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Router Basic Configuration

This document provides an overview of router configuration and where it is stored. It discusses: - Router configuration controls the operation of interfaces, routing, boot/startup, and security settings. - The running configuration resides in RAM and determines the current operation, while the startup configuration resides in NVRAM and determines operation after a reload. - The "copy" command is used to move configurations between RAM, NVRAM, and external storage like TFTP.

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Md Kamruzzaman
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
327 views

Router Basic Configuration

This document provides an overview of router configuration and where it is stored. It discusses: - Router configuration controls the operation of interfaces, routing, boot/startup, and security settings. - The running configuration resides in RAM and determines the current operation, while the startup configuration resides in NVRAM and determines operation after a reload. - The "copy" command is used to move configurations between RAM, NVRAM, and external storage like TFTP.

Uploaded by

Md Kamruzzaman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Router Configuration

Basics

Overview
Router configuration controls the operation
of the routers:

Interface IP address and netmask


Routing information (static, dynamic or
default)
Boot and startup information
Security (passwords and authentication)

Where is the Configuration?


Router always has two configurations:

Running configuration

Startup confguration

Where is the Configuration?


Running configuration:

In RAM, determines how the router is


currently operating
Is modified using the configure command
To see it: show running-config

Startup confguration:

In NVRAM, determines how the router will


operate after next reload
Is modified using the copy command
To see it: show startup-config

Where is Startup Configuration?


Can also be stored in more permanent places:

External hosts, using TFTP (Trivial File Transfer


Protocol)

In flash memory in the router

Copy command is used to move it around:

copy run start

copy run tftp

copy start tftp

copy tftp start

copy flash start

copy start flash

Router Access Modes

User EXEC mode: Limited, show only

Router>

Privileged EXEC mode: Detailed--configuration of router, debugging, testing,


file manipulationetc.

Router#

Setup Mode available when router has no


startup-config file

ROM Monitor useful for password recovery


& new IOS upload session

Network Configuration Modes


User EXEC
Mode

Privileged
Mode

Global
Configuration
Mode

Specific
Configuration
Mode

Router>

Router#
Router(config)#
Router(config-xx)

Router Prompts How to tell where


you are on the router

You can tell in which area of the routers configuration


you are by looking at the router prompts:

Router> USER prompt mode

Router# PRIVILEGED EXEC prompt mode

Router(config) terminal configuration prompt

Router(config-if) interface configuration prompt

Router(config-subif) sub-interface configuration


prompt

Logging into the Router

Connect router to console port or telnet to


router.

router>
router>enable
password
router#
router#?

Configuring the router: To configure router


parameters need to load into RAM.

router# configure terminal


router(config)#

Logging into the Router

Configuring the router: To configure router


parameters need to load into RAM.

router# configure terminal


router(config)#

Check & Adjust Clock


RouterA#
RouterA#
RouterA#
RouterA#
RouterA#
RouterA#
RouterA#
RouterA#

show clock
clock ?
clock set?
clock set 13:03:10?
clock set 13:03:10 9?
clock set 13:03:10 9 Feb?
clock set 13:03:10 9 Feb 2016
show clock

Name Your Router


RouterA> ----- User Mode
RouterA>enable
RouterA# ----- Privileged Mode
To configure router parameters, need
to enter into RAM--

RouterA# Configure Terminal


RouterA(config)#

Personalized your Router Identity --

RouterA(config)# Hostname (Name)

Setting Banner

RouterA> ----- User Mode


RouterA>enable
RouterA# ----- Privileged Mode

Load configuration Parameters into


RAM--

RouterA# Configure Terminal


RouterA(config)#
RouterA(config)# banner motd # Message #

Setting Password
Number one priority to make sure you
have set this password on your router.
To set Global password do the following:

Enter into Global configuration Mode--

RouterA# Configure Terminal


RouterA(config)#
RouterA(config)# enable password

OR
RouterA(config)# enable secret

(your password)

(your password)

Setting Password
To set user mode password for the
console line, perform the following:

RouterA# Configure Terminal


RouterA(config)#
RouterA(config)# line console 0
RouterA(config-line)# Login
RouterA(config-line)# Password
password)

( your

Setting Password
To set this password for users accessing
the router remotely via telnet, perform
the following:

RouterA# Configure Terminal


RouterA(config)#
RouterA(config)# line vty 0 4
RouterA(config-line)# Login
RouterA(config-line)# Password

( your

password)

*line vty [first line number] [last line number] command. By default, Cisco IOS enables 5 virtual
terminal lines lines 0 through 4.

Review
Set Clock
Set Banner
Set Password

Configure Interfaces

Interface Configuration
Types of interfaces ---

GigabitEthernet interface

FastEthernet interface

Ethernet interfaces

Serial interfaces

Interface Configuration

Interfaces are named by type


slot/port; e.g.:

ethernet0, ethernet1,... Ethernet5/1


Serial0/0, serial1 ... Serial3

Can be abbreviated:

ethernet0 or eth0 or e0
Serial0/0 or ser0/0 or s0/0
FastEthernet0/0 or fe0/0
GigabitEthernet0/1 or ge0/1

Interface Configuration

By default interfaces are down.

Need to enable after configuration.

To disable any interface.

router(config-if)#no shutdown

router(config-if)#shutdown

Description

router(config-if)#description ethernet
link to admin building router

Interface Configuration

Configuring Ethernet interface:

RouterA# config terminal


RouterA(config)#interface ethernet 0/0
RouterA(config-if)# Description xxxxx
RouterA(config-if)# ip address n.n.n.n
m.m.m.m
RouterA(config-if)#no shutdown
RouterA(config-if)#exit
RouterA#

Interface Configuration

Configuring FastEthernet interface:

RouterA# config terminal


RouterA(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
RouterA(config-if)# Description xxxxx
RouterA(config-if)# ip address n.n.n.n
m.m.m.m
RouterA(config-if)#no shutdown
RouterA(config-if)#exit
RouterA#

Interface Configuration

Configuring GigabitEthernet interface:

RouterA# config terminal


RouterA(config)#interface ge 0/0
RouterA(config-if)# Description xxxxx
RouterA(config-if)# ip address n.n.n.n
m.m.m.m
RouterA(config-if)#no shutdown
RouterA(config-if)#exit
RouterA#

Interface Configuration

Configuring Serial interface:

RouterA# config terminal


RouterA(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
RouterA(config-if)# Description xxxxx
RouterA(config-if)# ip address n.n.n.n
m.m.m.m
RouterA(config-if)#no shutdown
RouterA(config-if)#exit
RouterA#

Saving Configuration Parameters


All the changes are performed on
running configuration file ie. RAM.
Need to store those changes at
NVRAM/Flash for using in next reload.
RouterA#copy running-config startup-config
OR
RouterA# copy run start

Review
Set Clock
Set Banner
Set Password
Interface Configuration
Save Configuration

Backup Configuration

5 Frequent IOS Commands(1)


To know what interfaces are on your
router, important statistics about those
interfaces, and whether they are up or
down.

RouterA# show interfaces

5 Frequent IOS Commands(2)


Whatever configuration changes, need
to save those changes. This command
copies the configuration in RAM that you
have been modifying to the
configuration in flash
RouterA# copy running-config
startup-config
OR
RouterA# copy run start
OR
RouterA# wr (Write Memory)

5 Frequent IOS Commands(3)


Once you know that your interfaces are
up and you have saved your
configuration, you need to know --- are
your routing protocols working?

RouterA# show ip route

5 Frequent IOS Commands(4)


To get the the best summary of the
status and IP addresses of your
interfaces, use following --

RouterA# show ip interface brief

5 Frequent IOS Commands(5)


To see the entire routers configuration
ie. to see the IP addresses, interfaces,
passwords (that are in clear text),
routing protocols, and other settings..

RouterA# show running config

IOS Commands - show


There is one privileged mode command
that you will find yourself using
extensively for:

Viewing routers configuration


Verifying interfaces configuration
Viewing interfaces status
RouterA#
RouterA#
RouterA#
RouterA#
RouterA#

show
show
show
show
show

running configuration
clock
interfaces
ip interfaces brief
interfaces description

Configuring your Router

Set the enable (secret) password:

router(config)# enable secret your pswd

This MD5 encrypts the password

The old method was to use the enable password


command. But this is not secure (weak encryption) and
is ABSOLUTELY NOT RECOMMENDED. DO NOT USE!

Ensure that all passwords stored on router are


(weakly) encrypted rather than clear text:

router(config)# service password-encryption

The NO Command

Used to reverse or disable commands e.g


ip domain-lookup
no ip domain-lookup
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no ip address

Getting Help

Getting Online Help

IOS has a built-in help facility;

? after the prompt lists all possible


commands:

use ? to get a list of possible configuration


statements

router#?

<partial command> ? lists all possible


subcommands, e.g.:

router#show ?
router#show ip ?

Getting Online Help

<partial command>? shows all possible command


completions
router#con?
configure

connect

Getting Online Help

This also works in configuration mode:


router(config)#ip a?
accounting-list accounting-threshold
accounting-transits address-pool
alias as-path
router(config)#int e0/0
router(config-if)#ip a?
access-group accounting

address

Getting Online Help

Can explore a command to figure out the syntax:


router(config-if)#ip addr ?
A.B.C.D IP address
router(config-if)#ip addr n.n.n.n ?
A.B.C.D IP subnet mask
router(config-if)#ip addr n.n.n.n m.m.m.m ?
secondary Make this IP address a secondary address
<cr>
router(config-if)#ip addr n.n.n.n m.m.m.m
router(config-if)#

Getting Lazy Online Help

TAB character will complete a partial word


hostel-rtr(config)#int<TAB>
hostel-rtr(config)#interface et<TAB>
hostel-rtr(config)#interface ethernet 0
hostel-rtr(config-if)#ip add<TAB>
hostel-rtr(config-if)#ip address n.n.n.n m.m.m.m

Not really necessary; partial commands can be


used:
router#conf t
router(config)#int e0/0
router(config-if)#ip addr n.n.n.n

Getting Lazy Online Help

Command history

IOS maintains short list of previously typed commands

up-arrow or ^p recalls previous command

down-arrow or ^n recalls next command

Line editing

left-arrow, right-arrow moves cursor inside command

^d or backspace will delete character in front of cursor

Ctrl-a takes you to start of line

Ctrl-e takes you to end of line

Backing Up Router Configuration

Running configuration can be backed


up into TFTP server or some other
locations.

RouterA# copy run tftp --- to copy the running


configuration into FTFT server.

Address or name of remote host []?


172.16.10.2 the ip address of TFTP
server
Destination filename [routername-confg]?
/Backup/Router01.cfg the folder path on the
server where the configuration file will be stored)

Restore Router Configuration

RouterA# show run --- to see the running


configuration
RouterA# copy tftp run --- to copy the
configuration file from TFTP server to the running
configuration of the router/RAM
Address or name of remote host []?172.16.10.2
TFTP server address
Source filename[]? /Backup/Router01.cfg
the configuration file to be copied to the router
[router name]#show run
[router name]#show interfaces
[router name]#copy run start

View Configuration

Use show running-configuration to see


the current configuration

Use show startup-configuration to see


the configuration in NVRAM, that will
be loaded the next time the router is
rebooted or reloaded

What Next?????

Deleting your Routers Configuration

To delete your routers configuration


Router#erase startup-config
OR

Router#write erase
Router#reload

Router will start up again, but in setup


mode, since startup-config file does not
exists

Cisco Router
Configuration Basics
Questions?

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