Scribd
Upload
603 views2 pages

Chemical Arithmetic of Solutions

The document discusses various methods of expressing the concentration of solutions: 1) Percentage by mass or volume which expresses the amount of solute relative to the total mass or volume of the solution. 2) Molarity which expresses the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. 3) Molality which expresses the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. It also covers normality, mole fraction, and parts per million/billion which provide other ways to quantify the concentration of components in a solution.

Uploaded by

Carlo Joseph Moskito
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC or read online on Scribd
603 views2 pages

Chemical Arithmetic of Solutions

The document discusses various methods of expressing the concentration of solutions: 1) Percentage by mass or volume which expresses the amount of solute relative to the total mass or volume of the solution. 2) Molarity which expresses the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. 3) Molality which expresses the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. It also covers normality, mole fraction, and parts per million/billion which provide other ways to quantify the concentration of components in a solution.

Uploaded by

Carlo Joseph Moskito
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Chemistry

Fourth Grading Period

Chemical Arithmetic of Solutions


(Ways of expressing Concentrations)
I. Percentage by Mass

Mass Mass of solute


% = x 100%
Mass Mass of Solution
where: mass of solution = mass of solute + mass of solvent

II. Percentage by Volume

Volume Volume of solute


% = x 100%
Volume Volume of Solution

III. Percentage by Mass/Volume

Mass Mass of solute


% = x 100%
Volume Volume of Solution

IV. Molarity

No. of moles of solute


M =
Liters of Solution
where:
Mass in grams
No. of moles =
Molecular weight
Therefore:

V. Molality

No. of moles of solute


m =
Kilogram of solvent
where:
Mass in grams
No. of moles =
Molecular weight
Therefore:

VI. Normality

No. of equivalents of solute


N =
Liters of solution
where:
No. of Mass in grams
=
equivalents Equivalent weight
where:
Equivalent Molecular weight
=
Weight No. of Replaceable

Therefore:

VII. Mole Fraction

Mole Fraction No. of moles of solute


solute =
No. of moles of solute + No. of moles of solvent

where:
Mass in grams
No. of moles =
Molecular weight

Therefore

Mole Fraction No. of moles of solvent


solvent =
No. of moles of solute + No. of moles of solvent

where:
Mass in grams
No. of moles =
Molecular weight

Therefore

VIII. Parts per Million/ Parts per Billion

Amount of solute
PPm = x 106
Amount of solution

Amount of solute
PPb = x 109
Amount of solution

You might also like