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System Approach

The document defines a system as a set of interacting or interdependent entities that form an integrated whole. Key characteristics of systems include structure, behavior, and interconnectivity between parts. Systems can be open, closed, or isolated depending on whether they exchange matter and/or energy with their environment. A subsystem is a smaller system that is part of a larger system. The system approach emphasizes viewing a system holistically and understanding emergent properties that are greater than the sum of parts. Specialization, grouping, coordination, and feedback/regulation are important concepts in analyzing systems.

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Rohit Chaudhary
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9K views11 pages

System Approach

The document defines a system as a set of interacting or interdependent entities that form an integrated whole. Key characteristics of systems include structure, behavior, and interconnectivity between parts. Systems can be open, closed, or isolated depending on whether they exchange matter and/or energy with their environment. A subsystem is a smaller system that is part of a larger system. The system approach emphasizes viewing a system holistically and understanding emergent properties that are greater than the sum of parts. Specialization, grouping, coordination, and feedback/regulation are important concepts in analyzing systems.

Uploaded by

Rohit Chaudhary
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT or read online on Scribd
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System Approach

System

System is a set of interacting or interdependent


entities forming an integrated whole.
System emphasizing a fair degree of integration and
a holistic view(whole is greater than sum of its part).
The term system may also refer to a set of rules that
governs behavior or structure.
A group of independent but interrelated elements
comprising a unified whole.
Characteristic of a system

• Systems have structure, defined by parts and their


composition;
• Systems have behavior, which involves inputs,
processing and outputs of material, energy or
information;
• Systems have interconnectivity: the various parts of
a system have functional as well as structural
relationships between each other.
• System(s) have by itself function(s) or group of
functions .
Types of a System

• An open system exchanges matter and energy with


its surroundings. Most systems are open systems;
like a Human Beings.
• A closed system exchanges energy, but not matter,
with its environment; like Watch, Earth.
• An isolated system exchanges neither matter nor
energy with its environment; a theoretical example
of which would be the universe.
Subsystem

A subsystem is a set of elements, which is a system


itself, and a part of a larger system.
Example- Tula’s institute is a system and different
departments are subsystem which acts as a separate
system.
System Approach

Interdependence of objects and there


attributes- independent elements can never
constitute a system
Holism – emergent properties not possible to
detect by analysis , should be possible to defined by
holistic approach .
Goal seeking – system interaction must result in
some goal or final state
System approach

Input and output- in a closed system input are


determined once and constant , in open system
additional inputs are admitted from the environment
Transformation of input into output- This is
the process by which goal are obtained.
Entropy- Amount of disorder and randomness
present in any system.(is a measure of the number of
ways in which a system may be arranged). Higher
the entropy , higher the disorder.
System approach

Regulation- A method of feedback is necessary for


the system to operate predictably
Hierarchy- Complex whole are made up of smaller
subsystem
Differentiation – Specialized unit perform
specialized function
Equifinality- Alternative way to attaining the
same objective
Major concepts comes in system approach

Specialization
Grouping
Coordination
Emergent properties
Major concepts comes in system approach

Specialization - System is divided into smaller


components allowing more specialized
concentration on each component
Grouping - To avoid generating greater complexity
with increasing specialization it becomes necessary
to group related discipline or sub discipline
Major concepts comes in system approach

Coordination- As the components and the sub


continent of system are group it necessary to
coordinate the interaction among groups.
Emergent properties – Dividing a system into
subsystem required recognizes and understanding
the emergent properties of system i.e. recognizes
why the system as a whole is greater than some of its
parts.

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