CemNet Training - Course CKPC01

Module 2 Introduction

Cement Kiln
Process Chemistry
Module 2. Cement clinker quality and composition.
2.1 Module 2 - Introduction.

Cement Kiln Chemistry

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
Primarily clinker quality is
judged by the hydraulic
performance of cement made
from the clinker.
Hydraulic performance of cement covers strength development,
setting characteristics, workability and durability..
....and the consistency of those hydraulic performance
characteristics.

Cement Kiln Chemistry

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
Primarily clinker quality is
judged by the hydraulic
performance of cement made
from the clinker.
Hydraulic performance of cement covers strength development,
setting characteristics, workability and durability.
The clinker quality and composition affects all these hydraulic
..although setting
characteristics of the cement..
and workability can be adjusted or controlled in the
finish milling of the cement.

This document is for the sole use of students enrolled on course CKPC01 and cannot be reprinted, reproduced or distributed without prior written consent from Tradeship Publications Ltd
http://Training.CemNet.com

CemNet Training - Course CKPC01

Cement Kiln Chemistry

Module 2 Introduction

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
Primarily clinker quality is
judged by the hydraulic
performance of cement made
from the clinker.
Hydraulic performance of cement covers strength development,
setting characteristics, workability and durability.
Durability of concrete made from cement is certainly
determined by the clinker quality and composition ..
..the clinker must be combined to a low residual free
lime (<2.5%) and not contain more than 5% MgO.

Cement Kiln Chemistry

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
Primarily clinker quality is
judged by the hydraulic
performance of cement made
from the clinker.
Hydraulic performance of cement covers strength development,
setting characteristics, workability and durability.
However, presuming adequate combination, the strength
development of the cement made from the clinker is the
primary measure of clinker quality.

Cement Kiln Chemistry

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
The strength development of
cement, and concrete made from
cement, is determined by the
silicate content of the cement in the
minerals C3S and C2S.
The higher the silica modulus
(SM) of clinker the greater the
silicate content....but we have seen in Module 1 that if the
SM exceeds 4.0 then there are difficulties in combining
the clinker.

This document is for the sole use of students enrolled on course CKPC01 and cannot be reprinted, reproduced or distributed without prior written consent from Tradeship Publications Ltd
http://Training.CemNet.com

CemNet Training - Course CKPC01

Cement Kiln Chemistry

Module 2 Introduction

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
The early strength of cement
derives primarily from the C3S..
..the higher the lime
saturation (LSF) of the clinker the
higher will be the C3S content, up
to the maximum of 100% lime
saturated.
The raw materials in kiln feed can be proportioned to high LSF
and SM targets to maximise silicate and C3S content...
..but what does lime saturation actually mean?

Cement Kiln Chemistry

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
The early strength of cement
derives primarily from the C3S..
..the higher the lime
saturation (LSF) of the clinker the
higher will be the C3S content, up
to the maximum of 100% lime
saturated.
The raw materials in kiln feed can be proportioned to high LSF
and SM targets to maximise silicate and C3S content...
..will the real clinker mineralogy correspond
with the target from the proportioning?

Cement Kiln Chemistry

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
The early strength of cement
derives primarily from the C3S..
..the higher the lime
saturation (LSF) of the clinker the
higher will be the C3S content, up
to the maximum of 100% lime
saturated.
The raw materials in kiln feed can be proportioned to high LSF
and SM targets to maximise silicate and C3S content...
..will strength development of the C3S and
C2S be as expected?

This document is for the sole use of students enrolled on course CKPC01 and cannot be reprinted, reproduced or distributed without prior written consent from Tradeship Publications Ltd
http://Training.CemNet.com

CemNet Training - Course CKPC01

Cement Kiln Chemistry

Module 2 Introduction

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
The early strength of cement
derives primarily from the C3S..
..the higher the lime
saturation (LSF) of the clinker the
higher will be the C3S content, up
to the maximum of 100% lime
saturated.
The raw materials in kiln feed can be proportioned to high LSF
and SM targets to maximise silicate and C3S content...
..is strength development only dependent on
the amount of the C3S and C2S present?

Cement Kiln Chemistry

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
The early strength of cement
derives primarily from the C3S..
..the higher the lime
saturation (LSF) of the clinker the
higher will be the C3S content, up
to the maximum of 100% lime
saturated.
The raw materials in kiln feed can be proportioned to high LSF
and SM targets to maximise silicate and C3S content...
..or is the C3S and C2S in some clinkers
better at strength development than others?

Cement Kiln Chemistry

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
The early strength of cement
derives primarily from the C3S..
..the higher the lime
saturation (LSF) of the clinker the
higher will be the C3S content, up
to the maximum of 100% lime
saturated.
The raw materials in kiln feed can be proportioned to high LSF
and SM targets to maximise silicate and C3S content...
..what is the role of minor compounds and
constituents in the clinker?

This document is for the sole use of students enrolled on course CKPC01 and cannot be reprinted, reproduced or distributed without prior written consent from Tradeship Publications Ltd
http://Training.CemNet.com

CemNet Training - Course CKPC01

Cement Kiln Chemistry

Module 2 Introduction

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
The early strength of cement
derives primarily from the C3S..
..the higher the lime
saturation (LSF) of the clinker the
higher will be the C3S content, up
to the maximum of 100% lime
saturated.
The raw materials in kiln feed can be proportioned to high LSF
and SM targets to maximise silicate and C3S content...
..how can the strength development of the
C3S and C2S be controlled and predicted?

Cement Kiln Chemistry

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
The early strength of cement
derives primarily from the C3S..
..the higher the lime
saturation (LSF) of the clinker the
higher will be the C3S content, up
to the maximum of 100% lime
saturated.
These are the questions we will try to answer in this Module 2
of the course... ..we will certainly not be able to answer
these questions without an understanding of CaO-SiO2Al2O3-Fe2O3 (CSAF) quaternary system.

Cement Kiln Chemistry

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
The early strength of cement
derives primarily from the C3S..
..the higher the lime
saturation (LSF) of the clinker the
higher will be the C3S content, up
to the maximum of 100% lime
saturated.
These are the questions we will try to answer in this Module 2
of the course... ..the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3 (CSAF)
quaternary system is where we will start in the next
session of the course.

This document is for the sole use of students enrolled on course CKPC01 and cannot be reprinted, reproduced or distributed without prior written consent from Tradeship Publications Ltd
http://Training.CemNet.com

CemNet Training - Course CKPC01

Cement Kiln Chemistry

Module 2 Introduction

2.1 Introduction

In module 2 of the course we are going to focus on the quality and

composition of cement clinker perhaps we should first
define quality as it relates to cement clinker.
The early strength of cement
derives primarily from the C3S..
..the higher the lime
saturation (LSF) of the clinker the
higher will be the C3S content, up
to the maximum of 100% lime
saturated.
There is no exercise associated with this session 1 of module
2... ..however, I recommend trying Quiz 2.1 to assess
your current knowledge before studying the rest of the
sessions....then repeating later as self-assessment.

Cement Kiln
Process Chemistry
Module 2. Cement clinker quality and composition.
2.1 Module 2 - Introduction.

This document is for the sole use of students enrolled on course CKPC01 and cannot be reprinted, reproduced or distributed without prior written consent from Tradeship Publications Ltd
http://Training.CemNet.com