[SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY

Bab 2: CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANIZATION

Answer all questions from this section.

1. Diagram 1 shows four levels of cell organization in humans.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan empat aras organisasi sel dalam manusia.

Diagram 1 / rajah 1
(a) Complete table 1 by naming level 2 and level 3.
Level/Aras Name/Nama
1 Cells/sel
2
3
4 System/sistem

(b) (i) The cells undergo process X to become specific cells that perform a specific function.
Name process X.
__________________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)
(ii) What is the function of the structure in level 2?
Apakah fungsi struktur pada aras 2?
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 markah)
(iii) The structure in level 4 is one of the body systems. Name this system
Struktur dalam aras 4 adalah satu daripada system badan. Namakan system ini.
____________________________________________________________________________
_
( 1 markah)
(iv) State one function of the system in 2(b)(iii).
Nyatakan satu fungsi di 2(b)(iii)
__________________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Siti Mazura Mat Husin @ SMK Saujana, Setiu, Terengganu

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(c) (i) Name and explain the condition which can cause a blockage in blood vessel S.
Namakan dan terangkan keadaan yang boleh menyebabkan berlakunya penyembahan
dalam salur darah
Name/nama:
__________________________________________________________________
Explanation /penerangan :
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
__
( 3 markah)
(ii) A person is suffering from the condition in 2(c)(i). State three effects on the person’s
health.
Seorang individu mengalami keadaan di 2(c)(i). Nyatakan tiga kesan kesihatannya.
1 _______________________________________________________________________
2 _______________________________________________________________________
3 _______________________________________________________________________
( 3 markah)
2. Diagram 2 shows the structure of a plant cell.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan struktur satu sel tumbuhan.

Diagram 2/ rajah 2
(i) Name organelle T
Namakan organel T
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 markah)
(ii) State two functions of the Golgi apparatus.
Nyatakan dua fungsi jasad Golgi.
1. _______________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________
(2 markah)
(a) (i) Name the structure in the chloroplast which is involved in the light reaction of
photosynthesis.
Namakan struktur dalam kloroplas yang terlibat dalam tindak balas cahaya fotosintesis
__________________________________________________________________________
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Siti Mazura Mat Husin @ SMK Saujana, Setiu, Terengganu
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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
(1 markah)
(ii) Describe briefly the function of the chloroplast in photosynthesis.
Jelaskan dengan ringkas fungsi kloroplas dalam fotosintesis.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(2 markah)
(b) A housewife decide to make salted cabbage. She immersed the cabbage in salt solution for a
certain period of time.
Seorang surirumah bercadang untuk membuat kobis masin. Dia merendam kobis itu ke dalam
larutan garamm pekat pada tempoh masa tertentu.
(i) Draw a labeled diagram of the condition of one the cabbage cells after being immersed in
the concentrated salt solution.
Lukis rajah berlabel keadaan satu sel kobis itu selepas direndam dalam larutan pekat itu.

( 2 markah)
(ii) What has happened to the cell in the concentrated salt solution? Explain how this
happened.
Apakah yang berlaku kepada sel di dalam larutan garam pekat itu? Terangkan bagaimana
ini berlaku.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(4 markah)
Total : 12 markah

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Siti Mazura Mat Husin @ SMK Saujana, Setiu, Terengganu

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY

3. Diagram 3 shows a plant cell as seen under electron microscope.

Diagram 3/ rajah 3
(a) (i) On diagram 3, label the structures P, Q, R and S.
Pada rajah 3, labelkan struktur P, Q,R dan S.
(4 markah)
(ii) State the function of structure :
Nyatakan fungsi struktur :
R:________________________________________________________________________
S:________________________________________________________________________
(2 markah)
(b) Explain the role of P to maintain cell turgidity.
Terangkan peranan P dalam mengekalkan kesegahan sel.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
(2 markah)
(c) Every somatic cell which contains structure Q has a potential to form a complete new
organism.
Setiap sel soma yang mengandungi struktur Q berpotensi untuk membentuk organism baru
yang serba lengkap.
(i) Name the technique used to produce new plants in large quantities.
Namakan teknik yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan pokok-pokok baru dengan banyak.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(2 markah)
(ii) By using one suitable part of the plant, explain the technique in 1(c) (i).
Dengan menggunakan satu bahagian tumbuhan yang sesuai, huraikan teknik di 1(c) (i).
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(4 markah)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Siti Mazura Mat Husin @ SMK Saujana, Setiu, Terengganu

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
Total : 13 markah
4. Diagram 4 shows cell organisation in plant. Cells J undergo differentiation and specialisation to
form several tissues in a leaf of a green plant.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan organisasi sel dalam satu tumbuhan. Sel-sel J mengalami pembezaan dan
pengkhususan untuk membentuk beberapa tisu dalam satu tumbuhan hijau.

Diagram 4/ rajah 4
(a) Name tissue K and tissue L.
Namakan tisu K dan L
K : …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
L: …………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2 marks]
(b) State the function of cells K and M in a leaf.
Nyatakan fungsi sel K dan M dalam sehelai daun
K : ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
M: …………………………………………………………………………………………...………
[2 marks]
(c) (i) Explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.
Terangkan pembezaan sel J dalam membentuk tisu xilem.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Siti Mazura Mat Husin @ SMK Saujana, Setiu, Terengganu

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
(ii) During the formation of the xylem tissue, the plant was unable to synthesise lignin.
Explain the effect on the function of the leaf.
Sewaktu pembentukan tisu xylem, satu tumbuhan gagal mensistesis lignin. Terangkan
kesannya ke atas fungsi daun tumbuhan tersebut.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(d) Based on diagram 4, state the meaning of cell specialization.
Berdasarkan rajah 4, nyatakan maksud pengkhususan sel.
………………………………………………………………….……………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….…………………………
[2 marks]
(e) Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of a plant.
Explain the adaptation of tissue L to enable the leaf to carry out its function.
Daun adalah organ utama fotosintesis sesuatu tumbuhan
Terangkan adaptasi tisu L untuk membolehkannya menjalankan fungsinya
…………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………….……….
…………………………………………………………
………………………………………...……………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
Lonjakan Saujana SPM Melaka 2009 Q: 1
TOTAL: 12 markah
5. Diagram I shows three types of human cells, P, Q and R
Rajah I menunjukkan tiga jenis sel manusia, P, Q dan R

Diagram I/Rajah I
(a) (i) Name cell P, Q and R.
Namakan sel P, Q dan R.
P:______________________________
Q: ______________________________

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Siti Mazura Mat Husin @ SMK Saujana, Setiu, Terengganu

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R: ________________________________
[3 marks]
(ii) State the function of P.
__________________________________________________________________________
[I mark]
(iii) Explain ONE special characteristic of cell P which enables it to carry out the function you
stated in (a)(ii) efficiently.
Terangkan SATU ciri istimewa sel P yang membolehkannya menjalankan tugas yang anda
nyatakan dalam (a)(ii) dengan cekap.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
[ 2 markah]
(b) (i) What is tissue?
Apakah tisu?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
[ 1 markah]
(ii) Cells P, Q and R will form specific organs and system in the human body. Complete the
following table.
Sel P, Q dan R akan membentuk organ dan system tertentu dalam tubuh manusia.
Lengkapkan jadual berikut.

Type of cell Type of system

Jenis sel Jenis system
P
Q
R
[ 3 markah]
(c) Explain why multicellular organism need cell organism as compared to unicellular organisms
Terangkan mengapa organism multisel memerlukan organisasi sel berbanding dengan
organism unisel.

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
[ 3 markah]
Trial perak 2009 Q:1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Siti Mazura Mat Husin @ SMK Saujana, Setiu, Terengganu

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY

6. Diagram 6.1 shows organelles Q, R and S that are found in a cell.

Diagram 6.1/ Rajah 6.1

(a) (i) Name R/ Namakan R
R: ________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)
(ii) State the funtion of organelles Q and S
Nyatakan fungsi organel Q and S
Q: _____________________________________________________________________-__
S: ________________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)
(b) (i) Name an organ in human where organelles R are abundantly found.
Namakan organ manusia di mana organel R dijumpai dengan banyaknya.

__________________________________________________________________________( 1
markah)
(ii) Explain the role of organelles R to human
Terangkan peranan organel R kepada manusia.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
( 3 markah)
(c) Diagram 6.2 shows structure T which contains a large number of Q.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan struktur T yang mengandungi organel Q dalam jumlah yang banyak.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Siti Mazura Mat Husin @ SMK Saujana, Setiu, Terengganu

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY

Rajah 6.2
(i) Explain why cell T has a large number of Q.
Terangkan mengapa sel T mengandungi banyak organel Q.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
( 3 markah)
(ii) Q are absent in the sperm. Explain the effect of the absence of Q to the functions of
sperm.
Q tidak hadir dalam sperma. Terangkan kesan ketidakhadiran Q terhadap fungsi sperma.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)
Trial Selangor 2009 Q:1
7. Sel X dalam rajah 7 menunjukkan struktur tipikal satu sel tumbuhan

Rajah 1
(a) (i) labelkan P,Q, R dan S
P: ___________________________________
Q: ___________________________________
R: ___________________________________
S: ___________________________________
( 2 markah)
(ii) Nyatakan fungsi P dan Q
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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
P: _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Q: _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)
(b) (i) Namakan organ di mana R paling padat di dapati

__________________________________________________________________________( 1
markah)
(ii) Lukiskan keratan rentas organ yang anda namakan di (b)(i)?

( 2 markah)
(c) (i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan tisu dan organ?
Tisu : ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Organ : ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)

(ii) Tisu dan organ tidak terdapat pada organism unisel. Terangkan.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)
(iii) Terangkan mengapa organism multisel perlu kepada organisasi sel.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
( 3 markah)
Learning to Score , Perak 2006 Q:1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Siti Mazura Mat Husin @ SMK Saujana, Setiu, Terengganu

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
Bab 3: MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS PLASMA MEMBRANE
1. Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2 show two different types of movement of substances across the
plasma membrane.
Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan dua jenis pergerakan yang berbeza bagi bahan merentasi
membrane plasma.

Diagram 1.1/ rajah 1.1

Diagram 1.2/Rajah 1.2

(a) In diagram 1.1 label the following structures:

Pada rajah 1.1, label struktur –struktur berikut :
 phospholipid bilayer, with letter J
dwilapisan fosfolipid, dengan huruf J

 carrier protein, with letter K

protein pembawa, dengan huruf K

(b) State two characteristics of the phospholipid bilayer.

Nyatakan dua cirri dwilapisan fosfolipid.
1. __________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
(c) Name the process of the movement of substances across the plasma membrane as shown in
diagram 1.1 and diagram 1.2.
Namakan proses pergerakan bahan merentasi membrane plasma yang ditunjukkan pada rajah
1.1 dan rajah 1.2.
Process in diagram 1.1/ proses pada rajah 1.1
________________________________________________________________________________
Process in diagram 1.2/ proses pada rajah 1.2
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2 markah)

(d) (i) Glucose molecules are transported across the plasma membrane into the cell through
the process shown in diagram 1.1. Explain why.
Molekul-molekul glukosa diangkut ke sel merentasi membrane plasma melalui proses yang
ditunjukkan pada rajah 1.1. Terangkan mengapa.

( 2 markah)
If the substances in diagram 1.2 are calcium ions, describe how they are transported into
the cell.
Jika bahan pada rajah 1.2 adalah ion-ion kalsium, huraikan bagaimana ion-ion kalsium
tersebut diangkut ke dalam sel.

( 4 markah)

2. Rajah 2 menunjukkan model bendalir mozek membrane plasma.

J :_____________________________

K:_____________________________

L:
_____________________________

M : ____________________________

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
a. Labelkan mana-mana dua struktur J,K,L atau M dengan menggunakan istilah-istilah berikut:

Protein pembawa Kepala hidrofilik Protein liang

Ekor hidrofobik Kolesterol

(1 markah)
b. Molekul boleh melalui struktur L dalam rajah 2 secara resapan berbantu.
i) Nyatakan satu ciri molekul yang boleh merentasi struktur L.

(1 markah)
ii) Terangkan bagaimana molekul melalui struktur L.

(3 markah)

c. Nyatakan satu sifat membrane plasma berdasarkan model pada rajah 2.

(1 markah)
d. Menggunakan mekanisme pergerakan bahan merentasi membrane plasma secara osmosis:
i) Terangkan mengapa makanan diawet menggunakan larutan gula yang pekat.

(3 markah)
ii) Lakarkan satu gambarajah untuk menunjukkan pergerakan bahan yang telah anda
terangkan di (d)(i)

(3 markah)
TOTAL (12 markah)

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
3. Diagram 3 shows the structure of a plasma membrane.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan struktur membrane plasma.

Diagram 3/ rajah 3
(a) Name the parts labeled Q and R
Namakan bahagian yang berlabel Q dan R
P: ______________________________________________________
Q: ______________________________________________________
[ 2 markah]
(b) (i) State the component of structure P
Nyatakan komponen struktur P
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
[ 1 markah]
(ii) Explain the main function of P
Terangkan fungsi utama P
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
__
[ 1 markah]
(c) The plasma membrane is said to be semi-permeable. What is the meaning of ‘semi-
permeable’
Membrane plasma dikatakn bersifat separa telap. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan separa
telap.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
[ 1 markah]

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY

(d) Graph in diagram 1.2 shows the percentage of red blood cells that are burst or shrink when
placed in salt solution of different concentration.
Graf dalam rajah 1.2 menunjukkan peratus sel darah merah yang pecah atau mengecut apabila
dimasukkan ke dalam larutan garam yang berbeza kepekatan.
(i) Based on the graph given, state the concentration which is isotonic to blood plasma.
Berdasarkan graf yang diberi, nyatakan kepekatan larutan yang isotonic terhadap plasma
darah.
__________________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)
(ii) Explain you answer in (b)(i)
Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b)(ii)
__________________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)
(iii) Comment on the osmotic pressure at Q.
Berikan ulasan tentang tekanan osmosis di Q
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
(e) The concentration of ions inside root cells is up to 100 times greater than the soil. Anyway,
the ions are still transported into the cells by active transport.
Kepekatan ion di dalam sel akar adalah 100 kali lebih tinggi berbanding di dalam tanah.
Walaubagaimanapun, ion-ion tersebut masih diangkut ke dalam sel secara pengangkutan aktif.
(i) Define active transport.
Takrifkan pengangkutan aktif.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)
(ii) Explain what will happen to the uptake of the ions by root cells if the roots are immersed
in a solution containing metabolic poisons such as cyanide.
Terangkan apa yang akan berlaku terhadap pengangkutan ion oleh sel akar jika akr tersebut
direndam di dalam larutan yang mengandungi racun metabolic seperti sianida.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(3 markah)
Trial Pahang 2009 Q:1
4. Diagram 4.1 shows a root hair cell from plant R and the surrounding soil particles.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sel akar rambut tumbuhan R dan butiran tanah di sekelilingnya.

Diagram 4.1/ rajah 4.1

(a) (i) Name the process
by which root hair cells
absorb water. Define
the process in a (i).
Namakan proses di
mana sel akar rambut
menyerap air. Berikan
definisi proses di a(i)

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)
(b) Based on diagram 1, which of the region X and Y has
Berdasarkan rajah 1, yang manakah antara X dan Y mempunyai
(i) Lower water concentration

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
Kepekatan air yang lebih rendah
__________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Higher water concentration
Kepekatan air yang tinggi
__________________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)
(c) Draw an arrow on Diagram 4 show the movement of water in a root hair cells of plant R.
Lukiskan anak panah pada rajah 4 untuk menunjukkan penyerapan air pada sel akar rambut
bagi tumbuhan R.
( 1 markah)
(d) A farmer applied a large quantity of fertilizer on plant R. predict and explain what will
happen with plant R in a few days.
Seorang petani menaburkan baja yang berlebihan pada tumbuhan R. Ramal dan terangkan
apakah yang berlaku pada tumbuhan R selepas bebrapa hari.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
( 3 markah)
(e) Photograph 1 shows two fresh raw eggs with their shells removed with acid which have been
soaked for one hour into solution P and Q respectively.
Explain the processes which occur in both P and Q
Terangkan proses yang berlaku dalam P dan Q
P: _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Q: _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
( 4 markah)
Trial SBP 2009 Q:1

5. Rajah 2 (a)(i) menunjukkan keadaan eritrosit manusia sebelum direndam dalam larutan garam
0.60 g/100 cm³.

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Rajah 2 (a)(ii) menunjukkan keadaan eritrosit tersebut selepas direndam dalam larutan garam
0.60 g/100 cm3.

Sebelum direndam Selepas direndam

RAJAH 2(a)(i) RAJAH 2(a)(ii)

(a) (i) Berdasarkan Rajah 2(ii) namakan keadaan yang dialami oleh sel tersebut.
_____________________________________________________________________________
[ 1 markah ]
(ii) Apakah yang menyebabkan berlakunya keadaan yang anda namakan di (a)(i). Terangkan
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
[ 2 markah ]
(b) (i) Eritrosit pada Rajah 2 (a)(ii) kemudiannya direndam ke dalam larutan garam berkepekatan
0.35 g/100cm³ selama 30 minit. Ramalkan keadaan sel selepas tempoh tersebut.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
[ 1 markah ]
(ii) Berikan alasan bagi jawapan anda di b(i).
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
[ 2 markah ]

(c) Sekiranya sel eritrosit dalam Rajah 2 (a)(i) diganti dengan sel epidermis bawang, ramalkan apa
yang akan berlaku. Berikan alasan bagi jawapan anda.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
[ 3 markah ]

(d) Seorang nelayan menyimpan ikan yang telah dimasinkan supaya ikan lebih tahan lebih lama.
Jelaskan pernyataan ini.

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_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
[ 3 markah ]

Bab 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

1. Diagram 1.1 shows types of carbohydrates J, K and L

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Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan jenis-jenis karbohidrat J, K dan L

Diagram 1.1/ rajah 1.1

(a) (i) Name the types of carbohydrates labeled J and K.

Namakan jenis karbohidrat berlabel J dan K.
J: ___________________________________________________
K: __________________________________________________
( 2 markah)
(ii) Name the process where K is converted to L
Namakan proses di mana K ditukarkan kepada L

( 1 markah)
(iii) L is food storage in plant cell. Give one example of L
L adalah simpanan makanan di dalam sel tumbuhan. Beri satu contoh L

( 1 markah)
Trial Kelantan 2009 Q:1

2. Rajah 2(a) menunjukkan tindakan enzim lipase.

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Rajah 2(a)
a. (i) Labelkan P,Q, R dan S pada rajah 2(a).
(4 markah)
(ii) Nyatakan 2 ciri P.
1 ________________________________________________________________
2 _________________________________________________________________
(2 markah)
b. (i) Nyatakan prinsip tindakan enzim seperti pada rajah 2(a)
____________________________________________________________________
(1 markah)
(ii) Apakah yang boleh anda rumuskan tentang enzim lipase berdasarkan rajah 2(a)?
____________________________________________________________________
(1 markah)
c. Enzim digunakan secara meluas dalam industry.
Nyatakan satu kegunaan enzim lipase dalam industry makanan.
_______________________________________________________________________
(1 markah)
d. Suhu bagi tindakbalas satu enzim lipase berlaku dinaikkan melebihi 60˚C. Nyatakan kesannya
ke atas kuantiti hasil tindak balas itu. Terangkan jawapan anda.
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)

e. Rajah 2(b) menunjukkan satu kotak serbuk pencuci.

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY

JENAMA X
Serbuk pencuci
ditambah enzim

Suhu 40˚ C

Diagram 2(b)/ rajah 2(b)

Seorang suri rumah menggunakan air sejuk untuk mencuci pakaiannya dengan serbuk
pencuci jenama X. Didapati kurang berkesan. Dengan menggunakan maklumat di atas,
terangkan mengapa.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
(2 markah)
3. Diagram 3.1 shows two different structures of compound X.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan dua struktur yang berlainan bagi sebatian X.

S:______________________________ T: ____________________________
Diagram 3.1/ rajah 3.1
(a) (i) Label structure S and T
Label struktur S dan T
[2 mark]
(ii) State what compound X is .
Nyatakan apakah sebatian X.
__________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii) State the monomer of the structures shown in diagram 3.1.
Nyatakan monomer bagi struktur di dalam Rajah 3.1
____________________________________________________________________________
_

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Siti Mazura Mat Husin @ SMK Saujana, Setiu, Terengganu

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[1 mark]
(b) A patient’s pancreatic cells have been found to be unable to produce a compound X that
has structure T. Explain the effect of this to his digestive system.
Sel pankreas seorang pesakit didapati gagal untuk menghasilkan sebatian X yang
mempunyai struktur S. Terangkan kesannya kepada system penghadaman pesakit ini.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
Trial Melaka 2008 Q:2

4. Figure 4.1 shows the organelles involved during the synthesis and secretion of an enzyme in an
equal animal cell.

R
P

Figure 4.1 / rajah 4.1

(a) Name the organelles labeled P and R.
Namakan organel yang berlabel P dan R.
P: ___________________________________________________________________________
Q: ___________________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)
(b) (i) State the function of organelle S.
Nyatakan fungsi organel S
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)
(ii) Explain the role of organelle Q in the synthesis of the enzyme.
Terangkan peranan organel Q dalam sintesis enzim.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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( 2 markah)

(c) Explain how enzymes act in:

Terangkan bagaimana enzim bertindak dalam:
(i) Helping to cook meat
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)
(ii) Extracting agar from seaweeds
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
( 3 markah)

(d) Figure 4.2 shows the structure of an enzyme and three substances W, X and Y.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan struktur satu enzim dan substrat W, substrat X dan substrat Y.

Enzyme / enzim W X Y
Figure 4.2/ rajah 4.2
Based on figure 4.2 complete the schematic diagram below to show the mechanism of
enzyme action on a suitable substance.
Berdasarkan rajah 4.2, lengkapkan rajah skema di bawah bagi menunjukkan mekanisme
tindakan enzim ke atas substrat yang sesuai.

+ Substrat/ substrat
Enzyme + substrat
Enzim + substrat
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Enzyme- substrate Complex

Kompleks Enzim-Substrat

Enzyme + Product
+ Product/ hasil

Enzim + hasil
( 2 markah)

5. Diagram 5.1 shows a nucleotide from a DNA molecule.

Rajah 5.1 menunjukan satu nucleotide daripada satu molekul DNA.

P
Q

Pentose sugar
Gula pentosa

Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1

(a) Name the structures P and Q,

P: ____________________________
Q:____________________________
( 2 markah)

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
(b) A DNA molecule consists of two nucleotide chains. Complete the diagram 5.2 to show a DNA
molecule. Part of one of the nucleotide chains has been drawn.

( 3 markah)

6. Diagram 6.1 shows the production of extracellular enzymes.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan penghasilan enzim luar sel.

Diagram 6.1 / rajah 6.1

(a) (i) Name the organelles labeled S and T.
Namakan organel berlabel S dan T.
S: __________________________________________
T: __________________________________________
[ 2 markah]
(ii) State the function of organelle T
Nyatakan fungsi organel T
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
[ 1 markah]

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
(b) Synthesis of molecule Y is a very specific process. It depends on the information contained in
molecule X.
Sintesis molekuY adalah proses yang spesifik. Ia bergantung kepada maklumat yang terdapat
dalam molekul X.
(i) Name X
Namakan X
_______________________________________________
[ 1 markah]
(ii) Explain how information is carried out from the nucleus to organelle S.
Terangkan bagaimana maklumat ini di bawa keluar dari nucleus ke organel S.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
[ 2 markah]
(Trial Perak 2009 Q:2)

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
Bab 5: cell Division
1. Diagram 1.1 shows part of the stages of a meiosis cell division in an animal cell.
The chromosome behavior in stages S is not shown.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada peringkat pembahagian sel secara meiosis dalam satu
sel haiwan.
Perlakuan kromosom di peringkat S tidak ditunjukkan.

(a) Name the structure labeled X

Namakan struktur berlabel X
_____________________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)

(b) (i) In diagram 1.1 complete the diagram in stage S to show the chromosome behavior.
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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
Dalam rajah 1.1, lengkapkan rajah diperingkat S untuk menunjukkan perlakuan kromosom.
( 1 markah)
(ii) State one of the changes which occurs in stage S
Nyatakan satu perubahan yang berlaku diperingkat S.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 markah)
(c) Diagram 1.2 shows process Y which takes place in stage P.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan proses Y yang berlaku di peringkat P.

Beginning of process Y End of process Y

Permulaan proses Y Akhir proses Y

(i) In diagram 1.2, draw a diagram showing the appearance of the chromosome at the end of
process Y.
Dalam rajah 1.2, lukis rajah yang menunjukkan rupa kromosom di akhir proses Y.
( 1 markah)
(ii) Name process Y.
Namakan proses Y
__________________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)
(iii) State one importance of process Y to an organism.
Nyatakan satu kepentingan proses Y kepada sesuatu organism.
__________________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)

(d) Diagram 1.3 shows skin cells. Cells X are cancerous cells which are formed after the normal
cells are exposed to factor W.
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Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan sel-sel kulit. Sel-sel X adal sel kanser yang terbentuk selepas sel-sel
normal terdedah kepada factor W.

Diagram 1.3/ rajah 1.3

(i) Give two examples of factor W
Berikan dua contoh factor W
1. _______________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)
(ii) Explain the formation of cells X
Terangkan pembentukan sel X.
__________________________________________________________________________-
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)
(iii) State two ways to prevent the development of cells X
Nyatakan dua cara untuk mengelakkan perkembangan sel X.
1. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)
Jumlah : 12 markah

2. Figure 2 shows cells P and Q undergoing cell division

Rajah 2 menunjukkan sel P dan sel Q yang sedang mengalami pembahagian sel.

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY

(a) (i) Name the structures labeled K and L.

Namakan struktur-struktur yang berlabel K dan L
K: ________________________________________________________________________
L: ________________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)
(ii) State the phase of division of cells P and Q.
Nyatakan fasa pembahagian sel P dan sel Q
Cell P/sel P : _____________________________________________________________
Cell Q/ sel Q : _____________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)

(b) Cell P undergoes three consecutive divisions. How many daughter cells are produced?
Sel P mengalami pembahagian sebanyak tiga kali berturut-turut. Berapakah bilangan sel anak
yang terhasil?
_____________________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)
(c) (i) Cell Q undergoes the first nuclear division and produces two cells.
Sel Q mengalami pembahagian nucleus pertama dan menghasilkan dua sel.
Complete the diagram to show the chromosomes in one of the cells produced.
Lengkapkan rajah untuk menunjukkan kromosom dalam satu daripada dua sel yang
terhasil.

( 1 markah)

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 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
(iv) Name one organ where cell Q is found .
Namakan satu organ di mana sel Q di dapati.
____________________________________________________________________________
_( 1 markah)
(v) The number of chromosomes in a somatic cell of a fly is 12. State the number of
chromosomes in a daughter cell produced at the end of the type of cell division as shown
by cell Q.
Bilangan kromosom dalam satu sel soma lalat ialah 12. Nyatakan bilangan kromosom yang
terdapat dalam sel anak yang dihasilkan di akhir jenis pembahagaian sel seperti yang
ditunjukkan oleh sel Q
__________________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)

(d) Cancer is a disease which caused uncontrolled growth of tissues. Radiotheraphy is a method
to treat cancer by using radiation. Explain how this treatment stops the grwth of cancer cells.
Kanser ialah penyakit yang menyebabkan pertumbuhan tisu tidak terkawal. Radioterapi adalah
satu kaedah rawatan penyakit kanser yang menggunakn inaran radioaktif. Terangkan bagaiman
rawatan ini menyekat pertumbuhan sel kanser.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)

(e) An oil palm planter wants to produce a large number of oil palms in a short time.
State the best technique to be used by the planter and one problem to be considered in
using the technique.
Seorang pengusaha kelapa sawit ingin menghasilkan pokok kelapa sawit yang banyak dalam
masa yang singkat.
Nyatakan teknik yang terbaik yang boleh digunakan oleh pengusaha itu dan satu masalah yang
perlu diambil kira dalam menggunakan teknik tersebut.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)
Total : 12
3. Diagram 3.1 shows three stages of mitosis P, Q and R, in an animal cell.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan tiga peringkat mitosis P,Q dan R dalam sel haiwan.

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P Q R
P: Q: R:

Diagram 3.1/ rajah 3.1

(a) Name the stages P,Q and R in the spaces provided in diagram 3.1
Namakan peringkat P, Q dan R dalam ruangan yang disediakan dalam rajah 3.1
( 3 markah)
(b) Explain what happens at stage Q
Terangkan apa yang berlaku pada peringkat Q
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
( 3 markah)
(c) State the chromosome behavior at the following stages:
Nyatakan perlakuan kromosom pada peringlat berikut:
Stage P/ peringkat P
_____________________________________________________________________________
Stage R/ peringkat R
_____________________________________________________________________________
( 2 markah)

(d) Explain the importance of mitosis in the process of cloning orchid plants.
Terangkan kepentingan mitosis dalam proses pengklonan pokok orkid.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
( 3 Markah)
(e) Diagram 3.2 shows a cell at stage p. In the next stage, it is found that chromosome m is not
separated.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan suatu sel pada peringkat P. Pada peringkat seterusnya, didapati
kromosom M tidak berpisah.

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Diagram 3.2/rajah 3.2

Complete the diagrams for the two daughter cells which will be formed in the space provided
below.
Lengkapkan rajah kedua-dua sel anak yang akan terbentuk pada ruang yang disediakan di bawah.

Daughter cell 1 Daughter cell 2

Sel anak 1 Sel anak 2
( 2 markah)
Total : 13 markah

4. Rajah 6 menunjukkan fasa X dan fasa Y dalam kitar sel bagi suatu organism. Fasa X terdiri
daripada tiga subfasa P, Q dan R. fasa Y terdiri daripada dua proses U dan V.
(a) (i) Namakan proses U.
__________________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)
(ii) Nyatakan dua peranan proses U dalam organisma.
1. _______________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________
(2 markah)
(b) Rajah 6 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat dalam proses U

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 n
i
r
e
p
V
I
t
a
k
g
proses U.
[SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ]

(ii) Namakan peringkat-peringkat dalam proses U

Peringkat
I
II
III
IV

(c) (i) Namakan fasa X dalam Rajah 6

Nama peringkat
BIOLOGY
(i) Berdasarkan Rajah 6 lengkapkan urutan yang betul bagi peringkat-peringkat dalam

__________________________________________________________________________(1

(ii) Huraikan apa yang berlaku di dalam sel semasa fasa X.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

bilangan lembu daging dengan banyak.

Huraikan teknik tersebut.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

2. Diagram 2.1 shows the cell cycle of an organism.

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( 1 markah)

( 1 Markah)

markah)

( 2 markah)
(d) Satu teknik yang melibatkan kitar sel seperti Rajah 6 boleh digunakan dalam bidang
penternakan lembu. Seorang penyelidik ingin menggunakan teknik itu untuk meningkatkan

(5 markah)
 [SCHOOL BREAK SPECIAL ] BIOLOGY
Diagram 2.1/rajah 2.1
(a) Name phase U in Diagram 2.1.
U:………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Phase U is further divided into three sub phases, X, Y and Z. Describe what happens at sub phases
X, Y and Z.
X: ………………………………………………………………………
Y: ………………………………………………………………………
Z: ………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
(c) The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a somatic cell is 6.
Diagram 2.2 shows a stage of cell division to produce gametes.

Diagram 2.2
Complete the diagram to show the chromosomes for a daughter cell produced
at the end of sub-phase Q.

[2 marks]

( d ) Explain how radiotherapy affected cell cycle in cancer treatment.

…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(e) (i) A farmer wants to breed a good variety of banana plants for commercial production. Suggest
a suitable method to be used and explain how the method named can increase the crop
yield.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………

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…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
(ii) State a problem that can occur when using this method..
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

3. Diagram 3.1 shows cell P and cell Q undergoes one of the stages for two types of cell division
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sel P dan Q yang sedang menjalani salah satu peringkat di dalam dua
pembahagian sel yang berbeza.

Diagram 3.1/ rajah 3.1

(a) (i) State the type of cell division shown in diagram 3.1
Namakan jenis pembahagian sel seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 3.1
P : …………………………………………………………………………………….
Q : ……………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
(iv) State a function of the two cell divisions mentioned in (a)(i).
Nyatakan satu fungsi bagi setiap pembahagian sel yang dinyatakan di (a)(i)
P : ………………………………………………………………………………….
Q : …………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
(d) Diagram 3.2 shows a cell cycle. On the cell cycle, label the stage shown by cell Q with a letter
Y
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan satu kitar sel. Pada kitar sel tersebut, labelkan peringkat yang
ditunjukkan oleh sel P dengan menngunakan huruf Y.

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Diagram 3.2/rajah 3.2

[1 mark]
(e) Draw a daughter cell of cell P and Q after both cells have completed the cell division. in the
boxes provided below.
Lakarkan sel anak bagi sel P dan Q selepas kedua-dua sel selesai menjalani proses pembahagian
sel di dalam kotak yang telah disediakan.

Cell P/Sel P Cell Q/ Sel Q

(4 markah)

(f) Ahmad has been exposed to gamma rays which results in the failure of structure R to be
formed. Explain the effects of this to the formation of the daughter cells of cell P.
Ahmad telah terdedah kepada sinaran gamma yang menyebabkan struktur R gagal
dihasilkan.Terangkan kesannya keatas penghasilan sel-sel anak bagi sel P
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….......
( 3 markah)
PERCUBAAN 2008 MELAKA

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