"Al-Jabr" Meaning "Reunion of Broken Parts" Is One of The Broad Parts
"Al-Jabr" Meaning "Reunion of Broken Parts" Is One of The Broad Parts
"Al-Jabr" Meaning "Reunion of Broken Parts" Is One of The Broad Parts
of mathematics, together with number theory, geometry and analysis. In its most general form,
algebra is the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols; it is a
unifying thread of almost all of mathematics. As such, it includes everything from elementary
equation solving to the study of abstractions such as groups, rings, and fields. The more basic parts
of algebra are called elementary algebra, the more abstract parts are called abstract algebra or
modern algebra. Elementary algebra is generally considered to be essential for any study of
mathematics, science, or engineering, as well as such applications as medicine and economics.
Abstract algebra is a major area in advanced mathematics, studied primarily by professional
mathematicians. Much early work in algebra, as the Arabic origin of its name suggests, was done in
the Near East, by mathematicians such as al-Khwrizm (780 850) and Omar Khayyam (1048
1131).
Elementary algebra differs from arithmetic in the use of abstractions, such as using letters to stand
for numbers that are either unknown or allowed to take on many values. For example, in the
letter is unknown, but the law of inverses can be used to discover its value: . In , the letters and are
variables, and the letter is a constant, the speed of light. Algebra gives methods for solving
equations and expressing formulas that are much easier than the older method of writing everything
out in words.
The word algebra is also used in certain specialized ways. A special kind of mathematical object in
abstract algebra is called an "algebra", and the word is used, for example, in the phrases linear
algebra and algebraic topology.