type B
– Causes Pluerodynia
• Both
– Causes meningitis, myocarditis and
pericarditis, also can cause juvenile diabetes
What Are Some Facts About
This Virus?
• Can also cause meningitis (which is can
become fatal)
• Can cause encephalitis (infection of the
brain)
• Can cause myocarditis (infection of the
heart muscle)
• Can cause hepatitis
• Can cause Cyanosis
– Turns your skin, lips, and nails a bluish color
– Lack of oxygen
Is Coxsackie Contagious?

• VERY contagious
• Passed on by:
– Unwashed
hands
– Surfaced
contaminated
by feces
– Sneezes or
coughs
What is The Incubation and
Duration Time?
• Incubation time:
– 2-10 days
• (time between becoming infected
and onset symptoms)
• Duration time:
– Varies depending upon type
– Fevers usually last 3 to 4 days
Does Coxsackie Cause Death?

• In most cases NO
– Most of the time when death occurs
the virus has cause another illness

• Treatment
– Medications may be prescribed to
make the child feel more comfortable
– Viruses cannot be treated with
antibiotics
Complications
• Child may
become
dehydrated
– Causes by
mouth sores
(makes it hard
to eat and
drink)
– IV fluids may be
necessary
Criteria for Admission
• When the child is unable to tolerate oral feeds
and there is a need for
• intravenous hydration;
• When the child is clinically very ill or toxic-looking
• When some other more serious disease cannot be
excluded
• When there is persistent hyperpyrexia (e.g
>38ºC) for >48 hours;
• When there is a suspicion of neurological
complications,
– e.g increased lethargy, myoclonus, increased
drowsiness, change in sensorium and/or seizures;
Criteria for Admission

• When there is a suspicion of cardiac


complications (myocarditis),
– e.g low blood pressure, low pulse volume, heart rhythm
abnormalities, murmurs, gallop rhythm,
displaced apex beat;
• When parents are unable to cope with
child’s illness; and
• When there is inadequate family or social
support in looking after the child at home
Clinical Specimen Collection,
Handling And Transportation
Flow of Information Management
Management of Outbreak /
Sporadic Case
• Case investigation is required
– every notified HFMD case that fulfilled
any one of the criteria below:
• i. case is admitted to hospital
• ii. case died.
• iii. case aged 6 years and below and goes to
any pre-schools or nurseries.
– every case with positive EV71 laboratory
result.
Investigation of Outbreak /
Sporadic Case
• Particulars of the person affected
• Clinical signs and symptoms with date of onset and elicit
possible complications.
• Duration of illness
• Type of treatment sought, including details of
hospitalization and reason for admission
• History of travel especially to outbreak area in the past two
weeks
• Contacts with similar illness in an institution (child care
centre or kindergarten), family or neighborhood where
relevant.
• If newborn, antenatal history including maternal history of
febrile illness, mode of delivery
Can You Prevent Coxsackie?

• No vaccine

• Toys should be
sterilized regularly

• Wash hands
– Particularly
after using the
toilet
Prevention: HMFD in childcare facilities

• There is no specific recommendation


regarding the exclusion of child from
school.
• 2 or more cases detected within a
period of 7 days – Closed for 10-14
days
Prevention: HMFD in childcare facilities

• During an outbreak, everyone is


advised
– To always practice good hand
washing technique and good
personal hygiene,
– Thoroughly wash and disinfect
contaminated items and surfaces
using diluted solution of chlorine-
containing bleach (10%
concentration).
Prevention: HMFD in childcare facilities

• Daily examination of children for


HFMD; if positive, call parents to
bring child home and don’t bring
child back to childcare center till
recover.
• Disinfect premises
• Proper hand washing demo to
children
INFORMATION FOR PARENTS

• good hygienic practices


– Frequent hand washing, especially after
diaper changes, after using toilet and
before preparing food
– Maintain cleanliness of house, child care
center, kindergartens or schools and its
surrounding,    
INFORMATION FOR PARENTS

• Cleaning of contaminated surfaces and


soiled items with soap and water, and then
disinfecting them with diluted solution of
chlorine-containing bleach (10%
concentration),    
• Parents are advised not to bring young
children to crowded public places such as
shopping centers, cinemas, swimming
pools, markets or bus stations,    
INFORMATION FOR PARENTS

• Bring children to the nearest clinic if they


show signs and symptoms. Refrain from
sending them to child care centers,
kindergartens or schools.
• Avoidance of close contact (kissing,
hugging, sharing utensils, etc.) with
children having HFMD illness to reduce of
the risk of infection
Sources

• http://kidshealth.org/parent/infecti
ons/bacterial_viral/coxsackie.html
• http://www.medicinenet.com/coxsa
ckie_virus/article.htm
• http://www.askdrsears.com/html/8
/T082600.asp

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