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Comparison of Linear and Rotational Motion

This document compares linear and rotational motion. It explains that in rotational motion, all particles in a rigid body rotate with the same angular speed around the axis of rotation, though particles farther from the axis have a greater linear speed due to traveling a larger circumference. The position, speed, acceleration, and other variables of rotational and linear motion are related based on the radius of the particle's circular path around the axis of rotation. Equations are provided relating angular and linear variables, and a table compares the parameters of pure translation and pure rotation.

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Anurag Malik
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672 views2 pages

Comparison of Linear and Rotational Motion

This document compares linear and rotational motion. It explains that in rotational motion, all particles in a rigid body rotate with the same angular speed around the axis of rotation, though particles farther from the axis have a greater linear speed due to traveling a larger circumference. The position, speed, acceleration, and other variables of rotational and linear motion are related based on the radius of the particle's circular path around the axis of rotation. Equations are provided relating angular and linear variables, and a table compares the parameters of pure translation and pure rotation.

Uploaded by

Anurag Malik
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Comparison of Linear and Rotational Motion

When a rigid body such as a merry-go-round rotates around an axis, each particle in the body moves in its own circle
around that axis. Since the body is rigid, all particles make one revolution in the same amount of time. i.e., they all
have the same angular speed w.
 

However, far a particle is from the axis, greater the circumference of its circular trajectory, the greater its linear speed.
Let us try to relate the linear variables 'S', 'v' and 'a' for a particular point in a rotating body to the angular
variables q, w of the body. The two sets of variables are related by r, the perpendicular distance of the point from the
rotation axis. It is also the radius 'r' of the circle traveled by the point around the axis of rotation.

The position
If a reference line on a rigid body rotates through an angle  , a point within the body at a position 'r' from the rotation
axis moves a distance 's' along a circular arc where 's' is given by

The speed
Differentiating equation (1)
The acceleration
Differentiating equation (2)

We get   represents only the part of the linear acceleration that is responsible for

changes in the magnitude 'v' of the linear velocity  . Let us call it tangential component at.

Combining all the above equations, a table can be framed that compares
the translation and rotational motion parameters.
 Pure translation (fixed direction)  Pure rotation (fixed axis)
 Position x  Angular position θ
  Velocity v = dx/dt   Angular velocity ω= dθ/dt
  Acceleration a = dv/dt   Angular acceleration α= dω/dt
 Mass m  Rotational inertia I
 Newton’s second law Fnet = ma  Newton’s second law tnet = I α
 Work w=∫ Fdx  Work w= ∫ tdθ
 Kinetic energy K = ½ mv2  Kinetic energy K = ½ I ω2
 Power (constant force) P = Fv  Power (constant torque) P = t ω
 Work — kinetic energy theorem W = Δk  Work — kinetic energy theorem W = Δk
 Equations of translational motion v=u+at   Equation of rotational motion ω = ω 0+ αt 
S=ut+½ at 2  θ= ω0 t + ½ α t2
v2=u2+2as ω2= ω02 + 2 αθ
 

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