INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

ON
SERVICE DELIVERY OPERATIONS WITH RESPECT TO
WIRED AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of

Degree of Bachelor of Technology (M.D. University, Rohtak) in
Electronics and Communication Engineering
(2015-16)

SUBMITTED BY:
NAME: Rajni Rawal
UNIVERSITY ROLL NO:____________

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:

Mr. Navneet Rai
Manager (Enterprise Services)

Mrs. Dimple Saproo

HOD (ECE)

DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DRONACHARYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
FARRUKH NAGAR, GURGAON

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the Industrial Training Report titled SERVICE DELIVERY
OPERATIONS WITH RESPECT TO WIRED AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY is
an authentic record of my own work as requirements of 6-months Industrial Training during
the period from 20 January 2016 to 31st may 2016 for the award of degree of B.Tech.
(Electronics & Communication Engineering), M.D. University, Rohtak under the guidance of
Mr. Navneet Rai and Mr. Shubham Srivastava.

(Signature of student)
Rajni Rawal
Date: ____________________

(University Roll No.)

This is to certify that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of our
knowledge and belief.

Signatures of Supervisors
1.

2.

External examiner
(Signature)

Head of Department
(Signature and Seal)

CERTIFICATE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
.
I am extremely grateful to MR. NAVNEET RAI (MANAGER, ENTERPRISE
SERVICES) for permitting me to join service enterprise. I would like to thank him for
time to time guidance and help extended during each stage our project. It is not without his
help I could have been able to complete my Training here.
I would like to express my deep satisfaction and gratitude to my faculty guides MR.
Shubham Srivastava and MR. Nazar Alam for their kind help extended during the
entire period of training.
Finally, I would like to thank each and every member of BHARTI AIRTEL family for
making me feel comfortable and helping me in every possible manner.

RAJNI RAWAL
B.TECH (ECE)

ABSTRACT
1

In technology internet communication began as resolution. The idea of sending voice across a
data network, in packet format, has been raise by a hope of eventually creating new markets,
but for a long time that hope remained latent. We all are familiarize with some sorts of
communication in our day to day life. We use telephone and postal communication systems
for the communication of information or massages. Similarly data and information from one
computer system can be transmitted to other systems across geographical areas.
Thus data transmission is the movement of information which uses some standard
methods.These methods include electrical signals carried along a conductor, optical signals
along with optical fibers and electromagnetic areas. Wired communications make use of
underground communications cables, electronic signal amplifiers (repeaters) inserted into
connecting cables at specified points, and terminal apparatus of various types, depending on
the type of wired communications used. Various telecommunications systems combine wired
communications with radio communication, such as radio-relay and satellite
communications.A classic example of wired communications is the traditional home
telephone that is connected to the local telephone switch via wires that are ran from the home
to the switch.
While wireless communication solutions have become more common in recent years, the use
of wired services remains common and is not likely to disappear in the near future.Today
customers are demanding a different kind of communications infrastructure to line up more
closely with the different kind of business environment (shaped by the Internet) in which they
find themselves operating. Likewise, service providers are beginning to come forth with new
ideas about how to deliver features and applications to their customers.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Tables

vi

List of Figures

vii

Abbreviations

viii

Chapters
1. Introduction to Company profile and objective of
Project done
1.1 Bharti
Airtel

2
1.2 History

..
2
1.3 Organisational
Structure..
3
1.4 Airtel
Presence
.
4
1.5 Services
in
India..
7
1.6 Airtel
Vision

8
1.7 Logo
..
8
1.8 Objective
of
Project
Done
9
2. Tools & Technology Used

2.1 Technology
.
10
2.1.1Wireline
Communication. 10
2.1.2Wireless
Communication. 20
2.2 Tools
26
3. Schedule of activities done with appropriate
Snapshots
3.1 Open the Software.
3.2 Order Assigned..
3.3 The Process
3.4 Provisioning Check...
3.5 Installation Process...
3.6 E2E Ping Snapshot...
3.7 Ping Report...
3.8 Letter of Commissioning..
3.9 Project Closure Document...

34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

4. Results and Discussions

43

5. Conclusion and Future Scope...

44

6. References

45

LIST OF TABLES
List of Countries in which Airtel Operates
Media type Comparison

LIST OF FIGURES

Organization Structure
Airtel Presence
Airtel Logo
Copper Wire
UTP cable
STP cable
Coaxial cable
Optical fiber
Router Classification
Switch Classes
Ethernet Switch Port
Mux
RAD Modem
Actellis Modem
Schimid Modem
Radio Frequency Communication
Types of Towers
Metasolv Software
Order Assigned
The Process
Provisioning Check
Installation
Ping Snapshot
Ping Report
LOC
PCD

ABBREVIATIONS
ADC
ATM
BER
BPSK
BS
BWA
BTS
CP
CPE
DAC
DL
DSL
FDD
FDM
FEC
IEEE
LAN
LOS
MAC
NLOS
P2MP
P2P
QoS
SNR
SS
TDD
TDM
TDMA
UL
WAN

Analog to Digital Conversion

Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Bit Error Rate
Binary Phase Shift Keying
Base Station
Broadband Wireless Access
Base Transceiver Station
Cyclic Prefix
Customer Premises Equipment
Digital to Analog Conversion
Downlink
Digital Subscriber Line
Frequency Division Duplexing
Frequency Division Multiplexing
Forward Error Correction
Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers
Local Area Network
Line of Sight
Medium Access Control
Non Line of Sight
Point to Multipoint
Point to Point
Quality of Service
Signal to Noise Ratio
Subscriber Stations
Time Division Duplexing
Time Division Multiplexing
Time Division Multiple Access
Uplink
Wide Area Network

INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY PROFILE

1.1 BHARTI AIRTEL

Bharti Airtel was born free, a force unleashed into the market with a relentless and
unwavering determination to succeed. A spirit charged with energy, creativity and a team
driven to seize the day with an ambition to become the most admired telecom service
provider globally. Airtel, in just ten years of operations, rose to the pinnacle of achievement
and continues to lead.
Bharti Airtel Limited is a leading integrated telecommunications company with operations in
20 countries across Asia and Africa. Headquartered in New Delhi, India, the company ranks
amongst the top 5 mobile service providers globally in terms of subscribers. In India, the
company's product offerings include 2G, 3G and 4G services, fixed line, high speed
broadband through DSL, IPTV, DTH, enterprise services including national & international
long distance services to carriers. In the rest of the geographies, it offers 2G, 3G mobile
services. Bharti Airtel had over 246 million customers across its operations at the end of
February 2012.
Airtel is the third largest in-country mobile operator by subscriber base, behind China
Mobile and China Unicom. It is the largest provider of mobile telephony and second largest
provider of fixed telephony in India, and is also a provider of broadbandand subscription
television services. It offers its telecom services under the Airtel brand, and is headed by
Sunil Bharti Mittal. Bharti Airtel is the first Indian telecom service provider to achieve Cisco
Gold Certification. It also acts as a carrier for national and international long distance
communication services. The company has a submarine cable landing station at Chennai,
which connects the submarine cable connecting Chennai and Singapore.
It is known for being the first mobile phone company in the world to outsource all of its
business operations except marketing, sales and finance. Its networkbase stations,
microwave links, etc.is maintained by Ericsson, Nokia Siemens Networkand Huawei, and
business support is provided by IBM, and transmission towers are maintained by another
company (Bharti Infratel Ltd. in India). Ericsson agreed for the first time to be paid by the
minute for installation and maintenance of their equipment rather than being paid up front,
which allowed Airtel to provide low call rates of 1/minute (US$0.02/minute). During the last
financial year (200910), Bharti negotiated for its strategic partner Alcatel-Lucent to manage
the network infrastructure for the tele-media business.
Bharti has recently forayed into retail business as Bharti Retail Pvt. Ltd.Under aMoU with Wal-Mart for
the cash & carry business. It has successfully launched an international venture with EL Rothschild Group
to export fresh agricultural products exclusively to markets in Europe and USA and has launched Bharti AXA
Life Insurance Company Ltd under a joint venture with AXA, world leader in financial protection and
wealth management.
1.2 HISTORY
Sunil Bharti Mittal founded the Bharti Group. In 1983, Mittal was in an agreement with
Germany's Siemens to manufacture push-button telephone models for the Indian market. In
1986, Mittal incorporated Bharti Telecom Limited (BTL), and his company became the first
in India to offer push-button telephones, establishing the basis of Bharti Enterprises. By the
early 1990s, Sunil Mittal had also launched the country's first fax machines and its first
cordless telephones. In 1992, Mittal won a bid to build a cellular phone network in Delhi. In
1995, Mittal incorporated the cellular operations as Bharti Tele-Ventures and launched
service in Delhi. In 1996, cellular service was extended to Himachal Pradesh. In 1999, Bharti
Enterprises acquired control of JT Holdings, and extended cellular operations to Karnataka
1

and Andhra Pradesh. In 2000, Bharti acquired control of Skycell Communications, in

Chennai. In 2001, the company acquired control of Spice Cell in Calcutta. Bharti Enterprises
went public in 2002, and the company was listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and National
Stock Exchange of India. In 2003, the cellular phone operations were rebranded under the
single Airtel brand. In 2004, Bharti acquired control of Hexacom and entered Rajasthan. In
2005, Bharti extended its network to Andaman and Nicobar. This expansion allowed it to
offer voice services all across India. In 2009, Airtel launched its first international mobile
network in Sri Lanka. In 2010, Airtel acquired the African operations of the Kuwait
based Zain Telecom.In March 2012, Airtel launched a mobile operation in Rwanda.
Today, Airtel is the largest cellular service provider in India and the third largest in the world.
1.3 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE:
The organisational structure that existed until recently concentrated on the hierarchy of the
operations inside the company as a whole. The structure depicts the corresponding
operation/region of different in-charges and it didn't hold anyone responsible for each of its
services. So, the company found it better to restructure its organizational chart. The
transformed organisational structure will have two distinct Customer Business Units (CBU)
with clear focus on B2C (Business to Customer) and B2B (Business to Business) segments.
Bharti Airtel's B2C business unit will comprehensively service the retail consumers, homes
and small offices, by combining the erstwhile business unitsMobile, Telemedia, Digital TV,
and other emerging businesses (like M-commerce, M-health, M-advertising etc.). The B2C
organization will consist of Consumer Business and Market Operations. It is the largest
telecommunication company in India.

Fig 1: organization structure

1.4 AIRTEL PRESENCE:

Airtel is the third largest mobile operator in the world in terms of subscriber base and has a
commercial presence in 20 countries and the Channel Islands.
Its area of operations include:

Fig 2: airtel presence

The Indian Subcontinent:

Airtel Bangla, in Bangladesh

Airtel, in India

Airtel Sri Lanka, in Sri Lanka

Airtel Africa, which operates in 17 African countries:

Burkina Faso, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo,
Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra
Leone, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.

Airtel operates in the following countries:

Country

Site

Remarks

Bangladesh

Airtel
Bangladesh

Airtel Bangladesh had about

5.1 million customers at the end of
June 2011.

Burkina Faso

Airtel Burkina
Faso

Airtel Burkina Faso is the dominant

player with 1,433,000 customers
representing 50% market share.

Chad

Airtel Chad

Airtel Chad is the #1 operator with

69% market share

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Airtel DRC

Airtel is the market leader with almost

5 million customers at the end of
2010.

Gabon

Airtel Gabon

Airtel Gabon has 829,000 customers

and its market share stood at 61%.

Ghana

Airtel Ghana

Airtel Ghana had about 1.76 million

customers at the end of 2010.

India

Airtel

Airtel is the market leader with almost

152.5 million customers at the end of
2010.

Kenya

Airtel Kenya

Airtel Kenya is the second largest

operator and has 4 million customers.

Madagascar

Airtel
Madagascar

Airtel holds second place in the

mobile telecom market in
Madagascar, has a 39% market share
and over 1.4 million customers.

Malawi

Airtel Malawi

Airtel Malawi is the market leader with

a market share of 72%.

Airtel Niger is the market leader with a

68% market share.

Niger

Airtel Niger

Nigeria

Airtel Nigeria

Republic of the Congo

Airtel Congo B

Airtel Congo is the market leader with

a 55% market share.

Rwanda

Airtel Rwanda

Airtel launched services in Rwanda on

30 March 2012.

Seychelles

Airtel
Seychelles

Airtel is the leading comprehensive

telecommunications services
providers with over 55% market share
of mobile market in Seychelles.

Sierra Leone

Airtel Sierra
Leone

Sri Lanka

Airtel Sri Lanka commenced

operations on 12 January 2009. It had
Airtel Sri Lanka
about 1.8 million mobile customers at
the end of 2010.

Tanzania

Airtel Tanzania

Airtel Tanzania is the market leader

with a 38% market share.

Uganda

Airtel Uganda

Airtel Uganda stands as the #2

operator with a market share of 38%.

Zambia

Airtel Zambia

Channel Islands :

Jersey and

Airtel operates in the Channel Islands

under the brand name Airtel
Guernsey Airtel Vodafone
Vodafone through an agreement with
Vodafone.

Table 1: Airtel operates in these companies

1.5 SERVICES IN INDIA

MOBILE SERVICE
3G

On May 18, 2010, 3G spectrum auction was completed and Airtel will have to pay the Indian
government 122.95 billion (US$2.45 billion) for spectrum in 13 circles, the most amount
spent by an operator in this auction. Airtel won 3G licenses in 13 telecom circles of
India: Delhi, Mumbai, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh (east),
Rajasthan, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, Assam, North East, and Jammu &
Kashmir. Airtel also operates 3G services in Maharashtra, Goa, Kanpur and Kolkata through
an agreement with Vodafone and in Gujarat through an agreement with Idea. This gives Airtel
a 3G presence in 15 out of 22 circles in India.
On September 20, 2010, Bharti Airtel said that it has given contracts to Ericsson India, Nokia
Siemens Networks (NSN) and Huawei Technologies to set up infrastructure for providing 3G
services in the country. These vendors will plan, design, deploy and maintain 3GHSPA
(third generation, high speed packet access) networks in 13 telecom circles where the
company has won 3G licenses. While Bharti Airtel has awarded network contracts for seven
3G circles to Ericsson India, NSN would manage networks in three circles. Chinese telecom
equipment vendor Huawei Technologies has been introduced as the third partner for three
circle.
On January 24, 2011, Airtel launched 3G services in Bangalore, Karnatakaits largest circle
by revenue. With this launch, Airtel became the third private operator (fifth overall) to launch
its 3G services in the country following Reliance Communications and Tata DoCoMo. On
January 27, 2011, Airtel launched 3G in Chennai and Coimbatore.
On July 27, 2011 Airtel launched 3G in three major cities in Kerala (Trivandrum, Cochin and
Calicut).
Airtel plans to cover 1,500 cities across 13 circles by the end of March 2012. The company,
which has 3G licenses for 13 circles, is also in talks with other service providers to roll out
the services in the remaining 10 circles as part of its roaming offerings.
Airtel had about 3 million 3G subscribers as of May 2011.
4G
On 19 May 2010, the broadband wireless access (BWA) or 4G spectrum auction in India
ended.
Airtel
paid 33.1436
billion
for
spectrum
in
4
circles: Maharashtra, Karnataka, Punjab and Kolkata. The company was allocated 20 MHz of
BWA spectrum in 2.3 GHz frequency band.
Airtel's TD-LTE network
is
built
and
operated
by ZTE in Kolkata, Huawei in Karnataka, Ericsson in Punjab and Nokia Siemens Networks
in Maharashtra
On 10 April 2012, Airtel launched 4G services using TD-LTE technology in Kolkata,
becoming the first company in India to offer 4G services. Airtel launched 4G in Bangalore on
7 May 2012. It will launch services next in Pune and Chandigarh.
On 24 May 2012, Airtel announced an agreement to acquire a 49% stake in Qualcomm Asia
Pacific (India). Qualcomm holds 4G spectrum and licenses in Delhi, Haryana, Kerala and
7

Mumbai. As per the agreement, by the end of 2014, Airtel will assume full ownership and
financial responsibility for 4G operations in these 4 circles
TELEMEDIA SERVICES
The Telemedia business provides services in 89 Indian cities and consists of two brands.
Airtel Broadband provides broadband and IPTV services. Airtel provides both capped as well
as unlimited download plans (extremely reduced speeds at unlimited data are implied
(256kbps beyond FUP which is lesser than the TRAI specified limit of half of your original
speed.)). The maximum speed available for home users is 16Mbit/s.
Airtel has about 3.16 million wireline customers, of which 42.6% are broadband internet
subscribers as of August 2010. Until 18 September 2004, Bharti provided fixed line
telephony and broadband services under the Touchtel brand. Bharti now provides all telecom
services including fixed line services under a common brand "Airtel".

DIGITAL TELEVISION SERVICES

The Digital TV business provides Direct-to-Home (DTH) TV services across
India under the brand name Airtel digital TV. It started services on 9
October 2008 and has about 32.44 million customers as of August 2010.

1.6 AIRTEL VISION

By 2015 airtel will be the most loved brand, enriching the lives of millions.
Enriching lives means putting the customer at the heart of everything we do. We will meet
their needs based on our deep understanding of their ambitions, wherever they are. By having
this focus we will enrich our own lives and those of our other key stakeholders. Only then
will we be thought of as exciting, innovation, on their side and a truly world class company."

1.7 LOGO

Fig 3: Airtel logo

Our unique symbol is an interpretation of the a in airtel. The curved shape & the gentle
8

highlights on the red color make it warm & inviting, almost as if it were a living object. It
represents a dynamic force of unparalleled energy that brings us and our customers closer.
Our specially designed logo type is modern, vibrant & friendly. It signals our resolve to be
accessible, while the use of all lowercase is our recognition for the need for humanity.
Red is part of our heritage. It is the color of energy & passion that expresses the dynamism
that has made airtel the success it is today, in India, and now on the global stage.

1.8 OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT DONE

This project aimed at familiarising us with the technology used in wire line and
wireless communications also gave great knowledge on how wired and wireless
communication are implemented practically in the field, also about their components
and media applications.

TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY USED

2.1 TECHNOLOGY
2.1.1WIRELINE COMMUNICATION
INTRODUCTION
Wired communication is a broad term that is used to describe any type of communication
process that relies on the direct use of cables and wiring to transmit audio and visual data. A
distinction is made between long-distance (intercity) and local (intracity) wired
communications.
Wired communications make use of underground communications cables, electronic signal
amplifiers (repeaters) inserted into connecting cables at specified points, and terminal
apparatus of various types, depending on the type of wired communications used.
A classic example of wired communications is the traditional home telephone that is
connected to the local telephone switch via wires that are ran from the home to the switch.
While wireless communication solutions have become more common in recent years, the use
of wired services remains common and is not likely to disappear in the near future.
Local telephone networks often form the basis for wired communications that are used by
both residential and business customers in the area. Most of the networks today rely on the
use of fiber-optic communication technology as a means of providing clear signaling for both
inbound and outbound transmissions. Fiber optics are capable of accommodating far more
signals than the older copper wiring used in generations past, while still maintaining the
integrity of the signal over longer distances.
Internet access from desktop computer systems is also a common example of modern wired
communications. In fact, telephone service providers often utilize the same wiring to provide
both high speed Internet solutions and basic telephone services to residential and business
customers. Depending on the nature of the connection, this may require using wiring and
cables that have a higher capacity than standard wires.

In general, wired communications are considered to be the most stable of all types of
communications services. They are relatively impervious to adverse weather conditions when
compared to wireless solutions. With some forms of wired services, the strength and speed of
the transmission is superior to other solutions, such as satellite or microwave transmissions.
These characteristics have allowed wired communications to remain popular, even as
wireless solutions have continued to advance.

WIRED COMMUNICATION MEDIA

10

Wiredmedia include coppercables (e.g., twisted-pair copper wire cable - the "telephone
cable", coaxial cable, UTP cable - the "LAN cable", etc.) and opticalfibercables (made of
glass or plastic). Copper cables allow the propagation of electricsignals (i.e., electric voltage
or current pulses), whereas optical fiber cables allow the propagation of lightpulses.
COPPER CABLES
Twistedpair wire is the most widely used medium for telecommunication. Twisted-pair
cabling consist of copper wires that are twisted into pairs. Ordinary telephone wires consist of
two insulated copper wires twisted into pairs. Computer networking cabling
(wired Ethernet as defined by IEEE 802.3) consists of 4 pairs of copper cabling that can be
utilized for both voice and data transmission. The use of two wires twisted together helps to
reduce crosstalk and electromagnetic induction. The transmission speed ranges from 2
million bits per second to 10 billion bits per second. Twisted pair cabling comes in two forms:
unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted-pair (STP). Each form comes in several
category ratings, designed for use in various scenarios.
Fig 4.Copper wire

UTP CABLE

UTP cable is used in a variety of networks. Each of the eight individual copper wires in UTP
cable is covered By insulating material. In addition, the wires in each pair are twisted around
each other.UTP cable often is installed using a Registered Jack 45 (RJ-45) connector. The RJ45 is an eight-wire connector used commonly to connect computers onto a local-area network
(LAN), especially Ethernets.
The following summarizes the features of UTP cable:

Speed and throughput10 to 1000 Mbps

Average cost per nodeLeast expensive

11

Media and connector sizeSmall

Maximum cable length100 m (short)

Fig.5 UTP cable

STP CABLE
Shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable combines the techniques of shielding, cancellation, and
wire twisting. Each pair of wires is wrapped in a metallic foil. STP usually is installed with
STP data connector, which is created especially for the STP cable. However, STP cabling also
can use the same RJ connectors that UTP uses. Although STP prevents interference better
than UTP, it is more expensive and difficult to install. In addition, the metallic shielding must
be grounded at both ends. If it is improperly grounded, the shield acts like an antenna and
picks up unwanted signals. Because of its cost and difficulty with termination, STP is rarely
used in Ethernet networks
The following summarizes the features of STP cable:

Speed and throughput10 to 100 Mbps

Average cost per nodeModerately expensive

Media and connector sizeMedium to large

Maximum cable length100 m (short)

Fig.6 STP cable

COAXIAL CABLE
Coaxial cable supports 10 to 100 Mbps and is relatively inexpensive, although it is more
costly than UTP on a per-unit length. However, coaxial cable can be cheaper for a physical
bus topology because less cable will be needed. Coaxial cable can be cabled over longer
distances than twisted-pair cable. For example, Ethernet can run approximately 100 meters
12

(328 feet) using twisted-pair cabling. Using coaxial cable increases this distance to 500m
(1640.4 feet).
For LANs, coaxial cable offers several advantages. It can be run with fewer boosts from
repeaters for longer distances between network nodes than either STP or UTP cable.
Repeaters regenerate the signals in a network so that they can cover greater distances.
Coaxial cable is less expensive than fiber-optic cable, and the technology is well known; it
has been used for many years for all types of data communication.The most common
connectors used with Thinnet are BNC, short for British Naval Connector.

Fig.7 Coaxial cable

OPTICAL FIBER
An optical fiber is a glass fiber. It uses pulses of light to transmit data. Some advantages of
optical fibers over metal wires are less transmission loss, immunity from electromagnetic
radiation, and very fast transmission speed, up to trillions of bits per second. One can use
different colors of lights to increase the number of messages being sent over a fiber optic
cable.

Fig.8 Optical Fiber

13

Media Type Comparison

Media
Type

Maximum
Segment
Length

Speed

Cost

Advantages

UTP

100 m

10 Mbps to
1000 Mbps

Least
expensive

Easy to install;
Susceptible to
widely available and interference; can
widely used
cover only a limited
distance

STP

100 m

10 Mbps to
100 Mbps

More
expensive
than UTP

Reduced crosstalk;
more resistant to
EMI than Thinnet or
UTP

Difficult to work with;

can cover only a
limited distance

10 Mbps to
100 Mbps

Relatively
inexpensive,
but more
costly than
UTP

Less susceptible to
EMI interference
than other types of
copper media

Difficult to work with

(Thicknet); limited
bandwidth; limited
application (Thinnet);
damage to cable can
bring down entire
network

Coaxial 500 m
(Thicknet)
185 m
(Thinnet)

FiberOptic

10 km and
farther
(singlemode)

100 Mbps to Expensive

100 Gbps
(single
mode)

Disadvantages

Cannot be tapped,
Difficult to terminate
so security is better;
can be used over
great distances; is
not susceptible to
EMI; has a higher
data rate than
coaxial and twistedpair cable

2 km and
100 Mbps to
farther
9.92 Gbps
(multimode) (multimode)

Table 2.Media Type Comparison

14

COMPONENTS OF WIRELINE COMMUNICATION

Point Of Presence(POP)
At the outer edge of the enterprise network is the point of presence (POP), which provides an
entrypoint for services to the enterprise network. Externally provided services coming in
through the POPinclude Internet access, wide-area connections, and telephone services
(public switched telephone network [PSTN]).In an enterprise, the POP provides links to
outside services and sites. The POP can provide a directlink to one or more ISPs, which
allows internal users the required access to the Internet. The remotesites of an enterprise are
also interconnected through the POPs. The service provider establishes thewide-area links
between these remote sites.The location of the POP and the point of demarcation vary in
different countries. While they are oftenlocated within the MDF of the customer, they can
also be located at the SP.
ROUTER
One important device in the distribution layer of an enterprise network is a router. Without
the routingprocess, packets could not leave the local network.
The router provides access to other private networks as well as to the Internet. All hosts on a
local network specify the IP address of the local router interface in their IP configuration.
This router interfaceis the default gateway.Routers play a critical role in networking by
interconnecting multiple sites within an enterprise network, providing redundant paths, and
connecting ISPs on the Internet. Routers can also act as a translator between different media
types and protocols. For example, a router can re-encapsulate packetsfrom an Ethernet to a
serial encapsulation.Routers use the network portion of the destination IP address to route
packets to the proper destination.

Fig 9. Router classification

15

Fig 10. Router interface

SWITCH
Although all three layers of the hierarchical design model contain switches and routers, the
accesslayer generally has more switches. The main function of switches is to connect hosts
such as end-userworkstations, servers, IP phones, web cameras, access points, and routers.
This means that there aremany more switches in an organization than routers.
Switches come in many form factors:
Small standalone models sit on a desk or mount on a wall.
Integrated routers include a switch built into the chassis that is rack mounted.
High-end switches mount into a rack and are often a chassis-and-blade design to allow
moreblades to be added as the number of users increases.

Fig 11.Switch Classes

High-end enterprise and service provider switches support ports of varying speeds, from 100
MB to10 GB.An enterprise switch in an MDF connects other switches from IDFs using
16

Gigabit fiber or coppercable. An IDF switch typically needs both RJ-45 Fast Ethernet ports
for device connectivity and at least one Gigabit Ethernet port (copper or fiber) to uplink to the
MDF switch. Some high-end switches have modular ports that can be changed if needed.
Like routers, switch ports are also designated using the controller/port or controller/slot/port
convention. For example, using the controller/port convention, the first Fast Ethernet port on
a switch is numbered as Fa0/1 (controller 0 and port 1). The second is Fa0/2. The first port on
a switch that uses controller/slot/port is Fa0/0/1. Gigabit ports are designated as Gi0/1, Gi0/2,
and so on. Figure shows a Cisco Catalyst 4948 switch with 48 accessports capable of
operating at 10 Mbps (regular Ethernet), 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet), or 1000 Mbps(Gigabit
Ethernet). In addition, it has two built-in 10-Gbps UTP ports and two modular ports that
canaccept various fiber-optic Ethernet interfaces, including 10-Gbps multimode or singlemode.

Fig 12.Ethernet Switch Port

MUX
In telecommunications and computer networks, multiplexing (also known as muxing) is
a process where multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into
one signal over a shared medium. The aim is to share an expensive resource.
The multiplexed signal is transmitted over a communication channel, which may be a
physical transmission medium. The multiplexing divides the capacity of the low-level
communication channel into several higher-level logical channels, one for each message
signal or data stream to be transferred. A reverse process, known as demultiplexing, can
extract the original channels on the receiver side.
A device that performs the multiplexing is called a multiplexer (MUX), and a device that
performs the reverse process is called a demultiplexer(DEMUX).
Multiplexers, often called muxes, are extremely important to telecommunications. Their main
reason for being is to reduce network costs by minimizing the number of communications
17

links needed between two points. As with all other computing systems, multiplexers have
evolved. Each new generation has additional intelligence, and additional intelligence brings
more benefits.

Fig 13. Mux

MODEMS
A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to
encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the
transmitted information. The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and
decoded to reproduce the original digital data. Modems can be used over any means of
transmitting analog signals, from light emitting diodes to radio. The most familiar example is
a voice band modem that turns the digital data of a personal computer into
modulated electrical signals in the voice frequency range of a telephone channel. These
signals can be transmitted over telephone lines and demodulated by another modem at the
receiver side to recover the digital data.
Modems are generally classified by the amount of data they can send in a given unit of time,
usually expressed in bits per second (bit/s, or bps), or bytes per second (B/s). Modems can
alternatively be classified by their symbol rate, measured in baud.

MODEMS USED

RAD MODEMS

Fig 14.RAD Modem

18

Fig 15.Network Diagram

ACTELLIS MODEM

Fig 16.Actellis Modem

SCHIMID MODEMS

19

Fig 17.Schimid Modem

2.1.2WIRELESS

COMMUNICATION

Introduction
Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of
electrical conductors or wires. The term "Wireless" came into public use to refer to a radio
receiver or transceiver (a dual purpose receiver and transmitter device), establishing its usage
in the field of wireless telegraphy early on; now the term is used to describe modern wireless
connections such as in cellular networks and wireless broadband Internet. It is also used in a
general sense to refer to any type of operation that is implemented without the use of wires,
such as "wireless remote control", "wireless energy transfer", etc. regardless of the specific
technology (e.g., radio, infrared, ultrasonic, etc.) that is used to accomplish the operation.
The distances involved may be short (a few meters as in television remote control) or very
long (thousands or even millions of kilometers for radio communications). When the context
is clear the term is often simply shortened to wireless. Wireless communications is generally
considered to be a branch of telecommunications.
Wireless communications encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable two way
radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless networking. Other
examples of wireless technology include GPS units, garage door openers and or garage doors,
wireless computer mice, keyboards and headsets, satellite television and cordless telephones.
The term "wireless" should not be confused with the term "cordless", which is generally used
to refer to powered electrical or electronic devices that are able to operate from a portable
power source (e.g., a battery pack) without any cable or cord to limit the mobility of the
cordless device through a connection to the mains power supply. Some cordless devices, such
20

as cordless telephones, are also wireless in the sense that information is transferred from the
cordless telephone to the telephone's base unit via some type of wireless communications
link. This has caused some disparity in the usage of the term "cordless", for example in
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications.

Modes of Wireless Communication

Wireless communications can be via:
Radio frequency communication
Radio is the transmission of signals through free space by electromagnetic waves with
frequencies significantly below visible light, in the radio frequency range, from about 3 kHz
to 300 GHz. These waves are called radio waves. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means
of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space.
Information, such as sound, is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some
property of the radiated waves, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width.
When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating
current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back
into its original form.

Fig 18.Radio Frequency Communication.

How radio communication works. Information such as sound is transformed into an

electronic signal which is applied to a transmitter. The transmitter sends the information
through space on a radio wave (electromagnetic wave). A receiver intercepts some of the
21

radio wave and extracts the information-bearing electronic signal, which is converted back to
its original form by a transducer such as a speaker.
Microwave communication
Before the advent of fiber-optic transmission, most long-distancetelephone calls were carried
via networks of microwave radio relay links run by carriers such as AT&T Long Lines.
Starting in the early 1950s, frequency division multiplex was used to send up to 5,400
telephone channels on each microwave radio channel, with as many as ten radio channels
combined into one antenna for the hop to the next site, up to 70 km away.
Wireless LANprotocols, such as Bluetooth and the IEEE802.11 specifications, also use
microwaves in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, although 802.11a uses ISM band and U-NII
frequencies in the 5 GHz range. Licensed long-range (up to about 25 km) Wireless Internet
Access services have been used for almost a decade in many countries in the 3.54.0 GHz
range. The FCC recentlycarved out spectrum for carriers that wish to offer services in this
range in the U.S. with emphasis on 3.65 GHz. Dozens of service providers across the
country are securing or have already received licenses from the FCC to operate in this band.
The WIMAX service offerings that can be carried on the 3.65 GHz band will give business
customers another option for connectivity.
Microwave radio is used in broadcasting and telecommunication transmissions because, due
to their short wavelength, highly directional antennas are smaller and therefore more practical
than they would be at longer wavelengths (lower frequencies). There is also more bandwidth
in the microwave spectrum than in the rest of the radio spectrum; the usable bandwidth below
300 MHz is less than 300 MHz while many GHz can be used above 300 MHz. Typically,
microwaves are used in television news to transmit a signal from a remote location to a
television station from a specially equipped van. See broadcast auxiliary service (BAS),
remote pickup unit (RPU), and studio/transmitter link (STL).
Most satellite communications systems operate in the C, X, K a, or Ku bands of the microwave
spectrum. These frequencies allow large bandwidth while avoiding the crowded UHF
frequencies and staying below the atmospheric absorption of EHF frequencies. Satellite TV
either operates in the C band for the traditional large dish fixed satellite service or K u band for

22

direct-broadcast satellite. Military communications run primarily over X or K u-band links,

with Ka band being used for Milstar
Infrared (IR) short-range communication

IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer

peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards
published
by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices
use infrared light- emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiation which is focused by a
plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to encode
the data. The receiver uses a siliconphotodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric
current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters
out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are
useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so
does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way
for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5,
SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared. Free space optical communication using
infrared lasers can be a relatively inexpensive way to install a communications link in an
urban area operating at up to 4 gigabit/s, compared to the cost of burying fiber optic cable.
COMPONENTS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Antenna
The speed of your wireless connection will vary depending on the strength of the signal you
can receive and transmit. Antenna selection can therefore have a significant impact on the
speed of your wireless link. There are two basic types of antennas for WLAN products
categorized by the direction in which they beam radio signals:
Omni directional: Omni directional antennas are designed to radiate signals equally in all
360 degrees. Use this type of antenna if you need to transmit from a central node, such as an
access point, to users scattered all around the area. In a small office with three or four rooms,
an access point with an unidirectional antenna should be able to provide sufficient coverage
for all wireless stations in each room.
Directional: Directional or patch antennas provide gain and a more focused signal than
omnidirectional antennas. Signals are typically transmitted in an oval-shaped pattern with a
narrow beam width. This type of antenna is also ideal for indoor locations. For example, an
access point with a semi directional antenna can be placed in one corner of a room to provide
reliable coverage for its entire length. Directional antennas can also be used outdoors to
provide short distance point-to-point links or as the customer end of a point-to-multipoint
network.
23

If you are planning to extend the range or widen the coverage, you may need to use external
high-gain antennas for your access points. In addition to the antenna type and gain, you need
to pay attention to the following specifications:
Frequency Range: The most important parameter of an antenna is its working frequency. For
example a 2.4G antenna is too weak to use in IEEE 802.11a communication and the data rate
will fall back to a very low level. It is unusual to see dual-band or multiple-band antennas,
especially for outdoor Antennas. Make sure you use the right antenna for your planned
working frequency.
Antenna Polarity: Polarization refers to the direction electromagnetic waves travel as energy
radiates away from the antenna. The simplest and most common example is linear
polarization. When power is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver, only the same
polarization portion can be received. As the following figures show, improper antenna
installation may have a negative effect on network communication.
TOWERS

A cell phone tower consists of multiple parts, most of which are owned by different
companies. Typically a cell phone tower is built either by a tower company or a wireless
carrier looking to expand their network coverage.
Many inquiries that we receive actually confuse a tower with the antenna that are placed on a
rooftop. "We have two towers on our roof". What they mean to say is that we have two sets of
antenna on our roof.
There are four different types of towers.

Lattice Tower- also referred to as a self-support tower or SST, the lattice tower
affords the greatest flexibility and is often used in heavy loading conditions. A lattice
tower is typically three sided and has a triangular base, however there are some four

sided lattice towers.

Monopole Tower- A monopole tower is a single tube tower. It requires one
foundation and typically don't exceed 200'. The antennas are mounted on the exterior

of the tower.
Guyed Tower- Guyed towers used to be the cheapest tower to construct, but require
the greatest amount of land. For taller heights (300' and greater) it is much cheaper to
build a guyed tower. Most radio and television towers are guyed towers. A guyed
tower is a straight tower supported by guy wires to the ground which anchor the
tower.
24

Stealth Tower- Stealth towers are typically required by zoning. They are always more
expensive than the other types of towers. More often than not they require additional
material to "Stealth" their appearance and typically don't provide the same amount of
capacity for tenants. Below is one of the more interesting stealth towers we have seen
located at a church in California.

Fig.19 Types of Towers

The Equipment- Each of the tenants who mount their antenna on the cell phone tower uses
transmitters installed in cabinets or in shelters. Different wireless carriers use different means
of protecting their equipment. Many place outdoor cabinets on concrete pads, while others
use premanufactured equipment shelters. This equipment is also called the "Base Transmitter
Station" or "BTS". The Antennas - Each carrier will typically use multiple antennas on the
tower. Sometimes there are as few as three antennas, sometimes as many as eighteen antennas
per carrier. As additional subscribers come onto the carriers system the carriers need
additional antennas to handle the added capacity.
Base Stations
The base station is a common infrastructure component that interfaces the wireless
communications signals traveling through the air medium to a wired networkoften referred
to as a distribution system. Therefore, a base station enables users to access a wide range of
network services, such as web browsing, e-mail access, and database applications. A base
station often contains a wireless NIC that implements the same technology in operation by
the user's wireless NIC.
Base stations go by different names, depending on their purpose. An accesspoint, for
instance, represents a generic base station for a wireless LAN. A collection of access points
within a wireless LAN, for example, supports roaming throughout a facility. The NIC within
a user's computer device connects with the nearest access point, which provides an interface
with systems within the infrastructure and users associated with other access points. As the
user moves to a part of the facility that's closer to another access point, the NIC automatically
reconnects with the closest access point to maintain reliable communications.
Residential gateways and routers are more advanced forms of base stations that enable
additional network functions. The gateway might have functions, such as access control and
25

application connectivity, that better serve distributed, public networks. On the other hand,
a router would enable operation of multiple computers on a single broadband connection.

2.2 TOOLS
Oracle Communications MetaSolv Solution maintains information about the equipment
supporting your network, and the equipments relationship to locations, connections, and
carrier systems. Because equipment changes as network technologies change, the solution
provides flexible and configurable equipment modeling capabilities. Using a specification
that reflects your unique implementation, you can install in-service or spare equipment;
associate equipment with network components; and track equipment for capacity planning,
troubleshooting, or other purposes. You can also easily integrate equipment capabilities with
other asset tracking capabilitiessuch as bar coding or other auditing mechanismsto get
timely, accurate data about all the equipment in your networkwhether on- or off-net.

INSTALLATION PROCESS
Pre-Feasibility Pre feasibility is the first step for taking up an order. In this step
general assessment is done on the basis of availability of network to that area
i.eBackhaul Capacity available at BTS Site. LOS to be checked in case of Hirise
Buildings CapexVs Revenue calculations are made that the connection is viable and
profitable for the company. On the basis of this Study Quotation is given to the End
Customer and with negotiations, Sales Account Manager convinces the Customer and
order is picked up from the costumer and is passed on to Sales Coordinator for
logging the same into the ECRM for Order publishment for internal stake holders.
Order Management Sales accountant manager pass on the order to order
management team that further manages the order .The Order is verified and Approved
by COPC team validating the Contract, Pricing, Approvals, post which once order is
Approved it is published in metasolv(M6) software. All the details are updated on
metasolv software and order number is generated randomly. The order number will be
the reference number for that order for Internal as well as for Customer Tracking.M6
Snapsot

26

 Post Feasibility/site survey- After the order number is generated a post feasibility
check takes place for Cabling work, Site Condition, Site readiness, any specific work
in Contract.
1

Flow/Task

According to the service required by the customer the task are allocated to each team the
main services that are required by the customer are:

Leased line (local loop)

MPLS(Multiprotocol Label Switching), vpn
Internet
ISP
NLD

After performing the specific task the details are updated on metasolv M6 which are called
flow
2

Customer Premises Equipment details

According to the services and bandwidth required the equipments are selected.

Router
Power over Ethernet
Crossover cable: A crossover cable connects two devices of the same type, for
example DTE-DTE or DCE-DCE, usually connected asymmetrically (DTE-DCE), by
a modified cable called a crosslink. Such distinction of devices was introduced by
IBM.
27

The crossing wires in a cable or in a connector adaptor allows:

Connecting two devices directly, output of one to input of the other,

letting two terminal (DTE) devices communicate without an interconnecting hub

knot.

linking two or more hubs, switches or routers (DCE) together, possibly to work as
one wider device.

Switch
Modem

3 Coordinate for Pole Installation, Provisioning and Cabling

SED team coordinates with different teams for installation of pole at the customers place and
provision it like the angle or place at which the pole should be placed so that clear connection
can be placed and provide cabling from pole to the place where customer will use the service.

Costing Calculations

Here's how differences in technology affect the total cost of a system.

Deployment costs: There is a big difference in installation costs between coaxial

cabling in a passive system and the standard fiber and Cat-5 cabling in an active system.

Signal strength: The electronics in active systems, which don't use coaxial cabling,
ensure that each antenna distributes the same signal strength, no matter where it's located.
In contrast, the coaxial cabling in a passive system is lossy the farther the cable runs,
the weaker the signal. To support long runs, passive-system users must install signal
repeaters along the way at additional cost.

Cost per square foot: The previous two factors create sharply different cost
equations for the two types of wireless systems. In almost any other type of building
improvement (LAN, carpeting, lighting, and so on), the total cost per square foot should
drop as the building size increases, and this is the case with an active in-building system.
With a passive system, however, the per-foot cost actually increases with building size.

Local labor rates: The cost of labor will naturally be a key factor in the overall
deployment. Labor costs are much lower in the third world, so the difference between the
28

costs of installing passive and active systems will be less. But in industrialized nations,
labor costs will almost certainly ensure that active systems will be less expensive overall.
Installation time: The difficulty of installing coaxial cabling is another issue that

affects costs because it increases deployment time. Installing any such system can be
disruptive to the ongoing operations of the business or venue, so customers always prefer
shorter deployment periods when they have a choice. This is less of an issue in new
construction, but it can be a major factor in buildings such as hospitals, manufacturing
facilities, transportation hubs, and resorts, where daytime access is difficult. In some
situations, the installers may need special escorts for security and safety reasons, and this
adds even more to the cost of deployment.
Code requirements: Local building and fire codes can also affect the cost of

deployment. Codes requiring placement of cabling in conduit or mandating asbestos

abatement can greatly affect the overall cost of a project, and must be identified up front.
Change orders: It's not uncommon for users to discover the need for additional

antennae during or after the initial installation or to want to upgrade the system to handle
new frequencies or services over time. Buyers should carefully consider the cost of such
changes. Passive systems must often be significantly re-engineered to handle new antenna
placements, leading to some truly hair-raising change order costs. Active systems, on the
other hand, can usually handle new antennae or service changes without re-engineering.
In most cases, expanding an active system simply involves adding antenna.
5 Coping up Challenges
Critical Challenges

Since wireless devices need to be small and wireless networks is bandwidth limited, some of
the key challenges in wireless networks are:

data rate enhancements

minimizing size and cost

low power networking

Enhancing Data Rate

Security Issues
Low Power Design.

29

6) Testing
After the setup of all the equipments a check is required to be performed whether the setup is
done correctly or not. For this testing is performed.
Testing procedure involves simple ping testing is a computer network administration utility
used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the
round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer. The
name comes from active sonar terminology which sends a pulse of sound and listens for the
echo.
Ping operates by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request packets to
the target host and waiting for an ICMP response. In the process it measures the time from
transmission to reception (round-trip time) and records any packet loss. The results of the test
are printed in the form of a statistical summary of the response packets received, including
the minimum, maximum, and the mean round-trip times, and sometimes the standard
deviation of the mean. Depending on the implementation, the ping command can be run with
various command line switches to enable special operational modes. Example options
include: specifying the packet size used as the probe, automatic repeated operation for
sending a specified count of probes, and time stamping.
In airtel they use software called putty for this kind of testing which also requires username
and password to login. If the testing is successful a written acknowledgement with a special
sign(!) is received.

30

If the test is unsuccessful a written unsuccessful report with a (.) is received

Different types of network, local loop or mpls require a different testing procedure for local
loop or point to point, pinging two ips is enough that is of the two nodes, mpls or point to
multi point,Ip address of every node is pinged with the ipof every other node.

31

7) Project Closure Document

It is a document prepared at the end of every project which includes all the information about
the customer, project engineer, project manager, contact details, equipments details, test
report etc. in short it every information regarding the project. It basically contains five parts:

Customer pcd
Internal pcd
ping report
letter of commission

CustomerPCD: It contains the most basic information about the project like order no.
customer no service type etc. it also contains details about different managers like project
manager, state account manager etc. Italso contains ip details and user id and password.

Internal PCD: It contains all the internal details like last mile details, hardware details,
site condition, circuit or cabling details etc.

Ping Report: This is basically a test report which tells us whether the apparatus installed is
working properly or not.

32

Ping Report

Letter of Commissioning- This letter is issued by project manager after all the work has
been completed and all the clearances are taken from the different.

33

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.

14.
15.
Schedule of activities done with appropriate Snapshots

40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.

64.3.1 Open the software

65.
66.
67.

68.

69.
70. Fig 20: MetaSolv Software

71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
34

90.
90.1 Order Assigned
91.
92.

93.
94.

95.
96. Fig 21: Order Assigned
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
35

102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.

109.

3.3 The Process

110.
111.
112.
113.

114.
116.

115.
Fig 22: The Process

117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
36

129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.

3.3 Provisioning Check

135.
136.
137.
138.
139.

140.

141.

Fig 23: Provisioning Check

142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
37

150.
151.
152.
153.
154.

3.4 Installation Process

155.

156.

BTS Radio Installation

157.
158.

38

159.

CP IDU Installation
160.
161.

Fig 24: Installation Process

39

162.

3.5 E2E Ping Snapshot

163.
164.

165.
166.
167.
168.

169.
170.
171.

Fig 25: Ping Snapshot

172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
40

179.
180.

3.6 Ping Report

181.
182.

183.
184.
185.
186.

Fig 26: Ping Report

187.

188.
189.
190.
191.
192.

41

193.

3.6 Letter of Commissioning

194.
195.
196.

197.
198.

Fig 27: Letter of Commissioning

199.

42

200.

3.7 Project Closure Document

201.
202.
203.

204.
205.

Fig 28: Project Closure Document

206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
43

215.
216.
217.

44

218.
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
219.
220.
At Bharti Airtel we were in CSD Department i.e Customer Services Delivery,
we delivered services to the customer like MPLS and INTERNET. In six months of
Training we were taught many things like the products of Airtel, segments, Airtel
Services, types of Networks(ANG, TNG, CEN).Laptops were issued to us. We have
the access of using the software which was METASOLV. Our id was also created to
use the software. IN CSD department services were delivered through two methods:
Wireline
Wireless
221.
222.
In Wireline Communication, data was transmitted over a wire based
communication technology. Examples include telephone networks and fiber-optic
communication. There are two modes of wireline Communication:
Copper
Fiber
223.
In Wireless Communication, data or information was transmitted between two
or more points that were not connected by an electrical conductor. Example: Radio.
P2P(Point to Point)
P2MP(Point to Multi Point)
224.
The software used was Meta Solv. It provides operations support
systems(OSS) to the communications industry. All the provisioning status was
checked in this software only. In case of MPLS service the provisioning of MPLS
was checked in the service request notes. If there was any issue in the order like last
mile down, circuit id missing, BH RA required then we have to coordinate with the
Project Manager of the corresponding state to resolve the issue. After the issue was
resolved the order was further moved for installation. The tasks were moved to
different bins like RAR-MPLS,ISP etc. We can check at which stage the order is
through this software.
225.
After the installation ping test was done for troubleshooting to know
connectivity as well as response time. After that in LEPM(Enterprise Project
Management), we close the order and handover to PM i.e Project Manager. After all
the process is done LOC is made(Letter Of commissioning) by the customer which
ensures that the link has been delivered to him successfully and there is further not
any issue. At last PCD(Project Closure Document) was also made.
226.

227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
43

236.

44

5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

6
7

Airtel is a home brand and a very successful brand in India. It possesses

congestion free and wide network, unique value added and customer
services to cover one of the widest areas. In six months of training we
have learnt how to work in a team, how to learn from others and how to
respect people.
8
The environment is totally different in a corporate world and organizations
are doing their best to service in the market. Airtel is fulfilling the needs of
many people. The company should promote their product as attractively
as possible. Every work is done in systematic manner and to shift the load
every department is again sub-divided so that the organization runs
smoothly. Connectivity is the backbone of the company and it is the
reason why the consumers are using it.
9
10
The Company is used mainly by executives who want wide coverage for their operations but
11 the problem of customer satisfaction still persists with the company and cause of its lacking
new customers.

12
This training was helpful to me in various direct and indirect ways, like understanding of
machines as well as procedure followed in installation process of various services.
13
This internship, gave great knowledge on how wired and wireless communications are
implemented, their components and media, applications.

14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
44

33
34

45

35

REFERENCES
36

www.Airtelworld.com
www.google.com
www.info-matic.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharti_Airtel
http://www.slideshare.net/muskan19/airtel-brand-analysis
http://www.airtel.in/
http://www.slideshare.net/bharti-airtel
37

38
39
40

45