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Application of Polynomial Interpolation

This document discusses polynomial interpolation methods, specifically Newton's divided difference interpolation. It provides examples of linear, quadratic, and Newton's interpolation on datasets with increasing numbers of data points. The document also gives an example problem applying Newton interpolation to calculate intermediate wellbore stresses given stress data from 5 gas wells. It provides the step-by-step work to arrive at the interpolated stress value using Newton's method. Finally, it discusses applying polynomial interpolation to model wellbore stability based on octahedral shear stress and mean effective stress.

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okoro matthew
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239 views8 pages

Application of Polynomial Interpolation

This document discusses polynomial interpolation methods, specifically Newton's divided difference interpolation. It provides examples of linear, quadratic, and Newton's interpolation on datasets with increasing numbers of data points. The document also gives an example problem applying Newton interpolation to calculate intermediate wellbore stresses given stress data from 5 gas wells. It provides the step-by-step work to arrive at the interpolated stress value using Newton's method. Finally, it discusses applying polynomial interpolation to model wellbore stability based on octahedral shear stress and mean effective stress.

Uploaded by

okoro matthew
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NEWTONS DIVIDED DIFFRENCE POLYNOMIAL INTERPOLATION..

As mentioned earlier, there is variety of alternative forms for expressing an interpolating


polynomial. Newtons divided difference interpolating polynomial is among the most popular
and useful forms. Before presenting the general equation, we will introduce the linear and
quadratic because of their simple visual interpretation.
Linear interpolation: the simplest form of interpolation is to connect two data points with a
straight line. This technique is called interpolation.
Applying similar triangles;
[(f1(x) f(x))/(x x0)] = [(f(x1) f(x0))/(x1 x0)], then multiplying both sides of this equation by
x x0 and then re arranging, the equation becomes;
f(x) = f(x) + [f(x1) f(x0)/(x1 x0)](x x0).
Newtons divided difference interpolation: the preceding analysis can be generalized to fit an
nth order polynomial to n+1 data points, fn(x) = b0 + b1(x-x0) bn(x-x0)(x-x1) , as done
earlier the linear and quadratic interpolations data points can be used to evaluate the coefficients
b0, b1,..bn. for an nth order polynomial, n+1 data points are required; x0, x1, x2 . Xn,
using these data points, the following equations are used to compute the coefficients;
b0 = f(x0)
b1 = f [x1 x0]
b2 = f [x2 x1 x0]

bn = f [xn xn-1 .. x1 x0], where the bracketed function evaluations are finite differences for
example, the first finite divided difference is represented generally as;
f [xi xj] = [(f(xi) f(xj))/(xi xj)] xi + xj, where the second finite divided difference which
represents the difference of the first divided differences. After close evaluation the general
analysis yields the interpolating polynomial. This is given as thus;
f(x) = f(x0) + (x x0) f[x1 x0 + .xn) which is the Newton divided difference interpolating
polynomial, which implies that the data points taken should be equally spaced.
Errors of Newton interpolating polynomials: observed that the structures of the equations in
Newton divided method is similar to the tailors series expansion in the sense that terms are
added sequentially in order to capture the higher order behavior of the underlying function.
These terms are finite divided differences and thus represent approximations of the higher order
derivatives. Consequently as with the Taylor series, if the true underlying function is an nth
order polynomials, the nth order interpolating polynomial based on n+1 data points will yield
exact results. Recall from the previous equation that the truncation error for the Taylor series
could be expressed generally as; Rn = [f (n+1) ()/ (n+1)] (xi-1 xi) n=1. For an nth order
interpolating polynomial, an analogous relationship for the error is Rn = [f (n+1) ()/ (n+1)] (x x0)
(x x1)..
Where is somewhere in the interval containing the unknown and the data. For the formula to be
use, the function in question must be known and differentiable. This is not usually the case.
Fortunately, an alternative formulation is available that does not require prior knowledge of the
function. Rather it uses a finite divided difference to approximate the n+1 derivative.

APPLICATION OF POLYNOMIAL INTERPOLATION TO GAS ENGINEERING


Polynomial interpolation is applied in the area of gas engineering, drilling and production
engineering. But in this study we will be looking at the failure criteria analysis of both vertical
and deviated gas wells with emphasis on in-situ principal stresses.
PROBLEM:
1. 5 gas wells are drilled and the corresponding in-situ stresses down hole when Mohr
coulomb criterion is followed, determine the intermediate in-situ stress using the Newton
interpolation method. If the following data is given;
Well number

Xi (psi) = stresses

Logx10 (psi)

900

2.9542

1000

3.0000

1100

3.0413

1200

3.07918

1300

3.1139

2. Two wells are drilled in Niger delta, and instability was encountered as a result of well
placement along minimum horizontal stress. From Mohr coulomb criterion the well will
be stable only if the polynomial equation given as thus is obeyed; = c + n* tan , where
all parameters are defined. Calculate the maximum shear stress for stability using;

Newton interpolation method (forward and backward). Calculate also the Newton Error
analysis.
3. Using Newton interpolation method and sterling interpolation, calculate the octahedral
shear stress for a deviated well using the Mogi coulomb criterion. If the Mogi coulomb
equation is given as thus; = a + b *m, 2.
4. Calculate the failure function for a well drilled offshore with a TVD of 6000ft using the
Lagrange interpolation method. If Mogi coulomb law is obeyed using the polynomial
equation given as thus; = a + b * m, 2.
SOLUTION
1. The first divided polynomial interpolation in the table above is given as thus;
f (x1, xo) = [(3.00-2.9542)/(1000-900)] = 0.000458
f (x2 , x1 ) = [(3.0413-3.000)/(1100-1000)] = 0.000413
f (x3 , x2 ) = [(3.07918-3.0413)/(1200-1100)] = 0.0003788
f (x4 , x3) = [(3.1139-3.07918)/(1300-1200)] = 0.0003472.
The second divided difference is also calculated as thus;
f (x2 x1 x0) = [(0.000413-0.000458)/(1100-900)] = -0.000000225
f (x3 x2 x1) = [(0.0003788-0.000413)/(1200-1100)] = -0.000000171

f (x4 x3 x2 ) = [(0.0003472-0.0003788)/(1300-1100) = -0.000000158


The third divided difference interpolation polynomial is given as thus;
F(x3 x2 x1 x0) = [(-0.000000171+0.000000225)/(1200-900)] = 0.00000000018
F(x4 x3 x2 x1) = [(-0.000000158+0.000000171)/(1300-1100) = 0.00000000013
The fourth divided difference interpolation polynomial is given as thus;
F(x5 x4 x3 x2 x1) = [(0.00000000018-0.00000000013)/(1300-1200)] = 0.00000000000015
Then to get the intermediate stress for wellbore stability, since the intermediate stress is
considered to be the strengthening effect of our wellbores from rock mechanics part of
drilling engineering view.
F2 = 2.9542+0.000458(x-900)-0.000000225(x-900)(x-1000)+0.00000000018(x-900)(x1000)(x-1100)+0.00000000000015(x-900)(x-1000)(x-1100)(x-1200)
F2 = 2.9542+0.000458(950-900)-0.000000225(950-900)(9501000)+0.00000000018(950-900)(950-1000)(950-1100)+0.00000000000015(950-900)
(950-1000)(950-1100)(950-1200)
F2 = 2.9777, because log of 950 is 2.977.
Hence the intermediate stress is 950psi from the Newton polynomial interpolation.
Table for the interpolated polynomial based on stresses is as shown below;

Well

Stresse

Log of

First

numbe

sx

stresse

(psi)

900

2.9542

1000

3.0000

0.000458

1100

3.0413

0.000413

Second

Third

Fourth

0.0000000001 0.000000000000

0.00000022

15

5
4

1200

3.0791

0.000378

0.0000000001

0.00000017

1
5

1300

3.1139

0.000347

0.00000015
8

2. The solution is based on the fact that, the octahedral shear stress is computed for each insitu principal stress and then a polynomial plot is made to show the data spread and data
space for each failure criterion.
1

m,2

395

20

20

208

177

415

52

20

217

179

413

91

20

237

171

455

165

20

240

181

459

203

20

242

180

464

231

20

241

181

442

40

40

248

190

455

40

40

248

196

496

113

40

268

200

534

312

40

287

202

First polynomial interpolation plot for the well. To show stability based on octahedral shear
stress, it can be seen that the peak of the polynomial plot shows the wellbore stability stress
which is the UCS.

plot of 1 vs 3 for polynomial interpolation


f(x) = 0x^3 - 0.01x^2 + 1.53x + 380.87
R = 0.69

1
Polynomial (1)

Second plot is also to show the shear stress stability based on the tensile nature of the well to
avoid fracture while drilling in that well. Then a plot of mean effective stress is polt againt the
octahedral shear stress to show the spread of result. Obeying the Newton polynomial
interpolation.

plot of m,2 vs to show stability for polynomial interpolation


f(x) = - 0x^3 + 0.27x^2 - 67.37x + 5647.02
R = 0.81

Polynomial ()

From the graph above you can see that the stability of the well based on octahedral and mean
effective stress also depends on the peak stress, showing that the higher the stresses the more
stable and the more the wellbore is prone to failure criteria, inview of the fact that elastic moduli
also contributes to the strenght of the rock.

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