wkdif;&if

;&if;om;vlrsKd;EkdifiHa&;apmifhjunfhuGef,uf
Burma Ethnic Politics Watch Network (BEPWN))

owif;xkwf_yefcsuf (1) &ufpJG? ?22-

?22-5-2010?

ppfrSefaom_refrmh'Drdkua&pDpepf xlaxmifa&;wGif wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGhJ

tpnf;rsm;udkudk,fpm;_yKaom EkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;xJrS tcsKdhaomEkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;onf udk,fusKd;pGehf
^yD; tcsKdhonfudk,fusKd;&Smaeonfudk avhvmawGh&dS&ygonf? 4if;wkhd . aqmif&GufcsufESihf &yfwnf
csufudk _ynfwGif;_ynfy'Drdkua&pDvkdvm;ol_ynfolrsm; avhvmod&dSEdkif&ef trnfESihf wuG EkdifiHa&;
&yfwnfcsufudkpkpnf;vsuf xkwf_yeftyfygonf?
-4if;udk,fusKd;&Sm (Self-Interest Seeker) EkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;rSm-
(1) OD;[efanmifa0 (&Srf;) (,l&dkbm;rm;'g&dkufwmtzGhJ 0if)
ဘယ္လ္ဂ်ီယမ္ႏိုင္ငံ b&yfqJvf^rdKhta_cpdkuf (Euro-Burma) tr+aqmif'g&dkufwmtzGhJ 0ifwOD;
_zpfaom OD;[efanmifa0onf _refrmEkdifiHESihf uif;uGmonfhtcsdefumv ESpftawmfjum^yD _zpfyg
onf? _refrmh_ynfwGif;EkdifiHa&;udk aumif;rGefpmG oabmrayguf em;rvnfonfuwajumif;/ ppftm
%m&Sifrsm;. oabmobm0udk em;rvnfonfuwajumif;/ rdrd&yfwnfa&;twGuf aiGaju;vkd
tyfaer+uwajumif; ponfhtajumif;rsm;ajumifh tD;,ltzGhJ 0ifEdkifiHrsm;udk tajumif;trsKd;rsKd;_y
um &HyHkaiGawmif;cHaeajumif;/ 4if;tD;,ltzGhJ 0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf ,l&dkbm;rm;'g&dkufwmtzGhJ 0iftay:
,Hkjunfr+ajumifh aiGaju;rsm;axmufyhH aeajumif;udk teD;pyfqkH;vkyfazmfukdifzufwOD;xHrS ckdifvHk
aom"mwfyHk/ pm&Gufpmwrf;taxmuftxm;rsm;ESihf wuG ay;ydkho_zifh u|Efkyfwhdk avhvmcGihf&&Sdyg
onf? 4if;vlom;csif;pmemaomtaxmuftyHhtwGuf ay;tyfvSL'gef;onfhaiGrsm;udk tvGJokH;pm;
_yK^yD; 2010-a&G;aumufyGJ0ifa&muf,SOf^ydKifvkdaom _ynfwGif;wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm;udk aumf
r&Sif&Hk;okdh EkdifiHa&;ygwDrSwfyHkwifaponfht_yif 2010-a&G;aumufyJGukd,fpm;vS,favmif;twGuf
ay;oGif;rnfh usyfaiGig;odef;udk axmufyhHulnD&efurf;vSrf;ajumif; rSwfykHwifxm;onfh wkdif;&if;
om;EdkifiHa&;ygwDtcsKdhxHrS od&dS&ygonf?
OD;[efanmifa0.vkyfaqmifcsufonf _ynfwGif;'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkESifh tD;,lEkdifiH tzGhJ 0if
rsm;tjum; txift_rifvGJrSm;r+_zpfay:apEkdifonfudk u|Efkyfwkdhpdk;&drfaeygonf? _ynfwGif;wkdif;&if;
om;tcsif;csif;vnf; pdwf0rf;uGJ_ym;r+_zpfapEkdifonfukdvnf; pdk;&drfae&ygonf? xkhd ajumifh etz
ppftm%m&Sif oufqdk;&Snfjum_cif;ESifh EkdifiHwumwGifw&m;0ifap&ef wzufwvrf;rSulnDtm;ay;
&ma&muf&Sdajumif; awGh&Sd&ygo_zifh OD;[efanmifa0tm; (BEPWN) rS _yif;xefpmG @+wfcs^yD;
emrnfysufpm&if; (Black List) wGif xnfhoGif;ajunmonf?

2? a'gufwmqvdkifi;f vsefr+ef;(csif;) (_ynfy ENC tzGhJ 0if)

a'gufwmqvkdif;vsefr+ef;onf 1990-_ynfhESpftaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGwGif tEkdif&&Sdaom
csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJhcsKyf. taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;_zpfonf? 23-ygwD yl;aygif;zGhJ pnf;
xm;aom _ynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzGhJ csKyf (UNLD) . twGif;a&;rSL;tzGhJ
0ifwOD;vnf;_zpfcJhygonf? 1990-a&G;aumufyGJt^yD;wGif e0wrS tEkdif&v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f

1
rsm;udk tm%mv$Jay;rnfr[kwfajumif; od&dSvmo_zifh e0wtpdk;&rS olhtm; zrf;0&rf;xkwf^yD;
zrf;qD;rnf[k vdrfvnfa_ymqdkum _ynfyEkdifiHohdk xGufa_y;wdrf;a&SmifcJhygonf? _ynfy'Drkdua&pD
tiftm;pktwGif;wGif rdrdonf 'Drdkua&pDtwGuf axmif'%fuscHchJ onf[k vdrfvnfa_ymqdk^yD; rm
wifvlomuif; (Martin Luther king Jr award) qkukd rsufEmS a_ymifwdkuf^yD; wuf,lchJ ygonf?
a'gufwmqvkdif;vsefr+ef;onf ,l&dkbm;rm;&Hk; n$efjum;a&;rSL;tzGhJ 0ifwOD;_zpfaom OD;[efanmif
a0ESifhtjuHwlrdwfaqG_zpf^yD; _refrmh'Drkdua&pDukdckwkH;vkyfI olaX;_zpf&ef tm;xkwfaeajumif;/ 'Drdk
ua&pDvdkvm;aom _refrm_ynfolrsm;.&efol etzppftkyfcsKyfa&;pepf a&&Snfwnf^rJa&;twGuf
yHhykd;ulnDonfh wkdif;&if;om;opPmazmufwOD;_zpfajumif; 4if;. teD;uyfaygif;oif;aexkdifolwOD;
xHrS ckdifvHkaomtcsuftvuftaxmuftxm;rsm; ay;ykhd vmo_zifh (BEPWN) rS avhvmod&dS
&ygonf? xkdhajumifh a'gufwmqvkdif;vsefr+ef;onf _refrm_ynfolrsm;vdkvm;aom ppfrSefaom
'Drdkua&pD_zpfay:vma&;udkqefhusif^yD; etzppftkyfcsKyfa&;pepf jum&Snfckdif^rJa&;twGuf yHhydk;
ulnDol_zpfajumif;awGh&Sd&ygo_zifh a'gufwmqvdkif;vsefr+ef;tm; (BEPWN)rS_yif;xefpmG @+wfcs^yD;
emrnfysufpm&if; (Black List)wGif xnfhoGif;ajunmonf?

(3) pdkif;tkdufaygif;(&Srf;) (taxGaxG

xGtwGif;a&;rSL;-
;-&Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzGhJ csKyf)
(SNLD)
1990-taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGwGif v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f -23- ae&m_zifh 'kwd,
trwftrsm;qHk;tEkdif&&Sdaom (SNLD) .taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;_zpf^yD; (1993-1996) ckESpf
trsKd;om;nDvmcHokdhwufa&mufcJhzl;olwOD;_zpfonf?
2004-ckESpftrsKd;om;nDvmcH_yefvnfusif;yaomtcg trsKd;om;nDvmcHohdk wufa&muf&ef
ysufuGufr+ESifh etzrSzrf;qD;ta&;,l ESpf&Snfaxmif'%fcs_cif;udkcH&aom &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;acgif;
aqmif OuUX cGefxGef;OD;/ wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; pdkif;n$ehf vGif/ (SSA-N) tzGhJ em,u
AdkvfcsKyfaqxiftygt0if &Srf;rsKd;qufopfacgif;aqmifrsm; axmifoGif;tusOf;cscHae&pOf tcsKdh
aom&Srf;_ynfacgif;aqmifrsm; axmifwGif;wGif uG,fvGeftoufay;qyfchJ &onf? xkdohdk &Srf;trsKd;
om;EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm; toufESihf b0ukday;qyfaepOf etzrS wzufowfa&;qGJ twnf_yK
_yXmef;aom 2008-zGJhpnf;yHkta_ccHOya'udkta_ccH^yD; 2010-a&G;aumufyJG 0ifa&muf,SOf^ydKif&ef
pkdkif;tdkufaygif;acgif;aqmifaom (&Srf;wkdif;&if;om;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD) trnf_zifhaumfr&Sif&kH;wGif
ygwDrSwfyHkwif^yD; a&G;aumufyGJ0ifa&muf,SOf^ydKif&ef _yifqifaeajumif;udk u|Efkyfwhkd (BEPWN)
tzGJhrSavhvmawGh&Sd&ygonf? pdkif;tkdufaygif;onf &Srf;trsKd;om; tem*wfEkdifiHa&;udk vspfvsL@+
onfht_yif ppftm%m&SiftkyfcsKyfa&;pepfqkd; jum&SnfEkdifa&;ESifh EkdifiHwumtodtrSwf_yKa&;
twGuf tm;ay;ulnDaeajumif;udk &Srf;trsKd;om;wOD;xHrS cdkifvkHaomtaxmuftxm;ESihf wuG
wif_yvmo_zifh _refrmhwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;EkdifiHa&;apmifhjunfhuGef,uf (BEPWN)rS _yif;xefpmG
@+wfcs^yD; emrnfysufpm&if; (Black List) wGif xnfhoGif;ajunmonf?

(4) OD;pHomatmif (&ckdifcsif;) OuUX-^rdK ac:

ac: crdnDnGwfa&;tzGhJ

1990-a&G;aumufyGJrwkdifrD 23-ygwDzhJG pnf;xm;aom (UNLD)r[mrdwftzGhJ 0ifygwD_zpf^yD;

(UNLD) .obmywdtzGJh0ifwOD;vnf;_zpfchJ onf? 1990-ckESpfa&G;aumufyJGwGif &ckdif_ynfe,f
ausmufawmfrJqEMe,f v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;_zpfchJ pOf/ a&G;aumufyGJrwkdifcif (7)&uftvdk

2
wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJhudk,fpm;vS,favmif; OD;OD;omxGef;udk e0w rS zrf;qD;axmifcso_zifh
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ausmufawmf^rdKhe,f/ &ckdiftrsKd;om;tm;vHk;u rJay;axmufcHjuo_zifh ausmufawmf^rdKhe,f
v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f_zpfvmonf? (1993-2007) trsKd;om;nDvmcHwGif tptqHk;wufa&muf
^yD; tm%m&Sifpepfoufqkd;&Snfjuma&; zGhJ pnf;yHkOya'a&;qGJ&mwGif nDvmcHobmywdtzGhJ 0if
wOD;t_zpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? OD;pHomatmifonf 2010-a&G;aumufyJG 0ifa&muf,SOf^ydKif&ef
aumfr&Sif&Hk;wGif ^rdK ac: crdnD!Gwfa&;ygwDukd xyfrHrSwfykHwif&mwGif OD;aqmifaeol_zpfygonf?
4if;onf rJay;ol ausmufawmf^rdKhe,f&ckdif_ynfolrsm;udk opPmazmufonfht_yif etz ppftm%m
&Sif oufqdk;&Snfa&;twGuf tifwdkuftm;wdkufulnDolwOD;_zpfonf[k crdtrsKd;om;wOD;xHrS
wif_ycsuft& u|Efkyfwkdhod&Sd&ygonf?
xkdhajumifh OD;pHomatmifonf rJay;cJhol&cdkif_ynfolrsm;. qENESihf 'Drdkua&pDukd qehfusif
^yD; ppftm%m&Sifpepfw&m;0ifa&;udk taxmuftulay;onfhtwGuf (BEPWN)rS _yif;xefpmG
@+wfcs^yD; emrnfysufpm&if; (Black List) wGifxnfhoGif;ajunmonf?

(5) OD;apmzdvpf (c) OD;zdvpfqrf (0 vlrsKd;) em,u-

em,u- 0 trsKd;om;zGhH^zdK;wkd;wufa&;ygwD
1989-ckESpfwGifzGJhpnf;xm;aom (UNLD) r[mrdwftzGhJ 0ifygwDwck_zpfonfht_yif obm
ywdtzGJh0ifwOD;vnf; _zpfcJhonf? (1993-2007) trsKd;om;nDvmcHukd qHk;cef;wkdif wufa&muf
cJholvnf;_zpfygonf?
º0» _ynfe,f&&Sda&;twGuf vufeufukdifwdkufyJG0ifjudK;yrf;onfhumvwGif etzrS
0_ynfaoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&;wyfrawmf (UWSA) tm; e,f_cm;apmifhwyfzhJG wGifyg0if&ef trsKd;rsKd;
tjuyfudkifvsuf&Sdonf? etztpkd;&. e,f_cm;apmihfwyfzhJG _cif;udkvufrcHaom tjuD;rm;qHk; vuf
eufudkiftzGJh_zpfonfh (UWSA)onf tav#mhray;bJ _ywfom;pGmqefhusifaeonfh tcsdefumv
wGif 2008-zGJhpnf;yHkOya'udkaxmufcH^yD; 2010-a&G;aumufyJG0ifa&muf&ef 0trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;
nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtrnf_zifh aumfr&Sif&kH;wGif rSwfykHwifchJ olwOD;vnf; _zpfygonf? OD;zdvpfqrf.
&yfwnfcsufESifh vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf ppftm%m&Sifpepfukd EkdifiHwumrS w&m;0iftodtrSwf
_yKa&;twGuf yHhykd;ulnDaeolwOD;_zpfajumif; awGh&dS&onf? 4if;OD;apmzdvpf (ac:) OD;zdvpfqrf
onf 0_ynfolrsm;vdkvm;aom 'Drdkua&pDESihf vGwfvyfr+ukd rsufuG,f_yK^yD; rdrdukd,fuskKd;pD;yGm;
twGuf EkdifiHa&;udkvkyfpm;aeolwOD;_zpfajumif; 0trsKd;om;awmfvSefa&; tzGhJ 0ifwOD;rS ay;ykhd
vmaom tcsuftvuftaxmuftxm;rsm;udk u|Efkyfwhkd xHohdk a&muf7dSvmo_zifh avhvmod&dS&yg
onf?
okdh_zpfygI OD;apmzdvpf (ac:) OD;zdvpfqrftm; _yif;xefpGm@+wfcs^yD; emrnfysufpm&if;
(Black List) wGif xnfhoGif;ajunmonf?

(6) a'gufwmpm;yGJusHK (ucsif)

etzESifh ucsifvufeufudkiftzGhJ _zpfaom (KIO) jum; yGJpm;vkyfay;olwOD;_zpfonf?
ucsifESpfcsif;c&pf,meftzGJhcsKyf (Kachin Baptist Convention) omomemtzGhJ . tr+aqmif
tzGJh0ifwOD;_zpfcJh^yD; EkdifiH_cm;omoem_yKtzGhJ rsm;rS ay;tyfvSL'gef;cJhaom usyfodef; (1000) ausmf

3
udk udk,fusKd;twGuf tvGJoHk;pm;vkyfchJ o_zifh omoemtzGhJ rSxkwfy,f_cif;cH&ol_zpfonf? 4if;tvGJ
oHk;pm;vkyfcJhaom aiGaju;rsm;_zifh ^idrf;azmifa';&Sif;trnf_zifh NGO tzGhJ udkxlaxmifchJ ^yD;
etzppfacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh &if;ESD;pGmaygif;oif;cJholvnf;_zpfonf? ucsif_ynfolrsm;vdkvm;aom
'Drdkua&pDESifhvGwfa_rmufvdkr+qENudkqefhusif^yD; (KIO, KIA) xdyfwef;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk etz
acgif;aqmifrsm;rS rnfohkd rnfyHkudkifwG,f&rnfukd tjuHay;onfht_yif (KIO)acgif;aqmifrsm;.
tm;enf;csufudkvnf; t^rJowif;ay;ol_zpfaeajumif; autkdifatacgif;aqmifwOD;xHrS cdkifvkH
aomtcsuftvuftaxmuftxm;rsm;_zifh u|Efkyfwkhd avhvmod&dS&ygonf?
okdh_zpfygI a'gufwmpm;yGJusHKonf ucsiftrsKd;om;rsm;. tem*wfESihf 'Drkdua&pDta&;udk
vspfvsL@+ypfy,f^yD; rdrdukd,fusKd;twGuf etztpkd;&ESifhyl;aygif;^yD; 2010-a&G;aumufyJGukd EkdifiH
wumrStodtrSwf_yK&ef tzufzufrSulnDyhH ydk;aeol_zpfajumif; awGh&dS&ygo_zifh (BEPWN) rS
_yif;xefpGmqefhusif@+wfcs^yD; emrnfysufpm&if; (Black List) wGifxnhfoGif;ajunmonf?

(7) a'gufwmapm
mapmqd
apmqdkifrGefom (u&if) (OD;aESmufESihf tm&Hkajum txl;ukorm;awmf
orm;awmfjuD;)
2008-zGJhpnf;yHkOya'ay:aygufa&;twGuf 2004-2007 anmifESpfyifnDvmcHwGif wuf
a&mufcJhol_zpfonf?
u&if_ynfe,ftwGif; u&iftrsKd;om;rsm;tm; etzppfwyfrSae&m tESHhxkd;ppfqifonfh
umvwGif u&iftrsKd;orD;rsm;udkrk'drf;usifh_cif;/ owf_zwf_cif;/ u&ifaus;&Gmrsm;udkrD;@+hd zsufqD;_cif;
rsm;_yKvkyfo_zifh u&ifwdkif;&if;om;rsm;onf awmwGif;awmifwGif; xGufa_y;wdrf;a&Smif^yD; &Gmykef;
&Gma&Smifb0wGif 'k=trsKd;rsKd;ESifh &ifqkdifjuHKawGhaeonfukd EkdifiHwumtodyif_zpfygonf? rdrd
vlrsKd;rsm;udk !Sif;qJESdyfpufonfh ppftm%m&SifbufwGif&yfwnf^yD; tm%m&Sifpepf oufqkd;&Snfa&;
twGuf tbufbufrSulnDay;onfh u&iftrsKd;om;opPmazmufq&m0ef_zpfonf? 2002-ckESpf
&efukef^rdKhc0J_cHwGif u&ifESpfopful;yGJawmfqifEJG&ef 'Drkdua&pDacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pkjunf
tm; 4if;udk,fwkdif zdwfpm_zifhay;tyfzdwfjum;cJhonf? odhk aomf a':atmifqef;pkjunfrS yGJawmfohdk
wufa&muftm;ay;vmaomtcgY yGJawmf*dwf0wGif etzppfwyfrSwm;qD;o_zifh a'gufwmapm
qkdifrGefom. zdwfpmudk_yo&mwGif tm%mydkifrsm;rS a'gufwmapmqkdifrGefomtm; ac:,lar;_ref;
cJh&m a':atmifqef;pkjunfudk rdrd rzdwfjum;cJhajumif; a_Amifvdrfvnf_iif;qdkchJ aomajumifh a':
atmifqef;pkjunfonf yGJawmfokdhrwufchJ &bJ vSnhf _yefchJ &onf?
a'gufwmapmqkdifrGefomonf (KNU) acgif;aqmif AdkvfcsKyf_rESihf etzwkhd ^idrf;csrf;a&;
&,la&;twGuf xkdif;EkdifiHokdhtjudrfjudrfomG ;a&mufchJ ^yD; (KNU) acgif;aqmifAkdvfcsKyf_rudk etz
!$efjum;onfhtwkdif; enf;rsKd;pHk_zifh vdrfvnfvnfh_zm;cJhonf? 4if;vdrfvnfvSnhf _zm;r+ukd AdkvfcsKyf
_rodvmo_zifh º'Daumif/ etztwGuf vlvdrfq&m0efjuD;bJ» [k rSwfcsufay;cJhajumif;/ 2008
-zGJhpnf;yHkESifh 2010-a&G;aumufyGJ0ifa&muf,SOf^ydKif&ef u&if_ynfohl ygwDt_zpf ygwDrSwfykHwif^yD;
rdrdudk,fusKd;twGuft_rwfxkwf&ef xyfrjH uHHpnfjudK;yrf;tm;xkwfchJ ajumif; od&dS&onf? ygwD.&nf
7G,fcsufrSmvnf; u&if_ynfe,fudkcsefvSyfxm;^yD; t_cm;_ynfe,fwdkif;rsm;twGif; aexkdifaom
u&iftrskKd;om;rsm;ta&;twGuf[k od&dS&o_zifh u&if_ynfe,ftwGif;&Sd u&iftrsKd;om;rsm;ESihf
t_cm;a'ou&iftrsKd;om;rsm;jum; pdwf0rf;uGJ_cif;udk zefwD;aeol_zpfonf? u&iftrskKd;om;
a'gufwmqkdifrGefomonf urmBausmfu&ifwdkif;&if;om;'k=onfrsm;ta&;udk rsufuG,f_yKonfht_yif
'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pkjunfudkvnf; t&SufcJGchJ ol_zpfonf? ppftm%m&Sif wnf^rJ
a&;ESifh EkdifiHwumrSw&m;0iftodtrSwf_yKa&;twGuf yifra'gufwdkifwckt_zpf judK;yrf;aqmif&Guf

4
aeonfudk _ynfwGif;u&iftzGJhtpnf;rsm;rS taxmuftxm;ESihf wuG wif_yvmo_zifh 4if;
a'gufwmapmqdkifrGefomtm; u|Efkyfwhkd (BEPWN) rS _yif;xefpmG @+wfcs^yD; emrnfysufpm&if;
(Black List) wGifxnfhoGif;ajunmygonf?

(wkdif;&if;om;opPmazmufrsm;ukd qufvufpm&if;_yKpkazmf_yygrnf)

wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;EkdifiHa&;apmifhjunfhuGef,uf (BEPWN)
&efukef^rdKh?