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3.3.2 Current Capacity of The Cable

The document discusses methods for calculating the current capacity of submarine cables based on thermal considerations. It provides formulas to calculate: 1) The permissible current based on the temperature rise of the cable's conductor due to power losses not exceeding a maximum allowable temperature. 2) The thermal resistance of various cable components (insulation, armor, surface diffusion) and soil, which are factors in the permissible current formula. 3) The base temperature to use, which is influenced by seasonal fluctuations in sea water temperature at different burial depths.

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655 views11 pages

3.3.2 Current Capacity of The Cable

The document discusses methods for calculating the current capacity of submarine cables based on thermal considerations. It provides formulas to calculate: 1) The permissible current based on the temperature rise of the cable's conductor due to power losses not exceeding a maximum allowable temperature. 2) The thermal resistance of various cable components (insulation, armor, surface diffusion) and soil, which are factors in the permissible current formula. 3) The base temperature to use, which is influenced by seasonal fluctuations in sea water temperature at different burial depths.

Uploaded by

ardiwilagagun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.3.

2Current Capacity (Based on JCS 0501:2002)

3.3.2.1 Regular permissible current


Permissible current means the current which can be sent without spoiling the function of
insulation performance of a cable with the condition that conductor temperature rise due
to generating loss during continuous operation and/or turning on electricity repeatedly.
Generating loss from an insulator (dielectric loss: AC) caused by a conductor, metal
sheath and cover layer etc. also occurs when the current is passing through a cable.
Permissible current shows the current which can be sent without spoiling the function
(life) of the insulation performance of a cable even if conductor temperature etc. rises
by the rise in heat in a cable by the generating loss when it continued or turns on
electricity repeatedly. By sending current through a cable, a generating loss is generated
also from an insulator (dielectric loss: AC) by generating from a conductor, a metal
sheath, and the cover layer etc, and impressing voltage.

Fig. 3.3-3 Outline of Thermal Flow Rule


The above generating loss being conveyed by the cable surface and being diffused can
be understood by equivalent heat flow model as shown in Fig. 3.3-3.
T1 T2 = I12r x Rth (1)
Formula (1) is the basic formula to calculate I1, normal permissible electric current.
Based on the formula (1), the following relation can be derived.

3.3-10

(2)

The formula (2) is the basic equation for calculation of permissible electric current.
In the case of duct laying, thermal resistance of Rth consists of soil Thermal Resistance
(R5), cable surface diffusion Thermal Resistance (R3), protective covering outer sheath
Thermal Resistance (R2) and insulator Thermal Resistance (R1) between conductor
temperature (T1) and soil temperature (T2). In the cases of Out-side laying and Culvert
laying, cable ambient air temperature is used as base temperature (T2), and soil Thermal
Resistance (R5) can be deleted for Pipe laying.

Thermal equivalent circuit of a cable


(1) In the case of Cable laying in DUCT

Fig. 3.3-4 Case of Cable Laying in Duct

(2) In the case of Cable laying in OUT-SIDE & CULVERT

3.3-11

Fig.3.3-5 Case of Cable laying in OUT-SIDE & CULVERT


3.3.2.2Current Capacity of the Cable(AC)
The Current Capacity of the Cable for Alternate Current (AC) can be calculated by the
following equation:
I=

T1 - T2 - Td
rc - Rth
Where, Rth=R1+(1+Ps+Pr)*R2 +(1+Ps+Pr+Pa+Ph)*(R3+R5)
T1 : max. conductor temperature
(SUNDA:90 degree C)
T2 : base temperature
29 degree-C? )
(
Td: temperature increase due to di-electric loss ( 0 )
R1: thermal resistance of insulator
( calculate )
R2: thermal resistance of anti-corrosion layer ( calculate )
R3: thermal resistance of cable surface diffusion ( calculate )
R5:thermal resistance of soil
( measurement )
Ph: hysteresis loss factor of armour wire
(
0 )
And

Ps = ( Rs /rc )*(Is/Ic)2
Pr = (Rr/rc)*(Ir/Ic)2

(0)
(0)

3.3-12

Pa= (Ra/rc)*(Ia/Ic)2
Where Ic: conductor current
rc: conductor resistance

(0)

Rs, Rr, Ra : resistance of sheath, outer conductor, and armour


Xs, Xr, Xa : reactance of sheath, outer conductor, and armour
Is, Ir, Ia : to be calculated as follows
(Rs+jXs)Is+jXrIr+jXaIa= -jXsIc
jXsIs+(Rr+JXr)Ir+jXaIa= -jXrIc
jXaIs+jXaIr+(Ra+jXa)Ia= -jXaIc
3.3.2.3Current Capacity of the Cable( D C )
For a direct current (DC), a generating loss serves as only a conductor portion and
calculation of permissible current serves as the easy following type.

I=

T1 - T2
rc -Rth
T1 : max.conductor temperature
(SUNDA:90 )
(at 29)
T2 : base temperature
rc : conductor resistance
(at 90 )
Rth: =R1+R2+R3+R5
( calculate )
R1: thermal resistance of insulator
R2: thermal resistance of anti-corrosion layer ( calculate )
R3: thermal resistance of jute serving
( calculate )
R5: thermal resistance of soil
(measurement)

Here

(1) Base temperature


1) Submarine exposure part
- Since a submarine cable for its exposure portion will be laid on seabed surface,
seabed temperature is to be used for calculation of permissible current capacity.
Seabed temperature is affected by sea water temperature which will be fluctuated
according to the year, the season, and the water depth. Therefore, a lot of past
temperature records and new temperature measurement by water depth are required

3.3-13

in order to understand the range of fluctuation. The results will be represented by


Tmean and T0;
Where: Tmean = Average temperature
T0 = The range of fluctuation (one cycle)
2) Submarine burial part
For the burial portion, change of sea water temperature is considered to be less
affected on burial cable. Therefore, the highest sea water temperature is set by the
following formula.
Where; T2 = Tmean Tx

Where; Tx : damping of water sea temperature range


To : range of sea water temperature
w : annual angle frequency ( w = 1.9924 x 10-7 (rad/sec))
g : specific thermal resistance of soil
c : specific heat capacity of soil (c = 2.5 J /oC/cm3)
L : burial depth of cable (cm)

(2) rc conductor resistance - Exchange conductor resistance


(r= r0, k1, and k2)
Where; k1: Ratio of the conductor resistance at regular permissive temperature and
20-degree C conductor resistance
k1= {1+ (T1-20)}
: Resistance temperature coefficient (/oC)
Copper (Cu)
0.00393
Aluminum (aluminum)
0.00403
T1: Regular permissive temperature (degree C)
k2: The ratio of exchange conductor resistance to direct-current conductor
resistance
In the cases of other than a k2=(1+p+s)-POF cable

3.3-14

p: Proximity effect coefficient


s: Skin effect coefficient
The direct-current maximum in r0:20 degree C Conductor resistance (the value
may be sufficient as long as there is a standard)
- Direct-current conductor resistance
- r0= 103/(58andAc-etac) and K1, K2, K3, and K4x10-5 (ohm/cm)
Ac: Conductor cross-section area (mm2)
Compression conductor-nominal value cross-section area (3000mm2)
K1: It is crowded from original and a rate.
250mm2 Above (1.03)
K2: It is crowded from a set of a division conductor,
and a rateDivision conductor (1.01)
K3: Work-hardening coefficient by compression
molding Compression conductor (1.01)
K4: The maximum conductor resistance Coefficient
Compression conductor (1.01)
etac: Electric conduction rate
2.0-12.0mm of cord diameter (0.97)
The current capacity of a submarine cable is computed based on the above.
(3) setup of sea water temperature
Actual measurement in KII-CHANNEL is shown in Tbale 3.3-4 for reference.

Table 3.3-4 setup of sea water temperatureatKII-CHANNEL

(4) Setup of thermal resistance


It is necessary to setup specific Thermal Resistance of submarine soil based on a

3.3-15

survey result. Since measurement of specific Thermal Resistance of soil is not


included in the TOR, it is necessary to measure in the next stage.
The value in KII-CHANNEL is shown in Table 3.3-5 for reference.
Table 3.3-5 Specific Thermal Resistance of Soil (at KII-CHANNEL)

Specific thermal resistance of soilR5 is calculated by using the Kennelly formula.

Where; L : burial depth of cable (cm)


r : cable radius (cm)
g: specific heat resistance of soil

3.3.2.4Thermal Resistance
Permissible current for sub-sea cables is calculated by the following formulas.
(1) Thermal Resistance of Cable Insulator (R1)

(oCcm/W)

3.3-16

Where ; d1: conductor outer diameter (mm)


d2: external semi-conductor layer outer diameter (mm)
1: specific thermal resistance of insulator

(2) Thermal Resistance of Cable Armoring (R2)

loge(

(oCcm/W)

Where;
d3 : inner diameter of anti-corrosion layer or armoring (mm)
d4: outer diameter of anti-corrosion layer or armoring (mm)
2 : specific thermal resistance of anti-corrosion layer (oCcm/W)

(3) Thermal Resistance of Cable Surface Diffusion (R3)

(oCcm/W)

Where;
d5 : outer diameter of cable (mm)
3 : specific thermal resistance of cable surface diffusion (oCcm2/W)
(4) Thermal Resistance of Soil (R5)

loge(

(oCcm/W)

Where;

3.3-17

L : burial depth of cable


r : cable radius
g: specific heat resistance of soil
Therefore, all thermal resistance (Rth) is;
Rth = R1 + R2 + R3 + Lf x R5
The calculation result in the case of KII-CHANNEL is shown in Fig. 3.3-6 and Table
3.3-6 for reference.

3.3-18

3.3-19

Fig. 3.3-6 Permissible Electric Current in the Case of KII-CHANNEL

3.3-19

Table 3.3-6 Thermal Resistance and Heat Capacity for Sub-sea Cable (3,000 mm2)

(NOTES:1)
In general, it is difficult to assume the various conditions correctly at the moment.
Therefore, more detailed survey and studies will be required in the next stage.
(NOTES:2)
The formulas used in this section are based on JCS 0501:2002 standard. However, IEC
60287:1994 standard also provide the relevant formulas. The both standards are not so
much different each other basically, although the treatment of constant values and
assumption method of base temperature are some different. Therefore, numerical check
will be required in the next stage toward the implementation.

3.3-20

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