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Bahasa Inggris

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SECTION1
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN ~P~ESStON

This section is designed to measure your ability tc recognize language that is appropriate for standard .
written Englis~ There are two types of questions in this section; with special directions or ea~h type;
Direct\ons: Que&tions 1-15 are incomplet~ sentences. Beneath e-ach sent~nceyou v,m see four words or

phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (0). Choose the~ word or phrase that best complel :ts the sentence.
Then, on your answer sheet, finc:J the !"umber of the question and fill in the space that coriesponds to the
letter-of the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen. '.

'

Example/

Sample Ans-v.rer
(};)@

... mare found in virtuall~ every country in the world.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(u)

Swamps and marshes which

When swamps and marshe~
Swamps and marshes
Now that swamps and mars' 1es

The sentence ~hould read, "Swam~ sand marshes aia found in virtually every country Jn the world."

Therefore. you should choose answer (C ).

Example II
Milk is past~urized by heating it for thirty minutas
at about 63 Centigrade, rapidly .cooling it, and \hen
...... it at a temperature below 10 C:enti~rade.

Sample Answer .

a>

(A) to store
(8) store
(C) bs stored
(D) storing
The sentence should ,read, "Milk :s p2steurized by heating it for thi1iy minutes at about 63' Centigrade.
rapidly cooling_ it, ar.d then storing it at a temperature beiow 10 Centigrade." Therefore, you should
choose an~wer (0).

'
Now begin work on thP- qudstions.
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Bahasa Inggris
1. A special computerized camera, called the
Dykstraflex..
to create- the illusion of
movement of the spaceships i.n the film Star
Wars.

(A) designed
(8) its design
(e} was designed

(D) with its design

2. Studies hayeshown that drug interactions may
create serious problems. with effects _ __
from high blood ..pres$u_re to sudden cardiac
arrest.
(P\) it ranges
{8) may range

(C) the rang~

(D)
3.

rang!ng

;~

was once Poland's most respected

playwright, but he remained relatively unknown
in Western Europe. .

(A) The fact that Tadeus .Micinski

(8) Tadeus Micinski, who
(O} Although Tadeus Micinski
(D) Tudues Mic:inski

4. The Mcand~rthals are b~st known for their skill

in making stcne tools, which
many kinds
of scrapers and pointed implements.

(A') includ,fl!J
{8) include
(C) are included
{D) inclusively
5.

chilc:ren are so immersed i.1 compliter

games that they are oblh1ious t0their surroundinys.
(A} Most
(Et) Most of
"{C) The mo~~

6. Research on autism has predominantly focused

on children,
research projects devoted to
low-functioning adult autistics are exceedingly !ow.
(A) whereas
(8) when
(Q) vmereby
(0) because

'

..

.;~

7. Many studies reveat that the mare friends and

relat.ives people ha~e. _ _.
{At) longer life they have
(B) then they live tonger
(C) the lone 3r they live
{D) they \ive a longer life
8.

He, 1aglobir. is the part of the red cells that captures oxyge1 . in the lungs and
to the body

tissues.
'") its deliv ~
(B) deHverir g it
q?:) deilvers it
(D) to deliver
9. As a tropical archipelago, Indonesia became famous for hei f!ora and faun&,
are still being found today.
(A) many
(B) many of which
(e) manl of them
(D) that many
1o. !nvented in 1595, the backstaff was a device tha!
enabled seafarers to determine ___.
(A) what was th& distance to the north of
the eq1 aior
(B) so far north were they from the equatvi
{C) when they were far north of the equator
{D) how far north they were from th~ equator

(D) The mo~t <>f

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Bahasa Inggris
i

.,

master the skill to collaborate 14.. ~ur\,ay sampUng ts a widely accepted method
with lawyer& from other jurisd,.CtiQns, b.ut they
for prsviding staUstical data
.a -research
project.'.

also have a good .understandin.g of global legal

systems.
:
:
(A) though doing
(B) how to do
(A) intemational l~wyers, they
(C) when doing
(8) do intemationat lawyers
{D) to de;> it in.
(C) are international lawyers .
(0) inte~ational laVJYers
15. With eyes tnoying independent!y of each othe.r,
_ _. _and predators more easily.

12. Depriving children of access to good health care

and nutrition during th"eir early childi1ood _ __
(A) seahorses' ability to spot potential food
of learning difficulties and diseases later In their
(a) spotti.ng potentlpf food by seahorses
lives.
.
(C) seah~rses are able to spot potential fcod
{A) increases the likelihood
(D) the potential abil\ty of teahorses to spot food
(B) to increase the likelihood
(C) the likelihood increa~ed
11. Not only

(0) Increasing the likelihood

13. Uncle Tom's Cabin,

, was :nstrumental in
the abolition of slavGry in the United States. .
(A) was written by Harriet B. Stowe
(B) the book written by Harriet B. Stowe
(C) Harriet B. Stnwe wrote the book
(D) it was written by Harriet B. Stowe

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Direct~on: In qu.estions 16-40. each .sent~nce has four underlinad words or phrases. The four underlined
parts of the sentence are nw~ed (~). {B)t;.(C), ~nd (D). Identify the a underlined \\'Qrd er phll8& tl:Jat must
. be changed 1~ order for. tl:te sentenc~ to be grammatically correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
numb~r. of the q.~estion an.d fill ~~ spq~e thet corresponds to the letter of the answer you ~ave chosen.

in

Example/

Sample Answer
Meadowlarks are a'iout th~ sar7J~ $ize

@e

ttw1 robins.

...

buL they have hea~ bodies, $borter Jai~. and

. c

....

longer bins.

D
The: sentence should read. "Meadowlarks are c1bout the same size as robins, but they have heavier
bodies, shorter tails, and longer bil,ls." Therefore, you should choose anS\ver (B).

Exa.l'Y)p/e II
When overall
A

. Sample Answer

export~ exceed imports, a country said

.

@@<IP

to h3ve a tfJ.'~ surplus.

The sentence should re~d. ''When overall exports exceed imports, a country is said to have c. trade
suqJ;us." Therefore; you should choose answer (C}.

Now begin work on the questions.

16. The early 19:30s, El Nino caused greater than average precipitation along the ~;est coast of No11hAmerica.

17. The zebra has excellent hearing an-j a good .sense of smelling, but lacks sh_pro eyesight.
- A
. B
~
D
18. Lanoxin, u~ed for t~e tieatment of hear~ failure, may cause irre1~ular heart rhythm if it is J~r:g in
increased doses.

19. One r.ew strategy f1'r to control malaria 1s using pesticides-tn~atedbed nets which protect people
-A-B
c
from

mosguitoti~.

20.. Beagles hav better scent receptors than other dogs: and show no 3ggressive toward peoole.
A
i:>
C
D
21. Brazil hi1 the energy jackpot w~:en Petrobars, the state e11t::rgy cor.1pany, struck oil in giant fields deep
A
.
B
C

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below the floor of Atlantic Ocean.

l!JiIBOIMllN~~
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Bahasa Inggris

22. It takog tima and education to (;fiminate prejudiCe in striving tb implementing equal rights tor women.
.

. D

23. The report reveals that the entir< ~U.S. sea\Yeed haivest come from the coastal ~of( Squth CafffPmla~.

. .

..

"

~C--

24. It w~s not untll 3000 years ago Nhen seafatel'$ traveling M the.oeeans used compas$ef to navigate
A

their wooden ships

D .

25. Buildings account for about forty p~ of our ~nergy consumption; therefore, the. effort increased

energy efficiency 1s of prir.iary imnortance.

D
26. The owners of the French soft drink company Orangina is said to be ~ear anag:~ement to sell the

company to Suntory of Japan.

D
27. The goal of fusion phycisist is to use the heat from a fusing plasma to keep the reaction going
D
A
indefinitely withput the need to pump iJ external energy.

J)

28. The magnitude of the earthquake in West Sumatra was lich severe thac three villages were deeol}~ .

buried after deadly landsiides came crashing down on them.

Z9. A 32-year-old German meteorologist by th13 name of Alfred L. Wegener contcnJed that ail the present

continents U3ed to form one supercontinent cat!ed as Pangaea.

R: .

l.)

30. Between the \ate fifteenth and ear\y sevemeenth centur\Hs, exp\orers paid by trading \.~c-m;:an\es to

create new trade routes and find new countries in the world
D

31. Some ancient fern-like plants covering the land millions of years ago were as large fil\e trees with
.
A
B
c
I

giant fronds at the top of straight trunJcs.

D
32. Often the size; and weiyh of a sm(;lll truck, satellite~ taka ye3rs to be built and l~unched at a cost fr1st
'.
A
-s-~ C
can exceed $10 billion.
I)
33. The balmy climate and beauty of Cotfu, one of the Greek isla!~ds, have mode therr. a 1)0'1'>\Jlar pl~ce

for tourists around the world to spend their vacation

-D

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Bahasa Inggris
34. Despite the pressur~s. of the global reeession, many companies are active involved in activities to
A"

-le~e~_the impact..of the ~na~~ial p.risis on the 'Jied'{ in society.

35. Sent on a_tradinq mission to J~~n iF116.53, Hendri~ Hamel, a bookkeeper~orthe Dutch East India

B . .

"

. .

Company, was shipwrecked .on an is.land near from Korea.

.
.. C
.
.
D
36. Indonesia has been known as the Spice Islands ever since spices brought to Europe and changed the
A
.
B
C

taste buds of Europeans forever.

D
37. _The broad-taile:Q humming~ird nest~ Qr:l the lo'.Vest branch of an as~ en tree as ft provides a good view of

'

approaching predators, a clew f!ight a.th., and protect for its young.

38.

C .

tn his sp::t::ch ;lt the !ilnnual convention of the political party, the ~h&irmar'l'did an emotional appeal for
..

A
funds to help rebuild the region struck by the earthquake.

D
39. j3ecati-3e of there are rarely an;y outward symptoms.of h!gh blood pressure, it is ir;,portant to have one's

C.

blood pressure checked regularly~

"

40. Poland is qt.: ickly emerf ing .as o~e of the~~ bright spots in

=reces~on-torn Europe hit hard by

the economics crisis.

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Bahasa Inggris

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<iJ

SECTION2

VOCABULARY AND RE4D~NGCOMPREHl;NSION

Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each pass~ge is followed by questions about
it. Choose the one; best answer, '(A:, (B), (C), o.- (0), i!'r each question. Then, on your answer sheet,. find
the number of thequestion and fill n the oval that corresponds to the lette~ of your answer choice.
Answer aH quest\ons base~ c,n wh~ th; stated cr\mp\\ed in theP,assage.
Read the following passage:

Anew hearing device is now 1 vailable for some hearingimpaired people. Ti~is device uses a
magnet to hold the detachsbltt sound-processing portion In j)lace. Like other aldb, It converts sound
into vibrations. But it is unique in that it can transmit the vibrstlomi directly to ihe magnet, and then
une to the inner ear. This pr9duces a clearer sound. The new de~ice wm not '1e'p an
(5) hearing-Impaired people, only those with a hearing loss caused by infeclion or some other problem
in the.middle ear. It will probably help no more than 20 percent of all people with hearing problems.
Thosfl people. however, who have persistent ear infections should find relief and restored hearing
with the new device.

Example/:

Sample Answer

a>

What is Jhe auL'lors main purpose?

(A) to describe a new cure for ear infe{;tions

(8) to inform the reader of a new device
(C) to urge docto-:s fr; use a new device
\D) to explain. the use of ~ magnt::t
It

The author's main purpose is to infom1 the reader of a

Therefore. you should r.hOQsP. answer (B).

Example JI:

nevi device for hearifl!:-impaired people.

Sample Answer

4D CID CC <tD

The word "relier in line 7 means

{A} less distress

(8) assistance
(C) distraction
~D)

relaxation

The phrase "less distress is similar in mea11ing to ";elif!f' in this sentence. Therefore. yo~ st10uld choose
answer (A).
.

No.'/ begf n with the questions.

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Bahasa Inggris
Questions 41 - ~o

Magicians are, first and foremost, artists of attention and awareness. They manipulate the focus
and intensity of human attention, controlling, at any given instant, what we are aware of and what we
are not. They do so in part by employing bewilderirig combinations of visual illusions, optical illusions,
Line speci~I effects, sleight ~f hand, sec.ret devices and mechanical artifacts. But the most versatile

(5) instrument in their bag Qf tricl'...$ may be th~ ability to create cognitive Illusions. Uke visual llluslo~
cognitive .illusio.n~ mask the perceptfo~ of physi~al reality yet unlike visual illusions, cognitive illusions

are not sensory in nature. Rsther they involve high-fever functions such as attention, memory and
causal inference. With all those. toofs at their disposal, well-practiced magicians make it virtually
impossible to follow the physi.cs of what is actually happening-leaving the impression that the. onlY.
(1 OJ explanation for the events igmagic.

Neuroscientists are just beginning to catch up with the magician's facility in manipulating
attention and cognition. Of course, the aims of neuroscience are differen\ from those of magic; the
neuroscientist seeks to understand the brain and neuron underpinr ing~ of cognitive functions,
whereas the magician wants.mainly to exploit ~ognitive. weakne.ss ~s. Yet the technique3 developed by
(15) .magicians over centuries of stage magic could also be subtle and .>0werful probes in the hands of
neuroscientists. supplem~nliog and perhaps expanding the instrur lents already in experimental use.
Neuroscience is becoming fammar Ytith the methods of" magic by t ubjecting magic itself to sclentlfif
study-in some cases .showing for the first time how some of its n ethods work fn the brafn.

Many $ll.ldie$ of,m9gic CQndt,Jcted so. far confirm what is known aboUt cognition and attention from
(20J ear.lier work. in experimentaJ.'psychology. A cynic migt,t dismiss su;h efforts~ Why do yet another
study that simply confirms what is already well known? aut such criticism misses the importanca and
purpose of U~~ studies. By investigating the techniques of magic, neuroscientists can familiarlze
themselveswith methods, that they can ad~pt to their own purposes. Indeed, we b.eJieve that cognitive
neuroscier.ca could have advanced faster had investigatc;>rs probed ;nagicians' intuition eanier. Even
(25) today, magicians may have a few tricks up their sleeves that neuroscie::itists have not yet adcpted.
By applying the.tools of magic, neuroscientists can hope to learn how to design more robust
experiment!~ and to create moieeffectivecognitiveand visual iltusrons for expforingtheneural bases
of attention 3nd awareness. Such techniques could not only make experimentai studies of cognition
possible with clever and highly attentive subjects; they could also read to diagnostic ond treatment
{30j methods for palients suffering from specific cognitive deficits, such as attention deficits resulting from
brain trauma, Alzheimer's disease, and the like. The method~ of m~gic might also be put to work in
"trickingn patients to focus on the most important parts of their therapy, while suppr:assing distractions
that cause :::onfusion and disorientatior.
41. Which ot th1:! following is NOT a reason the
author calls magicians "artists of attention and

42. Which of the following doe~ the author NOT

list as characteristic cf visual and cognit~ve
illusicns?
(A) Visual illusions mask the percei:tion of
physical reality.

{B) VisuRI illusions Involve attention. me~ory

and causal inference.
(C) Cognf!ive illusions are unrelated to our
physical senses.
(D) r.ognitive illusions are the most
sophisticated typP.of tricks cr~ated by

awareness'"?
(A) Magicians can control our awareness.
(B) Magid: ms can create illusions to trick us.
(C) Magicians can make impossible.things
poc;sibfe.
(D) Magicians can combine various tricks to
manipulaii:. c:.:r attention.

magick:ns.

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Bahasa Inggris
43. All of the followlng are Instruments used

by

""I

magicians to create illusions- EXCEPT

(A) human attention.
(8) optical Illusions.
. (O) special effects:
(0) skilful hand movements.

49~ The mairfldea of the pa$sage is

(A)" m~uroscienee shQutd adopt the methods
of magic to advance it~- own purpose.
(B) neur~scienc~ shcul~, be familiar with the
methods of magic to prevent its
.

44. Thaterm "versatile" in tfne-4 is closest in

meaning to
(A) adaptable.
(8) unique.

(C)

48. The word "theif in line 32 refers to

(A) neuroscientists.
(B) trick$~ .
(C) magicians..
(D} magicians' sleeves..

abuse by magicians.
(C) neurosclenc9 should be \Vary of the
lnterferenceofthemethods cf magic in
the study of the brairl.
(D) neuroscience should incorporate magic as
parts of its discip!ine.

c~.PliC?atec:f.

(0) satisfactory.
45. It can be inferred from the passage that

neuroscientists
(A) hava been putsmarted by ma~icians in the
study of the brain.
(B) have similar aims as magicia ls in their
study of the brain.
(C) should borrow magicians' methods to

50. All of the following are given in the passage as

ways in which th~ tools of magic can be useful
to neuroscientist3 EXCEPT
(A) They help neuroscientist::. d~sign better
experiments.
(B} They help neuroscientists create
confusion and disorientation to trick

study the bra!n.

{D) should learn to be magicians to better
study the brain.
46. According to the passage, th~ r iethods of
magic can help neuroscientists
(A) design better experiments.
(B) exploit cognitive wealrnese es.
enrich their instruments for understanding

their patlent!J.
(C) They help neuroscientists find bette;
diagnostic <.!nd treatment methods.
(D) fhe~' help neuroscientists keep their
patients' focus on the important
asp~cts of therapy.

cc;

:the brain.
(D) be more familiar with the tools of magic.

47. The term cynic inl!ne 20 is closest in

meaning to
(A) pessimist.
{B} agnostic.
'cc) skeptic.
(0) enem~'

11

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Bahasa Inggris
Qt,testlons 51 - 60
.

To appreciate just how disttnctJ'{e bats are, consider one of their trademark traits: wings. A few
mammals, sue~ as flying squirrels, can.glide from tree to tree, thE nks to a trap of skin that connects
their front and hind Umb~. And in fact, experts generaUy agree that bats probably evolved from an
Line arbcreal, gliding ancestor. aut am<?ng mammals, bats afone are ~pabfe of powered flight. which is a
15) much more complex affair than gliding. They owe this ability to the construction of their wings. The
bones of a bat's wings consist .Qf Q[eatly elongated f orear1 n and fin ~er bones that support and spread
the thin, elastic Wing mem~nes. Ttre membranes extend bacitwc 1rdtaencompass hind limbs that
are quite a bit smaUer than. tho$e of .a terre~trial mammal of comp: trable body size. Many bats also
have a tall membrane between their hind legs.

.
(1 OJ
Most bats can also echolocate. By producing high-pitched sc unds and then analyzing the
retuming echoes, these nocturnal animals can detect obstacles and prey much b~tter than by using
vision alone. M~re then 85 percent o.f tiv.ing bat species use echol~tion to navigate. The rest beiong
t~ ~,single !amlly-:--the 01~ World f~i: bats, som.~tim~s called flY.i.ng f~xes, which app~rentiy lost the
ability and mstead re!y stnctry on sight and smell to find the fruft and flowers th.ey feed on. ~cho(15) locating bet~ have a distinctive set of anatomica~. n~urological and behavioral Character:stics that
enable them to send and receive high-frequency sounds.
The revelation more than 60 years ago that most of the world's bats can see with sound made
clear that echolocation contributes significantly to the great evo utionary success and diversity of
bats. But wt. ichQf tt)e two key ba\ ~\,\apt9t)ons-f\ight and echo\ocation-came 'first, and how and why
(20) did they eve Ive? The flight-first hypothe::1is holds that bat ancestors evolved powered flight as a way of
improving mobility and reducing the amount of time and energy required for foraging. Under this
scenario, echolocation evolved subsequently to make it easier for ear!y bats to detect and track prey
that they were already chasing in flight.
rn contra~t. the echolocation-first model p.ropo~~s that gUdfng protobats.ttunted aerta! prey from
(25) their perches in the trees using echolocation, which evolved to hefp them track their quany a greater
distances. Powered flight evolved later tc increase maneuverability and to simplify retumin~ to tha
hunting perch. The tandem-development hypothesis, for its part, suggests that. flight and echolocation
evolved simL:ltaneo1 sly. This idea is based on ex per mental evic~en.ce showing th~t it i$ energetically
very cos!ly f.:"'r bats to produce e~holocation calls when they are stationary. During flight, however, the .
(30) cost become$ nearly negligible.because contraction of the fliglit r.iuscles helps to pum~ the lungs,
producing the airflow that is required for intense, high-freql_.lency vocalizations.

The on:y way to test these hypotheses about the origins of flight and echolocation is by mapping
the di~tribution of relevant traits-wings and enlargeJ cochlea in the skull, for axample-onto a family
tree of bats to determine the r;>oh1t at \.VhiGh they evolved. Back in the 1.990s, wesimplyc!id not have
(35) any fossiis of bats that had some of these signature charocteristics but not others. Just about tha
only way e bat can becomH !ossiJized is if it dies in a place where it is swiftly covered with sediment
~hat protects it from scaver.gers and micmcrganisms alike.

51. According to the passage which of the

52. Bats are capable of powered flight because of

(A) their wings' distinct construction.
(8) their ability tu ec~olocate.
(C) their evolution from a glirlir.g a11cest~r.
!D) their tail membrane located l;>etweP.11 their
hind legs.

fo:lov.1ng is NOT true about bats?

(A) Bats fly rather than glidt. like flying
~quirrers.

(8) Bats det.P.ct rrey and obstacles by.

aric!yzing P.choes.
(C) Bats rely on sight and ~mell !o find fruit

and fiuwers to eat.

(f)) Bats are tiiP. only mammals with the
pow~red f!:;ht obili~y.

iillllHl!tmat
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Bahasa Inggris

.~~. The word evolve in line 20 could be best

d

-.

" 57. The word "them in line 25. refers to.

(A) perches-.

replacedb1
(A)". a_dvance
(B) regress
(C) transgress

(B) trees
(C) protobats. .

(0)

(D) cklvelop

54. The Word pref in line 24 is closest ir. meaning

to.

prey.

58. W.hich of the.following best expresses the

opposite meaning of the term "negligibfe in

ilrie30?

{A) . obstacles.

(A) Significant

(B)' quarry.

(8) Unfmportant.

(C) foraging,
(D) echolocation. .

(D} Adequate.

cc> Minor.

55. According to the pausage, which of the two key

batadaptatlon& c:ame first flighi or
echolocation?

59~ Aecordirrg to the: passage, fossils of bats are

important beGause

(A) they help us detennine the origin of bats.

(8) they help us test the three hypotheses
about bats.
(C} they protect bats from scavengers and
microorganisms.
(0) they provide maps of the distribution of
bats traits.

(A) The pa..QSSgG doe not provide sufficient

. information about this. .
(B) Flight evolved first. followed by
echolocation.
(G) Echolocation evt>lved first, followed by
flight
(D) Both evolved simultaneously.

60. The word "they" in line34 refers to

(A) hypotheses

(8) fossils
(C) traits
(D) bats

56. It cao be inferred from the passage that

scientists who study bats
{A) are sure that bats' abHity to fly predates
their ability to echolocate.

(Bj dfd not trnd out that bats can fly until" 60

'fI-

yearsago.
(C) are not sure that bats really have !he
capability to echoloc-ate.
(0) still wonder if bats' ability to fly and
echotocate came simu\taneousty.

13

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Bahasa Inggris
Ques.Uons 61 .. 70

une
(5}

(10)

(15)

1Vaore than five an~la half years into th~ Iraq War, the condition of archaeologlcar sites and
antiquities l~ Iraq remains a frus~ting and contentious topic among archaeologists and art historians.
Two surveys in the past year-one in northern Iraq in May, the other In the south In June-have
persuaded ~me that the ongoing damage Is far less extensive than most observers had belfeved.Yet
with more than 1Q,000 registered sites and numerous other mounds of earth that may still conceal
uoo.atalogued treasures from the c.ra~le of civilizations", many archaeologists question whether
the ~urveye<t sites are representati'le"of condittons etSewhere. There hasbeerr na comprehensive
surv~y done to.establish with certainty exactly what percentage of the 10,000 registered sites has
been looted. Military satellite imagery would enable analysts to tell u~ the Whofe truth, but the (l'lflitary
has not been willing to share it.

.
The repprt of the May s~rvey, cohducled by U.S. and Iraqi investigators, state that none of the
site$ showed signs ot \ooting or extensive vandalim\. Likewise, the ~une report, by a team of Iraqi and
Britfsh arch~eologists who.visited eight sites in the south, found little evidence of footing since the war
began. Neverthefes$, the report of ti1e fraql-Sritfsti proJect cautfoned that ft rs dff1fouft and dangerous to
generalize from the cpnditlons of tbe. sites. the group visited. One big anomaly in both surveys was the .
preva1enceof guards, which should deter looting. But guai'ds at most archaeoiogical sites fn Iraq are a
rarilY.4" Part of the p~blem is .~t ~though there is~ mGbile forGe Gf 1,500 Iraqi guards with trucks for
patroHing the sites, nobody has put up any budget line in for fuel.
~.
Scholars and ~!)alysts must therefore base their eP.tirnatea on satemte data from commerclal
on eyewitnes~ accounts and on what is being recovered by police and custo1 n officials. The
good news is that a trade embargo and the threat of stiff legal sanctions seem to have dried up the
market for looted art ifacts. Not-all the damage to Iraq's ancient heritage is the fault of rooters. At two
siteS-Te!! al-Lahm and Ubaid-mil:tary command posts had been esta~lished at the top of the site,
according to one of the reports. She!ters for vEhicles (tanks and armored personnel carriers) had beencreated bv cutting into the ancient mounds. The constru!;tion has presumebJy dug a-Nay previously
undisturb~ archaeological deposits. At the site of Babylon, mlUtary actlvitles have removed areas of
surface mou;;ds totaling six hectares, or more than 13 football fields-to fill sandbags, carve trenches

(20) sources.

(25)

(30)

and bulldoze earth for parking lots.

.,
in the viaw of art historian Zainab Bahrar.i, an lraqi-bo;n scholar at Columbia Univeraity, no serious
assessment ofthe damage Y.-ill be possible until ths U.S. occupation ends. What h~s become clear
to Sahrani. however. Is that the footing of dv= fraqi ~.:adonaf Muse1:1m and of archaeofog!caf sites Is
only the tip of the iceberg.:._just part of a large-scale historical and cultural destruction of archives,

libraries ~nd universitiP.s, as \A.ialJ as Members of !he scholarl}' community. so many p~ople have died
and become hcmele~s and been forced into ex:li:=", sha says, that it becomes difficult for me to focus
(35) on cultural heritage alone."

.-

.~

62. The term "cradle of civilizations" in line 6 refers

61. The main subject of ih~ passage !s

to
(A) uncatalogued tr~asures.

(A) war c s the primary cause ofthe looting

and damage of Iraqi archaeological sites.
(B) the difficulty of assessing the extent of
damage of l!'aqi arch2eological sites..
(C) the lack of effort tc prevantthe damage
of Iraqi archaeological sites.
(0) the !"efc1lionship between poverty and the

{B) lraq.
(\.~

arc!l~eological

sites.

(D) antiquities

rooting of arcliaeorogical sites iri Iraq.

PHUD"'iiik+
14

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Bahasa Inggris
..,

89. The Wbrd 'it' in iine 10 refers to

. (A)

the military.

(8) the whole truth.

(C) ~survey.
. .(D) sat$11ite imag~ry.

looting and damage-of archaeological sites ir. Jraqis genera.lly

64.. All of.the following are given in the passage as

factors that

. : . archeological sites.

Information. .. '
. (C) the~ of:military posts on archaeological

eites.

(D) the lack of priority given to the protection of

the sites.

IL .

(B) the survival of arehaeerogical site&and

artifacts depends entirely on the military.
(C} nothing can be done to save the
uncatalogued treasureB and sites..
(D) very few people care abtut saving
archaeological sites~ .

With whlCh of the following statements would

. the author probably agree?
.
69. rha author quotes Zainab Bshrani in tha last
(A) The military is solely rP-sponsible for the
oaragraph because

extensive damage and \ootiny of most of
(.A.) she is an traqi descendant although she was
the archaeological sites in Iraq. .
bom in the U.S.
(B) The trade embargo has heJpect perpetuate
(B) she is an art historian familiarwiU1 the culture

oflraq.

the looting of artifacts in m~ny of the

archaeological sites in Iraq.
(C) she is a renowned scholar t rom a prestigious
(C} Only the end of the U.S. ce1;upation can
univE;trsity.

bring an end to the looting ,,f

(D) she is very cohcemed about the d~teriorating
archaeological sites and artifacts in Iraq.
situation in Iraq.
(0) Stiffer legal sanctions-may help prevent
..
further looting and damage of
.70. The paragraph that follows the last paragraph most
archaeological sites in lraq.

.sympathetic.
indifferent. .
desperate.
impatienl

68. The passage implies fflaf nowadays in Iraq

(A) art historians are striving to save

(A) ihe prolonged war in Iraq.

(B) the reluctance 9f the military to sha_re.

~-

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

ha'te caused darnage to the

. archseotogfcat s1tes ht traq F!XCEPT

65.

~s7. The author's attitude toward the problem of the

likely d'3afs with

(A) suggestion of steps that nee<;t to be taken

SC. The word undisturbed in line ;'6 could be best

replaced by
(A) uninterrupted.

to save ltie sites.

(8) description of how war and poverty worsen

the situation.

(C.) prediction of whaf might further happen fo .

the s!tes.
(D) description of artifacts that have been looted
from the sites.

(B) ~SCE!fut

. (C) secure.
(D} intact.

15

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Questtons 71 -80
Criminals. like their vlctJ~s. come In all varieties. But researchers have found that they don't. .
choose their victims randomly. There's e reason crimlnal investigators begin their fnvestlgattons by
creeting profiles of victims.
b.e~se the identity of victims-particularly ifthere are several victims
with diffe.ring charac.teristics-helps investigators determine whether a criminal Is taqietfng a specific
kind of person or choosing victims opportunistically. In the field of vlctlmology, one Ot tho central
concepts is that of the risk continuum~there are degrees of risk for a type of crime based your
career, lifestytcr~ refations~ps; movements, and everr personality, aspects of whfctr arecfearJY seen
from your behavior ~nd attitude. Some f&ctors that make people potentfal victims are obvious-;.
flash Ing wads Of cash, wearing expensive Jewelry, warklng arone on back streets. Others are.sUbtfer,
including post~re, walking sfyle,"even the ability to read faciaf.exp.resslons.
.

Ths cues add up to the-~~ exploitability. David Buss, a psychologist at the University of . :
Texas, lg examining a catalogue of traits that seem to invite somepeopte to exploit others. There's
cheatability, sexual exploitability, as well as robabmty, kil!ability, s:alkebility, and even sexual
assauifablilty. As adaptations (or expioftatlon evofved, so dfd d"efer. ses to prevent being expfofiedwa:iness tcv,rard strangers, cheater-detection sensitiviUes, end po:;sibly anti-rape defenses. These
defe~ses, ir:a tern, created s~lection pressure for additional adapta1ions for exploitation designed to
Gir.:-umventvictim defenses-.
Nowhere doe$ victimology impiy that people who stand out es easy, .targets are to blame for
bec9Jnlng vlet\ms. P.reda\or& bear so~ r~ponsib\\ity for the crlmea they commtt--8nd ahould be held
accountabls and punished accordingly. Moreover, many attacks are random, and no amount of.
vigiiance could deter them. Whether victims are selected randomly or targeted because of specific.

w$

Line
(SJ

"

{10)

(15J

(20)

on

,.

characteristics, -they bear no responsibility fer crimes against t'1e~. But by being awareofwhich

cues criminals look for, we can reduce the risk of Lecoming targets ourselves.

rn a classit stOdy, researchers Betty Grayson and Morris Stern asked convicted crlmlnals ro
(25) view a video of pedestrians walking down a busy New York sidewalk, unaware that they were being
taped. The convicts had been to prison fur viol~nt offenses suet as ann9d robbery, rape, and murder.
Within a. few seconds, the convicts identified which pedestrians they would have been likely to target..
What startlnd the researchers was that there was a clear consensus among the criminals about
\v'hcm they wbuld hav~ picked as victims-and the:r choices were not based on gender, race, '?rage.
(30) Some petite, physically slight women were not selected as potential victims, while some l~rge men

were.
The re searctiem realized the criminals were assessing the ease with which they could overpower
the targets based on several non-verbal signals-posture, body language, pace of walking, length of
$tride-, and ~reness of environment. Neither criminals nor v!ctims Yt'ere consciously aware of these
(35j c~..:es. They are what psychologists call .. precipitators", personal attribL1es that increase a person's
fikefihood of being criminally victimizea.

n..

71. Which of the foUO"IN\ng do~ the author NOT \\st

as a factor that makes !)eople potential victims
~~m~
.

(A} Relationships
(8; Personality

\t can be inferred from paragraph 2 that crimina,s

(A) choose their victims based on certain
factors.
(8) cho"se people wilo look physicaUy;1eak.
(C) choo~ only peopl~ who are r!ch and

(C) Lifestyle
(Dj Religion

(D) choose people who do no!. go along well with

successful.

others.

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7~.
~

The tenn opportunistically- in line 5is closest" 78. The fOJloWing are th~ findings the researchers.
in m~anlnt t&

obtained fromtheiF study EXCEPT.

(A) victims are not chosen. based on their

(A) randomly
(B) accordingly
(C) consciously
(D) .Ukely

racial backgroundt, .

. .. .

79. Accurding to the passage, We can reduce the

risk of becoming crime victims by taking ~~!3.

foHow\ng precautions EXCEPT

75. The Word ihem 1n line 22 refers to

(A) specific characteristics.
(B) vfctlms.
(C) criminais.
(D)" crimes.

in

in.

76. The term startied in line 28 is closest in

refrain fro'm wearing valuable rings,

.
bracelets, or necklace~ when public.
(B) equip ourselves with self-defense skills or
tools to protect ourselves.
.
(C). be more responslbtefor our behavior when
in public
(0) b~ more aware of the surroundings we are
(A}

:. ~ ... commit.

Er_

(B). victim~ are not chosen ba~ed:bn whether

,they look weak or strorig.

. (Cl victltrts are notchosen baed on their

sensitivity to the surroundings.
(D) vtctii"n's atEf not cttosen based an h"ow atd
they are.

74. According to the pas..~ge, vlctlmology

(A). 1:Jtame1p-ESOpfs~a become victims of'
: . ., crtmeeforthelrmlsfortune&.
, (B) studies the best.ways to axploit people and
.- . make them easy targets#
(G) b~lf~ves:that criminal$ are entirely
. respondble fOf the come& they coown\t.
(0) punishes criminals for tha crimes they

&_

..
.

80. Which of the following questions about

meaning to
(A) confused.
(B) troubled.
(C) reUeVed.

victimology ~oes the passage NOT supply

enough information to answer?
\Aj Why do fjotential victims of crirn~s behave

(D) assured.

(B) Wh;:at aspect& do ~rlmlnal& t&~e Into

.
account when picking out their vlctimJ~?

the way they do?

77. The researchers shCJNed a video of

pedestrians walking on a busy New York
sidewalk to convicts i:i order to
(A) help the convicts identify p'>tential
victims.
(B) expose the pedestrians ta, janger.
\C) give the c.vnvicts a chance to commit
crimes.
{D) find out how criminals cho< 1se their
victims.

(C) Why ls being alert ofourenvironment : .

i1]1pQrtant in protecting ourselves .
against crime?
(D) What non-verbal signals transmitted by
potential victims attract-criminals?

17

Bahasa Inggris

..

QuesUons ~1 90

.!

The.history of Independent Indonesia after 1950 Is a sto~ of the faJlure Of subcessl~e gr:oups to
meet the expectations of democracy generated by the successful struggle for Independence. Aire~
by -1957 the democratic ~xperimen~ had collapsed. A historian of the country reported that eprrur)tion
une was wld~spread, the terntorfaJ uofty of the nation was threatenec(. social justice had not been . 1
(5} .achi~ved. e~nomic.problems had .not been solved. and the ~xpectations generat~ by the RevolUtion
were frustrat3d.

Betwee~1951:arrd .1965, Sukarno, installed irr 1950 astlteflrst pcestdent Of Independent .

..

lndo~esia, ihst!tuted the so..caJJe~ nation-building Guided Democracy project. Centrat to S.uk&mo's
poli~ies of t~ese ye~rs was the reconstru~fon of Jakarta to demonstrate tbe regime's commitment to

(1 OJ a fonn of nati.onal discipline and the need to attract international recognition. Sukam~s urban projects

have been Characterized by some scholers as representative of the competitive international order of
the time. Sev~ral stu~ies ha'(e <tQnside~ the buUl \otm of the transformed capital city asan attempt
by Sukarno to foster a national unity and identity for the Indonesian people. The modern part of
Jakarta wa~ in~ended to raise the seif..esteem of tlie indonesfan people ~fter a fong perfod o( .

(15) colonization.

As leader of Jakarta during the time of Guided Democracy, Sukarno decided to display in t.'ie cify .
his versiQn of what was to b~ Ambodied, celebratedi remembered and forgottefL Jakarta is positioned
in relation to a hem cg enous time and space and compared to the glorie$, not the despairs. of other
cities-Cairo. Rome, Paris and Brasma. Sukarno made it clear \hat the lndor.eeian rwolutlon wn }u&t
{20) one of many revolutions in hum~n hi~tory. Its uniqueness demanded ir.temational recognition. Jakarta,
like other cities throughout the World, had to convey an image of a center with its traces of
decolonization and signs being parallel to other w0rld cities. In 19~0, soon after Jakarta was declared
"Daerah Khusus lbuk~ta, Sukarnc started his nation-building project to put Jakarta on the map df
world cities~
:

(25)
At the center of the 900,0.00 $qi.fare r.1eter grass-covered field, left over by the Dutch colonial
regime, he first erected the National Monument, naming ihe site lndependence Square. The whole
square complex and the new large thoroughfare running south\i\a~ were soon to become the main
landmarks of his n::ition-building project. It was not by chance that the city's first priority was to host.
the 40i Asi~n Games in 1952 ai1d, a year later, the first Games of the New Emerging Forces
(30) l GANEFO). It was clP.e1r that for Sukarno .th~ G~mes ~~s a ceremonial functi~n. They could.project a
fliture in wflfr:..'l Jakarta, In the eyes cf neighboring nc-,tions, cou,d be $een as the beacon of the new
emerging forces of Asia. The. spectacular events we~e represen~ed with th~ six-Jane thoro~ghfare from
!ndeper.dence Squeire, passing south through a series of newly built highnse office buildmgs, Hotel
Indonesia, the Sarinah Department Store, the Semanggi Bridge, to the-Asian Games-Compie)( and
(35) the Convention Hall.in Senayan. all in thefonn of a Modernist urban environment.
a:.

82. The tenn "Revclution in line 5 refers to

{A) democratic experiment.
(B) widespread corruption.

Which of the following is NOT suggested by

paragraph 1?
(A) Th~ country was on the verge of
disintegr e1tion.
(8) The struggle ~o free the country from
Of:."Jression had failed.
(C) The yap bei'.Yeen the rich and the poor

~C} ~1rugg1efcr inder.iendence.

(D) threat to national unii./.

r'3mained wide.
(D} The people suffered from $Cvera e~onomfc
harcfshio.

DWMidt!i!i~
18

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Bahasa Inggris

...

63. The year 185.0 Is an Important ~1ear In the

"""'

hlstof)" of lildonesla bec~use. ..

(A) the expfictations of democracy were
. fulfilled In that year. .
(B) :sukamo was appofn~ed Pr9sldent In that

. :year. .

., . 87. The word ~convey":in .line 21-isclosest in.. .

meaning to
(A)' . di$play..
(S) attract.
(C)

ra,se.

Cl?> decfare.

.(C) the period of Guided Democracy began in

. thatyea~

(0): ttTe young natton became politlcaliy

~nit~ In that year.

88. According fo the passagei Sukarno began his

natlort-boi1dfng project by
(A) declaring Jakarta a uspecial capltaJ region

In 1960.
(B) hosting the 4111 Asian Games in 1962.
(C) buirdi~g the National iv'f~nU'1'9Emt i(l 1960.:

84. Theward considered in line 12 in closest in

: meaning to
{A) contemplated.

(0)

. (B) respected."
(C) overruled.
(D)

hosth'g the firat GANEF.O In .1963.

ae.. Which of the following best expresses the

regarded

author's aiti,ude toward the topic?

(A) Hostile

(B) ~e.

85. Thefollowfng are the goals of Sukamds

~sfonM.tion of Jakarta EXCEPT

(C) Critical

(A) Jakarta as proof of the existence of

(0) NeLitr"a1

derilO;Cracy In lnd~ne$la.

90. According to the author, Hotel Indonesia, the

Sarinah Department Store, the Semanggi
Bfidge and the Senayan Convention Hall were

(8) Jakarta as a symbol of national unity and

. Identity.
. (C) Jakarta as a manifestation of natiqnal

seff..teem.

al.I 'built by Sukarno in order fo'

(A) demonstrate that lndone~la is part of the
:
mcdem world.

.(D) Jakarta a.s a means for Indonesia t gain

lntematJonal repognltlon.

(8) bulld a city appropriate for hosting the 4h

Asian Games.
(C) gain tho respect of the deve{oping
neighboring countries.
(D~ serve as important landmarks of the
emerging nations in South EastAsia.

86. The author mentions Cairo, Rome, Paris and

Brasilla In paragraph 3 ln order tf.'
(I~) show that Jakarta was far left behlnd by
otherworld cities in terms of
development.
(B) show that Jakarta had surpassed those
c1tJas ss tfla site- of gacJ'd governance.
(C) show Sukarno's ambition to make Jakarta
on par with other worl(f cities.
(D) 8howthat Jakarta earned international
recognition as a world city like the
above menttooed cities.

~.

\9

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Bahasa Inggris
Questions 91 -.100

. ..

'

. .l

. While most Indonesians re~ognize that the women of Muhammadiyah and NU U!1dert8ke. all /
types of. sqclal, educational, a.~d medical activities, the fact thatmany Of tft~ are also lnY.ofved fn
rere~dlng the holy texts of Islam has been largely overlook~. Especially since tfle 1990s this has .

Line
(5)

(1 OJ

becorne a fc;>n:nat~ve activity forwomen who graduate from pesanlte11, or Islamic universitfe& When we

try to find comparable activities inthe Musnm world, we cannot S.imply look at women in other

countries doing similar exercises; we must aJso distinguish their t;tudy accotding to thefrmnne of
reference, wtrether reformist or trm;frttonatist.
.

Comparable material for reformist Interpretation comes from mare and femate Muslim feminiSts in
the U.S. Folfowfng the reformf$t methodology, they rely directly of) the Qur'an and Hadith. The:
Egyptian Muslim ~cholar Muhammad Abduh ~rted to interpret those sources using the meQlod of
ijtihad. His reformist method qf inte.rpreting the holy ~ources was contmued ana elaborated by his
$tudent, Rashid Rida. Rtda was ~or~ oonseNattve thanAbduJl.an<l ev~ntually Influenced the refQrmist ..

'

movement in.Indonesia more.than his teacher.Abduh bypassed tf1etraditional Flqh sources and
piaced Q(anfc verses about women;s comprehensive vefiing, se :iusfon, pofyg1ny, and unffaferaf
..
f 15) divorce rights of the husband Jn their orjginal social and culiural c >ntext. He argued thSt since U10~
conte~ had changed: the moder~ eppflcatlon of tho texts had to be .~dapted 8$. well. The ~en ~nd :

women of Muhammadiyah used this- refonnist frame.

.
To gain knO\AAedge of the Fiqh requires decades of deep study in specia! schools, few of whi~h
are open to female students..But because.of the pesanfren netwo'lk ccmected to NU, lndtmesla is
(20) one of the faw tfOUnkies where considerable numbers of women have this specific knowledge. Findipg
a comparative frame for the f~minist interpretations of the traditionalist NU scholars was therefore a
challenge. T~ditionalist Muslims connected to NU started to address problematic issues regarding

women's status during the 1980s. but they always have includE'd reference to the Fiqh te~. It
remains exc:eptic:mai tnat Jn lndon'esfan lsfam, reformist Mut'iammadlyah and traditfonaffst ~Uwomen
(25) are partfcip~1ting in reinterpreting women's lh1es anc rights. Muhammadiyah women didihfs neaa'iy .
from the start of their movement in 1917, gradually becoming wen versed in 1s1amic learning. NU
women. started l$ter, by the 19.50s.,
'.It ts interesting th~t in th.~ ~arty ye.ar$ of the 21at century NU interpreta~ions concerning women
have: become more progressive than the i~formist int~rpretations. Th~se processes largely developed .
(30) within.the arr:hipefago, seldom drawing the attention of Muslim and non-Muslim scholars from outside
fndonesia another point of interest is that while the rest of the Muslim world reconsiders the ments of
reformist. or traditionalist interpretc:itions, in ~ndonesia ti ie two modes have come to borrow each
other's methods. Traditionalists now include references t" secular sources such as philosophy,
sociology, an ..~ economics, while reformi-st are ret~ming to a deeper study of the Fiqh sources.

92. The word 11elaborated' in line 11 is closest in

meaning to

91. The main idna of the passage is

(A) Muslim women in ln~one,sia are not as
advanced as their counterparts in the
U.S. in their invol'Jement jn terea9h1g t~e
Qur'an and the Hadi.th.
(B) The traditionalist view of the Qur'an and the
Fiqh in Indonesia is more dominant t~an
the refonnist view.
(C) Nov1adays Musfim women in Indonesia can
nu l,inge~ be simply and rigidly grouped

(A) modified.
(B) rege:ner:Aed.
(C) expanded.
(D) perpetuated.

into refonnists and tradifionalists.

<D) Tt.e pr0!,lem that Muslim wo.:nen in
Indonesia l1avc to address is the ongoing
competition between Muhammadiyah
andN.U.

"

20

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Bahasa Inggris

i .

,,

:.

93.

-a

:;

..

According to the passage, U.S. Muslim feminists" 97. the word "they* in line 23 refers to
.

are diff~rent from Indonesian Muslim woman

because
(A) fnthe U.S. Muslim feminists are

predominantly refonnfsl
(B) U.S. Muslim feminists are followers of
MuhammadAbduh.
(C) . U.S. Muslim feminists use Rashid Rida's

metttadofogy;
(0) U.S. Muslim feminists have a mere modern

view of Islam.

(C) participatory.
(0) one-sided.
.
.
95. The word 'their" in line 15 refen; to
(A) 'Noman.
{B) Qur'anlc verses.

\n lndonesta have more than one frame

of reference.
(C) N.U~ women are more pr0gressive than
Muhammadiyah women In their
interpretations of the holy texts

concerning womerr.
Muhamm~~iyahwomen $rt~d much

earner in rereading 1slamlc texts than

N.U.women.

.
99. According to the passage, whJch is NOT true

96. Why is the author of the opfr.ion that Muslim

women in Indonesia are more knowledgeable in

(B) in rereading the holy texts. Muslim women

(D)

(D) uniJateraJ divorce rights of the husband.

a ....

98. Which of the following is what Muslim scholars

outside Indonesia tend to overlook in thoir
studtss Qf tndo11esran Mus11mwomerT fn tng new
millenlum?.
(A) many Indonesian Muslfm women are

Involved In rereading Islamic texts,

94. The word 111.Jnilatera1 in line 14 could be best

replaced by
(A) Independent.
(B) mutual.

(C) traditional Fiqh verses.

. (A) feminist interpretatit:>ns~

(B) problematic issues.
(C) traditionalist Muslims.
(D) Flq h texts.

!slamlc teaching than women in many other

Muslim oountne&?
(A) Because Muslim women in Indonesia are
active members of~ major Islamic
organization~. Muhammadiyah and .N.U.
(Bj Because Indonesian Mushrr. womer. not only
have knowledge of the Qur'an and the
Hadith but also of the Fiqh.
(C) ~ecause Muslim women in Indonesia have
been actively involved in rereading the holy
texts since the first half cf the twentf eth
century.
(D) Because Indonesian Muslim women attend
pesantren and \slam\c universities.

about Indonesian Muslim womens Involvement

in rereadirig the hofy 'texts?
(A) They borrow each other's methods of
interpretation.
(B) They are sharpl~' sivlded into reformist aFld
traditionalist camps.
(C) They are concerned with ~he appffcatlon of

the texts to women's issl.les;

{D) They do not undergo the same proct:sses
as Muslim women in other parts of the
world do.
100. The passage wou!d probably be part of an
, assigned !.~ading in which cf the following
c:our5es?
(A) Introduction to islamic Studies
(B) History of Islam in Indonesia
(C) Women's movements in h1donesia
(D) i;~troduction to Women's Sll.:tdies

mmnn,111~
El

21

-2.J-

Bahasa Inggris
~I

....

SECTION 1

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

This secti~n is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard
written English.
There are two types of questions in this
section. with special directions for each tyoe.
.
.
.

Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or
phrases. marked (A), (B), (C), and {0). Choose the .rul! word or phrese that best eompiGtes the
sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill In the space that
eorresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter Inside th.e
oval cannot be seen. ,

Sample Answer

Example I

are found in yirtually every country in the world.

(A). Swamps and marshes which
(B) When swamps arid marshes

(C) Swamps and marshes

(O); Now that swamps and marshes

The sentence shoold read, "Swamps and marshes are found in virtually every country in the world."
Therefore, you should .choose 3nswP-r (C).

Sample Answer
Example II

Milk is pasteurized by heating it for thirty minutes

at about 63 Centigrade, rapidly cooli,ng it. and then
...... it at a .temperature below 10 Centigrade.
(A) to store
(B) store
(C) be stored
(0) :>toring.

...

The senter.ce should rea1, "M!tk is pasteurized by hP.ati11g it for thirty minutes at aboat 63 Centigrade,
rapid!y cooling it, and then storing it at a temperature below 10., CentigradP.." Therefore, you should
choose answer {D).

Now begh1 work on the questions.

fl

Bahasa Inggris

165
1 of all the factors affacting agricultura.I yieids,
we~ther Is the one

the most.

6. For the Investor who ___ money, silver or

bonds are good options.

-~-

(A) It influences farmers

(8) that Influences farmers
(C) tanners that it influences
(0) why farmers influence it
2.

Ooctor~I students who are preparing to take

:their qualifying examinations have been
'studying In the library every night
the
last three months.

(A) has so a little

(8) has very Htlle
.(C) has so few
(D) has very few
7. The United States is _ _ _ there are five
time zones.

(A) much big that

(B) too big that

(A) since
(6) until
(C) before
(D) for

3.

are ;:!at leached out of soil, reclamation

procedures are needed to restore the .land's
productivity.
{A) For conoen1rations of sail
(8) Ii salt concentrations
(C) Salt concentrations that
(0) With concentrations of sal_t

{C) so pig that

(D) very big that
8. Systems oi phonetic writing a r e _ at
transcribing accurately any sequence of
speech sounds

(A) the aim

(B) who a;ms
(C) by aiming
1
(D) aimed.

9. The spectacularly beautiful and su!try voice of

Lena H9rne made her _ _

Nails protect the ends of human fing~rs and

toes_._ protect the t0es of most other
vertebrates.

(Ai as claws
(B) claws
{C) as claws do
(D) so do claws

T:-avellers
, their reservations well in
advance If they want to fly durinQ the
Christmas holirlays.

(A)

beir.g a natic;mally celebrated

vocalist
(8) as nationaily celcbreited
vocalist
(C) a vocalist was nationally
cerebrated
(0) a nationally .celebrated vocalist
10. Prcfessior:ial people appreciate
when it
is neces$ary to cancel an appointment.
.

{A) you to call them

(A) had better to get

(8) that you wculd call them

(8) had to get bet!er

(C) had better g~t
(D) had better got

(C) your calling them

(0) that you are -caUing them

Bahasa Inggris

. :~ '... .

166.

- '.t{k::''.'
.. ) .
.
.. : 11.Not'untll.a student has mastered algebra

:
.

\~!/;::,.:~.-

~~~r,:~~

. ~ :.:.~:. :.
. . . ....
.

... i

: / _. ::

the prlnclples of geometry,

.trJgonometry.. and physics~
. .
:'.1.

. '

_.

: (A) he can begin to.understand

(B); can he begin to understand
.. (C) he begins to understand .

(~) ~eglns. to understand

...

''.

12.. The 6orrimutatlon of a criminal's sentence

. dlffers from:a pardon_ reduces the termG
of punishment r:lther than excuses tile .

crlmln~i comp!etely.

(A)

in that tt .

{B) in that

. (C)that it in
(0) that in
13 . Raln making, g.enerally by cloud seeding, is
the main type.of_:

14. According to .the conditions o(mY schola~hlp,

.after finishing my ~egree .._:._ :
(A) my education will be ~mployed
.by the university.
(8) employment wm be given to me .
by the university.

(C) the university wUI employ ine.

(0) 1will be employed by the
university.

(A) fast how Its atoms and

molecules move
. (B) its atoms and molecules move
how fast
:
(C) how its atoms fast and
molecules movs
(0) how fast its atoms and
molec~les move

.
(A) mcdJficatlon In the weather
(~) WE}ather modifying.
(C) we.ather modlflcatlon

:.-{O) modifying the weath~r

...

15. The_Jev~I of th9 f.oternal energ~ in ~n "Object

depends on_.
. . . .

..

Bahasa
. ..... Inggris

......

..

.. .

.11

..

i67 , ..

Directions: i~ questions 1640 each sentence hasfour underlined words orphrases. :rhe.four.underiined
parts of the s.enlence am n:tarked (A}, (S). (C), and {D): lder.ttf.y the rut underlln..e&tword or phrase tnaf
mu~t be change_t$ In ~rde.r fof tJ~e . seotence to be gr;ammat1~Uy correcl. ah.en, oh
answer ~tt.eet, fit'1d
the number of the q~esti.on . and fill ln the space that correspo_fldS to the ~etter of the arn.wer you .have
-~hosen;.

t
-~--~-

your

. f

Sample Answer

.Example I

@<ID

Meadowlarks are .fillQy! lhe same size th::n robins.

but they have heavier bodids. shorter tails, arid

,>
C
longer bnts.

The sentence should read.- "Meadowlarks are about the same size as roblps, but they have heavterbodies. shorter tails, and. ~ongerbitls/. Th~:refore, you should choose answer (8).

t:x~rnple

Sample Answer

JI

When ov.erall 'exports exceed i.mQorts. a country :>aid

A
.
B.
C
to hsve.. a trade surplus.

@..<JI)
..

;D

The sentence should read, "When overati exports exceed imports. a country is satd to-have a trade
surplus ... TharP.fol'e. you !>hould choose answer (C).

Now begin work on the questions .

......

Bahasa Inggris

16.. Th~ concept or attitude arises irom attempt~ to account for oi>sEfrved consist~ncy in the behaviour of
.
.
A
B
c.
individuals persons .
. D
17. The explanation for the expf.>sioning force of volcanoes :Hes. in the pressure of the _gases imprisoned
. .
A
B

C
D.
.
within the molten rock.
18. In the wild, tea plants becoml) trees of approximatelv thirty feet in high.
A
.
B
C
.
D
19. The

conditio~s most favourable to the

A

form of dew !m. relatively high humidity

B
. C

and a cairn. clear

0

~~mosphere .

20. Leg muscles and ~ones act together to support the body and providing movement when a person~
.
A
B
. C
~

walks or runs.
D

21. In purchasing a winter coat, it is verv important for trving it on with heavy ctothfng underneath.
A
B
C
D
22. As the demand increases. manufacturers who previously produced only a large. luxury car!:! compelled

\_

to make a smaller model in order to compete in the market.

~4'

23. 7he plants that 1~ be Ion<;> to the family of ferns ~ quite varied in. their size and structure.
.A
B
C
D

a..

24.

Rcse~rch

in molecular biology has dernonstrnle phenomenal similaiities between humans and

apes.

25. The bell siqnallinq the end of the first period ra11g loud. interrupting the professor's closing comments.

26. The rest of the stockholders wm receive hi~ reports in the mail along with a copy of today's proceedings.
A
B
C
D
27. Space photography and advanced measurement technology! including a laser reflector placed on

the Moon. have possibie made ext1emely precise mea~:;urements of the sunaces of the Earth.

28. Between lht: high and low tidemarks of marine coasts exi!:Ung abundant and varied plant and
A
B
C
D
nnimol l'.f P..
~

29. Although we are i.;onceroed with the problem of energy sources. we must not fai! recognising the

A
need for environmental protection.

D
B

IJ

Bahasa Inggris
.....

30~ Most

169

of

the damage property attribu~ed !Q the Sao Francisco earth.quake 91..1 ~06 resulted from. the fire
.
. . . A

e
. .
.. . C .
. ..
that folloyted.

...o

..

:. '

31. Minoru Yamasaki is an America~ architect whi~ works departed from.the austerity iteguentlv associated.
.
.A
.
B..
. with architecture In the. United States
. after the Second World War.

~.

32. Although ~hristopher Columbus made three voyages to the West jndies and even establfs~1ed colonies

there. he l;!ad believed trnt he had found Asia.

IJ

and poUcerr.en who

33. What happEmed in NeY' York were a reaction from .city workers, Including firemen
~
B
C
ha~ been laid off from their jobs.

D
34. Haying chose the topio; for their eSSilyS, the students~ instructed to make ei~her a preliminary

r.

outlineot a rough draft.

35. Aft&i the police had tri.sd unsuccessf~!IJ.y to determine to ~the car belonged, they towed i! into the

.A

station.

- I

36. Despite of the increq~ a in air f c:res, most p~_pple still prefer to travel

uy plane.

38. Quince, a shrub native !o Asia, is pri::ad for whos~ green.yellow, hard fruit wiiich is useci in preserve~.
.
A
8
C
D

37. The modem racing bicycle is carefully 1.mgineered fo~ safety, lightness. and reliable

. D

39. There have been little change in the p2tient's condition~ he was moved to the intensive-care unit.

40. The c!1tles of the secre:tary ~to. tak~ the minutes. ma=1inq ihe correspondence, and calling the

membsl'S before meefogs.

-!
J

Bahasa Inggris

Questions 41 - so

on

une
(5J

...
(10J

(15)

. (20J

Social parasitism involves one species relying

another to raise its young . Among
vertebrates. the best known social parasites are suCh birds as cuckoos and cowbirds; the female
lays an egg in a nest belonging to another species and leaves It tor the host to rear.
The dulotic species of ants. however, are the supreme social parasites~ Con$1der, for example,
the unusual ~ehavior of ants belonging to the genus Polyergus. All species of this ant.have lost
the abllity to care for themselves. The workers .do not forage for food, feed their brood or queen,
or even dean their own nest. To compensate tor these deficits, Polyerg~s has become specla1lzed
at obtaining workers from the related genus Fonnlca to do 'hese chores.

.
.
In a raid, several thousand Polyergus workers will travel up to 500 feet in search of a Formica
nest, penetrate it, drive off the queen and her workers, capture the pupal brood, and transport
back t~ their nest. The captured brood Is then reared by the resident Formica worke~ until th~
developing pupae emerge to add to the Formica population, which maintains the mixed-species
nest. The Formica workers forage for food and give it toeolony members of both species.. They
. also remove wastes and excavate new chambers a:; the population Increases.
The 'true extent of thfsPolyergus ants dependence on tlie Formica become apperent When
the worker population grows too targe for the existing nesl Formica scouts locate !J ne~ nest:ng
site, return to the mixed-species colony, and rec.uit additlc;inal Formica nest m~tas. During a
period that may last seven days. the Formica workers carry to the ne~ nest ail the Polyergus
eggs, larvae, and pupae. every Polyergus adult, and even the Polyergus queen
Of the approximately s,noo species of ants in the world, all 5 specle.s of Polyergus and some
200 species in other genera have evoved some degree of parasitic relationship with .other. ants~

.;t

-~.

41. Which of the foilowing statements best

represent~ the main idea of the passage?

(A) Ants belMging to the genus Formica are

incapable of performing certain tasks.
(8) The genus PolyergJs is quite similar to
the genus Formica.
(C) Ants belonging to the genus Pclyergus
have an unusual relationship with ants
belonging to the genus Formica.
(D) Polyergus ants frequently leave their
nests to build new colonies.

43. The author mentions cuckoos and .cowbirds In

lines 2 because they
(A) share their nt:sts with each other
(8) are clo5ely related species
(C) raise the Oung of other birds
(0) are sociaLparasites

44. The word "it" in tine 3 refers to

<A)

~pecies

(B) nest

(C) egg

worp

ralse" in line 1 is closest in

me~nlng to

42. The

11

{D) female

(A) rear
(B) lift
(C) coaect
(D) Increase

....

Bahasa Inggris

...

. .

"l

--!

SECTION 2
VO.CA6Ul,.ARY AND ~.EADING COMPREHENSION

.Directions: In this ~~_ction yoo ~m. read sever~l passages. Each one Is followed by ~everal questions
about It. For question~ 41-.100, you are to choose the one b~st answer. (A) .. (B), (C), or (0). to each

question. Then, on your answer.sheet, find the number of the question ~nd fill In the spC!ce that
corresponds to tha letter of the answer you hav~ chose~.
. .
.:

Answer all questions following

~ passage on the basis of what is stated or Implied In that passage.

Read .t~e f~ll9Y"'"9 pa,ssage:

: The .railroad wa~ not the first institution to Impose. regularity on society, or to dra~ attention to

the lmp~rtance of precise tif.1ekceping. For as long as merchants have set Ol!t thelrwares at
d~ybreak and communal restivities have been celebrated, people hav~ been In rough agreement
with
thetr neighbor~ as to the time of day. The value of this tradition Is today more apparent than ,
uno
(5} ever. Were it not for public acceptance ?fa single yardstick of tim6', social.life would be
unbearably chaotic: the m~ssive daily transfers of goods, services, and Information would
proceed In fits and.starts; the very fabric.of.modem society would begin to unravel.
.

Exampfe I

. What is the mai~ idea C?f the passage?

Sample Answer
@@

(A).. fn modern society w1~ must make mora Ume

for our neighbor~..
.
. (8) The traditions of soc:lety are tim61ess.
(C). An ac~epted way of measur ng time is e!isential
for the smooth fnnctionin J o(society. .
(0) Society ;udges eople by th! times at which
they ccnduct ce1tain acli ilies.

The main idea of the passage is that soc1etie!> need to agree about how time Is to be measured in order
.. to function smoothly. Therefore, you should choose (C)~

Example 11

Sample Answer

In llne 4, the phrase "it1is traoition" 1efers to

.e

the pr&cti~e of ~;tarting the business day at dawn

friendly relatici11J between neighbors
the railroad!s r:: ii anee 011 time ~.ciledules
people':; ~greeinent on the mea:>urernent of lime

(A)
(8)
(C)
(0)

..

Th~ phrase th.is tr~dltion" ;efP.rs to the preceding clause, "people have been in rough agre~ment with
thear neighbors as to th~ t:me of day." Therefore, you should choose {D). Now begin work on !he
11

questions.

Bahasa Inggris

172.
45. What does the author mean by stating that
7tie dulotic spe'cies of ants .. are the
supreme social para~ites Qihe 4) ?

49. What happens \Yhen a mixed colony of

Potye.rgus and Formica ants becomes too

targe? . .

(A) The Polyergus are more highly

d~veloped than the Formica.
(B) The Formica have developed
.
specialized roles.
(C) The. Polyergus are heavily dependent on .

(A) The Polyergus workers enlarge the

existing nest.
.
.
(8) The captured Formica workers return
their original nest..
.

(0} The Formica do not reproduce rapidly

enough to care for themselves.

(A).
(8)
(C)
(D)

Look for food.

Raid another nest.
Care for the young.
Clean itsown nest!

so.

According to the Information in the passage.

all of the f oltowing terms refer to ants
belonging to the genus Formica EXCEPT the

(A) dulotlc species of ants (line 4)

(B) t;aptured brood (line 11)
(C) devel.oping pupae (lfne 12)
(D) worker population (line 16)

47. The word excavate" in Hne 14 is closest in

meaning to
"(A} find
(8) clean
(C) repair
(D) dig

48. T-heword "'recruit" in line 17 is closest in

- ~eaning to
(A) create
(B) enlist
(C) endure
(0) capture

...

to

(C) The Polyergus and the Formica build

separate nests.
(D) ThePolyergus and the Formica move to
a new nest.

t.he Formica.

46. Which of the following Is a task that an ant.of

the genus Polyergus might de?

Bahasa Inggris

i1.3
auestlons ~1 - 59.

Une
(5)

..

Probab1y 11~e most famo.us mm corn nenti'1~ on twentieth century technology is M~d.em nmes,. m~d~ In. 1936. Chnriio Clmp1J11 was rnQ iv:itcd to make lhe mm by a reporter who, while ..
inter.jiewii1g hini ..haj.,penr.d to describe: working r....anditions in industrial Detroit. Chaplin was. told
that heallhy youn{J farm boys were lurcj to lh~ city to worK on automotive assembiy Ones. Wilhin
tour or five years. lh<?r.e young men's health was r"iestroyed by the stress of work in the faG:lor(es . , ...
The film opens with a shot. of a mass of sheep mgking their way_ down a crowded rarrip.

-~-

Abruptly the scene shirts l<? a scene of factory worK~1rs jostling one another O!l their way to a .

(10j_

(15J

(20)

.
factory. However. lhe rather bitter.note of ~rilicism in .the implied comparison is not sustaln~d. ~t is
replaced by a gender note.of satire. Chaplin prefers to ent~rt~in rather .than lecture.
Scenes of factory in_teriors account for only aboL:~ one-lhird of the footage of Modem Times.
but they contain some of the most pointed social commentary as well as the most comic
situations. No one wha has-seen the film ca.n ever forget Chaplin vainly trying to ~eep pace with
th.e last-movinu conveyor belt; almost loshg his a:nind in the process. Anoth,er popular scene
Involves an avtomatic feeding machin~ brought to the assembly fine so that workers need not
interrupt Uieir abor lo eat. The feeding machine malfunctions. hurling food at Chapll!l, who
strapped ~n.to llis position on the assembly line and cannot escape. This serves to illustrate
people's utter helplessness in the face <Jf machines that are meant to serve their basic needs.
Clearly, Nodem Times has !ts faults, but It remains the best film treating technology within a
soCial.conte>:l. It does not offer a radical social message. but it does accurately reflect th~
' .
senlime11ts c r n~any who feel they are victims of an ove.r-mechanized world.

is

51. The author's main purpose in \riling this

passage is to
(A) crltlci7.e he facto;y system pf the 1930's
{8) analyze an import(lnt film
(C) exptafn =:hap!in'.s style of c:ting .
(D) discuss how film .revec;ls the benefits of
technology

52. According t:> 1hc pns::;age, Cl1~::nlin go! the

idea for th~ film Modem Time!;. frori~
(A) a newspaper erlicie
(B) a see le in a m"vie
(C) a job he had once hrJd
(0) a conversation \"'ilh a newsp.Clp.Wia.n_
53. Tlie word abrurlly" in line 7 i:;- closest in

meaning io
(A) suddenly
( 8) mys~eriously
{C) finally
~
(0) predictably

54. lt can be inferred from the pas~age that

1wo-thirds of the film Modem Times

(A)
(8)
(C)
{D)

is coryipletely unforgettable
take~ place outside a factory
is more criticalthan the other third
entertains the audience more than thP,
other third

55. Which of the following could best replace the

phrase "losing l]is mind" in line 13?
(P.)
(0)
(C)
(B)

Getting fired
Doing his job
Going Insane
Falling behind

f 6. The word "This" in line 16 refers to which of

the ro:lowing?

(A} The machine

~~) The food
(C) ThP assembly tine
(D) The scene

...

Bahasa Inggris

' 174
5 7. According to the passage. the purpose of the
scene involving the feeding machine is to

show pe.opta=s
(A) ingenuity
(0) adaptability

{C) helpressness
(D) independence

38. The word utter" in. liq~_ 17 is closest in

meaning to ~hi ch of the foUowing?
(A) Notable
(B) Complete
(C) Regrettable
(D) . Necessary

59. The author wo~ld probably be LEAST like.ly

to 1;1se which of the f oUOWing words to

describe the. ~Im Modem 77mes?

(A) .Revolutionary
(B) 'entertaining
(C) Memorable
(D) Satirical.

Bahasa Inggris

175:
. Que$tions 60 - !1
According to the best QVkJence gattlered by spaca. probes and. astronomers, Ma.rs Js an
.
., inhosplt$ble planet,ma're shnifai l<f Earth's Moon than lo Earth Itself - a dry, stafk, seemingly
. lifeless world. Mars~ ~.Ir. pressure ls equal t~ Earth's at:an altitude of 100.000 feet. The air there is
: Line 95% carbon dioxide. 'Mars has no c~:one layer to screen out the Sun's lethal radiation .
. (SJ
Daytime 'temperatures may re.ac1 above freezing. but because the planet is blanketed .by the
mere wisp of an: atmosphere, ~he r,,~at radiates back into space. Evan at =the ~quator. the

(10)

(15)

temperature drops to ..:so0 cc-6o:f, .::! night. Toda1 there is no liquid water. although valleys. and
channels on the surface ~ho~ ev.ide:nce of having been c~rved b.~ running water. The poiar i~e
caps are made of f!'ozen water and curbon dioxide, and watermay be frozen In th~ ground as
-penna frost.

.
Despite these difficult conditioris, certain scientists believe that then;~ is a possibility of
transforming Mars into a more Earth-like planet. Nuclear reactors might be used to melt frozen
gas.es .and eve.ntwdly bui.ld up tliE atmosphere. This in turn could cre2te a gr~enhouse effect that.
would-step he.at from radiating be ck into space.uquid water cou:d be thawed to forri.l a polar

ocean. Once enough ice has met .ed suilabfe plants could be iQtrodu~d to build upthe level of .
oxygen in the atmosphere so t~a . in time, the planet would support animal iife from Earth and
to be
even permanent human colonies "This was onee th~ught to be so far in the future
irre1evant, .. said Christopher McK ~y. a r~search scientist at the NatiQnal Aeronautics and Sp3ce
,~dmlnistration: "But now it's starting to look practical. We cculd begin war~ in four ~r five
decades."
-Tha idM of Ute.Ta-forming" M; rs, as enthusiasts~call it, has its roots iri science fiction. But as
researchers dev~:lop a more profound understanding or how Earth's ecology supports life', ttaey
have begun to sec how i~ may be possible _to create similar conditions on ~ar.s. Don't plan on
homesteading en Mars .any time soon, though. The process could take hundred~ or even
thousands of ye.ars to complete. and the cost would be staggering.

as

(20)

. (~SJ

60. W!th which of the following is the pas~;age

priniar.ily concern!~d?
possibility of changing ttie Mi:1rtiar~
environn1ent
(8) The chaUenge
interplanetary travel
(C) The advantages of establishing -:olcnies
on Mar:;
(D) The need iO study the ~..~arti;rn t~CJlogy
(A)

Tit~

of

61. The word "stark" in line 2 is cros~st in

meaning to
(A) harsh
(8) unknr::iw:1
(C) dark
(D) distant

52: The word "there" in line 3 r~fers to

(A)
(8)
(C)
(0)

a point 100 miles above the Earth

1he Earth's Moon
Mars
outer space

63. Wl1ich of the foJlowing does the author NOT

list as ri characteristic of the planet Mars that
would make colonization diff!culr?
(A) There is little !iquid water.
(8) Daytime temperatures are dangerously

high.

{C) The s.1n~ rays ~=-e ~deadly.

(0) Nighttime temperatures are extremely

low.

Bahasa Inggris

.176

...
64. According to t~e passage, the Martian
atmosphere today consists mainly of
. .
.
(A) .carbon

dioxide

(B) Qxyjen
(C) ozone
(0) water vapor
65. it can be inferred from the passage that the
greenho~se effeqt mentio~ed i~ ~ine 13 is

(A)
. {B)"
(C)
. (0)

the direct result of nuclear reactions

the cause of low temperatures on Mars
caused by the absence of green pla:its
a possible m~~ns of warming Mars

6~. The word "suitable;; In line 15 is closest in

meaning to
(A) resistant
."(8) altered
(C) approp1 late
(0)~ native

69. The phrase more profound" In line 22 .is

closest in _meaolng to
(A)
(B)
(C).
. (D}

deeper .
more practical
more up-to-date
brighter

70. According to the article~ the basic knowlec

need~d to transform Mars comes. fqrtn
(A)
(8)
(C)
(0)

the science of ~stronomy

a knowledge of.Earth's ecology
data irom space probes
science .fiction stories

71. The v-'Ord staggering In Hrie 25 Is closest

me~ning to

(A) astonishing
(8) restrictive
(C) increasing
(0) unpredictable

67_; . According to Christopher McKay, the

possibility of transforming Mars
(A) could occur only Jn sci~nce fiction stories
(Bj will not begin for hundreds, even
thousands of years
(Cl is completely impractical
(0) could be started in 40 to SO years

68. As Jsed in line 21. the term "term-forming"

refers to
(A) a process for adapting plants to live 011
Mars
.
(8) a means o; transporting materials
through space
cc; a method of building housing for
colonists on Mars
(0) a system of creating Earth-like conditions
on other planets

..,

Bahasa Inggris
17
. at.Jestions 72 - ~1

Perl .~ps .the

stfiking quality of satiric literature Is its freshne.ss. Its or!glnality perspective.
Satire .rarely offe~s origir;lal ideas. Instead, it presents .i~e familiar In a new form. S~t~rlsts do not

mo.st

offer the WOild new ph!!o:mphles. Wtlal lhey, do Is loo.k al familiar condlllons frorri

a perspective

Une that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of eomplacence .
(5) Into .a pleasantly shocked-realization th~t many of the values we unquesUonlnQJy accepl are fal.se.
Don. Quixote rnakes 1:-:hivalry seem.absurd: Brave New World ridfcules the pretenslo.ns of science:
A Modest Proposal dt;;lmatizes st~rvation by advocating ca.nnibalism: None of these ideas !s
orlglnal. Chivalry wa~ ~;uspec.& beiore Cervantes. humani~ts objected to the claims of pure science
before Aldous Huxley, .~nd people .were aw~re of ramine b~fore !3wift. It was not the or~ginality of
(10) the Idea tb~l made these salires popular: It WJS the manner of expression, the satiric method. that
made. them Interesting and entertaining. Satlr~s are read because they are aesth'etlcally satisfying
works of art, not bocause they are morally wholesome or ethically Instructive. They are ~timulating
aod refreshing because with comrn~msense brisl<ne~s they brush away illusions and secondhand
opinions. With spontaneous irreverence. satire rearranges perspec-.tives~ scrambles familiar
(15) objects into incongruQl~S juxtapositicn. and speaks in a personal Idiom instead of abstract
(Jlatitud~s.

Satir~ exists because tr.ere is need for it. It has lived because readeiS appreciate refreshing
stimulus, an irreverent reminder tha they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap
moralizing, and foolish .philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though
(20) rarely to any action on behalf of iruth. Satire tends to remind people that m~ch of what they see.
hear. and read in popular m~dia i~ san~timonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life
. resembles in only a slight degree the pop11lar image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideais that
movies attr!bute to them. nor doordinary citizens devote their lives to un:;alfish service of
humanity. lntellig.ent people kno.w these things but tend tc1 forget them when they do not hear them
(25)

expressed.

72. What does the passage rnainly

dis~uss?

(A) Difficulties of-writing S!1tiric literaturn

(8) Popular topics of satire

;:13.

74. Why does the author mention Don Quixote,

Brave New World and A Modest Proposal in
lines G-7?

(C) Ne\.., philosophies emerginy from satiric

(A) They are famou$ examples of satiric

literature
(0) Reasons for the

literature.
(B) They present commonsense solutions to
problems.
{C) They are appropriate for

pop~!ariiy

of satirr

the word "realization" in line 5 is closest in

meaning to

'?-

readers-of.au ages.
(0). They are books with sfmilar

{A)
(8)
(C)
(C)

certainly

stories ...

awareness
surprise
confusion

;.

Bahasa Inggris

..

75. The word ..aesthetically" in line 11 is clos.est in

meaning ~o

(A) teach themselves to write fiction

(B) aecej>t co~yen~lonal points of view
(C} beqome better~ Infarmed about current

(A) artfstically
(9) exceptlonauy
(C) realistically

affairs

(0) .dependably
76. Which of the following
literature?

79. As a result of reading.satiric literature. readers

will ~e most Ukely to

ean be found in satiric

(0) reexamine ~heir opinions and values

80. The various purposes of Utlre lnolude aU Qf

the following EXCEPT . .

(A) Newly emerging p}iUosophies

(8) Odd combinations of objects and ideas .
(C) Abstract.discussion of mora!s and ethics
(D) Wholesome characters who are unselfish

77. According to the passage. there is a need for

satire t?ecause p~ople need to. be
(A) informed about new scientific
. developments
(Bj expos.ea to original philosophies when
they are formulated
(C) reminded that popclar ideas are often
. ~-..~inaccurate
.
(0) tcfd"how they can be of ser\lice to their
. ..:-tomrnunities
78. The word "devote" in line 23 is ciosest in
meaning to
.-(A) di~inguish
(8) feel dfection

(C) prefer
(0) dedicate

{A) : introducing readers to unfamiliar

situations
(8) brushing away illusions
(C) reminding readers of the truth
(D) expos in~ false values
81. WhJ does the author mention ..seNice of
hu':l'anity" in lines 23-24?
(A) People

need to be reminded to take

action.

(B} Readers appreciate knowing about it.

(C) It is an ideaf that is rarely a_c~Jeved.
(0) Popular mr,dia otteu dls,tort such stories.

Bahasa Inggris
Questiuns 82, .. 91
People appear fo be born to _coni'pute. The numerical skins of chllgren develop so -early and sc .
inexorabfy that. it is ea;Sy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their
growth Not 101)y a fl er lc:::arnlqg to uaur and talk. the.y can s&t the table with lmpr.eulve
Une accur.ic;y - one plat~. -one knife, one spoon. one fork, for each of the flve.chafl'$. Soon they are
(5) capabie of noling that they have placed five knives. spoons: and forks on the tabl~ and, a bit late
that tt::s amounts to fifteen piec_es of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they niove on to
suhtr.a~lion. 1t seems almost reasona~le to expect that if a child were se~uded oll a desert island
.at binh .3nd retrieved severi years later he or she could enter a .seco'nd.;grade r_nathem~tics etas$
withoul any s~rious. problem~ or intelfec.tual adiustment.
..

110)
Of course, the truth i;; not so :;imple~ This ceniury, the work of cognitive psych~logists has
m~m1inated the sublle forms of caity learning on whi.ch Intellectual progress depends. Children
were Qbserved a:; they s_iowly gra.sped - or, as the case inJ_ght be, bumped lfllO - r.orccepts tha~ ..
adults take fer gr:lnted, as they reiused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as
wat~r pours from a short stout gl<-iss inlo a ta.I thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated
(1S) that young childr~n. asked tc count the penc:ls in a pile, readily report tile number of blue or red
pendls, but must be coaxed into r:~ding thetotal. Suet\ St\.ldies have suggested that the rudiment:.
of malhernalics are 1:n:Jstered gradua:ly, and with .effprt. Thay have also suggested that the very
concept of abstract numbers - the idea a oneness. a twoness a threeness that applies to arw
class of'obj-ects.:and i~ a_prerequisi:e for doing anything more mathematically(jemanding than
(20) setting a table -- is itself far from innate.

of

82. What does the passage m:,,inly discu3s?

(A) Trends in teaching 1n<?1la~m;H!cs \o
d1ilcJren
(B) The use of 111athem3tics in chLd
psycholoay
(C) The development of rnC:ttier.ie.1tic ;1 C!b:lity
in child1e:n
(D) The fundamental conceo:s of

83. It can be inferred from the p<?:;sa~]e thnt

c_hildren normally learn slrr:;::i.: t:'.i'.1=1n~!qg
(A)

ctocJ:

..

~-

(D) lighted
85. The author implies that most small children
believe that the quantity of water changes
-when it is transferred to a container of a
different

(B) quality

(C) when they begin to br; 111att1em~1t1caliy

mature
(0) after lhey reach second wacii:=. in

(A) illustrated
(B) 2ccepted
cc; clarified

(A) color

soon afle,. they learn to i<~lk

(Bi by 1ookinn al lha

84. The Word "'illuminated" in line 11 is closest in

meaning to

:~r.hool

(C) weight
(D) shape

Bahasa Inggris

,,

.. ,..
\

180
86. According t~ the passage. when small
children were asked to count a pile of red.~nd
blue pencils they

90. With which of the following statements woutc

the .a.uthor b~ LEASY lfkely to agree?.

(A) Children naturally ~nd easily ream

mathematics.
(B) children learn to add ~efore they leam t<
subtract
.

(C) Most people follow.the same patt~rn uf
mathemstical development
(0) Mathematical development Is subtle and
gradual.

(A) c~unt~d the number of pencils of e~ch

. color
(B) guessed at the total number of pencils
(C) .counted only the pencils of their favorite
.
color
.

(0) s4btracted the number of red pencils
. from the num~:er cf blue pencils
87. The word rhey In Jin~ 17 refers to
(A) mathematicia~s
(8) .childr~n
(C) pencUs
(D) stu<iies

91.

Where in the passage does the author give

an example of a hypothetff'.'.&f experiment?

(A) Lines 3-6
(B) Lines 7..9

(C) Lines 11-14

(D) Lines 17-20

88. The word "prerequisite in line 19 is closest in

mea~ing.to

(A)
(9)
(C)
. (D)

89. The

reason
theory
requirement
technique
\~1ord

"itself' in line 20 refers to

(A) the total

(B) the concept or abstract
numbers
(C) any class of object~
(D) :ietting a table
~

Bahasa Inggris

.. auestions
.
.

a2' - 100. ..

the

. A(\.,other crftical.f~ct~rthat. plays a part susceptibility to colds is agQ. A studydQne by

UnlversltY~~f.Mlch1gen .~chool o/.PUbllc-.Health revealed p~rtlculars that seem to hold true for the
.. general p9pulatlon.1'1fanl3-are tQemQs~ c9ldrld(Jen g.rou~. averaging mo~e.than six colds intheir
Unt1 'first ye~t B<?YS _have. more ~~ds than g1~s up to aQe three} After the age of three. girls are mo.re
(5} susceptit le tharf ~oys, an~tee~age g!ris a~erag.e three colqs a year to boys' two.
.
The gener"I Jncide.nce .of colds continues to decline into maturity. Elderly people wt.o are in
.good health have as few as one or tY?o colds annually. One exce;>tion is found amons people in
their twent~es, espeolally women, w90 show a rfse in cold infections, ~ecause peQpfe in this age
group arc mpst likely to have ypung. chlldren; J\dults who delay having children until their ttairties
(10) . ,afld forties experience .the -$ame sudden tncrease fn cold inf~cti9ns.

. .
.
: . . : .The study also found.that econ~mics plays
important role. As income increases, the ; .
frequency at which colds ere reported In the family ~ecreases. Families with the Jowest incqme
suffer abOllt a third "'ore ca1ds 'than ramifies et the upper..end. Lower income generally fo~ces
people to Uve In mor~ cramped o.uarters t~an. ~hose typically ~ccupied by wealthier people .. ,and .
(15) crowding Increases. the. -opportunities for th~ .cofd virus to travel from p~rson to person .. Low;
income may also adversely.influence diet The degree to which podr nutrition affects susceptibility
to col.ds ~s not ye"t clearly establi.:hed: but an :nadequate diet is sl,fspected .of lowering resistance

In

an

genera.Uy.

92. The paragraph that precedes this pas.sage

most pi0be1bly deals with

(A) mfl)or diseases other than colds

(8) the tecommended treatment of colds
(C) a factor that affects susceptibility to colds
(D) methods of preventing c;olds among
elderly people

93. Which

of the following is closest In meaning

to the.word "partlculars" in line 2?

94. What dots. the author claim about the study

discussed Jn the passage? .
(A) U contains many.inconsistencies.
(B) It specializes in chHdren:
(C) It contradicts the resu!ts of earlie( studies
in the field'. '
(0) Its results apparently are reh3vant for the
population as ll"Whole.
95. It may be inferred .from the passage that
which of the following groups of people is
most likely to catch colds?

{A) Minor errors

(8). Specmc acts' .

{C)" Small distinctions

(D) Individual people .

(A)
{B)
(C)
(0)

infant boys
Young girls
Teenage boys
Elderly women

..

.,

"-e.

Bahasa Inggris

..

182
96. There is information in the second paragraph . 98. The author's main purpose In writing the last
of the passage to support which of the
paragraph of the passage was to
following conclusions?
(A) e xpl~in ho~ cold viruses are transmitted
(A) Men are more susceptible to CtJlcts thari
(B) prove !hat ~ poor diet causes colds
women.
{C) discuss .the relationship between lncome
~ and ~requency of colds
(8) Children infect their parents wlf.h colds.
(0) People who live in a cold clim~te hav~
(D) discuss th'e distribution of income among
the 'people In tM study

rfioi"e colds than those who live In a

warm ('ne.
(D) People who don't have children are
more susceptible to colds than those

99. The \\'Orel cramped in line 14 ls closest In

mean ng to

. who do.
97. The.phrase people in.this age group
(lines 8-G) refers to

(A)
(8)
.(C)
(D)

infants
peopie in their twenties
people in their thirtie.s and fortie!!
elderly people

(A) ~i1aap
(B) ~rowded
(C) depressing
(D) simple
100.The author's tone inthis passage could best
uesc:ibad as
:

be

(A) neutral
..,1...

(8) humorous
(C} tentative

(D) critical