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Short Coordinate Geometry

This document provides a summary of key concepts in coordinate geometry: 1) It defines the formula to calculate the distance between two points with coordinates (x1, y1) and (x2, y2). 2) It explains how to find the midpoint of a line segment divided in a given ratio by using the formulas provided. 3) It presents formulas to calculate the area of polygons, such as triangles, by using the coordinates of their vertices. 4) It outlines three forms to write the equation of a straight line and provides the formulas to derive the gradient and intercept forms. 5) It also discusses parallel and perpendicular lines and how to represent a locus (the path or

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sewcin
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202 views3 pages

Short Coordinate Geometry

This document provides a summary of key concepts in coordinate geometry: 1) It defines the formula to calculate the distance between two points with coordinates (x1, y1) and (x2, y2). 2) It explains how to find the midpoint of a line segment divided in a given ratio by using the formulas provided. 3) It presents formulas to calculate the area of polygons, such as triangles, by using the coordinates of their vertices. 4) It outlines three forms to write the equation of a straight line and provides the formulas to derive the gradient and intercept forms. 5) It also discusses parallel and perpendicular lines and how to represent a locus (the path or

Uploaded by

sewcin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC or read online on Scribd
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Prepared by Ladybird

Coordinate Geometry (Quick Revision)

Distance Between Two Points

Two points given  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2  , to get the distance of these two points

 x2 , y 2 

 x1  x2    y1  y2 
2 2
  y1  y2  Distance =

 x1 , y1  

Or =  x2  x1 
2
  y2  y1 
2

      
 x1  x2 

Division of a Line Segment

In the Middle

x1  1  x2  1 y1  1  y2  1
1 X Y
1 11 1 1
,
(X,Y)
 x2 , y2  x x
 1 2
y  y2
 1
2 2
 x1 , y1 
Midpoint = ( X, Y )

In the Ratio

n
x1  n   x2  m  y1  n   y2  m 
m X , Y
mn mn
(X,Y)  x2 , y2 
 x1 , y1  Point = ( X, Y )

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Prepared by Ladybird

Area of Polygons

1 x1 x2 x3 x1
Area  ABC 
2 y1 y2 y3 y1
1 x1 x2 x3 x1 x1 x2 x3 x1
       
2 y1 y2 y3 y1 y1 y2 y3 y1
1
  x1 y2  x2 y3  x3 y1    x2 y1  x3 y2  x1 y3 
2

Area  0 if the points are parallel.

Equations of Straight Lines

The equation of a straight line can be expressed in three forms:


1. general form
ax  by  c  0

2. gradient form
y  mx  c

3. intercept form
x y
 1
a b

 To form an equation in gradient form, m and c are required.

Gradient , m 
 y1  y2 
 x1  x2 
or
y y 
 2 1
 x2  x1 

 To form an equation in intercept form, a and b are required.


Equation:
x y
 1
a b

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Prepared by Ladybird

Equation of a straight line

1.  y  y1   m  x  x1 
 y  y1    y1  y2 
2.
 x  x1   x1  x2 
x y
3.  1
a b

Parallel Lines

m1 m2
m1  m2

Perpendicular Lines

m1
m1m2  1
1
m2 m1  
m2

Equation of a Locus

A moving point will form a locus that can be represented by an equation. A locus is a
collection of points under a satisfy given conditions.
The locus of points a fixed point is a circle.
The locus of a point equidistant from two fixed points is a straight line that
perpendicularly bisects the line joining them.
The locus of points a fixed distance from a line is two parallel lines running either
side.

http://ladybirdnotes.blogspot.com

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