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    DRIP Presentation

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    Purushotham Paspuleti
    Drip irrigation involves applying water slowly to the soil surface or below the surface at low pressures. It was developed in the 1940s but became more widely used with the invention of polyethylene pipes in the 1930s. Drip irrigation uses less water and fertilizer than other methods, improves crop yields and quality, and can be used on uneven terrain or with problem soils. It has higher initial costs than other irrigation methods but provides multiple benefits. Proper filtration is essential to prevent emitters from getting clogged.

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    DRIP Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Purushotham Paspuleti
    543 views37 pages
    Drip irrigation involves applying water slowly to the soil surface or below the surface at low pressures. It was developed in the 1940s but became more widely used with the invention of polyethylene pipes in the 1930s. Drip irrigation uses less water and fertilizer than other methods, improves crop yields and quality, and can be used on uneven terrain or with problem soils. It has higher initial costs than other irrigation methods but provides multiple benefits. Proper filtration is essential to prevent emitters from getting clogged.

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    drip irrigation and its advantages and impacts on crop gowth

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    Drip irrigation involves applying water slowly to the soil surface or below the surface at low pressures. It was developed in the 1940s but became more widely used with the invention of polyethylene pipes in the 1930s. Drip irrigation uses less water and fertilizer than other methods, improves crop yields and quality, and can be used on uneven terrain or with problem soils. It has higher initial costs than other irrigation methods but provides multiple benefits. Proper filtration is essential to prevent emitters from getting clogged.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    543 views37 pages

    DRIP Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Purushotham Paspuleti
    Drip irrigation involves applying water slowly to the soil surface or below the surface at low pressures. It was developed in the 1940s but became more widely used with the invention of polyethylene pipes in the 1930s. Drip irrigation uses less water and fertilizer than other methods, improves crop yields and quality, and can be used on uneven terrain or with problem soils. It has higher initial costs than other irrigation methods but provides multiple benefits. Proper filtration is essential to prevent emitters from getting clogged.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 37

    WELCOME

    DRIP/TRICKLE
    IRRIGATION
    Submitted To :
    Dr.K.Avil Kumar
    Principal Scientist
    (Agronomy)
    Water Technology Centre

    DRIP/TRICKLE IRRIGATION
    INTRODUCTION:

    In

    drip

    irrigation

    water

    frequently at lower

    Is

    applied

    rates from a low

    pressure delivery system.


    It is an efficient irrigation method of recent
    origin.
    Which is becoming popular in Areas of
    Water

    Scarcity

    and poor water

    Development of Drip
    Irrigation
    Use of drip irrigation can be traced back to
    ancient custom of irrigating Tulsi plant with
    earthen pot hung above the plant.
    During early 1940s Israeli engineer named
    Symch Blass developed this concept.
    Break through of Drip irrigation is achieved
    with invention of Polyethylene in 1935.

    Earlier Low Density Poly Ethylene(LDPE)

    Produced at relatively high pressures (up to


    3500kg/cm2) were used.
    Later High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE)

    Produced at low pressures (20kg/cm2) came


    into usage.
    Then Linear Low Density Poly

    Ethylene(LLDPE) Materials were used because


    of improved strength ,stress crack resistance.

    Advantages of Drip
    irrigation
    Higher crop yields.
    Improved quality of harvested

    produce.
    Savings in Irrigation Water.
    Increased efficiency in fertilizer use
    Reduced energy consumption

    Tolerance to windy atmospheric

    conditions.
    Reduced labour cost
    Improved disease and pest control
    Feasibility of irrigating undulating terrain.
    Suitable for problem soils

    Improved tolerance to salinity


    Promotes congenial soil physical conditions

    In root zone
    Easy in operation
    Facilitates automation
    Adapted to irrigate crops in green houses.

    Application of Drip In India


    In early 70s confined to Agricultural
    universities and Research centers only.
    There was significant development in
    1980s
    From mere 1500 ha (1985) to 4,62,300
    ha in 2003.[ICAR,2003]
    Drip irrigation mainly developed in
    water scarcity areas.

    Promotional efforts by
    Government
    In India ,state and central govt are
    providing subsidy to farmers of
    different social communities to adopt
    drip irrigation.
    Govt has allotted 250crores in viii plan.
    And 375 corers in ix th plan.

    Classification:
    Drip irrigation can be broadly
    classified based on Installation
    and Location of drip laterals.
    I. Surface drip irrigation system
    II.Sub surface drip irrigation system

    Sub surface drip irrigation


    system

    Depth ranges
    from 20-60cm
    Mains ,Sub mains
    laid below 60cms
    Spacing of
    laterals ranges
    from .25 to 5 m,
    depending on
    spacing of crops.

    Components of Drip irrigation


    system

    Drippers:
    It is emitter fitted to a drip irrigation
    lateral
    It controls flow from lateral.
    It reduces inlet pressure head in
    lateral pipe line
    Drippers are classified based on
    operating pressure, discharge rate.

    On operating pressure-low
    0.8m]

    [below
    -medium[2-5m]
    -High
    [8-

    15m]

    Discharge rate

    - low
    [4lit/ha]
    -medium[4-

    10lit/ha]
    -High
    [15lit/ha]

    Point source drippers :


    The point on ground at which water is
    discharged is called Emission point.
    Most if point source drippers are either
    Online emitters

    [installed on lateral wall]

    or inline emitters [installed within


    laterals]

    Online drippers

    Distribution system
    Main lines :
    -PVC ,HDPE pipes were used.
    -underground
    -diameter 65mm and above
    -pressure 4-10hg/sq

    Sub mains
    -PVC/HDPE/LDPE pipes
    -diameter 32-75mm
    -Pressure 6kg/sq.cm
    -additional components like Pressure
    gauge, air, vacuum relief can be
    added.

    Laterals:
    -LDPE/LLDPE ,PVC materials
    -10-20mm diameter
    -Wall thickness 1-3mm
    -Pressure 2.5kg/sq.cm
    -it should be flexible, non corrosive,
    and resistant to u.v rays.

    Pipe line accessories &


    fittings
    Common fittings ,Elbows, TEES,
    Crosses,unions,plugs,end caps
    For joining PVC,HDPE sizes of
    coupling tees, elbows, bends
    Accessories include end plugs, joints

    Filter systems:
    It is key to success or failure of drip
    irrigation systems.
    Drippers are clogged.
    While planning filtration must be
    planned well in advance.

    Grave /sand filters:


    Frequently called as media filters
    Layered beds of graded sand & gravel
    in one or more cylindrical tanks.
    Primary filtration of irrigation water is
    necessary.
    Diameter of filter tanks :20-200cm
    Coated with 70-80micron thick
    blue polyester powder.

    Screen filter:
    Fitted in series with media filter to
    remove Solid impurities like Fine
    sand, dust, from irrigation water.
    It should be coated with 70-80micrn
    thick deep colored polyester.

    Screen filter:

    Hydrocyclones :
    Also called as Centrifugal sand
    separators.
    In this due centrifugal force suspended
    substances are removed.
    In this water inlet is tangential to top
    come and creates circular motion ,all
    heavy particles are thrown out.
    Clean water rises up in spiral motion to
    out let.

    Hydrocyclones :

    Pumping unit:
    Volute centrifugal pump
    Vertical turbine pumps
    Submersible pumps

    Disadvantages:
    Emitter clogging :
    -as outlets small clogged with sand ,silt
    -reduced emission rates leads to poor
    uniform application
    -prolonged clogging damages crop
    -interrupts irrigation water application.

    Restricted root development o


    crops
    Wets only part of root zone
    Root distribution to moist zone only
    Concentrated roots ,,lacks stability to
    with stand strong winds.
    Cant withstand to drought.

    Salt accumulation at root


    zone:
    Salts accumulate towards periphery
    As root zone has constant moisture it
    may impact crops in next season.
    If plants planted in soil patches it
    affects crop.
    Salts must be leached out before
    sowing of next crop.
    Or artificial leaching is practiced.

    Damage from rodents and


    other animals
    Rats and squirrels damage subsurface drip
    irrigation system.
    Some insects build cocoons in emitter outlets.
    So repellents must be used to control rats.
    Rats do not cross wet surface, so it is advised
    to wet borders of fields.
    Ants can be controlled with chlorinated
    hydrocarbons.
    Laterals with 0.38mm thickness to control
    damage.

    Highest cost of drip:


    Large quantities of pipping,
    filtration,kits are employed.
    In steep terrain pressure regulators
    must be employed.
    Cost overweigh benefits at initial
    times.
    It costs about 60,000k to establish
    drip irrigation system per acre.

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