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Build Sensor

This document discusses two methods for building a line sensor using electronic components: 1) Using IR LEDs which is cheap and easy but requires high contrast between the line and ground, and 2) Using LDRs and LEDs which is more common and can adapt to low contrast situations but responds more slowly than IR LEDs. It then provides details on implementing a sensor using the LDR method with 8 cells, including the electronic circuit diagram and considerations for resistor values and LED positioning.

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morpratik
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19 views

Build Sensor

This document discusses two methods for building a line sensor using electronic components: 1) Using IR LEDs which is cheap and easy but requires high contrast between the line and ground, and 2) Using LDRs and LEDs which is more common and can adapt to low contrast situations but responds more slowly than IR LEDs. It then provides details on implementing a sensor using the LDR method with 8 cells, including the electronic circuit diagram and considerations for resistor values and LED positioning.

Uploaded by

morpratik
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Building A Line Sensor

There are many electronic components that can be used to build the sender/receiver cells of
a line sensor. Two of them are discussed in this article, showing the advantages and
disadvantages of each one, and showing how to implement each one of them in an
electronic circuit.

IR LEDs LDRs and LEDs


When you need to adapt to low contrast
This method relies on IR proximity sensor with situations, as discussed before, this is the
some modification. It has the advantage of most common alternative. You chose the
being cheap and easy to implement, but most suitable color of LED for sending the
unfortunately need an important contrast light, then, the LDR will pick up the reflected
between the line and the ground. light, but it's slower to respond than IR
LEDs.

Figure 3.A: One cell implementation Figure 3.B:One cell implementation


D1: Emitter LED R6: Sensitivity
D1: Emitter LED R1: Sensitivity adjustment
D2: Receiver LED adjustment

Here is the electronic circuit of the LDR based line sensor in an 8 cell implementation. As
you can see it is composed of eight cells, each one resembling the cell in figure 3.B.
Figure 3.C

The wire connections W3 to W10 are the outputs of the 8 cells of the sensor.

The value of R1 to R9 cannot be lower than 50 ohm, actually this value is very low and
that's why the sensor sinks a lot of current. You may try to use larger values first, like 220
ohm, then if the intensity of the light is not en ought, reduce it gradually.

You will also notice that there are 9 sender LEDs (not 8), that's because the the LEDs and
the LDRs are positioned in such a way that each LDR has one led on its right and another on
its left (as you can see in figure 3.D). The purpose of this technique is to make sure all LDRs
share the same reflected light intensity, and this way, only one potentiometer can be used
to calibrate all of them.

For more detailed descriptions and techniques, visit:


http://www.ikalogic.com/ir_prox_sensors.php
http://www.ikalogic.com/ir_prox_sensors_40khz.php

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