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‫ﺭﺿﺎ ﺷﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺭﺿﺎ‬
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‫ﻫﻤﺴﺮﺍﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺴﺮ‬

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‫ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺩﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٢٥٦‬ﻫﺠﺮﻯ ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻻﺷﺖ ﺳﻮﺍﺩﻛﻮﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻌﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮓ ﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻥ ﭘﺪﺭ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﻮﺍﺑﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﻓﻮﺝ ﺳﻮﺍﺩﻛﻮﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﻥ ﭘﺪﺭﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻭﻯ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫‪ ١٨٥٦‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻌﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﻥ ﭘﺪﺭ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﭘﻨﺠﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﭘﺪﺭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺵ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻦ )ﺳﻜﻴﻨﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻫﺮﺍ( ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﺵ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮒ ﺷﻮﻫﺮﺵ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻌﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺵ ﻃﻔﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺶ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﺰﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﺰﺩ ﻭﻯ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺵ ﻧﻮﺵ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺗﻨﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ” ﺣﺪﻳﻜﺠﺎﻥ ﺁﺗﺎﺑﺎﻯ“ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺎﺩﻯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﻭﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺧﺘﺮﺩﺍﻳﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﻳﻢ )ﺻﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺟﻤﺎﻩ(‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ‪ ٩‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺯﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺧﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻫﻤﺪﻡ )ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺪﻡﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﻪ ﻣﻠﻘﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ )ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ( ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﻫﻤﺴﺮﺵ )ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ( ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ ” :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻰﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﺿﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻦ ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻻ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻰ ﻳﺎﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺧﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺥ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ ” :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺧﺘﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻢ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﺣ ﹰﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺗﺮﻳﺎﺩ ﻫﻤﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻥ ﻫﻤﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺻﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺧﺘﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻥ )ﺻﻔﻴﻪ( ﺭﺍ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﻧﺪﻳﺪﻡ‪ “.‬ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺪﻡﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺩﻯ )ﺣﺪﻳﻜﺠﺎﻥ( ﺁﺗﺎﺑﺎﻯ )ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﭘﺪﺭﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ( ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺁﺗﺎﺑﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ” ﻣﻴﺮﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﻴﻤﻮﺭﺧﺎﻥ ﺁﻳﺮﻣﻠﻮ“ ﺍﻓﺴﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﻗﻔﻘﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻠﺸﻮﻳﻜﻰ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٢٩٤‬ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻳﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬
‫)ﺳﺮﮔﺮﺩﻯ( ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻬﺎﻯ ﺷﻤﺲ )‪١٢٩٦‬ﺵ(‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺮﻑ )‪١٢٩٨‬ﺵ( ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ‬
‫)‪١٣٠١‬ﺵ( ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﺕ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻼﻣﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻫﻢ ﺳﻦ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﺴﺮ ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﺘﻨﻔﺬ ﻗﻮﺍﻡﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﻏﻼﻣﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺝ ﺗﺮﻗﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺯﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻯ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٢٠‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﺩﺧﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻘﺸﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﻓﺮﻭﮔﺬﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻰﻛﺮﺩ‪ ” .‬ﺍﺭﻧﺴﺖ ﺁﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻧﻰ“ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٧٦‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻰ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ” ﻧﺨﺒﮕﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ“ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪ ” :‬ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﻃﺌﻪﺍﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺵ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻯ ﻭﻯ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﺑﻨﺸﺎﻧﺪ‪) “.‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٣٣‬ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻧﺤﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻮﻙ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻰ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٠٠‬ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻭﻯ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫)ﻗﻤﺮﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ( ﺩﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺧﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﻪ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻩ ﻣﻬﺪﻳﻘﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﻤﺴﺮﺍﻧﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺎﺩﺗﻬﺎﻯ ﺯﻧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻰ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺭﺍﻩ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ ” :‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﺯﻧﻰ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﻫﻮﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺩﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻮﺭ ﺣﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﻧﻜﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺯﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﻭ ﺧﻮﺷﻢ ﻧﻤﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻢ ﻭ ﻧﺎﮔﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﻫﺮﻡ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﺎﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺧﺘﺮ )ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ( ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻧﺨﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺳﺮ ﭘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻟﻰ ﻭ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ )‪١٣٠٢‬ﺵ( ﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻯ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺮﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﺪﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺿﺎ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻥ ﺧﻮﺩﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺵ‪ “.‬ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻃﻼﻕ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ” :‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺭﺵ )ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ( ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﭽﺎﺭﮔﻰ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻼﻳﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺩ‪“.‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٠٢‬ﺷﻤﺴﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٢٢‬ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﻧﻜﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﮔﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺛﺮﻭﺗﻤﻨﺪﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺫﺑﻴﺢﺍﷲ ﻣﻠﻜﭙﻮﺭ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﮒ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺵ ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻯ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﻣﺪﺗﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪١٣٧٣‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻧﻰ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻣﻰ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻟﺸﻜﺮ‬
‫ﺧﺪﺍﻳﺎﺭﺧﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﺍﻳﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺼﻤﺖﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺸﺎﻫﻰ ﺩﺧﺘﺮ ﻏﻼﻣﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍ ﻣﺠﻠﻞﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺸﺎﻫﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻯ ﻭﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺼﻤﺖﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٠٢‬ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺎﺟﮕﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،١٣٠٥‬ﺳﻪ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻬﺎﻯ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ )‪١٣٠٣‬ﺵ(‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ )‪١٣٠٤‬ﺵ( ﻭ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩﺭﺿﺎ )‪١٣٠٥‬ﺵ( ﻭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﻭ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﻬﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ )‪١٣٠٧‬ﺵ( ﻭ ﺣﻤﻴﺪﺭﺿﺎ )‪١٣١٤‬ﺵ( ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺼﻤﺖﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺸﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﺲ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻧﺸﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﻤﺎﺭﺩﻥ ﺍﻗﻮﺍﻡ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻯ ﭘﺮ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮒ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﻼﻯ ﺷﺨﺼﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٧٤‬ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻦ ‪ ٩٠‬ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻰ ﺩﺭﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺂﺧﺬ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﭘﻬﻠﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻻﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺭﻭﻥ‪.١٣٨٣ ،‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺩﻟﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭ‪ .‬ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﭘﺮ ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﮔﻠﻔﺎﻡ‪.١٣٧٠ ،‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺭﺳﺘﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻫﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ .١٣٧٨ ،‬ﺝ ‪.١‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‪ .‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻦ‪.١٣٨٢ ،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‬
‫)ﻫﻤﺪﻡﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﻪ( ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﺴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ ﻭﻯ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﭼﭗ‪ :‬ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ )ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻧﻰ(‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺪﻡﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﻪ )ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﺻﻔﻴﻪ( ﻭ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ )ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﻋﺼﻤﺖﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺸﺎﻫﻰ(‬

‫ﻫﺎﺩﻯ ﺁﺗﺎﺑﺎﻯ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﻫﻤﺪﻡﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ‬

 ‫ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﮔﻤﺎﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭼﭗ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺲ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺮﻑ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻳﺲ )‪١٣١٤‬ﺵ( ﺍﺯ ﭼﭗ‪ :‬ﺷﻤﺲ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺮﻑ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٩٣١‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ )ﻭﻟﻴﻌﻬﺪ( ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺵ ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‬

‫ﻏﻼﻣﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺷﻮﻫﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﭼﭗ‪ :‬ﻏﻼﻣﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺍﻡ‬
 ‫ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻧﻰ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺵ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻍ ﻣﻜﺘﺐﺧﺎﻧﻪ )‪١٣٠٧‬ﺵ(‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﭼﭗ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﺩﻭﻣﺶ ﺫﺑﻴﺢﺍﷲ ﻣﻠﻜﭙﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻋﺼﻤﺖﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺸﺎﻫﻰ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻯ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ ﺭﺷﻴﺪﻳﺎﺳﻤﻰ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ )‪١٣١٢‬ﺵ(‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﭼﭗ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ )ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﻋﺼﻤﺖﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ(‪ ،‬ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‬
‫)ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻧﻰ(‪ ،‬ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ ﺭﺷﻴﺪﻳﺎﺳﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ )ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﻋﺼﻤﺖﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ( ﻭ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‬
‫)ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﻋﺼﻤﺖﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ(‬

‫ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺩﺭ ﮊﻭﻫﺎﻧﺴﺒﻮﺭﮒ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﭘﺴﺮﺵ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‬