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    The Katipunan

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    Mabelle Esconde Acosta
    Andres Bonifacio founded the secret revolutionary society called the Katipunan in 1892 in Manila after losing hope that peaceful reform under La Liga Filipina could gain independence from Spain. The Katipunan grew rapidly with rituals like blood compacts and spread throughout the provinces. Jose Rizal was respected by the Katipunan members though he did not join, and Bonifacio sought his advice in 1896, though Rizal warned that a revolution was premature. The Katipunan's existence was discovered by authorities in August 1896, prompting Bonifacio to launch the revolution earlier than planned.

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    The Katipunan

    Uploaded by

    Mabelle Esconde Acosta
    199 views5 pages
    Andres Bonifacio founded the secret revolutionary society called the Katipunan in 1892 in Manila after losing hope that peaceful reform under La Liga Filipina could gain independence from Spain. The Katipunan grew rapidly with rituals like blood compacts and spread throughout the provinces. Jose Rizal was respected by the Katipunan members though he did not join, and Bonifacio sought his advice in 1896, though Rizal warned that a revolution was premature. The Katipunan's existence was discovered by authorities in August 1896, prompting Bonifacio to launch the revolution earlier than planned.

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    Andres Bonifacio founded the secret revolutionary society called the Katipunan in 1892 in Manila after losing hope that peaceful reform under La Liga Filipina could gain independence from Spain. The Katipunan grew rapidly with rituals like blood compacts and spread throughout the provinces. Jose Rizal was respected by the Katipunan members though he did not join, and Bonifacio sought his advice in 1896, though Rizal warned that a revolution was premature. The Katipunan's existence was discovered by authorities in August 1896, prompting Bonifacio to launch the revolution earlier than planned.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    199 views5 pages

    The Katipunan

    Uploaded by

    Mabelle Esconde Acosta
    Andres Bonifacio founded the secret revolutionary society called the Katipunan in 1892 in Manila after losing hope that peaceful reform under La Liga Filipina could gain independence from Spain. The Katipunan grew rapidly with rituals like blood compacts and spread throughout the provinces. Jose Rizal was respected by the Katipunan members though he did not join, and Bonifacio sought his advice in 1896, though Rizal warned that a revolution was premature. The Katipunan's existence was discovered by authorities in August 1896, prompting Bonifacio to launch the revolution earlier than planned.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    THEKATIPUNAN

    (RizalwasnotdirectlyapartoftheKatipunan,evendenouncingthegroupanddisagreeingwiththecause.
    However,heservedasaninspirationtoitsmembersandwasconsideredasitshonorarypresident,withhis
    nameevenservingasapasswordforthehigherrankingmembersofthemovement.)
    Rizal'sarrestandhisexilein1892bestirredachainofeventsthatleaddirectlytoarmedinsurrectionfor
    nationalindependence.OnthenightofRizal'sarrest,AndresBonifacio,aselfeducatedmanofhumble
    origins,foundedasecretsociety,theKatipunan(TheHighestandMostRespectableAssociationoftheSonsof
    thePeople),modeledontheMasonicOrderandcommittedtowinningindependencefromSpainthrough
    revolution.
    TheKatipunan,liketheMasoniclodges,hadsecretpasswordsandceremonies,anditsmemberswere
    organizedintoranksordegrees,eachhavingdifferentcoloredhoods,specialpasswords,andsecretformulas.
    Newmemberswentthrougharigorousinitiation,whichconcludedwiththepactodeSangre,orblood
    compact.
    FromitsoriginsintheTondodistrictofManila,theKatipunanspreadgraduallytotheprovincesandby
    August1896ontheeveoftherevoltagainstSpainithadabout30,000members,bothmenandwomen.
    Mostofthemweremembersofthelowerandlowermiddleincomestrata,includingpeasants.Thenationalist
    movementhadeffectivelymovedfromtheclosedcircleofprosperousilustradostoatrulypopularbaseof
    support.
    Theorganizationgrewveryrapidlybecausetheinsolentandprovocativewayinwhichthefriarscarriedout
    theircampaignagainstreformshadannoyedthemasses.Itperhapstoogrewsowell,becausetheorganization
    ofpoliticalassociationswasprohibittedonthearchipelagoandthusthemiddleclass,whichwasthemost
    educatedandinfluential,notbeingabletomovefreely,couldnotsupportopenlydieLigaFilipina,sincethat
    classwasmoreinfavouroftheLiga'sprogram,evenafterhavingenduredmostcruelsufferings.
    OnJune21,1896.Dr.PioValenzuela,Bonifacio'semissary,visitedRizalinDapitanandinformedhimofthe
    planoftheKatipunantolauncharevolution.RizalobjectedtoBonifacio'sboldprojectstatingthatsuchwould
    beaveritablesuicide.RizalstressedthattheKatipunanleadersshoulddoeverythingpossibletoprevent
    prematureflowofnativeblood.Valenzuela,however,warnedRizalthattheRevolutionwillinevitablybreak
    outiftheKatipunanwouldbediscovered.
    Sensingthattherevolutionaryleadersweredeadsetonlaunchingtheiraudaciousproject,Rizalinstructed
    ValenzuelathatitwouldbeforthebestinterestsoftheKatipunantogetfirstthesupportoftherichand
    influentialpeopleofManilatostrengthentheircause.HefurthersuggestedthatAntonioLunawithhis
    knowledgeofmilitaryscienceandtactics,bemadetodirectthemilitaryoperationsoftheRevolution.
    InanotherSpanishcolony,15,000kmaway,theCubanrevolutionforindependencestartedinFebruary1895.
    Toescapefromhisexile,RizalvolunteeredtoserveasadoctorfortheSpanisharmyinCuba.Rizal'sofferwas
    acceptedbutjustasheleftforCubabyship,theSpanishlearnedoftheexistenceoftherevolutionarysociety
    KatipunanbecauseoftheuntimelydiscoverybyaSpanishfriar,onAugust19th,1896.TheSpanishbegan

    makinghundredsofarrestsandBonifaciohadlittlechoicebuttoissuethecalltoarms,theCryofBalintawak,
    onAugust26th,1896.
    BonifacioandEmilioJacintoattackedtheSpanishgarrisonatSanJuanonAugust29th,1896with800
    Katipuneros.InsurrectionsalsobrokeoutineightprovincessurroundingManilaonLuzonandsoonspreadto
    otherislands.Therebelswenottrainedregularsandhadlittlesuccessagainstthecolonialtroops.Inthe
    provinceofCavite,however,undertheleadershipofEmilioAguinaldo,theKatipunanrebelsdefeatedthe
    CivilGuardandthecolonialtroops.
    Meanwhile,RizalwasarrestedintransittoCubaandorderedtoreturntoFortSantiagoinManilatostandtrial
    forrebellion,seditionandillicitassociation.OnDecember22nd,1896,Rizal,heldincomunicadoinFort
    Santiago,wrotea"manifesto"tohiscountrymentostopfighting,condemningtheabsurdrevolution.The
    Spanishauthoritiesdidnotpublishthis"manifesto".HewastriedonDecember26th,foundguiltyand
    condemnedtodeath.JoseRizalwasshotbyafiringsquadonDecember30th,1896.Rizal'sexecutiongavethe
    rebellionfreshdetermination.
    AndresBonifacioledtheRevolutioninitsearlystages,althoughhedidnotexcelinthefieldofbattlelike
    EmilioAguinaldo,whodistinguishedhimselfinthebattlefieldsinCavite,atthattimetheheartlandofthe
    Revolution.Duetohissuccessesinbattle,AguinaldowaselectedtoreplaceBonifacio.Bonifaciowithdrewhis
    supportersandthetwofactionsbegantofight.Bonifaciowasarrested,triedandexecutedonMay10th,1897
    byAguinaldo'sorder.
    Aguinaldo'sforcesweredrivenfromCavitetoBulacanwhereAguinaldodeclaredtheconstitutionand
    establishedtheRepublicofBiaknaBato.BothsidessooncametorealizethatthestrugglebetweenSpainand
    thenewRepublichadreachedanimpasse.Both,FilipinoandSpanishforces,wereunabletopursuehostilities
    toasuccessfulconclusion.
    Consequently,NegotiationsbeganinAugustandconcludedinbetweenNovember18thandDecember15th
    withthePact(truce)ofBiaknaBato.Theagreementextendedageneralamnestytotherebelswithapayment
    ofUS$800,000forAguinaldoandhisgovernmenttoretireinvoluntaryexiletoHongKong.Aguinaldoleft
    thePhilippineswithhisgovernmentonDecember27th,1897.WhileinHongKong,Aguinaldoandhis
    compatriotsdesignedwhatistodaythePhilippinenationalflag.
    Source:
    Eisele,P.KnightsofRizal.
    Available:http://www.knightsofrizal.de

    The Katipunan is born


    Andres Bonifacio was also a member of La Liga Filipina, although he soon lost hope in
    gaining reforms though peaceful means. This feeling was especially heightened when Jose
    Rizal was exiled to Dapitan. Bonifacio became convinced that the only way
    the Philippinescould gain independence was through a revolution.

    Bonifacio then founded the Katastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipuanan ng mga Anak ng


    Bayan (KKK) on July 7, 1892 in a house on Azcarraga street (now Claro M. Recto), in
    Tondo Manila.
    The Katipunan had colorful beginnings. As a symbol of the members loyalty, they performed
    the solemn rite of sanduguan (blood compact), wherein each one signed his name with his
    own blood..

    The members agreed to recruit more people using the triangle system of enlistment. Each
    original member would recruit tow new members who were not related to each other. Each
    new member would do the same thing, and so on down the line. Members were also asked
    to contribute one Real (about 25 centavos) each month in order to raise funds for the
    association.
    The KKK members agreed on the following objectives:

    The political goal was to completely separate the Philippines from Spain after declaring the
    countrys independence.
    The moral goal was to teach the Filipinos good manners, cleanliness, hygiene, fine morals,
    and how to guard themselves against religious fanaticism..
    The civic goal was to encourage Filipinos to help themselves and to defend the poor
    oppressed.

    The Kataastaasang Sanggunian (supreme council) was the highest governing body of the
    Katipunan. It was headed by a supremo, or president. Each province had a Sangguaniang
    Bayan (Provincial Council) and each town had a Sangguniang Balangay (Popular Council).
    The Leaders of the Katipunan:

    Deodato Arellano -Supremo


    Ladislao Diwa -Fiscal
    Teodora Plata -Secretary
    Valentine Diaz -treasurer
    Andres Bonifacio -controller
    Jose Rizal and the Katipunan

    Jose Rizal never became involved in the organization and activities of the
    Katipunan; but the Katipuneros still looked up to him as a leader. In fact, Rizals
    name was used as a password among the societys highest-ranking members, who
    were called bayani.
    Andres Bonifacio had already known Rizal during his La Liga Filipina days, although
    Rizal did not know Bonifacio personally Nevertheless, Bonifacio so respected Rizals
    intelligence and talent that in June 1896, he sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela to Dapitan to
    seek Rizals advice on the planned revolution.
    Rizal told Valenzuela that the timing was not right for a revolution. The people were not yet
    ready and they did not have enough weapons. He suggested that the Katipunan obtain the
    support of wealthy and influential Filipinos first, in order to gain financial assistance. He also
    recommended Antonio Luna as commander of its armed forces, since Luna had much
    knowledge and expertise in military tactics.

    Valenzuela returned to Manila on June 26 and relayed Rizals advice to Bonifacio, who
    admitted that it would indeed be fatal for the Filipinos to fight without enough weapons.
    However, there was no stopping the Revolution. Bonifacio ordered his men to prepare for
    battle. He directed them to store enough food and other supplies. Battle plans were made
    with the help of Emilio Jacinto. It was suggested that the revolutionary headquarters be
    located near the seas or mountains to provide for an easy retreat, if necessary.
    The Katipunan is Discovered
    Rumors about a secret revolutionary society had long been in circulation, although no solid
    evidence could be found to support them. The big break as far as the Spanish authorities
    was concerned, came on August 19, 1896 when a KKK member, Teodoro Patio told his
    sister Honoria about the existence of the Katipunan. Patio was a worker in
    the printing press of Diario de Manila. Honoria was then living with nuns in a Mandaluyong
    orphanage.

    The information upset Honoria so much that she told the orphanages Mother Superior, Sor
    Teresa de Jesus, what her brother had revealed. Sor Teresa suggested they seek the advice
    of Father Mariano Gil, the parish priest of Tondo.

    After hearing Patios revelations, Father Mariano Gil-accompanied by several Guardias


    Civiles immediately searched the premises of Diario de Manila and found evidence of the
    Katipunans existence. The governor general was quickly informed. The printing press was
    padlocked and hundreds of suspected KKK members were arrested. -Continue to Cry of
    Pugad Lawin & Andres Bonifacio's Execution.

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