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    Occurrence of Petroleum

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    Hasan Javed Khan
    The document discusses the occurrence and classification of petroleum deposits. It defines a pool as a single reservoir containing oil and/or gas within a single pressure system, which may underlie only a few acres or extend over many square miles. A field is a combination of related pools within the same geological environment. Multiple fields within a similar geological province form a petroleum province. Surface occurrences include seepages and mud volcanoes. Sub-surface occurrences can be minor showings or commercial deposits in pools and fields. Pools, fields, and provinces are the main classifications used to describe petroleum deposits based on their geological characteristics and relationships.

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    Occurrence of Petroleum

    Uploaded by

    Hasan Javed Khan
    5K views3 pages
    The document discusses the occurrence and classification of petroleum deposits. It defines a pool as a single reservoir containing oil and/or gas within a single pressure system, which may underlie only a few acres or extend over many square miles. A field is a combination of related pools within the same geological environment. Multiple fields within a similar geological province form a petroleum province. Surface occurrences include seepages and mud volcanoes. Sub-surface occurrences can be minor showings or commercial deposits in pools and fields. Pools, fields, and provinces are the main classifications used to describe petroleum deposits based on their geological characteristics and relationships.

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    The document discusses the occurrence and classification of petroleum deposits. It defines a pool as a single reservoir containing oil and/or gas within a single pressure system, which may underlie only a few acres or extend over many square miles. A field is a combination of related pools within the same geological environment. Multiple fields within a similar geological province form a petroleum province. Surface occurrences include seepages and mud volcanoes. Sub-surface occurrences can be minor showings or commercial deposits in pools and fields. Pools, fields, and provinces are the main classifications used to describe petroleum deposits based on their geological characteristics and relationships.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5K views3 pages

    Occurrence of Petroleum

    Uploaded by

    Hasan Javed Khan
    The document discusses the occurrence and classification of petroleum deposits. It defines a pool as a single reservoir containing oil and/or gas within a single pressure system, which may underlie only a few acres or extend over many square miles. A field is a combination of related pools within the same geological environment. Multiple fields within a similar geological province form a petroleum province. Surface occurrences include seepages and mud volcanoes. Sub-surface occurrences can be minor showings or commercial deposits in pools and fields. Pools, fields, and provinces are the main classifications used to describe petroleum deposits based on their geological characteristics and relationships.

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    11th May, 2010

    Occurrence of Petroleum:

    ¥ Mud volcanoes, seepages A simplest unit of commercial occurrence is


    the pool. It is defined as the body of oil or gas
    Mode of occurrence: or both occurring in a separate reservoir and
    under a single pressure system. A pool maybe
    1. Surface occurrence
    small underlying only a few acres or it may be
    Seepages, outcrops, wells, woks extended over many square miles. Its content
    may be entirely gas or it may entirely be oil or
    2. Sub-surface occurrence a combination of both.
     Minor showing
     Live Field – same geological environment
     Combination of pools (lateral or
     Dead
    vertical)
    When several pools are related to a single
     Commercial deposits geological feature, either structural or
     Pool stratigraphic, the group of pools is termed as a
     Field field. Individual pools comprised in a field
     Province may occur at various depths one above another
    or they may be distributed laterally throughout
    the geological feature.
    ¥ When near the reservoir, minor
    showing are seen in the drilling. But it is not Province – combination of pools and fields
    necessary that if minor showing are present, a  Almost same geological environment
    reservoir may not be present. A petroleum province is a region in which a
    ¥ Indicates the presence of commercial number of oil and gas pools & fields occur in a
    deposits or source rock similar or related geological environment.

    Pool – small reservoir / same geological field


     Small pressure system
     Either oil or gas or combined
     Production = 50MMcf

    Page | 1
    Surface occurrence – the oil which occurs at 12th May, 2010
    the surface
     Active or Live
    - Continuous movement of oil onto Seepage
    the surface

    Gas Cracks
     Dead or Solid
    - Oil and gas are not coming onto
    the surface Oil

    Water

    Active or Live

     Seepage / Spring  Mud volcanoes


    - Faults or some passage is created - Due to eruption of plastic plate
    from the reservoir to the surface - Clays erupt
    - Shale also has some permeability - Higher pressure breaks upper
    (though low) layers and erupts onto the surface
    - If reservoir is near surface, the oil - Temperature is low compared to
    and gas comes onto the surface that of magma
    - Reservoirs are discovered near to - Not necessary that any
    the seepage hydrocarbons come with a mud
    Water spring – source by which water comes volcano
    onto the surface from the subsurface (natural - Hydrocarbons comes when it
    occurring) e.g. geysers, springs etc. flows through hydrocarbon
    - Oil is sometimes associated with seepage
    this water and comes onto the -  = few feet to hundreds of km’s
    surface h = few feet to hundreds of metres
    - Occurs because of eroding of - Occurs in remote areas of
    layers Balochistan
    - Gas occurs mostly

    Erosion

    Aquifer

    Spring Types:
    i. Seepage spring – also called filteration spring; small movement of water through the
    pore spaces
    ii. Fracture spring – upward movement through faults, fracture or joint
    iii. Tubular spring – due to movement of water, caving takes place. When this water
    reaches the surface it is called tubular spring.

    Page | 2
    Dead or Solid 18th May, 2010

     Disigiminated (separated) occurrence  Dykes and Veins


    - Heavy hydrocarbons (asphalts) are - Shape taken by the heavy
    present in the pore spaces hydrocarbons when they move.
    i. Inspissated occurrence This has NO relation with the
    - Dry hydrocarbons from previous intrusive structures
    pools
    Due to erosion, the upper layer erodes Veins – horizontal
    and the pool exposes to the surface Dykes – vertical
    - Gases are released and the volatile
    matter moves. The heavy
    hydrocarbons remain behind.

    ii. Mixture of sediments and oil


    - At the time of deposition, the
    fossils converted into heavier
    hydrocarbons

    Page | 3

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