Introduction

E-business infrastructure refers to the combination of

hardware such as servers and client PCs in an organization
the network used to link this hardware and the software
application used to deliver services to worker within the e-
business and also to its partners and workers.
Infrastructures also include the architecture of the network,
hardware and software and where is it located.
Infrastructures can also be considered to include the data
and documents accesses through e-business application.
Internet , intranet , extranet
Intranet: the internal network of an organizational entity
Extranet: the external network of an organizational entity
Internet: the mother of all networks inter-connected on the scale of planet
internet

What is internet?
Enables communication between millions of connected
computers worldwide.
What is internet-client server ,I sp ,backbones , internet
timeline?
 the client/server architecture consist of client computers, such
as PCs, sharing resources, such as database stored on a more
powerful server computer
Internet Service Provider will providing home or business users
with a connection to access the internet. They can also host web-
based application.
Backbones is a high speed communications links used to enable
Internet communication across a country and internationally.
Internet timeline where we can see the development of internet
as a essential for business.
 Physical and network infrastructure components of the Internet
Figure 3.2
(Levels IV and III in Figure 3.1)
 intranet
Definition
 a private network within a single company using internet standards to
enable employees to share information using a e-mail and web
publishing
intranet Application
are used extensively for supporting sell-side e-commerce from within
the marketing function. Also used to support core supply chain
management activities.
Benefit for manager
Improved information sharing (customer service)
Enhanced communications and information sharing(communication)
Reduced or eliminated processing.
Easier organizational publishing.
extranet
Definition
Formed by extending an intranet beyond a company to
customers, suppliers and collaborators.
Application
middleware or now also referred as enterprise applications
integration(EAI)
Content management system
Benefit to do B2B
Increased productivity
Flexibility
Timely and accurate information
Reduced inventory
Build customer loyalty
Figure 3.5 The relationship between intranets, extranets and the Internet
Firewall- necessary when creating intranet or extranet
because:
To ensure that outside access to confidential information does
not occur.
Usually created as software mounted on a separate server at
the point where the company is connected to the internet.
Configured to only accept links from trusted domains
representing other offices in the company.

Limited usage of intranet and extranet

The majority of content is out-of-date, incomplete
or inaccurate.
Almost all information on the internet is reference
material, not news or recent updates.

Overcoming or encouraging the usage

Always update the business
Produce more dynamic content.
 WWW

WWW
Definition
-system of resources that enable computer users to view and interact
with a variety of information
-WWW pages are formatted using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML),
information is transferred among computers on the WWW using a set of
rules known as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
Hyperlink( moving, indicates)
Web browser-internet explorer, Mozilla( accessing view information
stored as web documents on different web server)
Web server- stored n present the web pages accessed by web browser.
Internet- acces software application
e-mail(spam), instant messaging ,FTP Files transfer
 Internet Standard(STD)

 is a normative specification of a technology or methodology applicable to

the Internet.

 Internet Standards are created and published by the Internet Engineering Task

Force (IETF)

Network standards

Internet refers to the global information system that

•Logically linked together by a global unique address space based on the
internet protocols (IP)
•Is able to support communication using the transmission control protocol /
internet protocol (TCP/ IP)
•Provides , uses or make accessible either publicly or privately and high
level services on the communications
 How TCP/IP Protocol Works

The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly known as TCP/IP)

is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other
similar networks. It is named from two of the most important protocols in it:
the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP),
which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard.
The HTTP Protocol (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
This is the standard used to allow web browsers and servers
to transfer request for delivery of web pages and their
embedded graphics. When click on a link while viewing the
web site, the web browser will request information from the
sever computer hosting the web site using HTTP.
Uniform Recourses Location (URL)
This is a standard method of addressing, similar to postcodes
that make it straight forward to find the name of a site. A
technical name for a web address is URL. Example is
http://www.klmu.com.my.
Domain names
Domain name refers to the name of the web server and is
usually selected to be the same as the name of the company
and the extension will indicate its type. Example is
www.KLMU.edu.my
 
 
Web presentation and data exchanges standards
These standard for web pages designs, text, graphics and Multimedia and there
are different standards that exist for all these.
The design, text and graphical information that form a web pages, Good Content is
the keep to attracting customers to web site and retaining their interest or achieving
repeat visits.
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): A standard web pages presentation format
used to define the text and layout of webs pages.
XML (Extensive Markup Language): Is a standard for transferring structural
data, unlike HMTL which is purely presentational.
Graphical Images( Graphic interchange format): A graphic format and
compression algorithm best used for simple graphic.
JPEG (Joint Photographic experts Group): This refers to two standard file most
commonly used to present images on the web pages. It is use for larger images.
Animated graphical information (GIF abd plug-ins): these are add on program
to the web Brower to provide extra functionality such as animations. Examples
macromedia flash, shock waves
Audio and Video standards
These are sound and video standard that could be included in a website
Who control the internet?
The internet governance controls the operations and use of the internet
and netiquette.

Some of the established non-profit-making organization that control

different aspect of the internet
The Internet Corporation for assigned names and Number: ICANN : for
IP address allocation and domain name names management.
Internet society (ISOC): formed 1992, to provide leadership in addressing
issue that comfort the future of the internet and is the organization for the
groups responsible for the internet infrastructure standard.
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): the technical body for
network designers, operators, and vendor ad researcher connected with
the development of internet architectures.
The World wide consortium: This is the organization that is responsible
for web standards.
Managing Hardware and
system software infrastructure
Management Technology Infrastructure
Requires layer 2, 3, 4

 Layer 2=System software

#example of software: Microsoft explorer, Netscape
communicator ect.
#Standardized plug-in: adobe acrobat to access pdf file ect.
#System software for client be decided on; make variant
Microsoft windows but alternatives sun micro system’ Solaris
Linux considering system software for the server
#Using standardized web server software example: Apache will
help maintain
*to reduce numbers of contacts for support maintenance and
can reduce purchase prices through multi-user license
*system software choices occur for client, server and network
Layer 3&4
 Layer 3=transport or network
>Example hardware: modem card, external modem in home
PCs, network interface card(NIC) to connect to the company
(local area) network for business computers
>Main management make decision whether it should
performed by company or outsource to third party.
 Layer 4=storage
>Similar to transport layer it can be manage internal and
external
 Internet service provider or ISP
~provide special web content such as America Online or
CompuServe etc.
~two main functions
1. Provide link to company or person enable access world wide
web(WWW) and email
2. They host sites or publish a company web site enable other
companies or consumer access it
 ISP connection methods
~Dial up connection= access to the internet via phone line using
analogue modems example: streamyx@tmnet
~Broadband connection=access to the internet via phone line
using a digital data transfer mechanisim example: celcom
broadband, digi and maxcis .
 Speed of access
~The speed of the site governs how quick the response
is to a request for information from the end user
~small number user accessing will not noticeable delay
on requests for page
~speed of the server mainly controlled by the amount
of primary storage
~important point whether the server is dedicated or
shared
~the speed also governed by the speed of the network
connection, referred to as the network bandwidth
 Availability
~refer to the amount of time that a web site is
available to customer for company offering 24/7
Managing employee access to internet
 Prevent staff downloading, receiving or
sending offensive content such as
pornographic or racist material,
 Help protect corporate networks from viruses
and worm
 Improve productivity employee and reduce
data network costs
 Eliminating time-wasting emails such as joke,
stories, video clips and chain letters
Focus on new access devices
Mobile access devices

 Mobile phones: A mobile phone or mobile

(also called cell phone and hand phone) is an
electronic device used for mobile
telecommunications over a cellular network of
specialized base stations known as cell sites.
 Smartphones

 Smartphones : A smartphone is a
mobile phone offering advanced
capabilities, often with PC-like
functionality
 PDA

 PDA (Personal Digital Assistants) : also

known as a palmtop computer, is a mobile
device which functions as a Personal
information manager and connects to the
internet.
Mobile or Wireless Internet Access
Consumer Proposition
Element of proposition Evaluation
No fixed location User is free from the need to access via
only desktop
Location-based services Mobile can use to show the place where
ever you are. E.g GPS
Instant access Always on GPRS and 3G for lengthy
connection.
Privacy Mobile are more private than desktop
access.
Personalization Can set up personal information
Security More secure because mobile phone is in a
form of wallet.
 What would benefit you?
- Learning about new technology

- Improve corporate image & Branding

- Consumer retention

- consumer acquisition
- early mover advantage.
Wifi Mobile Access

 High speed wireless local area network

 Wifi hotspots : Allow costumer to online with
their laptop or mobile phone.
Strategies for mobile commerce

 Marketing communication
(To support purchase, band adverts)

 E-commerce
(online business)

 Brand building
Interactive digital TV (iDTV)

 is a television set with a built in digital tuner. Most of them

also allow reception of analogue signals. They do away with
the need for a set top box for converting those signals for
reception on a television.
 In January 2003 in the UK, the new level of access in new
media was reported as

1. Mobile phone = 77%

2. Use internet anywhere= 48%
3. Have digital TV = 40%
HDTV
 High-definition television (or HDTV, or just HD) refers to video having
resolution substantially higher than traditional television systems
(standard-definition TV, or SDTV, or SD). HD has one or two million
pixels per frame, roughly five times that of SD. Early HDTV broadcasting
used analog techniques, but today HDTV is digitally broadcast using
video compression.
 In the UK, it is a must for everyone to have a HDTV with the HD
resolution by 2010.
Interactive digital TV
consumer preposition

Element of preposition Evaluation

Instant access Availably rapidly
Personalization Less practical than PC and mobile phone
because only several viewer
Security Credit card detail can be held by the
iDTV provider. Making it unnecessarily to
enter personal detail.
3 Alternative types of interactivity that online
marketer can exploit.

 Distribution interactivity
E.g: Video on demand
 Information interactivity
E.g: Play games and chatting via SMS and advert product
on TV
 Participation interactivity
E.g: Viewer can choose different camera angle in a football
match. There's no return path in this case.
 Component of an Interactive digital TV
system

Cable

Satellite
dish

Smart
card

Remote
control

decoder
Conclusion

 Managers of e-commerce services need to

monitor the adoption of new access devices
for the internet.
 An e-commerce infrastructure should be
designed to readily enable new access media
as they develop.