Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentence Type 0

Conditional type zero is used to talk about general truths, scientific
facts or things which always happen under certain conditions.

Form:
If + Simple Present, + Simple Present

Use:
The zero conditional is used to talk about things which are always true, scientific facts, general truths:
Examples:
If you cross an international date line, the time changes.
Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air.
If I wake up early, I go jogging.
NOTE: you can use "when" instead of "if".

Conditional Sentence Type 1

Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real or possible situations. These situations
take place if a certain condition is met. It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be
fulfilled.

Form:
If + Simple Present, + Simple Future

Use
Conditional Sentences Type 1 refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain
condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be
fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic so we think it is likely to happen.
Example:

If I have enough time, I'll watch the football match.

I may have time to watch the match but I'm not sure about it.

Conditional Sentence Type 2

Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal impossible or improbable situations.
This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation. It is very unlikely that the condition
will be fulfilled.

Form:
if + Simple Past, + would + base verb

Were / Was
In conditional type 2, we usually use in the if clause "were" instead of "was" even if the pronoun
isI, he, she or it. "were" here is a subjunctive form.
NOTE "was" is also a possible form.
Example:
If I were a millionaire, I would buy a castle.

Use
Conditional Sentences Type 2 refer to an action in the present that could happen if the present
situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change because it is very unlikely.
Example:
If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.

Conditional Sentence Type 3

It is impossible that the condition will be met because it refers to the past.

Form:
if + Past Perfect, + would + have + Past Participle

Use

Conditional Sentences Type 3 refer to situations in the past. They express hypothetical results to past
given situations.
Example:
If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had that terrible accident.
Sometimes in the past, he was careless. He drove so fast. So he had a terrible accident

Things to remember
1. The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Examples:
"Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air."
" I will send her an invitation if I find her address."
" I would travel around the world if I had a million dollars."
"He wouldn't have had that terrible accident if he had been careful."
2. Main clause and/or if clause might be negative.
Example:
If I dont see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.
If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had an accident.
1. If I study hard, I will pass

this year's exam.

2. If the weather is fine, we will go

3. If I go

on a picnic.

to Paris, I will visit the Eiffel Tower.

4. If they don't invite me, I will not go

5. If he gets

my email, he will send the information we need.

6. If she travels to London, she will visit

7. If I get

the money, I will buy a mobile phone.

8. If you make trouble, I will send

9. If I have

the museums.

you to the principal.

enough time this evening, I will watch a movie.

10. If he has money, he will lend

me what I need.

hoose the correct answer

Jack is daydreaming about winning the next lottery jackpot. Here is what he is saying:
1. If I won

the lottery, I would be

2. If I were

rich , I would quit

3. I would travel

a millionaire.
my job.

around the world if I quit

my job.

4. I would buy

anything I want if I got

5. I would buy

the most expensive car if wanted

6. If I traveled

somewhere, I would stay

7. But I would not be

that jackpot.

in the most luxurious hotels.

too materialistic if I had

8. I would help

the poor if I became

9. I would give

some money to charities, if were

10. If I had

millions of dollars.

a millionaire.

millions of dollars, I would not be

rich.
mean.

Choose the correct answer

1. If you had worked hard, you would have passed

the exam.

2. If they had taken him to hospital earlier, he wouldn't have died

3. I would have sent

you the document, if you had given me your email address.

4. He wouldn't have missed

5. If I had known

the bus, if he had woken up earlier.

you were coming I would have prepared a delicious meal.

6. If you hadn't been

7. I would have bought

late you would have caught the six o'clock train.

you a present if I had known it was your birthday.

8. If the weather had been better last weekend, we would have gone
9. If you had come

to the beach.

to the meeting yesterday, you would have met Jane.

10. The accident wouldn't have occurred

if the driver hadn't been driving fast.

atch the numbers with the letters to form conditional sentences:

a. if I finish early.
b. I would buy a beautiful c
c. if she had driven carefull

Decide which of the sentences below is conditional type 1, 2 & 3 :

1. If I were rich, I would travel around the world. Conditional 2
2. She wouldn't have missed the train if she had woken up earlier. Conditional 3
3. Ill watch the film if I finish early. Conditional 1
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 1):
1. If I (finish) finish

early, I will call you.

2. I (catch) would catch/'d catch

the 9:00 train if I hurry up .

3. She will know the answer, if she (try) tries

to understand.

Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 2):

1. If I (be) were/was

a star, I would help the needy.

2. He (buy) would buy/'d buy

3. She (be) would be/'d be

a house if he had a job.

happy, if she marries him .

Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 3):

1. If he (be) had been/'d been

careful, he would not be have had that terrible accident.

2. I (pass) would have passed/'d have passed

the exam if I had worked hard .

3. Her father would not have died, if he (go) had gone/'d gone

to the doctor.

Choose the correct answer:

1. If I (wake up) wake up
2. He (visit) will visit

early, Ill go jogging.

his uncle, if he finishes early.

3. If she had taken care of her son, he (not/become) would not have become
4. If I were a star, I (help) would help

a criminal.

the poor.

5. She would have been top of her class if she (work) had worked

hard.

Choose the correct answer (if or unless)

1. Unless you help me, I'll be unable to do it .
2. IfI meet him, I'll tell him the whole truth.
3. You won't get well unless you stop smoking.
4. Unless you exercise regularly, you won't be able to lose some weight.
5. If you exercise regularly, you'll lose some weight.
6. The teacher will be furious if you don't the homework.
7. You can't go on vacation if you don't save some money.
8. You will feel cold unless you wear a warm jacket.
9. We'll arrive on time if we hurry.
10. Don't call me unless it's an emergency.

Give the correct gerund form of these verbs (do not use 'to' and do not capitalize the verbs)

Verbs

Gerunds

1.

She likes (paint)

painting

2.

I can't bear (listen) to loud music

listening

3.

He enjoys (play) tennis

playing

4.

Leila dreams of (set) up her own business

setting

5.

He is interested in (emigrate) to Canada

emigrating

6.

Are you good at (dance)

dancing

7.

She is crazy about (read) romantic poems

reading

8.

I can't help (laugh) when I watch Mr Bean

laughing

9.

I can't imagine (be) anywhere else but here

being

10.

You should give up (smoke)

smoking