Homework #2 Solutions Problems: Math 19: Calculus Summer 2010

Math 19: Calculus
Summer 2010
Homework #2 Solutions
Problems
Section 2.3: 2, 10, 24, 32
Section 2.4: 6, 18, 36 (the second domain should be 2 x < 3), 42
Section 2.5: 4, 24, 36, 42 (do not submit graph)
2.3.2 The graphs of f and g are given. Use them to evaluate each limit, if it exists. If the
limit does not exist, explain why.
(a) lim [ f ( x ) + g( x )] (b) lim [ f ( x ) + g( x )] (c) lim [ f ( x ) g( x )]

x 2
x 0
x 1
p
f (x)
3
(e) lim [ x f ( x )]
(f) lim 3 + f ( x )
(d) lim
x 2
x 1
x 1 g ( x )
Solution:
(a) limx2 [ f ( x ) + g( x )] = limx2 f ( x ) + limx2 g( x ) = 2 + 0 = 2.
(b) limx1 [ f ( x ) + g( x )] = 2 + 2 = 4, but limx1+ [ f ( x ) + g( x )] = 2 + 1 = 3. Since the

left- and right-hand limits exist but have different values, limx1 [ f ( x ) + g( x )] does
not exist.
(c) limx0 [ f ( x ) g( x )] = (limx0 f ( x ))(limx0 g( x )) = 0(limx0 g( x )) = 0
(d) Since limx1 g( x ) = 0 but limx1 f ( x ) = 1 6= 0, limx1
(e) limx2 [ x3 f ( x )] = (limx2 x3 )(limx2 f ( x )) = (23 )(2) = 16.
p
p
(f) limx1 3 + f ( x ) = 3 + limx1 f ( x ) = 3 + 1 = 2.
f (x)
g( x )
does not exist.
x2 4x
.
x 4 x 2 3x 4
2.3.10 Evaluate lim
Solution: Substituting x = 4 directly produces 0/0, so we instead simplify:

4
x ( x 4)
x
x2 4x
= lim
= lim
=
2
5
x 4 ( x + 1)( x 4)
x 4 x + 1
x 4 x 3x 4
lim
2.3.24 Evaluate lim
x 4
x2 + 9 5
.
x+4
Solution: Substituting x = 4 directly produces 0/0, so we instead simplify using the

conjugate radical:
x2 + 9 5
x2 + 9 5
x2 + 9 + 5
lim
= lim
x+4
x+4
x 4
x 4
x2 + 9 + 5
x2 + 9 25
= lim
x 4 ( x + 4)( x2 + 9 + 5)
( x + 4)( x 4)
= lim
x 4 ( x + 4)( x2 + 9 + 5)
8
4
x4
=
= .
= lim
5+5
5
x 4
x2 + 9 + 5
2.3.32 Prove that limx0+
xesin(/x) = 0.
Solution: We use the Squeeze Theorem: first, note that for all x,

1 sin
1.
x
Exponentiating preserves inequalities, so
1
esin(/x) e.
e
For x > 0, x > 0, so multiplying through by x preserves the inequalities:
Since limx0+
clude that
1
x xesin(/x) e x.
e
1
e x = 0 and lim x 0+ e x = 0, the Squeeze Theorem allows us to conlim
x 0+
xesin(/x) = 0.
2.4.6 Sketch the graph of a function f that is continuous except for the stated discontinuity: Discontinuities at 1 and 4, but continuous from the left at 1 and from the right
at 4.
Solution: Answers may vary, but here is one example:
y
2.4.18 Explain why the function is discontinuous at the given number a. Sketch the
graph of the function.
2
2x 5x 3
, x 6= 3,
a=3
f (x) =
x3
6,
x=3
Solution: We first evaluate limx3 f ( x ):
2x2 5x 3
(2x + 1)( x 3)
= lim
= lim (2x + 1) = 7
x 3
x 3
x 3
x3
x3
lim f ( x ) = lim
x 3
Since the limit exists and has the value 7, but f (3) = 6, the function has a removable
discontinuity at 3. Here is a graph:
y
7
6
2.4.36 Find the values of a and b that make f continuous everywhere.
x2 4
,
x < 2,
x2
f ( x ) = ax2 bx + 3, 2 x < 3,
2x a + b,
x 3.
Solution: We note that each of the functions is continuous on the domains specified, so we
check that their left- and right-hand limits agree at the boundaries. First, at x = 2,
x2 4
= lim ( x + 2) = 4
x 2
x 2 x 2
x 2
lim f ( x ) = lim ax2 bx + 3 = 4a 2b + 3,
lim f ( x ) = lim
x 2+
and
x 2+
so for f to be continuous at 2, 4a 2b + 3 = 4, and 4a 2b = 1. Next, at x = 3,

lim f ( x ) = lim ax2 bx + 3 = 9a 3b + 3
x 3
x 3
x 3+
x 3+
and
lim f ( x ) = lim 2x a + b = 6 a + b.
Thus, for f to be continuous at 3, 9a 3b + 3 = 6 a + b, so 10a 4b = 3.

From the first equation, b = 2a 1/2. Substituting this into the second equation gives
10a 8a + 2 = 3, so 2a = 1, and a = 1/2. Backsolving for b gives b = 2(1/2) 1/2 = 1/2
as well.
2.4.42 Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to show that there is a root of 3 x = 1 x
in the interval (0, 1).
Solution: We note that f ( x ) = 3 x + x 1 is continuous at all real numbers. Furthermore,

f (0) = 0 + 0 1 = 1, and f (1) = 1 + 1 1 = 1. Since 0 is between 1 and 1, the
Intermediate
Value Theorem
says that there is some number c in (0, 1) such that f (c) = 0.
3
3
Then c + c 1 = 0, so c = 1 c.
2.5.4 For the function g whose graph is given, state the following:
(a) lim g( x ) (b) lim g( x )
x
(d) lim g( x )
(e)
x 0
(c) lim g( x )
x 3
lim g( x ) (f) The equations of the asymptotes
x 2+
Solution:
(a) limx g( x ) = 2.
(b) limx g( x ) = 2.
(c) limx3 g( x ) = +.
(d) limx0 g( x ) = .
(e) limx2+ g( x ) = .
(f) The vertical asymptotes are x = 2, x = 0, and x = 3, and the horizontal asymptotes
are y = 2 and y = 2.
t2 + 2
.
t t3 + t2 1
2.5.24 Find the limit lim
Solution: Since both the numerator and denominator grow without bound as t ,
we divide both by the largest power of t in the denominator:
t2 + 2
1/t3
t2 + 2
=
lim
t t3 + t2 1
t t3 + t2 1 1/t3
1
2
t + t3
= lim
t 1 + 1 13
t
t
0+0
=
= 0.
1+0+0
lim
2.5.36 Find the limit
lim
x (/2)+
etan x .
Solution: Let t = tan x. Then as x (/2)+ , t , so by the continuity of e x ,

lim
x (/2)+
etan x = lim et = 0.
t
2.5.42 Find the horizontal and vertical asymptotes of the curve y =

Solution: We first find the horizontal asymptotes. As x +,
2e x
.
ex 5
2e x
2e x
e x
2
2
=
lim
=
lim
=
= 2,
x + e x 5
x + e x 5 e x
x + 1 5e x
1 5(0) 1
lim
so y = 2 is a horizontal asympotote. As x ,
2e x
2(0)
=
= 0,
x
x e 5
05
lim
so y = 0 is also a horizontal asymptote.

x
We see that e2e
x 5 is continuous where it is defined. The only x-value where it is not
defined is where e x 5 = 0, so e x = 5, and x = ln 5. As x ln 5, the denominator goes
to 0, but the numerator goes to 2eln 5 = 10 6= 0, so there is an infinite discontinuity at
x = ln 5. Thus, x = ln 5 is the only vertical asymptote of this graph.

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Math 19: Calculus

(a) lim [ f ( x ) + g( x )] (b) lim [ f ( x ) + g( x )] (c) lim [ f ( x ) g( x )]

(b) limx1 [ f ( x ) + g( x )] = 2 + 2 = 4, but limx1+ [ f ( x ) + g( x )] = 2 + 1 = 3. Since the

(f) limx1 3 + f ( x ) = 3 + limx1 f ( x ) = 3 + 1 = 2.

does not exist.

2.3.10 Evaluate lim

Solution: Substituting x = 4 directly produces 0/0, so we instead simplify:

2.3.24 Evaluate lim

Solution: Substituting x = 4 directly produces 0/0, so we instead simplify using the

For x > 0, x > 0, so multiplying through by x preserves the inequalities:

2.4.36 Find the values of a and b that make f continuous everywhere.

so for f to be continuous at 2, 4a 2b + 3 = 4, and 4a 2b = 1. Next, at x = 3,

Thus, for f to be continuous at 3, 9a 3b + 3 = 6 a + b, so 10a 4b = 3.

Solution: We note that f ( x ) = 3 x + x 1 is continuous at all real numbers. Furthermore,

lim g( x ) (f) The equations of the asymptotes

2.5.24 Find the limit lim

2.5.36 Find the limit

Solution: Let t = tan x. Then as x (/2)+ , t , so by the continuity of e x ,

2.5.42 Find the horizontal and vertical asymptotes of the curve y =

so y = 0 is also a horizontal asymptote.

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