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;+3Lotf l6sfp x'g] atfpFb} To;f] cfP/ ljleGg hg3ftL lg0f{o ub}{ y]Ug g;Sg] /fhgLlts af6f]nfO{ v'Nnf ul/lbg'kg]{ cfjfh
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cfwf/df ;+3Lo zf;g lgdf{0f ug{' eg]/ hgtfdf e|d km}nfO/x]sf] atfP .
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cflbjf;Lsf] klxrfg :yflkt ug{df #^ k|ltzt cflbjf;L ;ef;b /x]sf]
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ul//x]sf] atfP . pgn] cfkm"x¿sf] ;/sf/n] ;Rrf ;lxbsf] 3f]/ ckdfg k|z:t ug{ cfu|x u/]sf] ;s];Dd oxL ;/sf/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf
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clgoldttf u/L /x] s f] cf] / f] k lgdf{0fsf qmddf 7]s]bf/sf] s]xL cfly{s ;|ft] sf] ¿kdf ljsf; eO/x]sf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] ;do dxfk|aGws kl5Nnf] ;do b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgsf] åGåsfndf Pdfn] / sfF u | ] ; sf]
:yfgLoafl;Gbfsf] /x]sf] 5 . l;Gw'nL sdLsdhf]/L ePsf] x'g;S5 . t/ b'Uw Joj;fo ;/sf/L /a}of / e|i6 kbdf cf;Lg ofbjn] 7"n} /sd lhPd aGgsf nflu dw];L hgflwsf/ ;+/If0fdf ;LcfO{8L ;'/fsL ug]{ ;a}
lhNnfsf] v's6{ b]lv pbok'/ lhNnfsf] clgoldttfg} ePsf] eGg g;lsg] sd{rf/Lsf sf/0f bogLo aGb} uPsf] kmf]/d -nf]stflGqs_ sf cWoIf sfo{stf{nfO{ ;lxb 3f]if0ff u/]sf]
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pkef]QmnfO{ :jR5 / u'0f:t/Lo b"w a'emfPsf] ;|ft] n] atfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L,
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ljjfb:kb 6gsk'/ afFw;Fu} hf]l8Psf] sf/f]af/ gx'g]u/]sf] oxfFsf Jofkf/L / u/fpg] d'Vo gfOs] dxfk|aGws ;lsg ;fy ;+:yfgdf ePsf cGo 5g\ . ;/sf/n] ;lxb 3f]if0ff u/]sf
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¿kdf rlr{t o; d08Ldf ef/tLo u|fxs cfP/ lsgd]n ug{] ub{5g . rnv]n u/]sf] ;+:yfsf sd{rf/L sf]l;; gu/]sf eg] xf]Ogg\ . t/, Tof] klg ;lxb 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . .
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?s' d . PsLs[ t g] s kf jfOl;Pnsf] lj:tf/ cfjZos /x]sf] o:tf] egfO{ cfPsf] xf] .
dfcf]jfbLsf kf]ln6Jo'/f] ;b:o tyf lhls/ ug{e
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k"jz{ flGtdGqL hgfb{ zdf{ …k|efs/n] cfˆgf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ ljsf;sf /fhgLlt;Fu ghf]8/] lj;'4 ljsf;sf k|wfgdGqLn] cfˆgf] kbsf] b'¿kof]u ub}{ x'G5 . o;n] xfd|f] nf]stGqjfbL elgg] nf]stflGqs / ;dfj]zL ;+ljwfg;efsf]
jfO;LPn lj36g gx'g] atfpg'ePsf] nflu ;dflhs sfd u/]/ hgtfdfem nflu lrGtf u/]df dfq} ljsf;n] km8\sf] 6]lnlehgsf kbf{x¿af6 k6s–k6s slyt g]tfx¿sf] bogLo j}rfl/s P]ltxfl;s lgjf{rgaf6 b]zs} ;a}eGbf
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cem} lj:tf/ ul/g]df hf]8 lbg'eof] . u0ftGq :yfkgf kl5sf] t]>f] ?s'd gful/s kf6L{ aGg'k5{ . ;a}h;f] k'/fgf eGg ;S5 < gful/s kf6L{sf] k|df0fkq dfcf]jfbL :yflkt eof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf]
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cfof]lht sfo{stf{ e]63f6df g]tf zfGtL dGqL zdf{n] o:tf] atfpg'ePsf] k6s bf]xf]¥ofO/x]5g\– ægful/s kf6L{ eGg ;S5, csf]{ r'gfj gx'~h]n;Ddsf] ub} { g] k fnsf] Oltxf;df klxnf]
k|efs/n] pSt s'/f atfpg'ePsf] xf] . hgtfsf] r]tgf ljsf; u/L gag];Dd dfcf]jfbL g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/ j} w flgs hgdt jf hgfb] z u0ftflGqs ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j PsLs[t
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dGqL k|efs/n] PsLs[t ?s'd ljsf;
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nufpg'eof] . o'jf ljgf ljsf; ?s'd]nL hgtfsf] kIfdf ePsfn] gful/s kf6L{ xf] / s'g xf]Og < gful/s eg]/ < bz jif]{ hgo'4 / !( lbg] ¿kfGtl/t geP;Dd dfcf]jfbL g]tT[ jsf]
c;Dej ePsf] eGb} ljsf;sf nflu nf]slk|o x'g lgb]z
{ g lbg'eof] . ;Qf?9 o;nfO{ ;a}n] cf–cfˆgf] 7fpFaf6 kf6L{sf] k|df0fkq s;n] lbg] < clg hgcfGbf]ng clg !@ a'bF ] ;Demf}tf, ;/sf/ aGg ;Sb}g .Ú dfwjs'df/
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cfGbf]ng ;Fu;Fu} ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] lj36gsf] ;t{ /flv/x]sf] a]nf k"j{ agfpgsf nflu cufl8 ;fl/Psf] ;+:sf/ / ;Eotf ePsf] eP oL k|Zgx¿ /fhgLltsf] j}wflgs d"nwf/df k|jz ] klg xb x'G5, h;n] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts
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jt{dfg /fhgLlt c;fWo} 7"nf] ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjdf /fli6«o kF"hL
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sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] g} ul//x]sf] 5 . lgd{n cfrfo{ cfof] eg] ;xdlto af6f] v'N5 .
b] z ;/sf/ ljxLg cj:yfdf kF " h LjfbL cy{ J oj:yf / To;sf] 5g\ . dfwj g]kfnsf] /fhLgfdf ;xdtLo af6f] ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf]
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5g\, kFh " LjfbL ljrf/sf kIfkftLx¿ qmflGtsf] l;4fGt pNn]lvt s'/fx¿ cy{Joj:yf;Fu dfq ;DalGwt ljrf/ ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ cfbz{ dfGg]
/ cGo ljrf/wf/sx¿ /ldt] jf dfcf]jfbsf d'Vo ljz]iftf x'g\ . xf]Og . /fHo;Qfsf] :j¿ksf] ljifodf dfwj g]kfnhL n] /fhLgfdf glbg'
jif{ #, c+s $#, d;/ !# ut] cfOtaf/ @)^& x'/]{sf] cj:yfdf 5g\ . ;fdGtjfb s'gk} lg b]zsf] qmflGt Tof] b]zsf] klg o;n] l;wf cy{ /fVb5 . o; cy{ d f hfoh 5 . dfwj
9n]sf] 5, ;fdGtsf] ljsNk kFh " Ljfb df} l nstf, /fhg} l ts cj:yf, /fhtGqn] PsfTdstfsf] l;4fGtsf] g]kfnhLsf] /fhLgfdf gcfpg'sf] t];f| ]
;DkfbsLo jf ;dfhjfb tfTsflng cj:yfdf ljZjkl/j] z , hgtfsf] cj:yf cfwf/df s] G b| L s[ t /fHok| 0 ffnL sf/0f olx xf] .
gf}nf] hgjfb s] eGg] ljifog} clxn]sf] nufotsf sf/0fn] s]xL df}lns / ;~rfng ul//x]sf] lyof] . /fhtGq ca /Xof] /fhg}lts g}ltstfsf]
c;kmn ;/sf/ k|d'v ljifo ag]sf] 5 .
sDo'lgi6x¿sf] lglZrt juL{o
leGg x'G5 . xfdLn] eGb} / :jLsfb}{
cfPsf] g]kfnL qmflGt ta dfq ljhoL
k5fl8sf] /fHok|0ffnL s:tf] t <
clxn]sf] csf]{ ax; oxfFg/] xf] . xfdL
k|Zg . g}ltstf juL{o x'G5 .dfwj
g]kfnn] kF"hLjfbnfO{ cFufNg' ePsf]
/fli6«o :jtGqtf / gful/s ;jf]R{ rtfsf] cjx]ngf ePkl5 nIo x'G5 / pm ;dfhdf /x]sf] x'G5 ha ;fdGtjfb / k"FhLjfbdf sxfF clxn] b'O{j6f ljsNk 5g\ 5, To;sf/0f pxfF bnfn gf]s/zfxL
c;dfgtf cGtu{ t rfxG5 .pm b' O { ch¨sf kxf8x¿ 9nfpg jf:tljs ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] gofF g]kfn kFh
" Ljfb k|lt, sfFu; ]| k|lt / ef/tk|lt
pQm sbdsf lj?4 PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;8s / ;j{xf/fju{sf] clwgfosTj sfod ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fdGtjfb / kF"hLjfb of ;+3Lotfsf] gfddf e"uf]nnfO{ efu g}ltsjfg x'g'x'G5 . clxn] ef/tsf
;bgaf6 zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 t/ ;/sf/ rfxG5, bnfn tyf gf] s /zfxL ljns'n cnu ljrf/ / k4lt xf]Og\ . nufOPsf] ¿kdf gofF / ;f/df k'/fg} nflu dfwj g]kfn eGbf g}ltsjfg
sfgdf t]n xfn]/ al;/x]sf] 5 . @$) jif]{ lg/+sz' /fhtGqkl5 kF"hLnfO{ Wj:tkf/L dhb'/x¿sf] b'a}sf] cGto{df Pp6} s'/f n's]sf] g]kfn hf] xfdLn] sNkgf ul/Psf] dfG5] c? sf]xL x'g} ;Sb}g . sfFu; ]| n]
:yfkgf ePsf] u0ftGqnfO{ ljb]zL k|ex' ¿sf] Ozf/fdf c;kmn g]tT[ jdf :jtGq / cfTdlge{/ k"h F Lsf] x'G5, dhb"/ ju{sf] zf]if0f / d'¶Le/ jf:tljs ;+3Lotf 5, Tof] ;+3Lotf klg pxfFnfO{ g}lts u'?g} dfg]sf] 5 .
ljZjf; ug{ rfxG5 . cGt/f{li6«o ju{sf] /Iff . t/ km/s sxfFg]/ xf] canDag ug{] xf] eg] :jtM bnfn pxfFn] kF"hLjfb canDag ug]{ clg
agfpg] k|oTg ;Qfl;g bnx¿af6 g} eO/x]sf] 5 . nf]stGqdf ;j{xf/fjfbsf] l;4fGtnfO{ cFufNb} eg] zf]if0fs} tl/sfaf6 x]bf{ klg tyf gf]s/zfxL kFh " Ljfb k/f:t x'G5 . ;j{xf/fju{ k|lt lsg g}ltsjfg
hg lt/:s[t tyf hgdt gePsfx¿ hgtfsf gfos ag]/ ljZj eft[Tj ljsf; u/L ljZjaf6} ;fdGtjfb k'/ftg h:tf] / kF"hLjfb To;sf/0f jf:tljs ;+3Lotf qmflGt x'g'k¥of] < To;sf/0f g}ltstf eGg]
hgtfdfly lg/+sz ' tf bzf{O /x]sf 5g\ . b]z, hgtf / o'4sf] cGt ug{ rfxG5 . sDo'lgi6 g'tg h:tf] b]lvG5 . ;dfh ljsf; xf] eg] ;+ 3 Lotfsf] gfddf s'/f juL{o x'G5 . pxfF cfk|mgf] ju{kl| t
hgdtnfO{ aGws agfpFb} ljb]zL k|ex' ¿sf] cfzL{jfbdf ag]sf] ;+ul7t 5g / cfGbf]lnt x'g' pk/f]Qm qmdnfO{ ;/;tL{ x]bf{ ;dfhjfb kl5sf] oyfl:yltjfb k|ltqmflGt xf] . dfwj c;fWo} g}ltsjfg x'g'x'G5 . pxfFsf]
pknAwL xfl;n ug{sf] nflu xf] . cy{ J oj:yf eg] s f] k" F h LjfbL g]kfn jf:tljs xf]Og oyfl:yltjfbL ju{af6 x]bf{ pxfFn] /fhLgfdf glbg'
jt{dfg s7k'tnL ;/sf/n] jif{lbg lalt;Sbf ;d]t Pp6f g]kfndf clxn] ljleGg vfn] cy{Joj:yf g} xf] . km/s sxfFg]/ xf] ;+3Lotf rfxG5g . t;y{ pgsf] c;fWo} g}lts / hfoh sbd xf] .
klg pNn]Vo sfd ug{ ;s]g . ;/sf/sf] sfo{ z}nLn] hgtf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x¿ 5g\ . Psyl/n] eg] bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxLsf] g]t[Tj /fhLgfdf gcfpg' Tof] cy{df hfoh s'n ldnfP/ x]bf{ dfwj g]kfnhL
lbgk|ltlbg k|tfl8t dfq x'g k'ug] g\ pgLx¿sf] :jfledfg dfS;{, P+uN] ;, n]lggnfO{ dfq :jLsf5{g\ /x]sf] kFh" LjfbsL ;j{xf/fju{ / /fli6«o 5 . pgsf] /fhLgfdf gcfpg'sf] bf];f| ] cfk|mgf] ju{k|lt k|lta4, cfk|mgf]
dfly klg 7]; k'¥ofpg] sfd hf/L g} 5 . ;/sf/n] hgtfsf] / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ c:jLsf/ ub{5g\ . kF"hLsf] g]t[Tj /x]sf] kF"hLjfb < sf/0f olx xf] . /fhg}ltk|lt c;fWo} g}ltsjfg /
s;}n] n]lggjfbnfO{ dfGb5g\ t/ casf] g]kfnsf] cy{Joj:yf eg]sf] /fhfnfO{ zL/dfly /fVg] / k|ltqmflGtsf] g]t[Tj ug{sf nflu b[9
Go"gtd cfjZostfnfO{ ;d]t k"lt{ ug{ ;s]g . :6flngnfO{ k"/} gsf5g t s;}n] kF"hLjfbg} xf] . t/ s:tf] / s:fsf] cNkdt ax'dtsf] v]n v]Ng] xfdL x'gx' G' 5 . pxfFsf] /fhLgfdf gcfpg'sf
htftt} cGofo, cTofrf/, dx+uL / e|i6frf/n] 8]/f dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbxF'b} dfcf]jfbnfO{ g]tT[ jsf] kFh " Ljfb eGg] k|Zgg} clxn]sf] ljutdf o:t}ub}{ cfof}+ . clxn] klg sf/0fx¿ log} x'g\ . o;/L x]bf{
hdfof] . t/ ;/sf/ d'sbz{s ag]/ cfˆgf Vjfldtx¿nfO{ klg :jLsfb{5g\ . oxfF nfdf] rrf{ n8fO{sf] s]Gb|ljGb' xf] . ;j{xf/fju{ / xfdL cNkdt / ax'dts} v]ndf 5f}+ . k| l tqmflGt Pp6f ;] 6 df 5 eg]
l/emfpg d} Jo:t /Xof] . ;+ljwfg;efdfk{mt\ gofF ;+ljwfg ;Dej 5}g t/ h;n] dfcf]jfb jf /fli6«o kFh " Lsf] g]tT[ jdf cufl8 a9\g] Psy/L cNkdt / ax'dtsf] v]n qmflGtnfO{ klg Pp6f ;]6df 9fNg'
dfcf]nfO{ :jLsfb}{g xfd|f] h:tf] kF"hLjfb qmflGt xf] eg] bnfn tyf v]Ng] ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ ;+;f/d} ;j{xf/fju{sf] d'Vo bfloTj xf] . ca
kfpg] / zflGt / cu|udgdf hfg] hgtfsf] OR5f / d'n'sdf Tof] sDo'lgi6 x'g ;Sb}g . gf]s/zfxL kFh " Ljfbsf] g]tT[ jdf cufl8 pTs[i6 Joj:Yff dfGb5g\ eg] jf:tljs ;j{xf/fju{ cndn gu/L :jtGq
cfsf+Iffdfly t'iff/fkft ul/lbof] . ;/sf/ xTof, lx+;f ckx/0f dfcf]sf d'ne"t s'/fdf xfdLn] s] a9\g] kF"hLjfb k|ltqmflGt xf] . xfdL sDo'lgi6x¿ of] Joj:yfnfO{ v;Lsf] juL{o kxnsbdL ;lxt cfTdlge{/
/ e|i6frf/df d'sbz{s eP/ b]znfO{ tx; gx; kfg{ p2t b]V5f}+ eg] PsM ;fdGtjfbsf] huhuL s] k|i6 x'g h;/L 5 eg] Pdfn]n] 6fpsf] e'm08\ofP/ s's/' sf] df;' a]Rg] sfo{qmd ljsf; u/L qmflGt ;DkGg
/Xof] . ;/sf/sf] oxL sfo{zn } Lsf] lg/Gt/tf :j¿k h]7 !$ /x] s f] cw{ ; fdGtL tyf bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL kF"hLjfbnfO{ Joj:yf dfGb5g\ . bnfn tyf ug]{ lbzflt/ nfUg' g} p;sf] g}ltstf
cw{cf}klgj]lzs d'n'sdf qmflGtsf] ;+:yfut ug{ rfxG5, To;}n] p;n] gf] s /zfxL kF " h Ljfb :jLsfg] { x ¿ x'G5 . k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx¿ cfk|mgf]
ut] dWo/ftdf ePsf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog x'g g]tT[ j / ;kmntf b'O{ M cw{;fdGtL k|ltqmflGtsf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] 5 . ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ cfbz{ dfGb5g\ . 7fpFdf g}ltsjfg 5g\ xfdL ;j{xf/f
;ls/x]sf] 5}g . h]7 !$ sf] ;xdltaf6 ;/sf/ sfd tyf cw{cf}klgj]lzs d'ns ' df bnfn dfwj g]kfnn] /fhLgfdf glbg' of] lsgeg] ;+;bLo Joj:yf o;sf] pkh qmflGtsf/L ju{ klg cfk|mgf] 7fpFdf
rnfpdf uO;s]sf] oyfy{tfnfO{ la;{b} ;/sf/ lgo'lQm, ;?jf, tyf kFh " Ljfbsf] u7 hf]/df k}bf ePsf] cy{df hfoh 5 ls pgL k|ltqmflGtsf] xf] / o;sf] nflu pj{ / 5 . g}ltsjfg agf}+ . 3lge"t ¿kdf
l7dfxf bnfn tyf gf] s /zfxL g]t[Tj ug{ rfxG5g / ul//x]sf klg /fHoJoj:yf ;+ ; bLo x' g ] / qmflGtsf] tof/L u/f}+ .
a9'jf, kbs lje'if0f / cfly{s cg'bfg afF8g\ sDd/ s;]/
nflu /x]sf] 5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf ;/sf/n] bf];f| ] hgcfGbf]ng
lj?4 bdgdf plqPsfx¿nfO{ lje'lift u¥of] eg] @$) jif]{
lg/+sz' /fhtGqsf kIfkf]ifs, zflGt ;+ljwfg / cu|udgsf
dfwj g]kfnsf] s'sT[ onfO{ hf]8/] x]bf{ ¤
u0f] z s6' j fn lyP, u0ftGqsf] kIfdf klg lyPgg\ . g]kfndf /x]sf / g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ug]{ xf], hgtfsf] cfsf+Iffsf] ckdfg
lj/f]wLx¿nfO{ k'/:s[t u¥of] . ;/sf/sf] of] sfo{zn
} Ln] lg/+sz
' …/fd|f] kf]zfsdf ;lhPsf] 5 eg] ;+3Lotf / wd{lg/k]Iftfsf] kIfdf klg n'l6/xg] k|lqmofdf aGb]h nufpF5 . ug{] xf] . d'n's oxL ;/sf/sf sf/0f
/fhtGqnfO{ ;d]t lj;f{O lbPsf] 5 . nf]stGqsf] lvNnL ;efdf d'v{ klg zf]efodfg x'G5 t/ lyPgg . pgL lyP t s]jn /fhfnfO{ h:tf] cf8df xfdL / ltdLx¿n] ldn]/ clg0f{osf] aGbL alg/x]sf] 5 . t}klg
p8fpFb} ljut Ps jif{bl] vsf] of] ;/sf/ rf}tkmL{ ¿kdf p;sf] ;f]ef ta;Dd dfq} sfod bfd /fv]/ ;f:6fª b08jt ub}{ cfh;Dd ;Qfdf af/Daf/ /hfOF ub}{ ;/sf/ eg] To;}df /ldt] ag]/
c;kmn eO;s]sf] 5 . ====eGbf b]Vg]nfO{ nfh eGg] g]kfnL x'G5, ha;Dd p s]xL af]Nb}g .Æ laGtLkq xfn]/ k|wfgdGqLdf dgf]lgt cfPsf 5f} . ;a}nfO{ yfxf g} 5 al;/x] s f 5g\ . k| w fgdGqLsf]
g] k fn sDo' l gi6 kf6L{ Pdfn] s f x'g kfP klg x'g] lyof] eGg] nf]eL / ;+ljwfg;ef g]kfnsf] qmflGtsf/L /fhLgfdf ug{ ;xdlt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg
pvfgnfO{ rl/tfy{ ug]{ of] ;/sf/nfO{ ca ;Dk"0f{ hgtf k" j { d xf;lrj dfwj g] k fnsf nfnrL ljrf/df dfq} ;Lldt lyP Û sDo'lgi6x¿sf] dfu xf] . lxhf]nfO{ To;nfO{ tf]8df]8 ub}{ s'ts{x¿
Psh'6 eO{ kfvf nufpg} k5{ . b]z / hgtf clg nf]stGqsf] ljutb] l v jt{ d fg;Ddsf 36gf pgL t k|ltqmflGtsf/L, oyfl:yltjfbL ;/fk]/ jt{dfgsf] hf]xfdf nfu]sfx¿ cufl8 ;fb}{ ;Qf ;Dxfn]sf] d'tsf]
lvNnL p8fpg] of] ;/sf/ ca Ps ldg]6 klg /xg' x'Gg of] z[+vnf / s's[TonfO{ hf]8]/ x]/]df / k|ltudgsf/Lsf gfOs] x'g\ . o;/L cfkm}FnfO{ gSsnL / 9f]uL hLjg Gofgf]df /dfO/x]sf] jt{dfg u7aGwg
cfd :jfledfgL g]knLsf] cfjfh xf] . pgLx¿sf] lgolt jf dgf]lj1fgdf dfwj g]kfnsf] s'sT[ onfO{ hf]8/] x]bf{ latfO/x]sfx¿ lbn / lbdfunfO{ s7\kt' nL kl/j]zn] ;Qf;Lgx¿ nfh
;dfg cfwf/ e]l6G5 Û cd]l/sL s' g } a] n f of ;do gfos aGbsL /fVb} cUnf b]lvg]x¿ cfh krfO/x]sf 5g\ . laut !$ ut]
/fhb"t kf6L{ sfof{nodf hfFbf leQfdf agfOPsfx¿;d] t vngfosdf ;dosf] e]nn] hgtf;fd' lxhf] jf h]7df ePsf] # a'Fb] /fhgLlts
lrof / skmL d'6s' f nflu nfebfoL 6fF;LPsf] dfs{; / n]lggsf] kmf]6f]x¿ kl/;s]sf] eg]/ :jod pgLx¿nfO{ kbf{ k5fl8sf s'sT[ onfO{ cfh ;flat ;xdltkl5 lglZrt lbzfdf cl3
g] b /Nof08sf zf] w stf{ x ¿n] ;]jgaf6 hxfF Pstkm{ sf]n]:6«f]n To;} x6fOPsf xf]Ogg\ Û bf;9'Ëf klg x]Ss} x'Fb}g . b]zn] @)^@÷^# aofg lbg glxrlsrfO lgw{Ss ;fy a9\g' kg]d { f b]zsf] /fhgLlts k|lqmof
lbgdf sofF} k6s lrof / skmL lkpFbf a95 oxL csf]{tkm{ of] d'6' /f]u;Fu xTofsf08df To;} sfo{stf{ Joy{{ sf] hgcGbf]ngsf] anaf6 ;+3Lo af]Nb} hfFbf lha|f] lrlKnPsf] eGb} hxfFsf] ToxLF cl9/x]sf] 5 . ;xdltsf]
d'6'sf] :jf:Yosf nflu nfebfoL x'g] n8\5 klg . t/ cWoogdf of] klg s' l 6OPsf xf] O gg\ Û 1fg] G b| s f] nf]stflGqs hgu0fGqt kfof] t/ cfˆgf] sdhf]/L ;RofpF5g\ . /fi6« pNn+3g ub}{ ;Demf}tfsf] kfngf gu/]/
atfPsf 5g\ . zf]wstf{x¿n] !# elgPsf] 5 ls olb tkfO{+ lbgdf ;/sf/df dGqL kfpgf ;fy To;} nf]stGqnfO{ alnof] agfpg] g]tf uDeL/ ;+s6df k'Ug nfu]sf] a]nf;Ddf ;Qf;Lg bnx¿n] hgtfsf]
jif{;Dd lg/Gt/ u/]sf] cWoogkl5 b'O{b]lv rf/ sk skmL lkpg' x'G5 k|ltudg cfwf ;lRrof] eflgPsf] kfPgg\ . g]kfnL hgtfn] cu|udgsf klg hlt ;Dej 5 Tolt g} kmfObf kl/jt{gsf] dd{ / efjgfdfly g}
of] kl/0ffd ;fj{hlgs u/]sf x'g . eg] o;af6 la/fdL x'g] vt/f @) xf]Og Û To;} k6s–k6s k|wfgdGqLsf OR5f, rfxgfx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L tfgLxfnf}F eGg] ljs[lt dgf]lj1fgsf] s'7/f3ft ug{ k'u]sf 5g\ . h;sf]
cWoogsf] kl/0ffd cd] l /sg k|ltztn] sd x'G5 . cWoogsf] g]tT[ j nflu 1fg]Gb|;fd' lalGtefp 6]G8/ zflGt ;d[l4 / cu|ufdL ;d'Ggt ;"rs xf] . jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] gfOs] sf/0f k|dv ' bnx¿aLr ljZjf;sf]
x6{P;f]l;P;gsf] hg{df k|sfzg u/]sf k|fWofks jf]gL afG8/ zfn] xflnPsf] klg xf]Og Û Tolts} jL/]Gb|sf] g] k fn agfpg] cleofgcGtu{ t hf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] k|ToIf lgjf{rgdf ;+s6 emg\ a9\g uPsf] 5 . Ps jif{sf]
ul/Psf] 5 . cWoogdf $),)) eg]– lrof jf skmL dg k/fpg] xTofkl5sf] 5fglag ;ldltdf pgsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ dxfg\ p2]Zo k|fKt hgtfn] @–@ 7fpFaf6 x/fPsf] x¿jf nflu ylkPsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb klg
JolStnfO{ ;xefuL u/fOPsf] lyof] . JolStsf nflu of] cWoog /fd|f] va/ gfd /flvPsf] xf]Og Û lagfsf/0f ePsf] b]Vg grfxg] cu|udg lj/f]wL dfwjs'df/ g]kfn hgtfsf] lgkf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ hflu/sf] ydf}tL ul/lbPsf]
zf]wsf cg';f/ h'g JolStn] lbgdf xf] . o;sf] ;]jgaf6 d[To'sf] hf]lvd sDo' l gi6 kf6L{ s f dxf;lrjsf] zlStn] klg ToxL /0fgLlt ckgfPsf] ;+ : yfaf6 ;+ l awfg agfpg' e Gbf h:tf] x'g k'us ] f] 5 . o;y{ hgtfsf]
^ skeGbf a9L lrof lkpg] ub{5 pTkGg gu/fOsg} d'6s ' f] :jf:Yo /fd|f] x}l;otn] 1fg]Gb|sf] /fHof/f]x0fdf bfd :ki6 aGb} uPsf] 5 Û gful/s cFWof/f] sf]7fdf a;]/ ;+lawfg agfpg' g]kfnsf] d'xf/ k]mg{ rfxgfnfO{ eË
pgLx¿df d'6' /f]u x'g] vt/f Ps alg/xG5 . a[l6z x6{kmfp08]zgsL r9fOPsf] xf]Og Û oL s;/L lxhf] / ;jf]R{ rtf s'Nrg]x¿n] @)^@÷^# sf] g} /fd| f ] eGg] ;f] R g' d" n tM ug]x{ ¿ ljZjf;sf kfq aGg ;Sb}gg\ .
ltxfO{ sd x'g] ub{5 . zf]waf6 lbgdf Pn]g Kof;gn] elgg– of] cWoogaf6 cfh pgLx¿n] e|d / if8\oGqsf sfnf hgfGbf]ngsf] bf}/fgdf 1fg]Gb|sf ;+ljwfg;efk|lt uDeL/ cgfb/ JoQm s6f/L–%, pbok'/, xfnM O{/fs
b'Ob{ l] v rf/ sk;Dd skmL lkpFbf tL k|df0fnfO{ an ldNb5 ls xNsf Oltxf; / st'{tx¿ /r] eGg] s]xL k5fl8 a;]/ cfGbf]ngsf/L hgtfnfO{
klg d'6'sf] ladf/L x'g] vt/f sd
x'g] tYosf] v'nf;f ePsf] 5 . oBlk
dfqfdf lrof jf skmL ;]jg clwsf+z
JolStsf nflu gsf/fTds 5}g .
pbfx/0f dfq x' g \ Û hgtfnfO{ ;/fKg] / pgLx¿dfly y'Sg] u/]em}F ljrf/ hut\sf] cnUu} uf]/6] f]
cFWof/f]df /fv]/ aGb sf]7fdf a'lgg] lbNnL b/af/sf] Ozf/fdf clxn]
of] s'/fdf km/s km/s l/kf]6{af6 oBlk olb tkfO{+ skmLsf ;fy r'/f]6 /fhgLlts ;lGwsf] /x:o To;sf d'n'snfO{ clgjfo{sf] aGbL agfpb}
lrofdf b'w ldnfpFbf klnlkmgf]nsf] lkpg' x'G5 eg] of] ;a} kmfObf ;dfKt stf{x¿n] k|foM vf]Nb}g . t/ ;do hgtflj?4 ljif jdg ug{] / hgtfsf]
k|efj sd x'g] tYo k|fKt ePsf] 5 . x'g]5 . pgn] elgg– xfdLn] of] s'/f tTj t:tf] xf] h;n] slxn]sfxLF ;xeflutfnfO{ xf]Rofpg] sfd ub}5 { g\ .
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h'g lgs} nfebfoL dflgG5 . skmLdf d'6n' fO{ :j:y /fVg rfxg' x'G5 eg] k|wfgdGqL dfwj g]kfn cfkm}n F ] eg]sf] g]tT[ jdf ag]sf] ;+ljwfg / zflGtdfly
o:tf] u'0f x'G5 h;n] Ps ;fy hf]lvd
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s"n ldnfP/ Ps :j:Yo hLjg z}nL
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pgL o;cl3 ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf
lyPgg\ . ljutdf pgL s]–s]sf] kIfdf
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/fli6«o ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj

xfd|f] kf6L{n] kfpg'k5{
d'ns' nfO{ cl:y/tftk{m ws]Ng ef/tLo Psflwsf/jfbL tyf lj:tf/jfbL zlQm v'n/] nfu]sf 5g\ .
xfd|f] k6L{leq g]tT[ j;DaGwL ljjfb g} 5}g . aflx/ h'g 9·n] rrf{, kl/rrrf{ ul/of]
Tof] k|fof]lht lyof] eGg] xfd|f] lgisif{ xf] .
‘gsr/f] ;/sf/df ;xefuL gsr/f kf6L{x?n] h'g lg0f{o u/],
To;n] ;Rrf ;lxbsf] ul/dfdf cf“r k'¥ofPsf] 5 .
sf“u|];, Pdfn] g]kfndf cl:y/tf rfxg] zlQmx¿af6 lgb]{lzt 5g\ . To; sf/0f
;xdlt sfof{Gjog x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL kf]i6axfb'/ af]u6L ‘lbjfs/’ ;lrj– PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL
) ev{/} ;DkGg kf]ln6Jo"/f] a}7sn] ;dGtju{;lxtsf] 3/]n' k|ltlqmofjfb / :jtGqtf xf] . aflx/af6 s;}n] k|:tfj lkmtf{ af]nfpg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f cWofb]zdfkm{t\ ah]6 Nofpg] sfd eof] ) cGTodf cfdhg;d' b fonfO{
u/]sf dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ox¿ af/]df ef/tLo Psflwsf/ lj:tf/jfb / ug]{ s'/} xf]Og . aflx/ h'g 9Ën] k|rf/ atfOlbg';\ g < eg] Tof] b'ef{Uok"0f{ x'g5
] , To;sf] xfdL o; klqsfdfkm{t\ yk s]xL eGg
s] x L atfOlbg';\ g < pTkLl8t g] k fnL hgtfaLrsf] ul/of], Tof] ef/tLo Psflwsf/jfbL cd]l/sfn] le;f lbP/ klg e|d0fdf ;zQm¿kdf lj/f]w u5f}+{ . rfxg' x ' G 5 <
kf] l n6Ao' / f] a} 7 sn] jt{ d fg cGt/lj/f]w g} k|wfg lj/f]w xf] eGg] lrGtgåf/f k|lzlIft zlQmx¿n] aflx/ hfg] qmddf xfd|f] Ps kf]ln6Jo"/f] ) km] l / kf6L{ l eqs} s' / f u/f} + , d'ns
' olta]nf uDeL/ b'36{ gfsf]
/fhgLlts ljifodf dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ox¿ lg0f{ o df xfdL k' U of} F . kf6L{ s f] prfn]/ g]tT[ jsf] aLrdf cGt/lj/f]w ;b:onfO{ /f]Sof], o; 36gfn] xfdLnfO{ tkfO{+sf] kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x¿n] dfu{df nDsFb} 5 . ;/sf/df ;xefuL
u/]sf] 5 . jt{dfg ;/sf/df ;xefuL ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nflu ;+u7gfTds u/fP/ xfd|f] kf6L{ k'm6fpg] ;'lgof]lht uDeL/ agfof] . ;'Ggdf s] cfPsf] 5 kf6L{n] g lg0ff{os cfGbf]ng bnx¿ /fhgLlts¿kdf c;fWo} a]Odfg
bnx¿ zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;'b9[ Ls/0f u/]/ cufl8 a9\gk' 5{ / if8\oGqleq of] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] eg] dfgjclwsf/jfbLsf] cfj/0fdf ug{ ;Sof] g xfd|f] zflGt;'/Iff ePsf 5g\ . xfdL ljutb]lv g} of]
k|lqmofk|lt uDeL/ 5}gg\ . pgLx¿ To;sf] nflu cfufdL c;f]hdf lj:tfl/t lgisif{ xfdLn] lgsfn]sf 5f}F . o;k|lt g]kfndf lqmofzLn b]zL, ljb]zL g} ug{ ;Sof] eg] / cf/f] k ;/sf/nfO{ b]zL, ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbsf
d'ns' nfO{ clglZrttf / cl:y/tftkm{ a}7s ug]{ lg0f{o kf]ln6Ao'/f] a}7sn] xfd|f] kf6L{df ;a} ;r]t tyf uDeL/ k|ltlqmofjfbLsf] Ph]G6sf] ¿kdf sfd nufO/x]sf 5 lg < nfrf/ 5fofF x'g eGb} cfPsf lyof},F Tof]
ws]Ng vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ eGg] lgisif{df u/]sf] 5 . 5f}F . ul//x]sf ;+:yfx¿n] cgfjZos¿kdf kf6L{ sfo{stf{df o:tf] vfnsf] clxn] cfP/ emg} k'li6 ePsf] 5 .
a} 7 s k' u ] s f] 5 . d' n ' s nfO{ ) tkfO{ + x ¿sf] kf6L{ l eq /fli6« o ) ut h] 7 !$ ut] dWo/ftdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o clUg lrGtf t 5 . cfGbf]ng cfh}ef]ln g} d'ns' sf] /fli6««o :jfwLgtf, zflGt,
cl:y/tftkm{ ws] N g ef/tLo ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj;DaGwL ljjfb tkfO{ + x ¿n] ug' { e Psf] ;xdlt ;fksf]6fdfly h'g 9Ësf] k"jf{ux| /flvof] . lg0ff{os eg]/ x'Fb}g . kl/l:yltsf] ;+ljwfg w/fkdf kl//x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o
Psflwsf/jfbL tyf lj:tf/jfbL zlQm s;/L 6'l of] < Ps dlxgf k' U g nfUbf klg To; 36gfk|lt xfd|f] kf6L{ uDeL/ 5 . ljsf;Fu;Fu} cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd cufl8 :jfwLgtfsf] /Iff ug],{ zflGt / ;+ljwfg
v'n/] nfu]sf 5g\ / /fhgLlts bnx¿ xfd|f] k6L{leq g]tT[ j;DaGwL ljjfb ;/sf/df ;xefuL bnx¿n] of] clUg ;fksf]6fdfly dfq xf]Og, l;Ëf] a9\g] u5{ . clxn] xfd|f] kf]ln6Ao"/f] lgdf{0fsf] nflu km]l/ gofF 9Ën] ;Dk"0f{
To;sf] s7\kt' nL ePsf 5g\ eGg] s'/f g} 5}g . aflx/ h'g 9Ën] rrf{, kl/rrrf{ sfof{ G jog\ u/] g g\ lg, o; kf6L{dfly s} cfqmd0f xf] . To;sf/0f a}7sn] u/]sf lg0f{on] kf6L{nfO{ PsLs[t b]zeQm, u0ftGqjfbL zlQm gofF l;/faf6
eg\emg\ k'li6 x'bF } uPsf]5 . d'ns ' sf ul/of] Tof] k|fof]lht lyof] eGg] xfd|f] ljifodf s] eGg'x'G5 < cd]l/sf pl8;s]sf ;fyLx¿ klg / s]lGb|st[ agfpFb} gofF 9Ën] cfzfjfbL zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ cfGbf]ngdf
;Dk"0f{ k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpgsf] lgisif{ xf] . /fli6«o ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j ;xdlt / ;xsfo{af6 cufl8 a9\g] tTsfn kmls{g lgb]z { g lbPsf 5f}F . o; agfpg ;kmn x'G5 . sfo{stf{sf] ;+/If0f cufl8 a9\gk' g]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 .
nflu ;a} /fi6« j fbL b] z eQm xfd|f] kf6L{n] kfpg'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] bfaL xf] eg] sfFu; ]| / Pdfn] uDeL/ eP/ 36gfn] xfdL kl/jlt{t d'ns ' sf hgtf / ljsf;sf] nflu kf6L{ PsLs[t To;sf] nflu tof/L /xg d ;Dk"0f{
nf]stGqjfbL zlQmx¿nfO{ uf]na4 u/]/ xf] . olb /fli6«o ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j ug]{ 5nkmndf cfpg'kg]{ xf] . t/, pgLx¿n] xf} eGg] cg'e"lt ePg . u0ftGq of]hgfcg';f/ cufl8 a9\5 . hg;d'bfonfO{ clkn ub{5' .
cufl8 a9\g'k5{ eGg] lg0f{o xfd|f] lhDd]jf/L xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ cfPdf cWoIfs} To;f] gu/]/ ;/f;/ a]OdfgL u/] . Nofpgsf] nflu ul/Psf] cfGb]fngdf
kf]ln6Ao'/f] a}7sn] u/]sf] 5 . xfdLn] g]tT[ jdf ;/sf/df hfFbf ;a} b[li6sf]0fn] pgLx¿n] a]OdfgL ug's { f] d'Vo sf/0f s}of}F ;fxbt eP, To; qmddf s;}nfO{ olta]nfsf] k|wfg cGt/lj/f]w bnfn gf]s/zfx /
xfd|f] k|wfg cGt/lj/f]wsf] af/]df Jojxfl/s x'G5 eGg] s'/f kf6L{n] Psdtn] sfFu; ]| / Pdfn]df :jtGq lg0f{o lng] s]xL cf/f]k–k|Tof/f]k xf]nf . cd]l/sfn]
dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o u¥of}F . olta]nfsf] k|wfg lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ef]ln g]tT[ jsf] ljsNk Ifdtf gePsf] sf/0fn] xf] . sfFu; ]| , kl/jt{gsf] cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf ePsf ;dGtju{;lxtsf] 3/]n' k|ltlqmofjfb / ef/tLo
cGt/lj/f] w bnfn gf] s /zfx / vf]Hg'kg]{ cj:yf cfPdf Tof] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] Pdfn] g]kfndf cl:y/tf rfxg] 36gf, kl/36gfnfO{ a'‰g ;s]g . o;n]
zlQmx¿af6 lgb]l{ zt 5g\ . To; sf/0f xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ cem uDeL/ agfPsf] 5 . Psflwsf/ lj:tf/jfb / pTkLl8t g]kfnL
jt{dfg;/sf/df;xefuLbnx¿zflGt/;+ljwfg ;xdlt sfof{Gjog x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ) ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ps jif{ Dofb hgtfaLrsf] cGt/lj/f]w g} k|wfg lj/f]w xf] eGg]
) tkfO{ + ;lxb k| l ti7fg;F u ylkPsf] klg Ps dlxgf k'Ug
lgdf{0fk|lqmofk|ltuDeL/5}gg\.pgLx¿n]d'n'snfO{ ;DalGwt JolQm x' g ' x ' G 5, nfUof] t/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fk|lt lg0f{odf xfdL k'Uof}F .
;/sf/n] ev{/} hgo'4sf] qmddf s;} s f] Wofg uPsf] b] l vF b } g
clglZrttf/cl:y/tftkm{ws]Ngvf]lh/x]sf5g\ ;' / fsL ug] { n fO{ / b' 3 { 6 gfdf lg < o;n] ylkPsf] ;dodf
eGg]lgisif{dfa}7sk'u]sf]5. k/]sf ;d]tnfO{ ;lxbsf] ;Ddfg klg ;+ l jwfg aGg] 5fF 6 sfF 6
lbPsf] 5 o; ljifodf s] b]lvPg lg <
eGg'x'G5 < clxn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof h'g ef]ln g]tT[ jsf] ljsNk vf]Hg'kg]{ cj:yf cfPdf
u0ftGq :yfkgfsf] dfu{df Jojwfg ultdf cufl8 a9\gk' g]{ xf] To;f] x'g Tof] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] :jtGqtf xf] . aflx/af6 s;}n]
u0ftGq :yfkgfsf] dfu{df Jojwfg v8f ug]{ v8f ug]{ dfG5]x¿nfO{ ;Ddflgt ug'{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ;/sf/df ;xefuL
dfG5]x¿nfO{ ;Ddflgt ug'{ lj8Dagf xf] . h;n] lj8Dagf xf] . h;n] u0ftGqsf] bnx¿ / ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbLx¿ k|:tfj ug]{ s'/} xf]Og . aflx/ h'g 9·n] k|rf/
kIfw/tfdf n8\gx] ¿nfO{ ;'/fsL u/]/ g]kfndf ;+ljwfg gagf];\ d'ns ' oxL
u0ftGqsf] kIfw/tfdf n8\gx] ¿nfO{ ;'/fsL u/]/ xTof xTof u/] ltgLx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{ Hofb} cl:y/tfdf cufl8 uO/xf];\ . To;f] eof] ul/of], Tof] ef/tLo Psflwsf/jfbL lrGtgåf/f
u/] ltgLx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{ Hofb} b'Mvb kIf xf] . b'Mvb kIf xf] . hgo'4 juL{o o'4 ePsf] eg] oxfF n'6g\ / zf]if0f ug{ ;lhnf] k5{
x'gfn] cf–cfˆgf] ju{nfO{ :yflkt ug]{ eGg] 7flg/x]sf 5g\ . To;sf/0f sfFu;]| , k|lzlIft zlQmx¿n] aflx/ prfn]/ g]tT[ jsf]
s'/f gf}nf] xf]Og . …gsr/f] ;/sf/df Pdfn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fk|lt uDeL/
;xefuL gsr/f kf6L{x¿n] h'g lg0f{o b]lvPsf 5}gg\ . ;/sf/df ;xefuL aLrdf cGt/lj/f]w u/fP/ xfd|f] kf6L{ k'm6fpg]
dfgjclwsf/jfbLsf] cfj/0fdf g]kfndf u/], To;n] ;Rrf ;lxbsf] ul/dfdf cfFr bnx¿ ;+ljwfg agfpg'eGbf klg s;/L ;'lgof]lht if8\oGqleq of] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 eGg]
lqmofzLn b]zL, ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbLsf] k'¥ofPsf] 5 . /fi6«sf] 9's6' Ldf a|Xdn'6 dRrfpg]
) kfF r lbgleq /fhLgfdf lbg] eGg]d} nfu]sf 5g\ . To; sf/0f ;+ljwfg lgisif{ xfdLn] lgsfn]sf 5f}+ .
Ph]G6sf] ¿kdf sfd ul//x]sf ;+:yfx¿af6 eGg] ;/sf/n] clxn] e6fe6 lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9\g ;ls/x]sf]
/fhgLlts lgo'lQm ;?jf, a9'jf 5}g\ .
cgfjZos¿kdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ul//x] s f] 5, o; ljifodf ) ah] 6 Nofpg jif] { clwj] z g
;b:o clUg ;fksf]6fdfly h'g 9 sf] tkfO{ + s f] kf6L{ n ] s:tf] sbd af]nfpg l9nf eO;Sof], To:tf]
g]kfndf /fhgLlts¿kn] slt cg}lts
cufl8 a9fpF5 < cj:yfdf d'n's cl:y/tftkm{
k"jf{ux| /flvof] . To; 36gfk|lt xfd|f] kf6L{ xfdLn] of] ;/sf/sf] ;'?b]lv g} lj/f]w uO/x]sf] b]lvG5, tkfO{+x¿sf]
ub} { cfPsf 5f} F . g] k fndf
dfG5] /x]5g\ eGg] k'li6 of] ;/sf/df
uDeL/ 5 . kf6L{ n ] o; ljifodf s]
/fhgLlts¿kn] slt cg}lts dfG5]
/x]5g\ eGg] k'li6 of] ;/sf/df
;f]lr/x]sf] 5 <
k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿ olt;Dd lgn{Hh,
;xefuLx¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . dfwj g]kfn
k| l tlqmofjfbLx¿ olt;Dd lgn{ H h,
;xefuLx¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . dfwj g]kfn s7f]/ / tfgfzfxL x'G5g\ ls cfˆgf] h;nfO{ lxhf] h;/L :jR5 5ljsf] eg]/
h;nfO{ lxhf] h;/L :jR5 5ljsf] eg]/ :jfy{cg'¿k ePg eg] cfkm}n F ] lgdf{0f
s7f]/ / tfgfzfxL x'G5g\ ls cfk\mgf] k|rf/ ul/GYof] df}sf kfO;s]kl5 pgL u/]sf lgod, sfg'gnfO{ tf]8/] cufl8 k|rf/ ul/GYof] df}sf kfO;s]kl5 pgL slt
slt e|i6, kbnf]nk' / ljb]zLsf] nfrf/ a9\5g\ eGg] s'/f clxn] k|:6 ePsf]
:jfy{ c g' ¿ k ePg eg] cfkm} “ n] lgdf{ 0 f 5fofF ag]/ a:g ;Sbf/x]5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] 5 . ;+;b\nfO{ ;a}eGbf pTs[i6 b]Vg] e|i6, kbnf]nk' / ljb]zLsf] nfrf/ 5fof“
k'li6 o; 36gfn] u/]sf] 5 . sfFu; ]| , Pdfn]x¿ clxn] ;+;b\nfO{ 5Ng] ag]/ a:g ;Sbf/x]5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] k'li6
u/]sf lgod, sfg'gnfO{ tf]8]/ cufl8 ) dfcf] j fbL kf6L{ n ] cd] l /sf qmd pkqmdtkm{ h;/L nflu/x]sf 5g\ .
a9\5g\ eGg] s'/f clxn] k|:6 ePsf] 5 . e| d 0fdf /x] s f g] t fx¿nfO{ of] clt g} 3[l0ft / nHhf:kb s'/f xf] . o; 36gfn] u/]sf] 5 .
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hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)^& sf] k|:tfljt PsLs[t d:of}bf
PsLs[t g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ ug{ jf st{Jo kfngf ug{ pbfl;gtf b]vfPdf To:tf] hfFra'em jf 5fglag ug{] jf To:tf] ljifosf] cWoog
kbflwsf/L pk/ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ ;DalGwt jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug{]
-%_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] cfo'Qm ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 . clwsf/L ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{], s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf]
kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M– -v_ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, -u_ dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3g ug{] JolQm jf ;+:yfsf s'g} s'/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf, hfFra'em jf 5fglag ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog lj?4 d'2f rnfpg' kg{] cfjZostf ePdf sfg"g @)^= dlxnf cfof]u sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ o;
-v_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf, jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ adf]lhd cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{], ;+ljwfg / sfg'gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;+3Lo dlxnf
-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf . s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] -3_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ gful/s cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-^_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] s'g} s'/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . ;dfh;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{], -s_ dlxnfsf] xs lxt;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;+3Lo gLlt
nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf x'g'kg]{5M– !(&= lgjf{ r g cfof] u sf] sfd, st{ J o / clwsf/ M - -ª_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3gstf{nfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 !_ ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xL /fi6«klt, tyf ;hfo ug{ sf/0f / cfwf/ v'nfO{ ;DalGwt ;/sf/ ;dIf k]z ug]{ .
:gftsf]Q/ pkflw k|fKt u/]sf], pk/fi6« k lt, hgdt ;F u | x hgk| l tlglw;ef -s] G b| / lgsfo ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{, -v_ dlxnfsf] xs lxt;Fu ;DalGwt k|rlnt sfg'gsf]
-v_ rfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], / /fHo÷k|fGt_, :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg nufot ;a} -r_ dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cfjlws kfngf eP jf gePsf] jf g]kfn kIf ePsf] cGt/f{li6«o
-u_ pRr g}lts rl/q Pj+ ;fdflhs k|lti7f sfod ePsf] . vfnsf] lgjf{rgsf] ;+rfng, /]vb]v, lgb]{zg / lgoGq0f ¿kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug{] tyf To;df ug'{ kg{] ;'wf/ ;lGw cGt/utsf] bfloTj sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf]
-&_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / lgjf{rg cfof]uaf6 x'g]5 . tyf ;+ z f] w gsf ;DaGwdf g] k fn ;/sf/ ;dIf ljifodf cg'udg u/L kfngf jf sfof{Gjog gePsf]
;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd -@_ pkwf/f -!_ df plNnlvt st{Jo k"/f ug{sf] nflu lgjf{rg l;kmfl/; ug{], eP ;f]sf] kfngf jf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/
x'g]5g\ . cfof]unfO{ b]xfosf] clwsf/ x'g]5M– -5_ dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw jf ;dIf ;'emfj lbg] .
-*_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm -s_ ;+3Lo ;+/rgf cGtu{t lgjf{rg If]qx¿sf] lgwf{/0f ;Demf} tfsf] g] kfn kIf aGg' kg{ ] ePdf To;sf] -u_ dlxnfnfO{ /fli6«o ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt
cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g] u/L lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg] . sf/0f;lxt g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{] / kIf ug{sf nflu tyf /fHosf ;a} c+ux¿df ;dfg'kflts
5}g .t/, -v_ lgjf{rg k|of]hgsf] nflu /fhgLlts bn btf{, bnx¿ alg;s]sf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog eP jf ;xeflutf Pj+ nfu" ul/Psf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf]
-s_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm ug{ aLrsf] ljjfb lg¿k0f Pj+ ;+:yfut ljsf;df ;xof]u gePsf] cg'udg u/L sfof{Gjog gePsf] kfOPdf ;ldIff, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ / ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L
o; pkwf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd ug]{ . ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ .
s'g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] -u_ lgjf{rg / ;f] sf] gLlt, sfg'g nufotsf ljifodf ug{], -3_ n}lËs ;dfgtf, dlxnf ;zlQms/0f tyf dlxnf;Fu
kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t ;/sf/nfO{ k/fdz{ lbg] . -h_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3gsf ;DaGwdf ;+3Lo dfgj ;DalGwt k| r lnt sfg' g L Joj:yfsf] cWoog,
hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 . -3_ lgjf{rg k"/f e}g;s]sf] cj:yfdf pDd]bjf/sf] cof]Uotf clwsf/ cfof]un] u/]sf] l;kmfl/; jf lgb{]zg kfngf cg';Gwfg u/L To:tf sfg'gdf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/sf
-v_ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, ;DaGwL ljifodf lg0f{o ug]{ . jf sfof{Gjog gug{] kbflwsf/L, JolQm jf lgsfosf] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ / ;f]sf]
hfFra'em jf 5fglag ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog -ª_ dtbftf gfdfjnL ;+sng / cBfjlws ug]{ . gfd sfg"g adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs u/L dfgj clwsf/ cg'udg ug]{ .
jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ -#_ lgjf{rg cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] pNnª\3gstf{sf] ¿kdf clen]v ug{] . -ª_ dlxnf clwsf/;+u ;DalGwt g]kfn kIf ePsf]
s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm, -#_ ;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd
s'g} s'/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . lgjf{rg cfo'Qm jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] jf st{Jo kfngf ubf{ b]xfosf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 g]kfnn] k7fpg' kg]{ k|ltj]bgsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn
!(#= nf] s ;] j f cfof] u sf] sfd, st{ J o / clwsf/ M zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfng ug{ kfpg] u/L M– ;/sf/n] k7fP jf gk7fPsf] cg'udg ug]{ .
-!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] lgldQ pko'Qm ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 . -s_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ cfof]u ;dIf pkl:yt u/fO{ hfgsf/L -r_ dlxnf lx+;f jf ;fdflhs s'/Lltaf6 kLl8t jf
pDd]bjf/ 5gf}6 ug{ k/LIff ;~rfng ug'{ nf]s ;]jf -$_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL lgjf{rg cfof]usf cGo jf aofg lng] jf askq u/fpg], k|df0f a'‰g], bzL dlxnf clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ glbPsf] jf jl~rt u/]sf]
cfof]usf] st{Jo x'g]5 . :ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f k|df0f bflvnf ug{ nufpg] ;DaGwdf cbfntnfO{ eP ljifodf s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yf lj?4 d'2f bfo/ ug'{kg]{
nflu ;}lgs clws[t jf hjfg / ;z:q k|x/L jf k|x/L eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . ;/xsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{], cfjZostf b]lvPdf sfg'g adf]lhd cbfntdf d'2f
sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf jf kb tyf lghfdtL ;]jf jf kb xf]Og !(*= k|fb]lzs Joj:yf M lgjf{rg cfof]usf] k|To]s /fHodf -v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNnª\3g x'g nfu]sf] jf bfo/ ug{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ .-h_ sfg'gåf/f tf]lsPsf
egL P]gåf/f tf]lsPsf] cGo ;]jf jf kb afx]s g]kfn Ps zfvf /xg ;Sg]5 . eO;s]sf] ;"rgf cfof]un] s'g} lsl;daf6 k|fKt u/]df cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
;/sf/sf c? ;a} ;]jf jf kbnfO{ lghfdtL ;]jf jf kb !((= g] k fn ;/sf/n] lgjf{ r g cfof] u nfO{ cfjZos s'g} JolQm jf lghsf] cfjf; jf sfof{nodf ljgf @)&= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M ;+3Lo dlxnf cfof]un] cfkm"nfO{
dflgg]5 . sd{rf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg{] M o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;"rgf k|j]z ug{], vfgtnf;L lng] tyf To;/L k|fKt clwsf/dWo] s]xL clwsf/ cWoIf, ;b:o, ;ldlt,
-@_ lghfdlt ;]jfsf cltl/Qm ;/sf/L ljBfnosf lzIfs, lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfˆgf] sfd k"/f ug{ cfjZos kg{] vfgtnf;L ln+bf dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3g;Fu pk;ldlt jf cfof]usf clws[t :t/sf] sd{rf/L jf g]kfn
k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L, ;}lgs ;]jf nufot cGo ;/sf/L sd{rf/L / cGo s'/fx¿ g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 . ;DalGwt lnvt, k|df0f jf ;a'b sAhfdf lng], ;/sf/sf] clws[t :t/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{
;]jfsf] kbk"lt{, lgo'lQm / a9'jf ;DaGwL Joj:yf nf]s @))= dfgj clwsf/ cfof] u V. dfgj -u_ s'g} JolQmsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3g eO/x]sf] s'/f ;Sg]5 .
;]jf cfof]un] ug]{ u/L sfg'gåf/f Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg]5 . clwsf/ cfof] u M -!_ g] k fndf Ps ;+ 3 Lo dfgj hfgsf/L eO{ tTsfn sf/afxL ug{' kg{] cfjZos @)*= k|fb]lzs Joj:yf M k|fb]lzs ;DaGwL Joj:yf sfg'gåf/f
-#_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] kbdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] clwsf/ cfof]u x'g]5 h;df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / b]lvPdf lagf ;"rgf ;/sf/L sfof{no jf cGo 7fpFdf lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
k/fdz{ lagf :yfoL lgo'lQm ul/g] 5}g . ljlw sfg"gåf/f ;dfj]zLtfsf cfwf/df / dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt k|j]z ug{] / p4f/ ug{], @)(= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M ;+3Lo dlxnf cfof]un] k|To]s jif{
lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . x'g] u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ M– -3_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3gaf6 kLl8t ePsf] JolQmnfO{ cfkm"n] u/]sf sfd sf/jfxLsf] ;DaGwdf jflif{s k|ltj]bg
!($= k| f b] l zs Joj:yf M nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k|fb]lzs -s_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{gsf] If]qdf ljlzi6 of]ubfg sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ lbg cfb]z lbg],- tof/ u/L /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 / /fi6«kltn] To:tf]
;DaGwL Joj:yf sfg'gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . k'¥ofPsf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLz ª_ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cGo clwsf/sf] k|of]u k|ltj]bg hgk|ltlglw;ef ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug{]5 .
!(%= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ k|To]s jif{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] kbaf6 ;]jf lgj[Q JolQm jf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / / st{Josf] kfngf ug{] jf u/fpg] . @!)= blnt cfof] u VII. blnt cfof] u M -!_
cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug{]5 ;+j4{g jf ;dfh;]jfsf If]qdf lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6 @)#= k|fb]lzs Joj:yf M k|To]s :jfoQ /fHodf Ps dfgj g]kfndf Ps ;+3Lo blnt cfof]u x'g]5 h;df ;dfg'kflts
/ /fi6«kltn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg hgk|ltlglw;ef ;dIf k]z of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf Vofltk|fKt JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 – clwsf/ cfof]u /xg]5 . k|ltlglwTj / ;dfj]zLtfsf] cfwf/df / dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj
ug]{ Joj:yf ug{]5 . cWoIf @)$= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+3Lo ;' l glZrt x' g ] u/L Pshgf cWoIf / cGo b' O { h gf
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] -v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g jf ;dfh;]jfsf If]qdf dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ .
cltl/Qm nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] jif{e/Ldf pDd]bjf/ 5gf}6 lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6 of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf Vofltk|fKt k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug{]5 / /fi6«kltn] To:tf] -@_ pkwf/f -#_ / -%_ sf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQmx¿ dWo]af6
ug{ lnPsf] k/LIffsf] ljj/0f, ;f] k/LIffdf pQL0f{ kl/IffyL{ JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 rf/hgf – ;b:o k|ltj]bg hgk|ltlglw;ef ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug{]5 .- :yfoL ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/z u/]sf JolQmnfO{ /fi6«kltn] 5
;DaGwL ljj/0f, ljleGg lgsfonfO{ k/fdz{ lbPsf] ljj/0f, -@_ /fi6«kltn] :yfoL ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6«o dfgj @_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo jif{sf nflu blnt cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] ¿kdf
lghfdlt sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/jfxL / ;hfo ubf{ clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 . s'/fsf] cltl/Qm /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]udf jif{e/L lgo'lQm ug]{5 . lghx¿sf] yk Ps sfo{sfnsf nflu
lbPsf] k/fdz{sf] ljj/0f / k/fdz{ adf]lhdsf] sfd eP -#_ ;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw k/]sf ph'/L, To:tf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] 5fglag / k'g{lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 .t/,
gePsf] ljj/0f, s'g} ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] kbsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 . lghx¿sf] yk cg';Gwfgsf] ljj/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ljleGg ljifodf -s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g cufj} blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf jf
/ ljefuLo sf/jfxL ubf{ ckgfpg'kg]{ ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf] Ps sfo{sfnsf nflu k'g{lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 . t/ ;+3Lo u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf] ljj/0f, dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3g ug{] ;b:osf] pd]/ k};¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf lgh cfkm\gf] kbdf
jf/]df k/fdz{ lbPsf] eP ;f] sf] ljj/0f / eljiodf dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf{]Rr JolQm lj?4 s'g} d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ;+Vof, dfgj axfn /xg] 5}g .
lghfdlt ;]jfsf] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 . cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{gsf ;DaGwdf eljiodf ug'{ -v_ blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]
!(^= lgjf{ r g cfof] u IV. lgjf{ r g cfof] u M ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .-$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf ;+3Lo kg{] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 . GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f]
-!_ g]kfndf Ps ;+3Lo lgjf{rg cfof]u x'g]5 h;df dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm @)%= dlxnf cfof]u IV. dlxnf cfof]u M -!_ kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .
;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / ;dfj]zLtfsf cfwf/df / ePsf] dflgg]5 M– g]kfndf Ps ;+3Lo dlxnf cfof]u x'g5 ] h;df ;dfg'kflts -#_ blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:o x'g sDtLdf b; jif{
dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt x'g] u/L k|d'v lgjf{rg -s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf, k|ltlglwTj / ;dfj]zLtfsf] cfwf/df Pshgf cWoIf / blnt xs lxt jf blnt ljsf; jf dfgj clwsf/sf]
cfo'Qm / cGo b'O{ hgf;Dd lgjf{rg cfo'Qmx¿ /xg]5g\ . -v_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf, cGo rf/ hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ . If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] JolQm x'g'kg]{5 .
k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf cltl/Qm cGo lgjf{rg cfo'Qm -u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf . -@_ /fi6«kltn] :yfoL ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zdf ;+3Lo dlxnf -$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf]
lgo'Qm ePdf k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmn] lgjf{rg cfof]usf] -%_ ;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] lgo'lQm ug]{5g\ . kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M–
cWoIf eO{ sfd ug{]5 . lgo'lQm x'g b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf x'g'kg]{5 M– -#_ ;+3Lo dlxnf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'lQm -s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-s_ g] k fn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k| f Kt ljZjljBfnoaf6 x'g b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf x'g'kg]{5 M– -v_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf,
-@_ /fi6«kltn] :yfoL ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lgjf{rg :gftsf]kflw xfl;n u/]sf],-v_ sDtLdf rfln; jif{ pd]/ -s_ sDtLdf bz jif{ dlxnfsf] xs, lxt jf n}lËs Gofo -u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qmx¿sf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 . k'/f u/]sf], jf dlxnf ljsf; jf dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ -%_ blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu
-#_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm -u_ pRr g}lts rl/q Pj+ ;fdflhs k|lti7f sfod ePsf] . of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] dlxnf, b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf x'g'kg]{5 M–
ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 . lghx¿sf] yk Ps -^_ ;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds -v_ cWoIfsf] xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt -s_ cWoIfsf] xsdf g] k fn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k| f Kt
sfo{sfnsf nflu k'g{lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 .t/, / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkfwL xfl;n u/]sf], ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/]sf],
-s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g' cufj} k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm jf x'g]5 . -u_ sDtLdf rfln; jif{ pd]/ k'/f u/]sf], -v_ lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] pd]/ k};¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf lgh -&_ ;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] -3_ lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf] avt s'g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o -u_ rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g . JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] nflu u|fXo x'g] g/x]sf], -3_ pRr g}lts rl/q Pj+ ;fdflhs k|lti7f sfod ePsf] .
-v_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'QmnfO{ ;jf{]Rr 5}g . t/, -ª_ pRr g}lts rl/q Pj+ ;fdflhs k|lti7f sfod -^_ blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf
cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg -s_ dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm ug{ ePsf] . cGo zt{x¿ sfg'gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 . o; pkwf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd -$_ ;+3Lo dlxnf cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw -&_ blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo
-$_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kb s'g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlwsf] lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 . lghx¿sf] Ps ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g] 5}g .t/,
l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M– u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf sfo{sfnsf nflu k'g{lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 .t/, -s_ blnt cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm ug{ o;
-s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf, ul/g]5 . -s_ ;f] cjlw k"/f x'g' cufj} ;+3Lo dlxnf cfof]usf pkwf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd s'g}
-v_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf, -v_ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em cWoIf / ;b:osf] pd]/ ^% jif{ k"/f ePdf lgh ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlwsf]
-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf . jf 5fglag ug{] jf To:tf] ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f cfkm\gf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g . u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf
-%_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug{] s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm -v_ ;+3Lo dlxnf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf]{Rr ul/g]5 .
b]xfo adf]lhd of]Uotf x'g'kg]{5 M– eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] jfwf cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg -v_ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 . jf 5fgljg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L
:gftsf]kflw u/L sfg'g, hgk|zf;g, lj1fg, snf, @)!= dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ -%_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;+3Lo dlxnf cfof]usf cWoIf jf /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/z k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{
;flxTo jf /fli6« o hLjgsf cGo If] q df zf] w , M -!lwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g tyf To;sf] ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M– sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf]
cg';Gwfg, cWofkg jf cGo s'g} dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ u/L k|efjsf/L sfof{GjognfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ ;+3Lo dfgj -s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf, dflgg] 5}g .
sDtLdf kGw| jif{ cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf], clwsf/ cfof]usf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -v_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf,-u_ @!!= blnt cfof] u sf] sfd , st{ J o / clwsf/ M -!_
-v_ rfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], / -@_ pkwf/f -!_ df plNnlvt st{Jo k"/f ug{sf] nflu ;+3Lo lghsf] d[To' ePdf . g]kfndf ePsf blnt ;DjlGw cWoog tyf cGj]if0f u/L
-u_ pRr g}lts rl/q Pj+ ;fdflhs k|lti7f sfod dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] b]xfosf sfd ug{]5 M– -^_ ;+3Lo dlxnf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / To; ;DjGwdf ug{'kg{] pko'Qm ljifo ;d]t klxrfg u/L
ePsf] . -s_ s'g} JolQm jf ;d"xsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3g jf ;]jfsf zt{x¿ sfg'gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{] .
-^_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf To;sf] b'?T;fxg ePsf]df kLl8t JolQm cfkm}+ jf -&_ ;+3Lo dlxnf cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm @_ hflto pTkL8g / lje]bsf] cGTo u/L blnt pTyfg /
cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . lghsf] tk{maf6 s;}n] cfof]u ;dIf k|:t't jf k|]lift cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g . ljsf;sf lgDtL blnt lxt;+u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] /fli6«o
-&_ lgjf{rg cfof]usf] k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qm u/]sf] lgj]bg jf ph'/L jf s'g} ;|f]taf6 cfof]unfO{ t/, gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df u/L sfo{Gjogsf nflu
eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ k|fKt ePsf] hfgsf/L jf cfof]usf] cfˆg} :jljj]sdf -s_ dlxnf cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]]z ug{] .
u|fXo x'g] 5}g .t/, To;sf] 5fglag tyf cg';Gwfg u/L bf]ifL pk/ o; pkwf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd #_ blnt pTyfg tyf lxtdf ePsf ljz]if Joj:yf nufot
-s_ lgjf{rg cfof]usf] cfo'QmnfO{ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmdf sf/afxL ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{], s'g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] blnt lxt;+u ;DjlGwt k|rlnt sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf
lgo'Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g -v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3g x'gaf6 /f]Sg] lhDd]jf/L kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t kfngf eP jf gePsf] ljifodf cg'udg u/L kfngf jf
/ ;f] adf]lhd s'g} cfo'Qm k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] jf st{Jo ePsf] kbflwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 . sfo{Gjog gePsf] eP ;f] sf] kfngf jf sfo{Gjogsf
kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ gu/]df jf st{Jo kfng gu/]df jf lhDd]jf/L k"/f -v_ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf ;'emfj lbg] .
@)^& ;fn c;f/ !# ut] cfOtaf/ ˆ5
$_ blnt clwsf/;+u ;DalGwt g]kfn kIf ePsf] cGt/f{li6«o ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo tyf ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ . @#!= d' l :nd cfof] u sf] sfd, st{ J o / clwsf/ M -!_
;lGw ;Demf}tfdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd g]kfnn] k7fpg' lk5l8Psf] ju{ / If]qsf] lxt ;+/If0f cfof]u x'g]5 h;df -@_ pkwf/f -#_ / -%_ sf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 g]kfndf ePsf d'l:nd ;d'bfo ;DjlGw cWoog tyf
kg]{ k|ltj]bgsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] k7fP jf ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / ;dfj]zLtfsf] cfwf/df / :yfoL ;ldltn] l;kmfl/z u/]sf JolQmnfO{ /fi6«kltn] 5 cGj]if0f u/L To; ;DjGwdf ug{'kg{] pko'Qm ljifo ;d]t
gk7fPsf] cg'udg ug]{ . dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt x'g] u/L Pshgf cWoIf jif{sf nflu dw]zL cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] ¿kdf klxrfg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{] .
%_ blntnfO{ /fli6«o ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt ug{sf / cfjZostf cg';f/ ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ . lgo'lQm ug]{5 . lghx¿sf] yk Ps sfo{sfnsf nflu @_ d'l:nd ;d'bfosf] efiff, ;F:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ Pj+ d'l:nd
nflu tyf /fHosf ;a} c+ux¿df ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf -@_ pkwf/f -#_ / -%_ sf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 k'g{lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 .t/, ;d'bfosf] pTyfg / ljsf;sf lgDtL d'l:nd ;d'bfosf]
Pj+ nfu" ul/Psf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;ldIff, cg'udg :yfoL ;ldlt l;kmfl/z u/]sf JolQmnfO{ /fi6«kltn] 5 -s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g cufj} dw]zL cfof]usf] cWoIf jf lxt;+u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] /fli6«o gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf]
tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ / ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu jif{ s f nflu ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+ V os Pj+ ;b:osf] pd]/ k};¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf lgh cfkm\gf] kbdf th'{df u/L sfo{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]]z
g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ . l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo tyf lk5l8Psf] ju{ / If]qsf]] lxt axfn /xg] 5}g . ug{] .
^_ sfg'g4f/f tf]lsPsf] cGo sfo{ ug{] . ;+/If0f cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] ¿kdf lgo'lQm -v_ dw]zL cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] #_ d'l:nd ;d'bfosf] pTyfg tyf lxtdf ePsf ljz]if Joj:yf
@!@= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M cfof]un] cfkm\gf] sfd, st{Jo ug]{5 . lghx¿sf] yk Ps sfo{sfnsf nflu k'g{lgo'lQm GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] nufot d'l:nd ;d'bfosf] lxt ;+u ;DjlGwt k|rlnt
/ clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ cfkm\gf] s'g} x'g ;Sg]5 .t/, kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 . sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf kfngf eP jf gePsf] ljifodf
;b:o jf ;b:ox¿sf] ;ldlt jf ;+3Lo jf k|fGtLo -s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g cufj} ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos -#_ dw]zL cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:o x'g sDtLdf b; jif{ cg'udg u/L kfngf jf sfo{Gjog gePsf] eP ;f] sf]
;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] clwgdf /xL Pj+ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo tyf lk5l8Psf] ju{ / If]qsf]] dw]zL xs lxt jf dw]zL ljsf; jf dfgj clwsf/sf] kfngf jf sfo{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf ;'emfj
k|of]u tyf kfngf ug]{ u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 . lxt ;+/If0f cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] pd]/ k};¶L jif{ If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] JolQm x'g'kg]{5 . lbg] .
@!# k|fb]lzs Joj:yf M k|fb]lzs ;DaGwL Joj:yf sfg'gåf/f k"/f ePdf lgh cfkm\gf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g . -$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf dw]zL cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] $_ d'l:nd ;d'bfosf] clwsf/ ;DalGw g]kfn kIf ePsf]
lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . -v_ ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M– cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd
@!$=jflif{s k|ltj]bg M k|To]s jif{ ;+3Lo blnt cfof]un] tyf lk5l8Psf] ju{ / If]qsf] lxt ;+/If0f cfof]usf] -s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-v_ pkwf/f -@_ g]kfnn] k7fpg' kg]{ k|ltj]bgsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n]
cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf,-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf . k7fP jf gk7fPsf] cg'udg ug]{ .
ug]{5 / /fi6«kltn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg hgk|ltlglw;ef ;dIf ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg -%_ dw]zL cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu %_ d'l:nd ;d'bfo dfly ePsf ;j}vfn] pTkL8gsf] cGTo
k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug{]5 . ;lsg]5 . b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf x'g'kg]{5 M– u/L /fli6«o ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt ug{sf nflu
@!%= bjf;L÷ hghflt cfof] u VIII. -#_ ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo -s_ cWoIfsf] xsdf g] k fn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k| f Kt tyf /fHosf ;a} c+ux¿df ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf Pj+
cflbjf;L÷hghflt cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps ;+3Lo tyf lk5l8Psf] ju{ / If]qsf]] lxt ;+/If0f cfof]usf] ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/]sf], nfu" ul/Psf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;dLIff, cg'udg
cflbjf;L÷hghflt cfof]u x'g]5 h;df ;dfg'kflts cWoIf / ;b:o x'g ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos -v_ rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /-u_ pRr g}lts rl/q Pj+ tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ / ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu
k|ltlglwTj / ;dfj]zLtfsf] cfwf/df / dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj Pj+ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ / If]qsf] xs ;fdflhs k|lti7f sfod ePsf] . g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ .
;' l glZrt x' g ] u/L Pshgf cWoIf / cGo b' O { h gf lxt jf ljsf; jf dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf sDtLdf b; -^_ dw]zL cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf ^_ sfg'g4f/f tf]lsPsf] cGo sfo{ ug{] .
;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ . jif{ dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] JolQm x''g'kg]{5 . cGo zt{x¿ sfg'gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . @#@= clwsf/ k| T ofof] h g M cfof] u n] cfkm\ g f] sfd,
-@_ pkwf/f -#_ / -%_ sf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 -$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ -&_ dw]zL cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
:yfoL ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/z u/]sf JolQmnfO{ /fi6«kltn] 5 l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ / If]qsf] lxt ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g] 5}g .t/, cfkm\gf] s'g} ;b:o jf ;b:ox¿sf] ;ldlt jf ;+3Lo jf
jif{sf nflu cflbjf;L÷hghflt cfof]usf cWoIf / ;+/If0f cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePsf] -s_ dw]zL cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm ug{ o; k|fGtLo ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] clwgdf
;b:ox¿sf] ¿kdf lgo'lQm ug]{5 . lghx¿sf] yk Ps dflgg]5 M– pkwf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd s'g} /xL k|of]u tyf kfngf ug]{ u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .
sfo{sfnsf nflu k'g{lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 .t/, -s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf, ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlwsf] @##= k| f b] l zs Joj:yf M :jfoQ /fHo ;DaGwL Joj:yf
-s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g cufj} cflbjf;L÷hghflt cfof]usf] -v_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf, u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf sfg'gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
cWoIf jf ;b:osf] pd]/ k};¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf lgh -u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf . ul/g]5 . @#$= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M k|To]s jif{ ;+3Lo d'l:nd cfof]un]
cfkm\gf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g . -%_ ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo -v_ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z
-v_ cflbjf;L÷hghflt cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf]{Rr tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ / If]qsf] lxt ;+/If0f cfof]usf] jf 5fgljg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L ug]{5 / /fi6«kltn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg hgk|ltlglw;ef ;dIf
cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] cWoIf jf ;b:o kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/z k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug{]5 .
;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 . of]Uotf x'g'kg]{5M– sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] XII. dhb' / ls;fg cfof] u
-#_ cflbjf;L÷hghflt cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:o x'g sDtLdf -s_ cWoIfsf] xsdf g] k fn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k| f Kt dflgg] 5}g . @#%= dhb' / ls;fg cfof] u M !_ g] k fndf Ps ;+ 3 Lo
b; jif{ cflbjf;L÷hghflt xs lxt jf cflbjf;L÷hghflt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/]sf], @@^= dw] z L cfof] u sf] sfd, st{ J o / clwsf/ M -!_ dhb'/ ls;fg cfof]u x'g]5 h;df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj
ljsf; jf dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg -v_ rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], g]kfndf ePsf dw]zL ;DjGwL cWoog tyf cGj]if0f u/L / ;dfj]zLtfsf] cfwf/df dlxnf k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt
k'¥ofPsf] JolQm x'g'kg]{5 . -u_ pRr g}lts rl/q Pj+ ;fdflhs k|lti7f sfod ePsf] . To; ;DjGwdf ug{'kg{] pko'Qm ljifo ;d]t klxrfg ul/ x'g] u/L Pshgf cWoIf / cGo rf/ hgf ;b:ox¿
-$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf cflbjf;L÷hghflt cfof]usf] cWoIf -^_ ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{] . /xg]5g\ .
jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M– tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ / If]qsf] lxt ;+/If0f cfof]usf] @_ dw]zL ;d'bfosf] efiff ;F:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ Pj+ dw]zLsf] -@_ pkwf/f -#_ / -%_ sf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQmx¿ dWo]af6
-s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf, cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ pTyfg / ljsf;sf lglDt dw]zL lxt;+u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] :yfoL ;ldltn] l;kmfl/z u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ /fi6«kltn] ^
-v_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf, sfg'gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . /fli6«o gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df u/L sfo{Gjogsf jif{sf nflu dhb'/ ls;fg cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf]
-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf . -&_ ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]]z ug{] . ¿kdf lgo'lQm ug]{5 . lghx¿sf] yk Ps sfo{sfnsf
-%_ cflbjf;L÷hghflt cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o kbdf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ / If]qsf] lxt ;+/If0f cfof]usf] #_ dw]zL pTyfg tyf lxtdf ePsf ljz]if Joj:yf nufot nflu k'glgo'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 .
lgo'lQmsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf x'g'kg]{5 M– cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf dw]zL lxt ;+u ;DjlGwt k|rlnt sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L t/,
-s_ cWoIfsf] xsdf g] k fn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k| f Kt lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g] 5}g .t/,-s_ ckfËtf ¿kdf kfngf eP jf gePsf] ljifodf cg'udg u/L -s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g cufj} dhb'/ ls;fg cfo]fusf]
ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/]sf], ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo tyf kfngf jf sfo{Gjog gePsf] eP ;f] sf] kfngf jf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] pd]/ k};¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf lgh
-v_ rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], / lk5l8Psf ju{ / If]qsf] lxt ;+/If0f cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ sfo{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf ;'emfj lbg] . cfkm\gf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g .
-u_ pRr g}lts rl/q Pj+ ;fdflhs k|lti7f sfod ePsf] . cWoIfdf lgo'Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] $_ dw]zLnfO{ /fli6«o ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt ug{sf -v_ dhb'/ ls;fg cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf]{Rr
-^_ cflbjf;L÷hghflt cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd s'g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm nflu tyf /fHosf ;a} c+ux¿df ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf cbfntsf] GofofwL; ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg
/ ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg'gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd ePdf lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ Pj+ nfu" ul/Psf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;ldIff, cg'udg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .
x'g]5g\ . cflbjf;L÷hghflt cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:o ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 . tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ / ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu -#_ dhb'/ ls;fg cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:o x'g sDtLdf b;
cfkm\gf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L -v_ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ . jif{ dhb'/ ls;fg xs lxt jf dhb'/ ls;fg ju{sf]
kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ ablng] 5}gg\ . jf 5fgljg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L %_ sfg'g4f/f tf]lsPsf] cGo sfo{ ug{] . ljsf; jf clwsf/sf] If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf]
-&_ cflbjf;L÷hghflt cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/z k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ @@&= clwsf/ k| T ofof] h g M cfof] u n] cfkm\ g f] sfd, JolQm x'g'kb{5 .
JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ -$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf dhb'/ ls;fg cfof]usf] cWoIf jf
x'g] 5}g .t/, dflgg] 5}g . cfkm\gf] s'g} ;b:o jf ;b:ox¿sf] ;ldlt jf ;+3Lo jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M–
-s_ cflbjf;L÷hghflt cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm @@!= ckf·tf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+ V os Pj+ l;dfGts[ t k|fGtLo ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] clwgdf -s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
ug{ o; pkwf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] ;d' b fo tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ / If] q sf] lxt ;+ / If0f /xL k|of]u tyf kfngf ug]{ u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 . -v_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf,
adf]lhd s'g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] cfof] u sf] sfd , st{ J o / clwsf/ M !_ g]kfndf @@*= k|fb]lzs Joj:yf M k|fb]lzs ;DaGwL Joj:yf sfg'gåf/f -u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L ePsf ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ l;dfGts[t lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . -%_ dhb'/ ls;fg cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o lgo'lQmsf]
u0fgf ul/g]5 .-v_ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] ;d'bfo tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ / If]qsf] lxt ;+/If0f ;DjlGw @@(= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M k|To]s jif{ ;+3Lo dw]zL cfof]un] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf x'g'kg]{5 M–
cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fgljg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog tyf cGj]if0f ul/ To; ;DjGwdf ug{k' g{] pko'Qm cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z -s_ cWoIfsf] xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt
cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/z k]z ljifo ;d]t klxrfg ul/ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{] . ug]{5 / /fi6«kltn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg hgk|ltlglw;ef ;dIf ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/]sf],
ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf @_ ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug{]5 . -v_ rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ / If]qsf] pTyfg / ljsf; nufot @#)= d' l :nd cfof] u XI. d' l :nd cfof] u M -u_ pRr g}lts rl/q Pj+ ;fdflhs k|lti7f sfod
@!^= cflbjf;L÷hghflt cfof] u sf] sfd, st{ J o / lghx¿sf] lxt;+u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] /fli6«o gLlt tyf -!_ g]kfndf Ps ;+3Lo d'l:nd cfof]u x'g]5 h;df ePsf] .
clwsf/ M !_ g]kfndf ePsf cflbjf;L÷hghflt ;DjlGw sfo{qmdsf] th'{df u/L sfo{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / ;dfj]zLtfsf] cfwf/df / -^_ dhb'/ ls;fg cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf]
cWoog tyf cGj]if0f ul/ To; ;DjGwdf ug{'kg{] pko'Qm ;dIf k]]z ug{] . dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt x'g] u/L Pshgf cWoIf JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'lQm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fH"o
ljifo ;d]t klxrfg ul/ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; #_ ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo / cGo b'O{hgf ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ . x'g] 5}g .
ug{] . tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ / If]qsf] lxt ;+/If0f pTyfg tyf -@_ pkwf/f -#_ / -%_ sf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 t/,
@_ cflbjf;L÷hghfltx¿sf] efiff tyf ;F:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ Pj+ lxtdf ePsf ljz]if Joj:yf nufot lghx¿sf] lxt ;+u :yfoL ;ldltn] l;kmfl/z u/]sf JolQmnfO{ /fi6«kltn] 5 -s_ dhb'/ ls;fg cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm
tLlgx¿sf] pTyfg / ljsf;sf lgDtL cflbjf;L÷hghflt ;DjlGwt k|rlnt sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf kfngf eP jif{sf nflu d'l:nd cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] ug{ o; pkwf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f]
lxt;+u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] /fli6«o gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] jf gePsf] ljifodf cg'udg u/L kfngf jf sfo{Gjog ¿kdf lgo'lQm ug]{5 . lghx¿sf] yk Ps sfo{sfnsf adf]lhd s'g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf
th'{df u/L sfo{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]]z gePsf] eP ;f] sf] kfngf jf sfo{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn nflu k'g{lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 .t/,-s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{
ug{] . ;/sf/ ;dIf ;'emfj lbg] . cufj} d'l:nd cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] pd]/ k};¶L ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .
#_ cflbjf;L÷hghflt pTyfg tyf lxtdf ePsf ljz]if Joj:yf $_ ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo jif{ k"/f ePdf lgh cfkm\gf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g .-v_ -v_ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg,
nufot cflbjf;L÷hghflt lxt ;+u ;DjlGwt k|rlnt tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ / If]q ;DalGwt g]kfn kIf ePsf] d'l:nd cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] hf"ra'em jf 5fgljg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog
sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf kfngf eP jf gePsf] ljifodf cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kml/z k]z ug]{
cg'udg u/L kfngf jf sfo{Gjog gePsf] eP ;f] sf] g]kfnn] k7fpg' kg]{ k|ltj]bgsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 . s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf]
kfngf jf sfo{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf ;'emfj k7fP jf gk7fPsf] cg'udg ug]{ . -#_ d'l:nd cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:o x'g sDtLdf b; jif{ s'g} s'/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
lbg] . %_ ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo d'l:nd xs lxt jf d'l:nd ;d'bfosf] ljsf; jf dfgj @#^= dhb'/ ls;fg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
$_ cflbjf;L÷hghflt clwsf/ ;DalGwt g]kfn kIf ePsf] tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ / If]qnfO{ /fli6«o ljsf;sf] d"n clwsf/sf] If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] JolQm M -!_ g]kfndf ePsf dhb'/ ls;fg ;DjlGw cWoog tyf
cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd k|jfxdf ;dflxt ug{sf nflu tyf /fHosf ;a} c+ux¿df x'g'kg]{5 . cGj]if0f u/L To; ;DjGwdf ug{'kg]{ pko'Qm ljifo ;d]t
g]kfnn] k7fpg' kg]{ k|ltj]bgsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf Pj+ nfu" ul/Psf gLlt tyf -$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf d'l:nd cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] klxrfg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ .
k7fP jf gk7fPsf] cg'udg ug]{ . sfo{qmdsf] ;ldIff, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ / ;f]sf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf @_ dhb'/ ls;fg ju{sf] cj:yf ;d:of / ltgsf] ;dfwfg
%_ cflbjf;L÷hghfltnfO{ /fli6«o ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-v_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lghsf] ub}{ dhb'/ ls;fg ju{sf] pTyfg / ljsf;sf lgDtL
ug{sf nflu tyf /fHosf ;a} c+ux¿df ;dfg'kflts ug]{ . kbfjlw k"/f ePdf,-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf . dhb'/ ls;fg ju{sf] lxt;+u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] /fli6«o gLlt
;xeflutf Pj+ nfu" ul/Psf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;ldIff, ^_ sfg'g4f/f tf]lsPsf] cGo sfo{ ug{] . -%_ d'l:nd cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu tyf sfo{qmd th{'df u/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/
cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ / ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf @@@= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M cfof]un] cfkm\gf] sfd, st{Jo b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf x'g'kg]{5 M–-s_ cWoIfsf] xsdf ;dIf k]z ug]{ .
nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ . / clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ cfkm\gf] s'g} g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts -#_ dhb'/ ls;fg ju{sf] pTyfg tyf lxtdf ePsf ljz]if
^_ sfg'g4f/f tf]lsPsf] cGo sfo{ ug{] . ;b:o jf ;b:ox¿sf] ;ldlt jf ;+3Lo jf k|fGtLo pkflw k|fKt u/]sf],-v_ rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /-u_ Joj:yf nufot dhb'/ ls;fg ju{sf] lxt;+u ;DjlGwt
@!&= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M cfof]un] cfkm\gf] sfd, st{Jo ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] clwgdf /xL pRr g}lts rl/q Pj+ ;fdflhs k|lti7f sfod ePsf] . k|rlnt sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf kfngf eof] jf gePsf]
/ clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ cfkm\gf] s'g} k|of]u tyf kfngf ug]{ u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 . -^_ d'l:nd cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf ljifodf cg'udg ul/ kfngf jf sfof{Gjog gePsf] eP
;b:o jf ;b:ox¿sf] ;ldlt jf ;+3Lo jf k|fGtLo @@#= k|fb]lzs Joj:yf M k|fb]lzs ;DaGwL Joj:yf sfg'gåf/f cGo zt{x¿ sfg'gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . ;f] sf] kfngf jf sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf
;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] clwgdf /xL lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . -&_ d'l:nd cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;'emfj lbg] .
k|of]u tyf kfngf ug]{ u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 . @@$= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M k|To]s jif{ ;+3Lo ckfËtf ePsf ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g] 5}g .t/,- -$_ dhb'/–ls;fg ju{sf] clwsf/ ;DjlGw g]kfn kIf ePsf]
@!*= k|fb]lzs Joj:yf M :jfoQ /fHo ;DaGwL Joj:yf JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo tyf lk5l8Psf s_ d'l:nd cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm ug{ o; cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw–;Demf}tfdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd
sfg'gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . ju{ / If]qsf] lxt ;+/If0f cfof]un] cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfdsf] pkwf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd s'g} g]kfnn] k7fpg' kg]{ k|ltj]bgsf ;DjGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n]
@!(= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M k|To]s jif{ ;+3Lo cflbjf;L÷hghflt jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 / /fi6«kltn] ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlwsf] k7fP jf gk7fPsf] cg'udg ug]{ .
cfof]un] cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf -%_ dhb'/–ls;fg ju{dfly ePsf ;a} vfn] pTkL8gsf] cGTo
;dIf k]z ug]{5 / /fi6«kltn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg k|ltlglw;ef ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug{]5 . ul/g]5 .-v_ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] ul/ /fli6«o ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt ug{sfnflu
;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug{]5 . @@%= dw] z L cfof] u X. dw] ; L cfof] u M -!_ cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fgljg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] tyf /fHosf ;a} c+ux¿df ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf Pj+
@ @ ) = IX. ckf·tf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+ V os Pj+ g]kfndf Ps ;+3Lo dw]zL cfof]u x'g]5 h;df ;dfg'kflts cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/z k]z nfu' ul/Psf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;ldIff, cg'udg
l;dfGts[ t ;d' b fo, tyf lk5l8Psf] ju{ / If] q sf] k|ltlglwTj / ;dfj]zLtfsf] cfwf/df / dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf tyf d"Nof+sg ug]{ / ;f] sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf
lxt ;+/If0f cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps ;+3Lo ckfËtf ;' l glZrt x' g ] u/L Pshgf cWoIf / cGo b' O { h gf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ .
ˆ6 @)^& ;fn h]7 c;f/ !# ut] cfOtaf/
-^_ sfg'g4f/f tf]lsPsf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ . ;lsg]5 M /fli6«o ;]gf kl/rfng ePsf]df jfx]s k|fKt ug{] xs lgnDag ul/g] 5}g . jdf]lhd lgjf{lrt /fi6«kltn] jxfn of] ;+ljwfg jdf]lhdsf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgf
@#&= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M cfof]un] -s_= pkwf/f -@_= sf] v08 -s_ / - /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/; -*_ pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd o; ;+ljwfgsf] gubf{ ; Dd cfkmgf] kbdf jxfn ;lxtsf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] u7g
cfÏgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] 3_ df plNnlvt ljifosf ;lGw jdf]lhd ;]gf kl/rfng ;DjGwL s'g} wf/f lgnDag ul/Psf]df ;f] /xg]5g\ . Joj:yflksf ;+;bn] ug]5 { .
s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ cfÏgf] jf ;Demf} t f dWo] /fi6« n fO{ dGqLkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o Ps dlxgfleq wf/fn] k|bfg u/]sf] df}lns xssf] @%&= dlGqkl/ifb\ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ -@_ o; ;+ljwfgåf/f Joj:yf ul/Psf]
s'g} ;b:o jf ;b:ox¿sf] ;ldlt Jofks, uDeL/ jf bL3{sfnLg ;+ 3 Lo hgk| l tlglw;efsf] ljz] i f k|rngsf] nflu s'g} cbfntdf lgj]bg of] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] Psdlxgfleq :yfgLo lgsfosf] u7g geP;Dd xfn
jf ;+3Lo jf k|fGtLo ;/sf/sf] c;/ gkg]{ ;fwf/0f k|s[ltsf] ;'/Iff ;ldltdf k|:t't eO{ cg'df]bg lbg jf To; ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf hgk| l tlglw;efn] gof" dGqL ljBdfg :yfgLo lgsfox¿ oyfjt
sd{ r f/LnfO{ tf] l sPsf] zt{ s f] ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf x'g' kg]{5 . k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g . kl/ifbsf] u7g ug]5 { . o;/L ul7t sfod /xg]5g\ .
clwgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfngf ug]{ -v_= ;lGw–;Demf} t fsf] k| s [ l tn] -*_= g]kfnL /fli6«o ;]gf ;DjGwL cGo -(_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] 3f]if0ff jf ;/sf/ of] ;+ljwfg jdf]lhd csf]{ @^#= afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg] clwsf/
u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 . pkwf/f -@_ jdf] l hdsf] s'/fx¿ sfg"gdf pNn]v eP jdf]lhd cfb]z axfn /x]sf] cj:yfdf s'g} ;/sf/ u7g geP;Dd sfod M o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ljwflosfsf]
@#*= k|fb]lzs Joj:yf M :jfoQ /fHo cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf x'g]5 . kbflwsf/Ln] ablgot;fy s'g} sfd /xg]5 . lgjf{ r g eO{ ljwflosfsf] a} 7 s
;DjGwL Joj:yf sfg'g4f/f lgwf{/0f ;dy{g cfjZostf gkg]{ ePtf @%)= cGo ;' / Iff ;+ o Gq;DjGwL u/]af6 s;}nfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] Iflt @%*= Gofokflnsf ;DjGwL Joj:yf ga;];Dd of] ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog
eP jdf]lhd x'g]5 . klg ;lGwsf] k|fjwfg cg';f/ Joj:yf M -!_= k|x/L, cw{–;}lgs ePsf] /x]5 eg] lghn] ;f] 3f]if0ff jf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'bF fsf ug{ s'g} afwf c8\sfp k/]df dGqL
@#(= jflif{ s k| l tj] b g M k|To]s jif{ g} cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jn tyf u'Ktr/ ;+u7gsf] u7g, cfb]z ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] tLg avt sfod /x]sf] ;jf]R{ r cbfnt kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] To:tf]
;+3Lo dhb'/ ls;fg cfof]un] cfkm"n] jf ;dy{g cfjZos ePsf] ;+rfng / lgoGq0f tyf ltgsf] sfd dlxgfleq cfk"mnfO{ k/]sf] Iflt afkt of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 ;+3Lo afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg cfb]z hf/L
u/] s f] sfdsf] jflif{ s k| l tj] b g -u_= s'g} cGt/ ;/sf/L ;+u7gsf] sf/jfxL ;DjGwL Joj:yf sfg"g4f/f kLl8tn] Ifltk"lt{sf] bfaL u/]df ;jf]{Rr cbfnt x'g]5 / ;jf]{Rr ug{ ;Sg]5 / o:tf] cfb]z ;+3Lo
/fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug]5 { / /fi6«kltn] :yfkgf ug]{ jf To:tf] s'g} lgwf{/0f eP jdf]lhd x'g]5 . cbfntn] sfg"g adf]lhdsf] plrt cbfntsf ;Dk"0f{ d'2fx¿ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfjf6 Ps dlxgfleq
To:tf] k|ltj]bg hgk|ltlglw;ef ;+u7gsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug]{ . -@_= b]zdf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;Ldf ;'/Iff Ifltk"lt{ e/fOlbg / kL8snfO{ ;hfo ;jf]R{ r cbfntdf ;g]5 { g\ . ;+3Lo cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]5 { .
;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{5 . -$_= :jfoQ /fHox¿;+ u ;DjlGwt jn, cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff jn, jg ;'/Iff ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;jf]R{ r cbfntn] tL d'2fx¿ tTsfn efu– !*
efu–!@ ljifox¿df ePsf ;GwL jf jn, nf]sdfu{ ;'/Iff jn, u|fld0f -!)_ pkwf/f -!_ adf] l hd ul/Psf] k| r lnt sfg" g adf] l hd lsgf/f ljljw
/fli6« o lxtsf] ;+ / If0f / ;Demf} t fsf] xsdf ;+ 3 Lo ;' / Iff jn cflb k| 0 ffnLsf] ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf ug]5 { . @^$= lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u
cGt/f{ l i6« o ;DjGw hgk| l tlglw ;efsf cltl/Qm ljlzi7Ls/0f ul/g]5 , h;sf] Joj:yf cfb]z g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\sf] -@_ wf/f !^! adf]lhd k|fb]lzs pRr M ;+3Lo tyf k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfsf]
@$)= /fli6«o lxt / /fli6«o lxtsf] ;DjlGwt :jfoQ /fHosf] /fHo sfg"gdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ x'g]5 . l;kmfl/zdf /fi6«kd | v
' af6 ;f] 3f]if0ff cbfntsf] Joj:yf geP;Dd g]kfnsf] cfjlws lgjf{rg ug]{ k|of]hgsf]nflu
;+/If0f M -!_= b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, hgk|ltlglw;ef4f/f ;d]t ;f]xL -#_= ;+3Lo /fHok|0ffnLsf] cjwf/0ff / jf cfb]z axfn /x];Dd h'g;'s} avt cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# cGtu{t lgjf{ r g If] q lgwf{ / 0f ug{
:jfwLgtf / ef}uf]lns cv08tfsf] ljlw cg'¿k cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, dfGotf cg' ; f/ ;} G ojn ;+ 3 Lo lkmtf{ lng ;lsg]5 . ul7t k'g/fj]bg cbfntx¿ oyfjt dGqLkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn]
/Iff, /fi6«sf] :jtGqtf / klxrfg, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g ug{'kg]{5 . dfldnf x'g]5 eg] :jfoQ /fHox¿n] efu !^= sfod /xg] 5 g\ / o; Ps lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf]
ljljw hflt÷hghflt / If]qx¿sf] @$^== of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] Ps
@$^ cfcfÏg} k|x/Ljn, cw{–;}lgs jn jf ;+ l jwfg ;+ z f] w g ;+ljwfgadf]lhdsf] /fHo pRr cbfnt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5, h;sf] :j¿k, ;]jf
;xdlt / ;xsfo{ s f] cfwf/df jif{ leq ljutdf ePsf ;j} ;GwL– hgldlnl;of u7g / ;+ r fng @%%= -!_ /fli6«o :jfwLgtf, hgtfdf u7g ePkl5 k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ;'ljwf, sfo{ljlw, sfdst{Jo / clwsf/
/fli6« o Pstf, ;fdflhs tyf ;Demf}tfx¿sf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ug]{5g\ . lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf, u0ftGqfTds km5Øf}6{ x'g afFsL d'2fx¿ If]qflwsf/ sfg"gdf tf]lsP jdf]lhd x'g5 ] .
;f+:s[lts ljljwtf jLr P]Soj4tf, /fli6«o lxt k|lts'n /x]sf] ;GwL– @%!= ;} l gs ;] j f cfof] u sf] u7g M Joj:yf / ;f] k|fJwfg k|lts'n x'g] ldNg] /fHo pRr cbfntdf ;g]5 { g\ . @^%= g]kfnL b"t / ljz]if k|ltlglw M
;dfj] z L, ;dfg' k flts / ;Demf}tfx¿ vf/]h ug]{ / /fli6«o g]kfnL /fli6«o ;]gfsf] lgo'lQm / u/L of] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] /fHo pRr cbfntn] tL d'2fx¿ /fi6«kltn] g]kfnL b"t / s'g} vf;
;xeflutfd" n s hgtfsf] ;+ 3 Lo lxt cg' s ' n sf gof" ;GwL– kbf]Ggltsf] nflu sfg"gdf Joj:yf 5}g . tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k|of]hgsf]nflu ljz]if k|ltlglw lgo'Qm
u0ftGqfTds /fhg}lts Joj:yf, ;Demf}tfx¿ ug]{ sfd /fHon] ug]5 { . eP jdf] l hd Ps ;} l gs ;] j f -@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] cwLgdf /xL o; lsgf/f ug]5 { . ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L lgo'Qm ul/Psf
cfly{s ;d'Gglt / ;Dj[l4, ljleGg efu– !# cfof]usf] u7g ul/g]5 . ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wf/fnfO{ ;+zf]wg jf -#_ wf/f !^* adf] l hdsf] :yfgLo b"t / ljz]if k|ltlglwx¿sf] cg'df]bg
hfthflt, ju{, ln+u / ;d"xsf jLr /fli6« o ;' / Iff / ;] g f @%@= cGo M g]kfnL /fli6«o ;]gfsf] vf/] h ug] { ljw] o s ;+ 3 Lo cbfntsf] Joj:yf geP;Dd of] ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfaf6 x'gk' g]5 { .
;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfgtfdf @$&= /fli6« o ;' / Iffsf cfwf/x¿ cfoJoosf] n] v fk/LIf0f -cl86_ hgk|ltlglw;ef k|:t't ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'bF fsf avt sfod @^^= dfkmL M /fi6«kltn] h'g;'s} cbfnt,
cfwfl/t lje] b /lxt ;dtfd" n s M -!_= g]kfnsf] /fli6«o ;'/Iff g]kfnL ;+3Lo n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]un] ug]{5 . To:tf] ljw] o s g] k fn ;/sf/, /x]sf lhNnf cbfntx¿ oyfjt ljz]if cbfnt, ;}lgs cbfnt jf cGo
;dfhsf] lgdf{0f g]kfnsf] /fli6«o hgtfdf lglxt /xg]5 . g]kfnL efu–!$ tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] Go"gtd\ ;+Vofsf sfod /xg] 5 g\ . o; s'g} Goflos, cw{–Goflos jf k|zf;sLo
lxtsf cfwf/e"t ljifox¿ x'g]5g\ . hgtfn] cfÏgf r'lgPsf k|ltlglwx¿ /fhgLlts bn ;b:ox¿ jf s'g} :jfoQ /fHosf ;+ljwfgadf]lhdsf] :yfgLo cbfnt kbflwsf/L jf lgsfon] u/] s f]
-@_= b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tfdf dfkm{ t \ Joj:yf u/] s f ;' / Iff @%#= /fhg} l ts bn ;DjGwL ljwflosfaf6 k]z x'g ;Sg]5 . u7g ePkl5 lhNnf cbfntaf6 ;hfonfO{ ;+3Lo dGqL kl/ifb\sf]
jf ljleGg hflt, wd{ jf ;+ o Gqx¿ / ljlw4f/f g] k fnsf] Joj:yf M -!_ Hfgtfsf] ;+ 3 Lo t/ pkwf/f -!_ nfO{ ;+zf]wg ul/g] 5}g . km5Øf}6{ x'g afFsL d'2fx¿ If]qflwsf/ l;kmfl/;df dfkmL, d'ntjL, kl/jt{g
;Dk|bfosx¿sf jLrsf] ;';DjGwdf /fli6«o / k|lt/Iff k|Tofe"t ug]{5g\ . u0ftGq / jx'bnLo k|lt:kwf{nfO{ -#_ pkwf/f -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ldNg] :yfgLo cbfntdf ;g]{5g\ . jf sd{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
vnn kg] { , b] z sf] uf] K o tyf -@_ g]kfnsf ;j} /fli6«o ;'/Iff ;+oGqx¿ ;'lglZrt x'g] u/L bn vf]Ng / ePtfklg pkwf/f -!_ sf] cwLgdf :yfgLo cbfntn] tL d'2fx¿ tTsfn @^&= pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje"if0f M -
;+ j ] b gzLn ;" r gfx¿ cglws[ t lgjf{ l rt hgk| l tlglw ;+ : yf / bnsf ultljlwx¿ ;+ r fng ug{ /xL o; ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wf/fnfO{ k| r lnt sfg" g adf] l hd lsgf/f !_= /fi6«kltaf6 /fHosf tkm{af6 lbOg]
JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ r'xfj6 ug]{ To;jf6 lgld{ t sfo{ s fl/0fLsf] kfOg]5 . o; wf/f jdf]lhd vf]lnPsf ;+zf]wg jf vf/]h ug]{ ljifo hgdt ug]5 { . pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje"if0fx¿ k|bfg
/fi6« l xt k| l ts' n sf] sfo{ sfg" g lgMzt{ cwLg:y x'g]5g\ . /fhg} l ts bnx¿ ;dfj] z L ;+ux| af6 lg/f]k0f ug{ pko'Qm x'g] -$_ of] ;+ljwfgadf]lhd Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g5 ] g\ .
jdf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 . -#_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff / lxtnfO{ Wofgdf ;dfg'kflts x'gs ' f;fy} hgpQ/bfoL, egL tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] Go"gtd\ ;}lgs cbfnt / ;}lgs ljz]if cbfnt -@_= g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[lt k|fKt
-#_= g]kfnL /fli6«o lxt / dof{bf ljkl/t /fvL !* jif{ eGbf dflysf :j:y kf/bzL{ / cfGtl/s nf] s tGqn] ;+Vofsf ;b:ox¿n] k]z u/]sf] k|:tfj u7g geP;Dd k| r lnt gu/L g]kfnsf] s'g} gful/sn] s'g}
ul/g] s'6gLlts cfr/0f / sfo{x¿ gful/s ;j}nfO{ ;}lgs lzIff / ;lHht x'g'kg]{5 . ;+3Lo hgk|ltlglw;efsf] jx'dtaf6 sfg"gadf]lhd ul7t ;}lgs cbfnt ljb]zL d'ns ' sf] ;/sf/af6 k|bfg ul/g]
sfg"g jdf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5g\ . tflndsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -@_ /fhg}lts bn ;DjGwL cGo Joj:yf kfl/t ePdf To:tf] ljifodf hgdt / ;}lgs ljz]if cbfnt sfod /xg]5 pkflw, ;Ddfg jf lje"if0f u|x0f ug{
@$!= g] k fnsf] cGt/f{ l i6« o l;dfgf -$_ g] k fn ;j} k| s f/sf cf0fljs sfg"g4f/f lgwf{/0f u/] jdf]lhd ;+ux| af6 hgtfsf] /fo lng ;lsg]5 . / o; ;+ljwfgadf]lhdsf] ;}lgs x'b" g} .
M g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o l;dfgfsf] xftxltof/ljxLg d'n's x'g]5 . x'g]5 . -$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] hgdt cbfnt / ;}lgs ljz]if cbfnt u7g @^*= hgdt;+u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg]
;'/Iff, Joj:yfkg / l;df+sgsf] @$*= /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ M-!_= Effu !% ;+u|xaf6 ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wf/fnfO{ ePkl5 ;f] cbfntaf6 km5Øf}6{ x'g M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq Joj:yf
d'Vo lhDd]jf/L ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] g]kfnsf] ;du| /fli6«o ;'/Iff / ;+ s 6sfnLg Joj:yf ;+zf]wg jf vf/]h ug]{ ljifo s"n afFsL /x]sf d'2fx¿ o; cbfntdf ePsf]df jfx]s /fli6«o dxTjsf] s'g}
x'g]5 . k|lt/Iff ;DjGwL gLlt th{'df ug{ @%$= ;+ s 6sfnsf] 3f] i f0ff M -!_ ;b/ dtsf] ax'dtaf6 cg'df]bg ;g]5 { g\ . ;f] cbfntn] tL d'2fx¿ ljifodf hgdt ;+ux| af6 lg0f{o ug{
@$@= cGt/f{ l i6« o ;DjGw÷ljb] z tyf ;] g f nufot ;j} ;' / Iff g]kfn /fHosf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf ePdf pQm ljifodf :jtM ;+ljwfg tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cfjZos 5 egL ;+ 3 Lo
gLlt M ;+ o ' Q m /fi6« ; + 3 j8fkq, ;+oGqx¿sf] kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg jf s'g} efusf] ;'/Iffdf o'4, afXo ;+zf]wg ePsf] dflgg]5 . lsgf/f ug]5 { . hgk|ltlglw;efn] tTsfn sfod /x]sf
k+rzLntfsf] l;4fGt, c;+nUgtf, ug{ s f nflu dGqLkl/ifb\ / cfqmd0f, ;z:q ljb|fx] , r/d cfly{s -%_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljw]os -%_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'bF fsf avt sfod ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿sf] b'O ltxfO ;b:osf]
;dfgtf, /fli6«o lxt / kf/l:kl/s /fi6«kltnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfo ljz[ª\vntf, k|fs[lts ljklQ jf ;bgdf k|:t't ePsf] #) lbgleq /x] s f ;jf] { R r cbfntsf k| w fg jx'dtaf6 lg0f{o u/]df To:tf] ljifodf
nfesf cfwf/df l5d]sL nufot jdf] l hdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ dxfdf/Lsf] sf/0fn] uDeL/ ;Í6 ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzx¿ of] hgdt ;+ux| af6 lg0f{o lng ;lsg]5 .
;+:f/sf ;j} b]zx¿;+u d}qLk"0f{ /x]sf] Ps /fli6«o ;'/Iff–kl/ifb\ pTkGg ePdf g] k fn ;/sf/, ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf k|sfzg ug'k{ g]5 { . ;+ l jwfg k| f /De ePkl5 tLg -@_ pkwf/f -!_= jdf]lhdsf] k|lqmofaf6
;DjGw /flvg]5 . o; ljkl/tsf /xg]5 M dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df -^_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljw]os dlxgfleq k'glg{o'Qm ePdf afx]s lg0f{o lnOg] sfo{ljlw sfg"g4f/f
cGt/fli6« o ;DjGwx¿ sfg" g -s_= /fi6«klt – cWoIf /fi6«k|d'vn] g]kfn /fHoe/ jf s'g} s'g} :jfoQ /fHosf] ;Ldfgf kl/jt{g cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}gg\ . lgwf{/0f eP jdf]lhd x'g5 ] .
jdf]lhd jlh{t / b08gLo x'g]5g\ . -v_= /IffdGqL – ;b:o vf; If]qdf nfu" x'g] u/L ;Í6sfnLg / wf/f =====df plNnlvt :jfoQ -^_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'bF fsf avt sfod @^(= gful/s nf]skfnsf] Joj:yf M
@$#= ;lGw ;DkGg ug] { clwsf/ M -u_= u[xdGqL – ;b:o cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ jf cfb]z hf/L /fHosf] Psnf}6L clwsf/sf] ljifo;Fu /x]sf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf /fHosf] ;j} c+ u dfly cfd
-!_= s'g} ljb]zL /fi6« jf ;+3–;+:yf -3_= k//fi6«dGqL – ;b:o ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;DalGwt ePdf ;+ 3 Lo cbfntsf d' V o GofofwLz tyf gful/sx¿sf] cg'udg, lgu/fgL /
;+3 ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf ug]{ clwsf/ -ª_= cy{dGqL – ;b:o -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] 3f]if0ff hgk|ltlglw;efdf k|:t't ePsf] #) GofofwLzx¿ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x:tIf]k ;'lglZrt ug{ ljleGg txsf
;+3Lo ;/sf/df lglxt /xg]5 . -r_= /fi6«kltjf6 dgf]lgt b'O hgf jf cfb]z ;f] cfb]z ePsf] ldltn] lbgleq :jfoQ /fHosf ePkl5 /fHo txsf ;+oGqx¿ u7g gful/s nf]skfnsf] Joj:yf sfg"g
-@_= :jfoQ /fHonfO{ k|ToIf c;/ kg]{ – ;b:o Ps dlxgfleq cg'df]bgsf] nflu hgk|ltlglw;efsf] ;xdltsf nflu ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq jdf]lhd ul/g]5 .
jf :jfoQ /fHosf] If]qflwsf/ leqsf] -@_= /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\n] cfÏgf] j}7sdf ;+3Lo ljwflosfdf k]z ul/g]5 . k7fpg' kg]5 { . k'glg{oQ ' m ePdf afx]s cfˆgf] kbdf @&)= ;dfj] ; Ltfsf cfwf/x¿
ljifodf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf ubf{ ;+3n] cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo JolQmnfO{ -#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd cg'df]bgsf] t/ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] axfn /xg] 5}gg\ . ;DjGwdf M -!_= /fHosf ;j} lgjf{lrt
;DjlGwt /fHosf] k/fdz{ lng]5 . cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . nflu k]z ePsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ljw]os s'g} lglZrt :jfoQ /fHosf] @%(= ljwflosL clwsf/ M -!_ o; lgsfox¿df pTkLl8t hflt÷hghflt,
@$$= ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf ug{ g;lsg] -#_= /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf ;lrj ;+3Lo ;+3Lo ljwflosfdf tTsfn sfod dfq ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ;+ l jwfg adf] l hdsf] ;+ 3 Lo If]q, ln+u / ;d'bfosf cltl/Qm
M b]xfosf] ljifodf s'g} ;lGw jf ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] ;+3Lo k|zf;g /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] slDtdf ePdf ;DalGwt :jfoQ /fHosf] hgk|ltlglw;efsf] k|yd clwj]zg ;fdflhs–cfly{s ju{ / pd]/sf] klg
;Demf}tf ul/g]5}g M ;]jfsf] ljlzi7 >]0fLsf] clws[t b'O{–ltxfO ax'dtn] cg'df]bg u/]df hgk|ltlglw;efsf] ;xdlt kof{Kt ga;];Dd g]kfnsf] ljwflosL clwsf/ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTjsf]
-s_= g]kfn /fHosf] l;dfgf ;+s'lrt x'g]5 . 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ePsf] ldltn] tLg x'g5] . Joj:yflksf–;+ ; bsf] x} l ;otn] Joj:yf sfg"g jdf]lhd ul/g]5 .
ug] { jf /fHosf] k| f b] l zs -$_= /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] sfdnfO{ dlxgf;Dd nfu" /xg]5 . -&_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd ;xdltsf nflu jt{dfg ;+ljwfg;efn] g} k|of]u ug]5 { . -@_= k|jf;df /x]sf g]kfnL gful/sx¿nfO{
cv08tfdf k|lts'n c;/ kg]{, k| e fjsf/L ¿kdf ;~rfng ug{ -$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd ljwflosfdf k]z ePsf] ljw]os ax'dt :jfoQ -@_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x'bF fsf avt sfod k|jf;jf6} dtbfg ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf
-v_= g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf kl/ifb\sf] ;lrjfnodf cfjZostf cg'df]bgsf] nflu k]z ePsf] 3f]if0ff /fHosf hgk| l tlglw;efn] tLg /x]sf] Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno ul/g]5 .
/ /fli6«o Pstfdf vnn ug]{, cg';f/ ljleGg pk;ldltx¿ u7g jf cfb] z pkwf/f -#_ adf] l hd dlxgfleq tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{{ / ;f] ;lrjfnodf sfo{/t kbflwsf/L @&!= jfwf c8\sfp km'sfpg] clwsf/
-u_= ;+ljwfgsf] k|lts'n x'g], ug{ ;lsg]5 . cg'df]bg gePdf ;f] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ;b:ox¿sf] ax'dtaf6 :jLs[t jf / sd{rf/L o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd M /fi6«kltn] of] ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog
-3_= g] k fnsf] k| f s[ l ts >f] t / -%_= /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ ;DjGwL cGo :jtM lgliqmo ePsf] dflgg]5 . c:jLs[t u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;+3Lo sfod x'g] ;+;b ;lrjfno / lgo'lQm ug{ s'g} jfwf c8\sfp k/]df To:tf]
;fwgsf] pkof]uaf6 k|fKt x'g] Joj:yf sfg"g4f/f lgwf{/0f eP -%_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yf cem} ljwflosfdf k7fpg' kg]5 { . ePsf kbflwsf/L / sd{ r f/L jfwf c8\sfp km'sfpg cfb]z hf/L
nfedf g]kfnnfO{ t'ngfTds jdf]lhd x'g]5 . ljBdfg 5 egL pkwf/f -#_ t/ s'g} :jfoQ /fHosf] hgk|ltlglw;ef dflgg]5g\ . ug{ ;Sg]5 / o:tf] cfb]z ;+3Lo
¿kdf sd nfe k|fKt x'g]5 . @$(= g] k fnL /fli6« o ;] g f ;DjGwL adf]lhdsf] Dofb e'Qmfg gx'Fb} ;+3Lo lj36g ePsf] cj:yf /x]5 eg] To:tf] @^)= ;+ j } w flgs lgsfo / hgk|ltlglw;efaf6 Ps dlxgfleq
@$%= ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, Joj:yf M -!_= g] k fnsf] ljwflosfdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf hgk|ltlglw;ef u7g eO{ klxnf] a}7s kbflwsf/Lx¿ ;DaGwL Joj:yf cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]5 { .
;lDdng, :jLs[ l t jf ;dy{ g M ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf, :jtGqtf / ;Dk" 0 f{ ;b:o ;+ V ofsf] slDtdf a;]sf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq :jLs[t M -!_ of] ;+ l jwfg hf/L ePsf] efu !(=
-!_= g]kfn /fHo jf g]kfn ;/sf/ /fli6«o Pstfsf] /Iff tyf /fli6«o b'O{ltxfO ax'dtn] k|:tfjåf/f lg0f{o jf c:jLs[t u/L k7fpg' kg]5 { . ltgdlxgfleq ;+jw} flgs lgsfo / kl/efiff, ;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De /
kIf x' g ] ;lGw jf ;Demf} t fsf] ljsf; / lgdf{0f sfo{sf]nflu g]kfnL u/L csf{] Ps k6s tLg dlxgfdf -*_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] kbflwsf/Lx¿ sf] k' g lgo" { l Qmsf] vf/]hL
cg' d f] b g, ;lDdng, :jLs[ t jf /fli6«o ;]gfsf] Ps ;+u7g x'g]5 . ga9fO{ ;f] k| : tfjdf tf] l sPsf] :jfoQ /fHosf] hgk|ltlglw;efsf] Joj:yf Joj:yflksf ;+;bn] ug]5 { . @&@= kl/efiff M -!_ ljifo jf k|;Ën]
;dy{ g sfg" g åf/f lgwf{ / 0f eP -@_= j[xb\ zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] cfwf/df cjlwsf] nflu ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] ;xdlt cfjZos gkg]{ ljw]os jf -@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'bF fsf avt sfod csf{] cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+ljwfgdf,–-
jdf]lhd x'g]5 . g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nf]stfGqLs/0f / 3f]if0ff jf cfb]zsf] Dofb a9fpg pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd :jfoQ /fHosf /x] s f ;+ j } w flgs lgsfox¿ o;} s_ æwf/fÆ eGgfn] of] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f
-@_= pkwf/f -!_= jdf]lhd sfg"g jgfp"bf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ;dfof]hg u/L ;Sg]5 . hgk|ltlglw;efaf6 ;xdlt k|fKt ;+ljwfg adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] dflgg] ;Demg' k5{ .-v_ ægful/sÆ eGgfn]
cGo s' / fsf] cltl/Qm b] x fosf ;dfj];L ;dfg'kflts / nf]stflGqs -^_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;Í6sfnLg ePsf] ljw] o s ;+ 3 Lo 5g\ / k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd tL g]kfnsf] gful/s ;Demg' k5{ .-u_
ljifosf ;lGw jf ;Demf} t fsf] l;4fGt cg'¿ksf] /fli6«o :j¿ksf] cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ePkl5 hgk|ltlglw;efdf ;f] ;bgsf] tTsfn lgsfox¿df ljrf/fwLg /x] s f æljw]osÆ eGgfn] ;+3Lo jf k|fb]lzs
cg' d f] b g, ;lDdng, :jLs[ t jf g]kfnL /fli6«o ;]gfsf] u7g x'g]5 . To:tf] cj:yfsf] lgjf/0f ug{ g]kfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ljifox¿nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg o; ljwflosfdf k]z ePsf] P]gsf] d:of}bf
;dy{g ;+3Lo hgk|ltlglw;efsf] -#_= /fi6«klt g]kfnL /fli6«o ;]gfsf] ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df sDtLdf b' O { l txfO{ ;b:ox¿sf] ;+ljwfgn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . ;Demg' k5{ .-3_ ækfl/>ldsÆ eGgfn]
tTsfn sfod /x] s f ;Dk" 0 f{ k/dflwklt x'g]5 . /fi6«k|d'vn] cfjZos cfb]z hf/L ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf /fi6«kd | v
' sf] @^!= jt{dfg sfg"g nfu" /xg] M -!_ tna, eQf, lgj[lQe/0f / cGo s'g}
;b:ox¿sf] b'O ltxfO jx'dtn] -$_= g] k fnL /fli6« o ;] g fsf] ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L hf/L ePsf] :jLs[ltsf nflu k]z ul/g]5 . ;+ljwfg;efåf/f eP u/]sf lg0f{o / lsl;dsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf ;d]t
ug{'kg]{ zt{ /flvg]5 M k| w fg;] g fkltsf] lgo' l Qm cfb]z ;Í6sfnLg cj:yf axfn -(_ /fi6«kd | v
' n] pkwf/f -*_ adf]lhd sfd sf/afxL of] ;+ l jwfg;F u ;Demg' k5{ .-ª_= ……j[xb\ zflGt ;Demf}tfÚÚ
-s_= zflGt / d}qL dGqLkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] /x];Dd sfg"g ;/x nfu" x'g]5 . :jLs[ltsf nflu k]z ePsf] ljw]os gaflemPsf] xb;Dd o;} ;+ljwfg eGgfn] @)^# ;fn d+;L/ % ut]
-v_= ;'/Iff Pj+ ;fdl/s ;DjGw ug]{5 . -&_ g] k fn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\ s f] k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5g\ . tTsfnLg g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -
-u_= g]kfnsf] /fHosf] l;dfgf / -%_= k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] kbd'lQm sfg"gdf l;kmfl/;df /fi6«k|d'vaf6 pkwf/f - :jLs[t ug]5 { . -@_ of] ;+ljwfg nfu" x'bF fsf avt sfod dfcf]jfbl_ jLr ;DkGg ;Demf}tf
-3_= k|fs[lts >f]t tyf To;sf] Joj:yf eP jdf]lhd dGqLkl/ifb\n] !_ adf]lhd ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] efu !& /x]sf sfg"gx¿ vf/]h of ;+zf]wg ;Demg'k5{ .-@_ ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{
pkof]usf] jf"8kmf"8 ug{ ;Sg]5 . 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ul/+bf ;f] 3f]if0ff ;+ q md0fsfnLg Joj:yf geP;Dd sfod /xg]5g\ . cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+ljwfgdf JoQm
-#_= pkwf/f -@_= df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] -^_= g]kfnL /fli6«o ;]gfsf] kl/rfng, jf cfb]z axfn /x];Ddsf] nflu @%^= /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«klt ;DaGwL t/ of] ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] sfg"g of] ePsf s'/fx¿sf] cwLgdf /xL sfg"g
ePtf klg b]xfosf] ljifosf] ;lGw lgoGq0f, ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg efu # df Joj:yf ePsf df}lns Joj:yf M of] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] hgk|ltlglw;efsf] JofVof ;DaGwL k| r lnt sfg" g L
jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP jdf]lhd dGqL xsx¿dWo] wf/f === df pNn]lvt Ps dlxgfleq ;+ 3 Lo klxnf] a}7s a;]sf] ldltn] Ps jif{kl5 Joj:yf g]kfn sfg"gsf] JofVofdf nfu"
:jLs[ l t jf ;dy{ g ;+ 3 Lo kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] xsx¿ lgnDag ug{ ;lsg]5 . hgk| l tlglw;efn] /fi6« k lt / aflemPsf] xb;Dd :jtM cdfGo x'g5 ] . eP ;/x o; ;+ljwfgsf] JofVofdf
hgk|ltlglw;efsf] j}7sdf pkl:yt ug]{5 . t/ wf/f === adf]lhd ;+jw} flgs pkrf/sf] pk/fi6|kltsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ 5 . o;/L @^@= :yfgLo lgsfo ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ klg nfu" x'g5 ] .
;b:ox¿sf] ;fwf/0f jx'dtjf6 ug{ -&_= k|fs[lts ljklQ k/]sf] sf/0fn] g]kfnL xs / aGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf] pkrf/ lgjf{ l rt /fi6| k lt of] ;+ l jwfg of] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] ltg dlxgfleq ;dfKt
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k|ToIf ;xefuL JolStx¿nfO{ klg ul/PsL rf}dfnf–& /fhLk'/sL jf;'bj] L cfˆgf] sfd h;/L u/]klg To;kl5 pgL 5 . xfdL g]kfnLnfO{ klg To;n] g5'g] s'/} ePg . b'lgofFsf] eGbf xfd|f]
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hgo'4sf] qmddf ;/sf/L kIfaf6 a]OdfgL / e"m6 k|rf/ lsg klg xf] eg]
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/fhtGqsf] kIfdf dfcf]jfbLsf lj?4 if8\oGqsf] v]tL dfq xf] .
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hf]ufpg n8\g] b'a} ;lxb x'g g;Sg] PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL gful/s kf6L{ <
pQ/ l;wf 5 . pgLx¿sf] ljrf/df - jf;'bj] LnfO{ xnf] hf]t/] ;fdflhs dfGotf pgL;Fu} wgu9Ldf 5g . cfdf;Fu} eGg] s'/f ;a} bnsf zLif{ g]t[Tjn] dgg ug}{k5{ / To;nfO{ Jojxf/df nfu"
hgcfjfh /x]sf] 5 . …o;n] ;lxb lj/f]wL sfo{ u/]sf] eGb} sfnf]df];f] bn]/ cf]/s] sf] ;+/If0fdf a;]sL pgLx¿n] klg u/fP/ b]vfpg lxrlsrfpg' x'Fb}g . cf]7 elQmsf] ¿kdf zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf]
zAbs} ckdfg eof] . oyfl:yltnfO{ !_ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] lj36g, -@_
jfOl;Pnsf] cw{;G} o ;+/rgfsf] eË / h'Qfsf] dfnf nufP/ ufpF lgsfnf ufpFnn ] ] cfk"mx¿nfO{ s'6lk6 u/]sf] gf/fnfO{ cufl8 ;f/]/ To;n] d"t¿ { k k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . g]kfnL hgtfn] a'‰g]
hf]ufO /fVg] / cu|udgdf hfg ul/Psf] lyof] . rf}dfnsf] k|x/Ln] klg atfOg . ljleGg ;+ 3 , ;+ : yfsf] u/L bnx¿aLr ;xdlt / ;xsfo{ x'g h?/L 5 . clxn] d'n's k|wfgdGqL
rfxg]aLrsf] n8fOFdf dfl/Psf / -#_ sAhf ul/Psf] ;DklQsf] lkmtf{ .
ca ljrf/ u/f}F g t s] oL ;t{x¿ dnfO{ ;xof]u u/]g pgn] elgg >Ldfg tflndaf6 x/]s s'/fdf ;r]t ag]sL dfwj g]kfnsf] /fhLgfdfsf] k|tLIffdf 5 . k|wfgdGqLsf] cleJolQm x]bf{ ca
dfg{ x ¿ b' j } ;lxb aGg g;Sg] d/]sf] 5}g ;]tf] sk8f nufpF5f} ltdL jf;'bj] Ln] 5fpk8L k|yfsf] klg lj/f]w s]xL lbgdf pgn] /fhLgfdf lbg] kSsf 5 . of] ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] Ps jif]{
cfdwf/0ff /x]sf] 5 . kl/jt{gsf dfcf]jfbL PSn}n] k"/f ug{ ;S5 < s]
hgd'lQm ;]gf dfcf]jfbL PSn}n] lj36g h:tfnfO{ o:t} x'gk' 5{ Ps k|x/Ln] ub{} cfPsL lyOg . ;Dejt log} sf/0f sfo{sfndf s]xL pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;s]g . d'n's oyfl:yltd} /lx/Xof],
nflu dg{]x¿ ;lxb ePkl5 To;sf] xsf/] . t/ cfk"mn] >Ldfg;Fusf] klg pgL ufpFn] aLr cnf]slk|o lyOg Ps sbd cufl8 a9]g . dfwj g]kfnsf] /fhLgfdfsf] ufO{uO' ; +{ uF } km]l/ g]kfnL
lj?4 nfUg]x¿ / kl/jt{gsf nflu ug{ ;S5 < olb ;S5 eGg] xf] eg]
;/sf/nfO{ klg k|ltk|Zg u/f}F g, s] ;DjGwsf sf/0f ;]tf] s'tf{ ;'?jfn cf]/]ssL a;GtL rf}w/Ln] elgg hgtfnfO{ wf]vf lbg] u/L ax'dtLo ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf] s;/t x'Fb}5 . o;df
nfu]sfnfO{ dfg{]x¿ ;lxb geP/ gnufPsf] pgn] atfOg . dnfO{ ;+3 To;}sf/0f klg ufpFn] Ps eP/ pgL ljz]ifu/L g]kfnL sfFu|]; a9\bf hf]8 u/L nfu]sf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] k'li6
xTof/f x'g] ;j{dfGo l;4fGt 5 . ;/sf/n] rfxFbd} f jf lg0f{o ub}d{ f g]kfnL
;]gfsf] lj36g x'g ;S5 < To;sf/0f ;+:yfn] lbPsf] sk8f xf] d}n] Tof] ;wF} dfly vlgP . jf;'bj] Ln] sf/jfxLsf] dfu sfFu|];leq b]lvPsf] s6fIfn] g} u/]sf] 5 . /fdrGb| kf}8]n / z]/axfb'/
;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] lj?4 ToxL nufpFb} cfPsL 5' . kfFr s¶f ub}{ dxfb]s l8NnL kf08], pgsL >LdtL b]pjfaLr b]lvPsf] v6k6n] sfFu|];leqsf] ;QflnK;fnfO{ k'li6 ub{5 .
Pdfn] – sfF u | ] ; sf] ;+ / If0fdf /x] / hgd' l Qm ;] g fsf] ;dfof] h g /
Joj:yfkgsf] s'/f p7]sf] xf] . To;sf P]nfgL hUuf 5 >Ldfg 3/df lyPgg eujtL, OGb|f s'jF /, df]tL x's,] /gf{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ps jif]{ Dofb ykdf tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt x'Fbf kfFr lbgleq
;LcfO{8L ;'/fsL ug]{ / k|x/L;Fu} uP/ kfgL kbf{ ljp /fVgnfO{ xn uf]? lnP/ jf]u6L, gd{bf ljs, s'df/L ljs, OGb|f k|wfgdGqL dfwj g]kfnsf] /fhLgfdf cfpg] ;xdlt ag]s} xf] eg]/ dfcf]jfbLn]
3/3/df anfTs{/ ug{], xTof ug{] nflu t /fli6«o ;xdlt dfq} Ps dfq
clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] . ljgljg cyf{t\ ;a}n] v]tdf bfFtL -df]xL_ nufP, 5f]/Ln] klg ljs, t]h] 9f]nL / /fdaxfb'/ 9f]nLsf elg/x]sf] 5 . t/, sfFu|];, Pdfn]x¿ pQm ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{
sfo{df k|ToIf ;+nUgx¿nfO{ ;lxb ;xof]u u/L To;}sf/0f ufpF 5f]8g afWo gfddf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf hfx]/L lxrlsrfO/x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] dtna sfFu|]; cfˆgf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ aGg]
3f]if0ff u/]/ cfˆgf] k|ltufdL rl/q lhTg] l;4fGtcg';f/ ;]gf ;dfof]hg
k|lqmofdf hfg'k5{ . s;nfO{ yfxf 5}g, eP pgn] elgg . xfdL v]tsf] sfd lbPsL 5 Uof/]G6L geP;Dd oxL ;/sf/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg rfxG5 . To;sf/0f klg
emg pbfËf] kf/]sf] cfd gful/ssf] dfwj g]kfnsf] /fhLgfdf cfpg l9nf eO/x]sf] xf] .
wf/0f /x]sf] 5 . of] k|lqmofdf ;xdlt geP;Dd ;]gf tL ;DklQsf] lkmtf{ s;n] ug]{ < Tolt ef/tLo===
;dfof]hg x'g ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f < csf]{ dfq xf]Og, /fHosf] k|fs[lts ;DklQ, k|wfgdGqL g]kfnn] /fhLgfdf lbPkl5 k'gM ax'dtLo ;/sf/ u7gsf] v]n
jfOl;Pn==== u|fxsn] ljb]zL sk8f / cGo ;fdfg ;'? ePdf d'ns ' n] lgsf; kfpg ;Sb}g . gofF ;+ljwfg / zflGt :yfkgfsf]
s'/f /fi6«sf] sfg'g / ;+ljwfgn] dfGotf hUuf, hldgx¿nfO{ klg ljleGg ?rfpg] u/]sfn] ?lrcg';f/sf ;fdu|L
PsLs[t ?s'd ljsf; of]hgfnfO{ jf j}wtf k|bfg ul/;s]sf] / ;/sf/L JolQmx¿, ck/fwLx¿, n'6/] f / hUuf k|lqmof lgisif{df gk'u];Dd ;xdlts} ;/sf/ aGg'k5{ . ;+ljwfg;efdf
cfufdL tLg jif{ leq sfof{Gjo ug]{ /fhwfgL / wgu9Lnufotsf If]qaf6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{ bnx¿sf] 5 . cfk;L ;xdlt / ;xsfo{df g]t[Tj rog ug{
eQf vfO/x]sf] hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ t:s/x¿n] n'6s ] } 5g\, To;sf] lkmtf{ oxfF lgof{t ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ls;fg
of]hgfsf ;fy lhNnf kl/ifb\af6 kf; dfcf]jfbLsf dfq ;]gf jf n8fs' x'g s;n] ug]{ < /fHosf] e|i6frf/ u/L ;lsG5 . To;sf] nflu ;a} bnx¿n] cf–cfˆgf] x}l;otcg';f/sf] e"ldsf
u/]sf] pxfFn] atfpg'eof] . hgtfsf] g]tf eLdbQ kGtsf] g'gsf08n] ;d]t lgjf{x u/] k'U5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn dfcf]jfbLnfO{ /fli6«o
eG7fGg] u}/dfcf]jfbL u7aGwgsf] ;+sL0f{ JolQmut¿kdf s'DNofOPsf] ;DklQ rrf{ kfPsf] o; ahf/df !))
ljsf; k|ltsf] rfxgfnfO{ k'/f ug{ lrGtg g} b]zsf nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] s;n] lkmtf{ ug]{ < oL cd"t{ s'/fx¿ ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ug{ lbP/ cGo bnx¿n] zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fk|ltsf]
PsLs[t ?s'd ljsf; cleofg cl3 eGbfa9L k;n ;~rfngdf /x]sf cfˆgf] k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . ca x'g] ;Qf kl/jt{gsf] v]ndf s;}n]
3fts 5 . olb hgd'lQm ;]gfn] x'g\ / Kofs]hdf dfq oL s'/fx¿sf] 5g\ . ljB'o / ;~rf/ ;'ljwf k'u]sf]
;f/]sf] pxfFsf] egfO{ 5 . pxfFn] PsLs[t u}/dfcf]jfbL u7aGwgsf] ;+sL0f{ lrGtg ;dfwfg lgl:sg ;S5 . s'g} Pp6f bnn] lhtg] / s;}n] xfg]{ x'g'x'Fb}g . ;a}n] lhTg] /fhgLlts v]naf6 cufl8 a9\g
ljsf; cleofgnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ ;s] o; If]qdf xfn;Dd kSsL sfnf]kq] ;Sg'k5{ . ljZjskdf h:tf] s;}n] xfg]{ / s;}n] lhTg] jftfj/0f g]kfnsf]
g} b]zsf nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] 3fts elglbFbd} f jf lg0f{o ub}d{ f ;d:of ;8s gaGbf Jofkf/Lx¿ jiff{ofddf
?s' d ] n L hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df 5 . olb hgd'lQm ;]gfn] ;]gf ;dfof]hg ;dfwfg x'bF g} . To;sf nflu t /fHo /fhgLltdf tTsfnsf] nflu xflgsf/s 5 . To;}n] ;a}n] lhTg] af6f] klxNofpg
kl/jt{g cfpg] atfpg'eof] . k'/fgf lhNnfsf] cGo If]qaf6 ;Dk{sljR5]b ;a} bn Pstfa4 eP/ nfUg'sf] ljsNk 5}g .
k|lqmofdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] t'ngfdf alnof], lgikIf / Goflos aGg'k5{ clg eP/ a:g'k/]sf] u'gf;f] ;'gfP .
;+;b\jfbL bnx¿n] jfO{l;Pn lj36g cfk"mnfO{ ckdflgt ul/Psf] dx;'; dfq /fli6«o ;xdlt;lxt PsLs[t [email protected]
ug]{ s'ts{ cufl8 ;f/]sf] k|lt cfqmf]z df};dcg';f/ oxfFsf Jofkf/Ln] ?=
u¥of] / ;Ddfghgs ;dfof]hg ePg sfo{of]hgfsf cfwf/df sfof{Gjogdf tLgnfvb]lv ?= kfFrnfv;Ddsf]
JoQm ub}{ g]tf zdf{n] eGg'eof]–hgtfn]
r'gfjaf6 ef]6 xfn]/ k7fpFbf;Dd s]
sf] cw{ ;}Go x'g ;S5 xfd|f] jfOl;Pn .
eg] Tolta]nf b]zsf P= dfcf]jfbL;lxt
;a} bnn] ;xdlt u/] klg ;]gf ;dfof]hg
k|lqmofn] ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g eGg]
hfg ;Sg'k5{ . bnsf g]tfx¿ …xftsf]
df5f 5f8]/ b'nfdf xftÚ eg]h:t} cfˆgf]
k6d"vt{ fsf] k|bz{g ul//x]sf 5g\ .
;fdfg laqmL ug] { u /] s f] atfP .
;/sf/n] ahf/nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ Ps w'kL a]r/] k9fO{ vr{
lsg eg] o'jf ;+u7g ;a}sf 5g\ xfd|f] bzscl3 l;6L Knflgª u/] klg tfKn]hª' . tfKn]hË' lhNnfsf] pQ/L lng afnaflnsfsf] nflu clns ;xh
tYonfO{ ;a}n] :jLsfg'{ h?/L 5 . To;sf/0f ;a} s'/fsf] ;dfwfg zflGt k"0f{¿kdf ahf/sf] ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] uflj; 3'G;fsf clwsf+z ljBfno hfg] 5 . pgLx¿ 3'G;fb]lv Psf b'O{
x'g' klg s'g} gf}nf] s'/f xf]Og . . o'jf lsgeg] ;]gf ;dfof]hg t km]l/ csf]{ / ;+ljwfg xf] eg]/ To;nfO{ k|fKt ug]{
ljgf ljsf; ;Dej gx'g] eGb} pxfFn] 5}g . ef/tLo P;P;aLn] u|fxsnfO{ pd]/sf afnaflnsf :yfgLo hËndf lsnf]ld6/ If]qsf] hËnaf6 ;+sng u/]/
;Defljt ljb|fx] / /QmkftnfO{ /f]Sgsf dfWod /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ xf] . ;fdfg n}hfg cj/f]w a]nfavt kfOg] w'kL a]r/] k9fO{ vr{ h'6fpg] NofpF5g\ :yfgLo 7'nf] 808' z]kf{n] eg] .
clwsf+z o'jfx¿ ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df nflu ul/g] xf] . ;dfof]hgsf] nIo t /fli6«o ;xdltnfO{ cf3ft kfg]{ /
;lqmo x'gk' g]{ atfpg'eof] . lbg]u/]sfn] slxn]sfxLF Jofkf/Ln] k};f u/]sf 5g\ . z]kf{ ;d'bfosf] afx'Notf slxn]sfxLF afa'cfdf;Fu 6f9f klg hfG5g\
zflGtk"0f{ Joj:yfkg xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ b]znfO{ k"/} jf/kf/sf] w|j' Ls/0fdf n}hfg p7fpg 3'; lbFb}cfPsf] atfP . /x]sf] of] If]qdf phf{oS' t df6f] / Jofkf/ t/ clwsf+z afnaflnsf ;fyL ldn]/
laxLaf/ ePsf] lhNnf kl/ifb\ ;+3Lo w]/n} ] a'em]s} 5}gg\ . hgd'lQm ;]gfn] a? rfxg]x¿af6 /fli6«otfsf] hu]gf{ x'g
nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf kl5sf] cfTd=== u/L cfDbfgL x'g] ;|ft] gePsf sf/0f glhs} hfg] u/]sf 5g\ . 7"nfn] ;fgfnfO{
d[ T o' n fO{ :jLsf/ ug{ ;S5 t/ ;Sb}g / ;d:ofsf] ;xL ;dfwfg klg oxfFsf afnaflnsf hËndf kfOg] w'kL xfF u f sf6L lbg] / Pscfk;df
t]>f] ?s'd lhNnf kl/ifb\df @)^&÷)^* cfTd;dk{0fnfO{ :jLsfg{ ;Sb}g . pm cfk"m x'g ;Sb}g . ;+ljwfg;ef hLljt x'bF f;Dd g]skf Pdfn];Fu ePsf] k|:6 kfb}{
sf] cg'dflgt gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf jh]6 cWoIf n]vLn] clxn] klg Ps efiff / a]r/] k9fO vr{ h'6fpg afWo ePsf ldtJooLsf ;fy ef/L nufP/ ;xof]u
/fli6«o ;]gf aGg] s'/fdf k|lta4 5, /fli6«o ;xdlts} vf]hL ul/g' a'l4dfgL x'g\ . :yfgLo ljBfnosf] sIff % df ug{] k|rng klg afnaflnsfdf 5 z]kf{n]
ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf #$ k|ltzt sld bnLo ;]gfsf] dgf]lj1fgaf6 pmdfly x'G5 . ;+ljwfg;efrflxF ;a}nfO{ rflxg] e]ifsf] cfwf/df d'n'snfO{ rnfpg
k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . :yfgLo lhNnf vf]lh/x]sf]df cfklt k|s6 u/] . pgn] cWoog/t lªdf z]kf{n] cfˆgf] k9fO eg] . bfjfkm'6L z]kf{sf cg';f/ s]6fs]6Ln]
pl7;s]sf] 5 eGg] ;TonfO{ bnx¿n] t/ To;sf] d'6' /fli6«o ;xdltrflxF vr{ w'kL a]r/] cfkm}n F ] h'6fpFb} cfPsf] k9fO{ vr{ dfq} geP/ 3/sf] vr{df
ljsf; clwsf/L s]bf/gfy zdf{n] slxn] :jLsfg]{ < xfdLdf l9nf] :jLsfg]{ s;}nfO{ grflxg] < of]eGbf c;Gt'lnt /fHo k'g;{+rgf cfof]u u7g u/]/
cfly{s jif{ @)^&÷)^* sf] s'n jh]6 ;+3Lotfsf] lgdf{0f ug'k{ g]{ atfP . ;f]xL cg'ej ;'gfP . ljBfnosf] ;fdu|L cfkm}nF ] klg ;xof]u ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . xfdL 7"nf]n]
/f]u g} 5 . oL bnx¿ slt;Dd af}l4s /fhgLlts lrlGtg c? s] x'g ;Snf < lsg]/ s]xL vr{ 3/df ;d]t pknAw w]/} af]Sg kfpFbg} s]6fs]6Ln] hlt klg
Ps c/j, PsxQ/ s/f]8, ;Trfln; bl/b| 5g\ eg] logLx¿ hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ ca afFsL /Xof] gful/s kf6L{sf] s'/f . sfo{qmddf k|fs[lts ;|f]t cfly{s
nfv, ;txQ/ xhf/ k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] clwsf/ tyf /fhZj afF 8 kmfF 8 u/fpFb} cfPsf lªdf k};f cfh{g ug{] kfpF5 clgtf s]6fs]6L k'm;{lbnf] x'gf;fy
vfnL xft 3/ kmsf{pg / cfTdxTof hgtfn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgaf6 dfWod eg]sf] w'kLsf] kft a]Rg' xf] . h+unlt/ bf}l8xfN5 pgn] elgg\ .
5 . lhNnfsf] s'n jh]6df hg;+Vof u/fpg rfxG5g\ . logLx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs b]vfO;s], s'g gful/s kf6L{ xf] / s'g ;ldltsf ;efklt zfGtf rf}w/Ln]
tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; tkm{ k'lF hut / t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿df jg ljgf;sf] 3'G;fsf clwsf+z s]6fs]6L cfˆgf] vr{ s]6fs]6LnfO{ cleefjsn] klg k|fT] ;flxt
ljb|fx] sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ j}1flgs 1fg xf]Og eGg] s'/f . hgtfsf] ef]6 x]//] w'kL a]r/] h'6fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . k|To]s ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . sfd gu/]/ t s]n]
rfn' u/L &$ s/f]8, ^@ nfv @@ x'GYof] eg] t PshgfnfO{ klg ;]gf jf cfk"mnfO{ d"Nof+sg u/f}F . hgtfn] h'g qmd g/f]lsPsf] k|lt lrGtf JoSt ub}{
xhf/, k'jf{wf/ tyf ;+/rgf ljsf;df jg ljgf;sf] lhDd]jf/L jgdGqLn] ;ftfsf] z'qmjf/ / zlgjf/ w'kL sf6\g kfNg' s]n] k9fpg' / bfjfkm'6Ln] elgg\
;'/Iff lgsfoeGbf aflx/ /fVg' x'bF g} Yof] . kf6L{nfO{ ;a}eGbf w]/} dt lbP, To;}nfO{ hËn hfg] afnaflnsfn] cfˆgf] sfd u¥of] eg] a]nb} l] v d]xg] tL klg
$^ s/f]8 ^( nfv, #% xhf/, hn>f]t ca bf];f| ] ;t{tkm{ hfcf}F . bf];f| ] a'bF f cgful/s kf6L{sf] cf/f]k nufpg] ck/fw ;d]t lng'kg]{ atfP . rf}w/Ln] jg
tyf e'lddf #% s/f]8 (! nfv (# If]qsf] cWoogsf] nflu Ps 6f]nL l5§} cf} s ftcg' ; f/ !% b] l v #) aG5 . lskfsf cg';f/ l;hg x]//]
5– jfOl;Pnsf] cw{;G} o ;+/rgfsf] gu/] /fd|f] . cfˆgf] af}l4stf / zflngtf lsnf]u|fd;Dd w'kL af]s]/ Nofpg] dlxgfdf Ps xhf/b]lv !@ ;o;Dd
xhf/ / s[lif jg tyf jftfj/0fdf !$ eË . t/, pgLx¿ k|:6 tYox¿;lxt b]vfpg] lhDdf cfˆg} xf]Og / < cfO/x]sf] hfgsf/L ;d]t lbP .
s/f]8 @$ nfv @& xhf/ k|:tfj b'Uw=== ljBfnosf lzIfs v]d/fh lg/f}nfn] cfDbfgL x'g ;s]sf] 5 . df};d lalu|Psf]
cfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ ls cw{;}Go v'sf]6{ === atfP . pgLx¿n] NofPsf] w'kL :yfgLo a]nf h+un hfg ldNb}g ;kmf df};ddf
ul/Psf] 5 . ;+/rgfleq s]–s] kb{5g\ < s]–s] ubf{ sd{7 sd{rf/Lx¿ cfqmf]lzt ag]sf
o;}aLr PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf atfpg'eof] . rf/jif{bl] v lgdf{0fflwg 5g\ . ofbjn] cfk"mn] dxfk|aGws aGg t]n pTkfbg s]Gb|df laqmL x'g] u/]sf] :s'n labf ePsf] a]nf uP/ ;+sng
Tof] x6\5 t lglZrt} pgLx¿sf cd"t{ cj:yfdf /x]sf] v's{6–3'dL{ ;8sdf 5 . s~rgh+3f ;+/If0f If]q Joj:yfkg ug{sf] pgn] elgg\ . 8«; ] cfkmFn
} ] lsG5f},F
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf ;ef;b\ sdnf ts{ 5g\, ;fd"lxs a;f]af; jf SofDksf] v'jfPsf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd ;+:yfgaf6}
/f]sfn] ?s'd lhNnfsf] ;jf{ËLg ljsf;df Ps ;ftfleqdf oftfoftsf ;fwg c;'n]sf 5g\ . ;fj{hlgs vl/b kl/ifb\cGtu{t 3fªn'ª pkef]Stf sfkL, 86, k]lG;n cfkm}Fn] lsG5f}F
a;f]af; / tflnd . h;nfO{ d"lt{st[ ;~rfngdf cfpg] bfaL;d] t ;ldltn] 3'G;fdf w'kLaf6 t]n pTkfbg slxn]sfxLF la:s'6, rsn]6 lsg]/ vfG5f}F
;a} n ] Ps¿ktf b] v fpg' k g] { bfo/fdf Nofpg ;lsFbg} . /fHon] klg P]gljk/Lt vl/b u/]sf] %) d]l6«s 6g
atfpg'ePsf] 5 . bnut :jfy{df nfu]/ b] j sf] 6 fn] ug{ ' e of] . b] j sf] 6 fsf w"nf] b"w vl/bdf #% nfv sld;g ug{ yfn]kl5 afnaflnsfn] k};f cfh{g aFrs ] f] k};f cfdfnfO{ a'emfpF5f}F lskfn]
cfˆgf gful/snfO{ u}/sfg'gL cfb]z lbg cg';f/ pSt ;8s -v08_ lgdf{0fdf ug{ kfPsf x'g . ;ldltn] w'kL ;+sngsf] elgg\ . k]Djfkm'6Lsf cg';f/ afa'cfdfn]
lhNnfsf] ljsf; ;Dej gx'g] eGb} ;Sb}g / df}lns xssf] xgg ug{ ofbjn] vfPsf 5g\ eg] dVvg vl/bdf
;ef;b\ /f]sfn] ?s'd]nL hgtfsf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xfn;Dd ? ^% s/f]8 ;+:yfgaf6 ;d]t nfvf}F s'DNofpg ;kmn nflu lg0f{o ubf{ g} 3'G;f ljBfnosf k|To]s lbg lx;fa lgsfnL lbg] ePsf]n]
kfpFbg} . /fHon] s;}nfO{ ;fd"lxs¿kdf eGbfa9L vr{ eO;s]sf] / rfn' ljBfyL{n] ;d]t ;+sng u/L laqmL ug{ w]/} km'df{O; ug{ eg] lbOFbg} . h] of] t]n
ljsf;nfO{ :k|L6sf ;fy cuf8L a; jf ga; s]xL eGg ;Sb}g, vfnL ePsf 5g\ .
n}hfg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] h'g cfly{s jif{df dfq} ?= $) s/f]8 k6s–k6s u/L s/f]8f}F ¿k}ofF e|irf/ kfpg] eg]/ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . k|ltlsnf] sDkgLn] ubf{ xfdLn] afa'cfdf;Fu k};f
u}/sfg'gL jf ck/flws sfddfly dfq ah]6 k|fKt ePsf] 5 . rf/ lsnf]uf| dsf b/n] laqmL x'g] w'kL dfUg' k/]sf] 5}g pgn] elgg\ .
/fhg}lts ljrf/df cfj4 ePklg ;a}n] lgu/fgL ug{ ;S5 . u/]sf dxfk|aGws ofbjn] cfˆgf] st't{
ljsf;df ;a}n] xft]dfnf] u/]/ cufl8 t];f| ] ;t{ emg} a9L cd"t{ 5, Tof] ;/sf/sf]=== cem} hf/L /fv]sf 5g\ . ;+:yfgsf
a9]df PsLs[t ?s'd ljsf; cleofg xf], sAhf ul/Psf] ;DklQ lkmtf{ s;sf] uPkl5 u7aGwg ;/sf/ sd{rf/Lx¿n] clVtof/df ofbjsf] lj?4
;kmn x'g] atfpg'eof] . kl/ifb\ pb\3f6g slt ;DklQ s;n] sAhf u¥of] eGg] cWofb]zdfkm{t\ ah]6 3f]if0ff ug]{ ph'/L lbg] tof/L ul//x]sf] ;|ft] n] atfPsf]
;df/f]xdf af]Nb} k"j{ pBf]u /fHo dGqL tYo s;};uF 5}g . o'4sfndf /fHo jf s;/ttkm{ cfˆgf] nljª ;'? ug{ 5 . dxfk|aGws ofbj / sf7df8f}F b'Uw
uf]kfnhLhË zfxn] ;a}sf] k|of;af6 ljb|f]xL b'j} zlQmn] cfjZostf / yfn] s f] 5 . k| d ' v k| l tkIfnfO{ ljsf; cfof]hgfsf d]gh ] / rf}w/L ldn]/
dfq ljsf; ;Dej x'g] atfpg'eof] . cg'sn " tf x]/L rncrn ;DklQ sAhf ;dy{ g df glnO{ ;+ ; b\ s f] lxpF b ] e|i6frf/sf csf]{ k|k~r /lr/x]sf 5g\ .
pxfFn] ljsf; s;}sf] Psnf}6L of]hgf ul/Ps} x'g\ . /]8 sg{/ gf]l6; / a}s + sf clwj] z g :ylut ug] { dfs' g ] pgLx¿n] b"w 9'jfgL ug]{ uf8Lsf] ef8fdf
gePsfn] o;df ;a} /fhg}lts bnsf] vftf /f]Ssfb]lv rncrn ;DklQ sAhf ;/sf/sf] nf]stGqk|ltsf] unt ;f]r 3f]6fnf u/]/ nfvf}F s'DNofpg] of]hg
;xdlt rflxg] atfpg'eof] . k"j{ ;xfos ug]{ sfd /fHoaf6 klg ePs} x'g\ . km]l/ g;lRrP dfcf]jfbLn] s8f lj/f]w agfPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . ;+ : yfg
dGqL s]z/dfg /f]sf, k"j{ ;f+;b Tolt dfq xf]Og, 3/6x/f cfuf] nufpg], hgfpg] ePsf] 5 . cIfdtfsf] r/d\ e|i6frf/df o;/L 8'Abf klg ;/sf/ eg]
s[i0fk|;fb uf}td / lhNnf l:yt k"/} ufpF g} hnfOlbP/ v/fgL agfOlbg] gd'gf ag]sf] dfs'g] ;/sf/ ca /ldt] ag]/ al;/x]sf] 5 . ;+:yfgsf
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dfS;{jfbsf] ljrf/n] dfq ;+;f/nfO{ /f]Kg'kg]{ kfvf af/Ldf wfg / wfg /f]Kg'kg]{ clg ;lsG5 . To:t} Pdfn] cfhef]ln u5{ ls t sfFw yfk]/ cf8 lbG5, cfkm}F
abNg ;S5 . t/, abNgsf] nflu a'‰g' v]tdf sf]bf] /f]Kg vf]h/] c?nfO{ pNn' afkm ag]/ ;lsg] k|lqmofdf 5 . cem rnfpg] cfF6 ePsf]n] t cfkm}F rnfOxfN5 .
klg k5{ . a'‰g] / abNg] sfd agfpg vf]H5 clg ubf{ub}{ clGtddf s]kL / ljBf t emg\ l56f] afkm aGg] t/, cfF6 gePsfx¿n] To;f] u5{g\ . To;f] s7\kt' nLsf] ljsNkdf kml] / klg s7\kt' nLsf] ;Defjgf
qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] dfq ug{ ;S5g\ . of] sf]bf] / wfg Ps} 7fpFdf /f]K5 . cfk"m vfnsf t/n kbfy{ x'g\ . csf]{ s'/f ubf{ Pdfn]nfO{ b'Ol{ t/ g} kmfObf x'G5 . cGttM s7\kt' nL ;/sf/sf] jf:tljs kf]n g]kfnL hgtfdf 5tf5'Nn eO/x]sf]
s'/f xfd|f] ;j{xf/fju{n] 7"nf7"nf 7Ls 5' eGg] kfg{ p;n] …gofF tl/sf xf] ubf{ t/n kbfy{ e'OdF f kf]lvof] ls t Ps hgtfdf hfFbf d}n] xltof/ 5f]Ps} 5 . b]Vg]nfO{ nfh eg]sf] oxL xf] . k6s–k6s k|wfgdGqLsf] rrf{df cfpg] t/
o'4x¿af6 k'li6 ul/;s]sf] 5 . Gofok"0f{ of]Ú eG5 . Pdfn] oxfF;Dd cfOk'Ubf ;lsof] . ToxL klg lrNnf] /fd|f] 7fpFdf 5}g eGg kfOG5 / csf]{ k|ltlqmofjfbLdf k|wfgdGqL aGg g;Sg] xljut ef]Ub} cfPsf dfwj g]kfn h]–h:tf /fi6«3ftL
o'4sf] tof/L / ;'?jft qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] dfS;{ j fb–n] l ggjfbnfO{ lems] / kf]lvof] eg] s]xL ;do;Dd lr:ofg hfFbf xltof/ rnfpg]eGbf cf8 lbg] sbdnfO{ sfFw yfDg] cj:yf k/] klg k|wfgdGqL kbsf] s';L{df a:g cft'/ lyP, eof]
dfS;{jfbsf] xltof/af6 u/]/ ;a}vfn] sDo'lg:6sf] vf]n dfq /fVg /xG5 . t/, afn'jfdf kf]lvof] alnof] x'gk' 5{, Tof] sfd xfdLn] u¥of}F eGg] . klg To:t} . ef/tLo u|fG8l8hfOgdf pgnfO{ k|wfgdGqL t agfOof] . g]kfnL Oltxf;sf
k|ltlqmofjfbLsf xltof/x¿nfO{ v/fgL ;kmn ePsf] 5 . Pdfn] ;Rrf eg] s]xL klg /xFbg} . To:t} To;}n] xfd|f] b]zsf] ;Gbe{df eGg'kbf{ cfF6 @)$^ sf] sfnv08kl5 h]h:tf ljs[lt, lj;+ult lelqP tL ;a}nfO{ jt{dfg
kfl/lbP . t/, dfS;{jfbsf] k|of]u ubf{ sDo'lg:6 xf] of xf]Og eGg] s'/f emngfy, jfdb]jx¿ 5g\ . gePsf] ukmf8L axfb'/ sf]xL 5 eg] Tof] dlGqkl/ifb\n] pl5Gg] ePsf] 5 . hDaf] dlGqd08n / dGqLx¿ e|i6frf/sf s'Otfndf
dfS;{jfbLx¿n] ;w}F ;+zf]wgjfb;Fu n8\g' t g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ultn] o;/L x]bf{ Pdfn] t/n kbfy{ Pdfn] g} xf] . -uGxfpg] kf]v/L_ hlt uGxfP klg ljr/f dfwj g]kfn kf]v/L ;kmf ug{ ;Sg] cfF6,
k¥of] / k/]sf] 5 . dfS;{jfbsf] unf b]vfO;Sof] / cem sDo'lg:6sf] tfltFbf / kf]lvFbfsf] l:yltdf lj1fgsf] ;fdfGo 1fg ePsf] Ifdtf gePsf lg/Lx k|wfgdGqLsf] ¿kdf lrlqt 5g\ . e|i6frf/sf] uf]/vwGbfdf
/]6g\ ;+zf]wgjfb ;w}F nflukl//xg] 5 . …sÚ klg p;Fu g/xg] ;do k'u/] ;lsFb5} . of] cem xfd|f] dflg;nfO{ ;d]t of] yfxf 5 ls k'R5«t] f/fsf] nfu]sf dGqLx¿ lu§L, afn'jf ljb]zLnfO{ a]Rg', jghËn ;vfk kfg',{ ;fj{hlgs
dfS;{jfbLx¿sf] nflu k|ltlqmofjfbeGbf cfpFb5 } / cfpF5 kSs} Tof] gofF lkF9Ln] /fd|/L a'‰g] / x]g{] cfˆg} k|of; t x'bF g} g} t/ o;sf] cfsf/ hUufx¿ JolQmsf gfddf btf{ u/fpg', 7"nf7"nf kl/of]hgfx¿df Jofks 3";vf]/L
;+zf]wgjfb g} ;aeGbf 7"nf] b'Zdg xf] . klg 36a9 x'G5 . Pdfn] kf6L{sf] klg x'g,' kf;kf]6{ 5kfOdf a]OHhtL¿kdf lg0f{o lkmtf{ lng', c;f/df cfP/ ljlgof]lht
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k|i6 ljrf/ /l~ht a'9fdu/ cfˆgf] k|sfz 5}g . k'R5]t« f/fsf] s]Gb|Lo
efu w"nf]sf] s0f, a/km, Uof;n] ag]sf]
ah]6 ;Sg] cg]syl/ gf6s ub}{ a]lyltsf] ¿kdf k};f vr{ ug]{ cfF6 ug',{ 7"nf–7"nf
7]Ssfk§fdf cfˆg} dfG5]x¿nfO{ lbnfpg lbnf]Hofgn] nfUg'n] dfq gk'u/] ;?jf,
a9'jf / ;/sf/n] lbOg] lgo'lQmdf rsf]{ df]ndf]nfO, n]gb]gn] jt{dfg ;/sf/
km]g{ ] / dfS;{jfbs} vf]nleq n'Sg] ePsf]n] lbg h'g lbg ju{;3+ if{ csf]{ cfFwLn] df}sf kfpg]5 . x'bF f ;"os{ f] glhs k'Ubf ;"os { f] tfk / uGxfO/x]sf] 5 eg] gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg] s'/fdf l;Gsf] klg efFRg] k|oTg u/]sf]
o;nfO{ lrGg / a'‰g cln ufx|f] x'G5 . x'TofP/ k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿sf] lzlj/df Pdfn] cfF6 gePsf] axfb'/ xf], atf;n] a/km klUng] / Uof; p8\g] b]lvFbg} . ef/tLox¿s} rnv]nnfO{ k|>o lbO/x]sf] jt{dfg ;/sf/ ;xdtLo ;/sf/
;+zf]wgjfbsf] ktg k|ltlqmofjfb x'g z/0f lng'kg]5{ . ;j{xf/fju{n] cfˆgf] hLp8fn 7"nf] 5, lrNnf]rfKnf] klg 5 . ePsf]n] nfdf] k'R5/ aG5 . To;}u/L, lgdf{0fnfO{ dxTj lbO/x]sf] 5}g . ;xdtLo ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0fn] dfq zflGt :yfkgf /
hfG5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df eGg'kbf{ Pdfn] . ceLi6 k"/f ul/5f8\5 . Tof] ;do t/, /utdf SofG;/ ePsf] 5 . af]NgnfO{ Pdfn]sf] s]Gb|Lo efu klg k|bl" ift ljrf/sf gofF ;+ljwfg aGg] x'bF f gofF Pj+ k|ultzLn ;+ljwfg aGg glbg] ef/tLo Pp6f nlj
dfS;{jfb eg]sf] ju{;3+ if{sf] bz{g dfS;{jfb cem ;d[4 aG5 . pm ;aeGbf cufl8 5 . dfS;{jfb / s0fx¿, k|f0f gePsf a/kmh:tf lr;f / 3f]/blIf0fkGyLx¿sf] u7hf]8af6 of] ;/sf/sf] ;+/If0f eO/x]sf] 5 . logLx¿ gofF
xf] . t/, Pdfn] ju{;3+ if{sf] lj/f]wL xf] . Pdfn] t/n kbfy{ h:t} xf] . p;sf] n]lggjfbsf] lstfa k9\gnfO{ klg lbdfu dfG5]x¿ / b'ul{ Gwt xfjfx¿n] ag]sf] g]kfnsf] kIfdf 5Fb5 } g\ / tbg'¿ksf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f x'g} glbg dfwj g]kfnnufot
of] s'/fn] klg Pdfn] sDo'lg:6 x'g s'g} lglZrt cfsf/ 5}g . t/n 7Ls} 5 . ha dfS;{jfbn] Jojxf/df hfp x'bF f ;+3if{sf] tfk / ;dosf] rfkn] o;nfO{ k|:6¿kdf eGg'kbf{ ef/tLo g]kfnL bnfnx¿ lbnf]Hofgn] nfluk/]sf 5g\ . rf/}lt/af6
;Sb}g . csf]{ s'/f dfS;{jfb ju{;3+ if{sf] kbfy{nfO{ lunf;df /fv] lunf;, yfnLdf eGg] u5{, p;nfO{ ?3f, hlG8; x'g kufN5 / d]rL–sfnL o'jf cleofgh:tf uGxfO/x]sf] jt{dfg ;/sf/ g]kfnL hgtfaf6 3[l0ft x'bF } ubf{ jt{dfg ;/sf/nfO{ sfFw
bz{g xf] eg] o;sf] ljsf; klg /fv] yfnL, kfOkdf /fv] kfOksf] cfsf/ yfN5 . p;n] xltof/ /fd|f] dfGb}g t/ sfo{qmdaf6 nfdf] aGg] k|of; u5{ . To;}n] yfKg] ef/tLo ca csf]{ cfˆgf] akmfbf/ u'nfd vf]Hb} 5g\ . akmfbf/ u'nfdnfO{
ju{;3+ if{af6 g} x'G5 eGg] s'/f dfGb}g lbPh:t} Pdfn]sf] klg cfˆgf] s'g} n8\g g;Sg]n] xltof/ g} k|ou] u/]h:t} Pdfn] / k'R5«t] f/f xfQL 5fk rKkn / k|wfgdGqLsf] gofF ku/L -km]6f_ nufpg]sf] nflu gofF kfqsf] vf]hL eO/x]sf] jt{dfgdf
Pdfn] . dfS;{jfbsf] /Iff / ljsf; lglZrt cfsf/ 5}g . t/, t/n kbfy{ Pdfn]n] u5{ . t/, Pdfn]n] xltof/ cfkm}F xfQL h:t} xf] . u'nfdLsf] n:s/ nfUg] qmddf ef/tLo pkrf/ / tLyf{6gsf] jxfgfdf ef/t hfFb}
ju{;dGjoaf6 ug{ vf]H5 Pdfn] . sf]bf] tfk a9L eof] eg] pDn]/ afkm aG5 rnfpFbg} . ls t c?nfO{ rnfpg x'l6ª [email protected] uLtf 5f]P/ s;d vfFb5 } g\ . /fi6«jfbLx¿ / gofF g]kfnsf] ck]Iff ug]x{ ¿n] ef/tLo
bf;nfO{ km]l/ ;8sdf Nofpg ;s]gg\ . e08fkmf]/ ug{ ;s]gg\ / /fi6«jfbLx¿ k'gM

cflv/ n8g], dg]{ t o'jfx¿ g} x'g\

@)^& h]7 !$ ut] dWo/ftdf k'/fg} ;fdGtL zlQmnfO{ k'gM:yflktug]{ /fi6« 3 ftaf6 xftnfu] s f] n' 6 sf] x'sf{of}+, pg} o'jfx¿n] xfd|f] cu'jfO{
ldNg ;s]gg\ eg] ToxL xljut x'g5
s7\kt' nL ;/sf/ :yfkgf x'g5 ] .
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ef/tLo jqmb[li6 slt;Dd k5{ eg] k/Dk/fut zlQmsf] Pp6f v]df ;fdfGo
ef/tLox¿sf] Hofblt / s'l6n rfnnfO{ ;dfrf/ agfPafkt b'O{ ;fj{ef}d /fi6«aLr
tLg ;'qLo lnlvt / s]xL clnlvt - s'l6n rfn o; leq n's]sf] cg'dfg wgk'mk'sf] >f4df nufpb} lx"8]sf] ug]{ 5g\ . -"Our youth are not ePsf ;lGw, ;Demf}tf, cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf] Go"gtd klg kfngf gu/]/ sflGtk'/
;/sf/ kIfsf] æk| w fgdGqLsf] ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . b]zdf sdhf]/ b] l v" b } 5 . ef/tLo zf;sx¿ failing the system; the system
klAns];gsf] !))) d]l6«s 6g Go"hlk|G6 Ps dlxgfb]lv sf]nsftfaf6 6;d; x'g
;s]sf] /x]g5 . o;/L ef/tLox¿ cfˆgflj?4df r'F ug]x{ ¿nfO{ o;/L g} tx nufpg
k|lti7fdf c;/ k5{ df}lvsdfq ;/sf/ ePsf] a] n fdf ;/sf/L s§/kGyL lxGb'x¿sf] d's'08f] leq is failing our youth. Ironically,
kl5 gkg]x{ ¿ cfˆgf lj?4sf ;~rf/ dfWodx¿nfO{ ;tfO/x]sf 5g\ . k|:6 eGg'kbf{
u/f}+ .Æ eGg] cg'/f]wdf_ ;Demf}tf u/]/ ;+oGqdf 3';k}7 u/]sfx¿ / aflxl/of g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf c:jefljs the very youth who are being
s}of}F ;~rf/ dfWodx¿ o:tf 5g\, hf] ef/tLo …/Ú sf] x'08L a'‰g nfOg nfu]sf
;+ljwfg;efsf] cfo' cyjf egf} cf?gf] unt tTjx¿ cf?gf] :jfy{ k'/f ug{ rnv] n df cf?gf Ph] G 6x¿ treated the worst are the young x'G5g\ . bz}dF f dxFuf] /S;L / ltxf/df ljt/0f ul/g] ld7fOsf kfs]6 kfpFbf klg
cfsif{ s hflu/ ! jif{ yKgP k'/} lqmoflzn x'G5g\ . /fHooGqn] kl/rfngdf nfu]sf] 5 . cf?gf people who are going to lead us cfk"mnfO{ wGo ;Demg] g]kfnLx¿sf] km]xl/:t s'g} sfnv08df lg:snf eGg] ljZjf;
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_nfO{ dgfpg ;kmn rfx]/ klg o:tf tTjx¿sf] c/fhs lgxLt :jfy{ k'/f ug{ p ;"w} g]kfndf out of this nightmare." - Rachel ug}k{ b{5 . o;/L b]zsf] Pp6f ;~rf/ ;+:yf / h;n] nf]stGqsf] axfnLdf dxTjk"0f{
ePsf s7k'tnL ;/sf/sf dltof/ / u}/sfg'gL x/stx¿ lgoGq0f ug{ cl:y/tf rfxG5 . o:tf] rfxg]x¿n] Jackson _Æ pNn]vgLo 5, s]xLlbg e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] lyof], To;nfO{ k|ltzf]wk"0f{ ¿kdf sfuh cfpg glbFbf lg/Lx
kf6L{x¿ ef]lnkN6} b]lv k'/fg} ¿kdf ;s]sf] 5}g . o:t} df}sf 5f]k/] ljb]zL v]Ng] e'ldsf klg ;+qmd0fsflng klxn] o'jf ;ef;bx¿n] bjfa >[hgfsf] ;/sf/n] r'; F Dd klg af]Ng ;Sb}g eg] c?nfO{ of] ;/sf/n] s] unf{ < o;af6 cfz
if8oGqsf tfgfafgfa'Gg yflnxfn] . zlQms]Gb|sf Ph]G6x¿ klg a9L g} /fhgLltsf] nflu sdhf]lvdk"0f{ nflu u/]sf] sfo{qmdn] ;sf/fTds ug'{ eg]sf] sNkgf dfq xf] . jiff{t\ ;'? x'bF 5 } , v'bn
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sLlt{dfgsfod ug{ k"0f{ ;kmn /H"Øf] . d'n'snfO{ qf0f lbnfpg o'jfzlQmn] Joj:yf lauf/]s] f] g eO{ Joj:yfn] hgrfxgfcg' ¿ ksf] ;+ l jwfgsf] hf];s ' } k|wfgdGqL eP klg vf;} km/s kb}g{ . Pp6f 56\6' hfG5 csf]{ 56\6' cfpF5 .
o;sf] c;kmntfsf] af/] d f t cf?gf] ;'ema'em, b[9tf / ;f}o{sf] xfd|f o'jfx¿nfO{ laufb}{5 . Ao¨Ø ;'lgZrttfsf] nflu ;fy{s sbdrfNg To;n] cfdg]kfnLdf vf;} km/s kb}g{ . To;}n] dfwj g]kfn c;kmn t agL ;s] .
;/sf/sf] g] t [ T j ul//x] s f] bn k|bz{g ug'{ kb{5 . 7Ls o:t} a]nfdf u/]/ eGg'kbf{, b':jKgx¿sf aLr kl5 kg]{ 5}gg\ . pgL km]l/ k|wfgdGqL aGg klg ;Sb}gg\ . t/, ef/tLox¿sf] rqmAo"xn] pgnfO{
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o; k|lt o;sf ;+rfns k|ex' ¿ afx]s x'g . (Older men declare war. But b'ud{ eQf a[4L ug]d{ fu ub}{ d':tfªsf kg]{ eGb} g]kfn lzIfs o'lgog g]kfn ug{ k'u] . hgtfsf sfd x'g g;s]sf], ;'zf;g sfod x'g g;Sg'df ;lrjx¿sf] bf]if
s;}sf] s'g} k|sf/sf] df]x af"ls 5}g . it is the youth that must fight ;/sf/L ljBfnodf sfo{/t lzIfsx¿n] lzIfs ;3+ clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;u+7g b]vfP . d'xfg} v/fa ePdf aUg] kfgL wldnf] x'g] g} eof] . ;/sf/sf dGqLx¿
o:tf] cj:yfdf klg of] ;/sf/ and die. - Herbert Hoover)Æ of] d+unaf/b]lv ;'? u/]sf] ljBfno g]kfn /fli6«o lzIfs ;u+7g / clvn e|i6frf/ / lj;+ultdf lnKt eP lg/Lx ;lrjx¿n] ;fgfnfO{ s;/L tx nufpg] .
rln/xg' eg]sf] Ps k|sf/sf] cfZro{ egfO{sf] dd{ cyjf ;f/ cToGt} clglZrsfnsf aGb hf/L /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn lzIfs ;3+ d':tfªn] cfGbf]ng k|lt To;}n] ;lrjx¿ klg ltg}sf] l;sf] ub}{ …sfn]–sfn] ldn]/ vfpF efn]Ú eGg] u/]sf
g} dfGg' k5{ . clxn]sf] ;/sf/sf] uDeL/ 5 . k|sf/fGt/n] olb xfdL lhNnfsf ljleGg ;/sf/L ljBfnodf sfo{t P]Soa4tf hgfPsf 5g . ;/sf/n] 5g\ . 3/hUuf s;–s;n] s;/L hf]8] #) jif{df k~rx¿n] gu/]sf] e|i6frf/ jt{dfgsf
leidlktfdx, g] k fnL sf" u | ] ; df o'4sf] tof/Ldf 5f}+ eg], xfd|f cfhsf lzIfsx¿n] b'ud{ eQfdf ;/sf/n] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] b'ud{ eQf ;o g]tfx¿n] *–!) jif{d} u/]sf] hgtfx¿sf] cfFvfdf k§L afFw] klg yfxf gePsf] s'/}
k|wfgdGqL aGg] JolQmrogsf] s;/t lqmofsnfkx¿ o'4f]Gd'v 5g\ eg], lje]bsf/L gLlt cjnDag u/L ;dfg k|ltztn] a[4L u/]sf] ePklg lhNnfaflx/ 5}g . ;lrjx¿sf 3/hUuf / dxFuf uf8Lsf] dfq 5g\ lsg eGbf g]tfx¿sf] klg
;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . csf]{tk{m PsLs[t o'4nfO{ /f]Sg] xfd|f ;Tk|of;x¿ k]zfsf] c;dfg eQf ljt/0f u/]sf] / af6 cfPsf ;/sf/L lzIfs / :yfgLo ;DklQsf] 5fglag ug'k{ ¥of] egL dfwj g]kfnn] eGg ;s]gg\ . cfF6 / lxDdt eP
g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf lgik|efjLaGb} uPsf5g\ eg] xfdLn] ;xdlt ug{ sfof{Gog gug{] ;+:sf/sf] lzIfsnfO{ eg] %) k|ltzt sd eQf lbPsf] cfkm}aF f6 ;'? ubf{ /fd|f] xf]nf . …===b]Vg]nfO{ nfhÚ eg]sf] oxL xf] .
g]tfx¿ cf?gf] g]t[Tjdf ;xdtLo o'4sf] k|sl[ tcg';f/ ;+Vofsd cyjf ljsf; u/]sf] eGb} afWo eP/ cfGbf]ng sf/0f ;Dk'0f{ sfd 7Kk kf/]/ cfGbf]ng lxhf] ?SdfËtsf] arfp ug]{ ljBfnfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfn] slt ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . /Iff
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hglab|f]xsf] tof/Ldf nfUg' plrt o'jfx¿nfO{ d[To'sf] d'vlt/ xf]Dg] sfd 5g\ . ;/sf/n] )^^÷)^& df lzIfs z]/axfb'/ u'?ªn] atfpg'eof] .cfGbf]ng/t yk k|s/0fdf k|wfgdGqLnfO{ ghjfkm u/fpg] z}nLnfO{ dfwj g]kfnn] h];s ' } ;f]r klg
x'g] ;Ddsf ljsNkdf larf/ ljdz{ ub}{5f}+ eGg] 7fGg' kb{5 . vf;u/L sd{rf/LnfO{ b'ud{ eQf a9fPsf] atfP lzIfsn] ;/sf/n] ;'ljwf j[l4 ug'e{ Gbf klg ;]gfnfO{ k|hftflGqsLs/0f agfpg] af/]df gofF cjwf/0ff ;fj{hlgs x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
ub}{5g\ . o;n] /fd|f] eljiosf] ;+s]t xltof/ lgdf{tf, cfk'lt{stf{ tyf klg cy{Gqfnosf] u}xl| hDd]af/sf sf/0f kfOcfPsf] ;'ljwfdf ;d]t s6fpg vf]hs ] f] k|r08nfO{ vfg] af3n] dfwj g]kfnnfO{ arfpg] 5}g, o;af/]df 708f lbdfun] ;f]Rg
u/]sf] 5}g . bzaif]{ hgo'4 / !( To;sf] sld;g Ph]G6x¿ ;w"} o'4sf] lbg] elgPsf] tna eQf r}qaf6 g} gkfPsf] sf/0f cfGbf]ngdf xf]ldPsf] atfPsf 5g\ . ;s]df pko'Qm xf]nf . …pS;fPsf] s's/' n] l;sf/ ub}g{ Ú, l;sf/L s's/' sf cfˆg} ljz]iftf
lbg] hgcfGbf] n gsf] andfk| f Kt v]tL u/]/ lx"l8/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ / u'0fx¿ x'G5g\ . dfwj g]kfn;Fu b]z rnfpg] u'0fx¿ t 5}gg\ g} ef/tLox¿n]
/ :yfgLo lzIfsnfO{ lhNnf aflx/sf] d':tfªdf k|flj $^ lgdfjL ( dflj % / h]h:tf] l;sfpF5g\, lgb]z { g lbG5g\, To;}cg'¿k dfq rN5g\ . c?sf] pS;fx6df
pknlAwx¿ dfly g} k|xf/ x'g] nIf0f o'4dfcs't ;DklQsdfpg] df}sf sd{rf/L ;/x ;'lawf pknAw gu/fPsf] pRr dfljdf sl/j @ xhf/ ljBfyL{
b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . x'G5 . xfd|f] b]zdf klg hgo'4 k"j{ h]h:tf] u5{g,\ To;n] b]zsf] enf] ub}g{ , gofF ;+ljwfg aGb}g b]zn] lgsf; kfpFbg} . a?
eGb} ljBfno aGb u/]sf x'g . lghfdtL cWoo/t /x]sf 5g\ . To;sf] gsf/fTds k|efjn] g]kfnLx¿sf] uGtJo pN6f] lbzftkm{ x'g5] . km]l/ lgsf;ljxLg
o;n] h]7 !$ ut] dWo/ftdf b]lv g} of] Aoj;fosf] cfh{gsf] :jfb
rf}tkmL{ bjfaaLr ;DkGglnlvt /
clnlvt ;Demf}tfsf] wHhL p8fPsf]
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o'4 d}bfgdf kl/0ft ug{ lbg/ft k|of; nfz kfpg cbfntL n8fO“ cj:yfdf b]z uof] eg] To;sf] k|efj dfwj g]kfnnfO{ klg k5{ . zL3| /fhLgfdf lbg]
;xdlt sfof{Gjog geP klg s]xL ug{ g;Sg] x'ltxf/fn] b]znfO{ clg0f{osf] aGbL
agfpg'eGbf lgsf; lbg /fhLgfdf lbg}kg]{ xf] . jt{dfg ;/sf/n] ah]6 clwj]zg
5 . of] /fhgLlts a]Od{ fgLn] gful/s ub}{5g\ . 9fsf . >Ldfg\sf] cGTof]li6sf nflu /f]k/] dfl/lbPsf lyP . pgL dfl/Pkl5
;dfhnufot ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf, o'jf, sf]xL cf?gf] u'd]sf] :ju{ k'gM b'O{ >LdtLaLrsf] ljjfb 5 dlxgfdf dfq b'O{ klTg;Fu b'O{ lsl;dsf] lhGbuL af]nfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . ;lhnf] / k|hftflGqs af6f] cfPsf] ah]6n] ;+;bLo k4ltsf] wHhL
dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghftL ;d]t k|flKtsf] sfdgf af]s]/ k'hfcfhf ub}{ klg g;'Nem]kl5 aËnfb]zsf] Ps pgn] latfpFb} cfPsf] v'nf;f ePsf] p8fP klg gp8fP klg o:tf] xljut eg]sf] l67nfUbf] / 3LgnfUbf] b'j} xf] . ah]6eGbf
;a}sf] zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] kIfdf lx"8s] f 5g\ . @! cf}+ ;tfAbLsf g]kfnL cbfntn] To; d[t k'?ifsf ldqx¿nfO{ lyof] . of] 36gfkl5 b'j} dlxnfn] zj / To;sf] sfof{Gjog kIf cfˆgf] 7fpFdf 5Fb5 } . slyt k|hftflGqs ljlw gckgfpFbf
;+ljwfg;efsf] cjlwyk ug{sf] nflu gful/sx¿nfO{ k'gM /}tL agfP/ aofg lbg cbfnt 8fs]sf] 5 . k|x/Lsf kfpg cbfntL n8fOF n8b} cfPsL 5g\ . oxL k/Dk/fsf] c/fhs k4ltsf] ljsf; x'bF } hfFbf b]zsf] ult s] xf]nf < sNkgf u/f}F .
ul/Psf] OdfGbf/ k|of;sf] lvlNn zf;g ug] { , tyfslyt lji0f' s f] cg' ; f/ $@ jifL{ rGbg s' d f/ bf];f| ] >LdtLn] pgn] kl5Nnf] k6s To:tf x'ltxf/fx¿n] b]z rnfpFbg} g\ . csf{sf] a'O{ r9\bf o:t} x'G5 . ctM oL ;a} ljs[lt,
rqmjtL{sf Ps >LdtL lxGb" x'g eg] O:nfd wd{ ckgfPsf] bfjL u/] d'tfljs lj;+ultsf] h8 cGt st} 5 . cGt st}af6 ;~rflnt /f]af]6x{ ¿n] b]z rnfpg ;Sb}gg\
p8fPsf] 5 . hgtfsf] dxfg\ alnbfg cjtf/sf] dof{ b f xfl;nu/L dfq xf]Og, o:tf /f]af]6x{ ¿sf] vf]hLdf nfu]sfx¿n] b]znfO{ ;w}F clg0f{osf] aGbL
/ ;+ 3 if{ s f] ckdfg ePsf] 5 . ær/0ff]bsÆ -uf]8f wf]Psf] kfgL_ csL{ d'l:nd x'g . 9fsfsf] Ps sn]hdf cbfntn] of] ljifodf osLg ug{ h'g
efO; lk|/lG;kn /x]sf rqmjtL{nfO{ @( df rqmjtL{sf ldqx¿nfO{ c:ktfn agfpg] x'bF f ca vf]hL ePsf kfq klg s7\kt' nL g} x'g] ;DefjgfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L gofF
kl/jt{gsfdL hgtfsf] ;+3if{sf] andf v'jfpg] lbjf ;kgfdf cgluGtL zlQmsf] vf]hL ug}k{ b{5 . h;n] b]znfO{ ult lbg ;sf];\ .
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