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AP Human Geography Unit 5 Study Guide

This study guide outlines the key topics and concepts to review for the AP Human Geography Unit 5 exam, including: - The origins and diffusion of industrialization, focusing on factors that led to its beginning in Britain and the shift to new manufacturing belts. - Metrics and theories of economic development, including models like modernization and dependency theories. - Causes and consequences of spatial inequality and barriers/aid to development. - Students are advised to form study groups and start reviewing old notes and outlines to prepare for the exam which will include multiple choice and free response questions.

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342 views

AP Human Geography Unit 5 Study Guide

This study guide outlines the key topics and concepts to review for the AP Human Geography Unit 5 exam, including: - The origins and diffusion of industrialization, focusing on factors that led to its beginning in Britain and the shift to new manufacturing belts. - Metrics and theories of economic development, including models like modernization and dependency theories. - Causes and consequences of spatial inequality and barriers/aid to development. - Students are advised to form study groups and start reviewing old notes and outlines to prepare for the exam which will include multiple choice and free response questions.

Uploaded by

api-320021368
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AP Human Geography

Unit 5 Study Guide

Use this study guide as a manual for your study process.


Point Value __________________________________________________________________________
38 points
Format_______________________________________________________________________________
30 Objective questions: multiple choice (20 minutes)
1 Free Response question (25 minutes)
Topic Guide__________________________________________________________________________
Industrialization
o Origins of Industrialization
Why the Industrial Revolution Began in Britain
Political Factors
o Stability
o Enclosure Movement
Economic Factors
o Capital Flows from the Colonies
Social Factors
o Monopoly on Great Inventors and Innovators
Physical/Geographic Factors
o Resources-Timber, especially coal
o Access to transportation-Rivers, ports
o Location Theories
Webers Least Cost Theory-highly dependent on transportation costs
Labor Costs
Agglomeration
Transportation
o Material-oriented goods
o Market-oriented goods
Hotellings Model
Lschs Model
o Diffusion of Industry
Old Manufacturing Belts-Know the main determinants of manufacturing pre-1950
North America-US and Canada
Western and Central Europe
Soviet Union
East Asia
Difference between Fordist and post-Fordist production
Factors Causing a Change to Manufacturing Belts Today
Transportation and Telecommunication Innovation Leads to Time-space
Compression
The main determinant of industrial location today is labor costs
o Changes Caused by the New Spatial Diffusion of Industry
Old Manufacturing Belts
High Tech Corridors/Technopoles
Deindustrialization

New Manufacturing Belts


Rising Economic Growth
Gaps in Income
Labor Conditions-Compare to experiences in older manufacturing belt, e.g.
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire v. Rana Plaza Collapse.
Economic Development
o Metrics of Development
Know what is measured when using various metrics of development such as, but not
limited to
GDP
GNI
GDP per capita
Occupational Structure of the Labor Force
Transportation and Telecommunications Facilities Per Person
Be able to explain the UN Human Development Index (HDI) and Millennium Development
Goals
Three Dimensions
o Health
o Education
o Living Standards
Four Indicators
o Life Expectancy at Birth
o Mean years of schooling
o Expected years of schooling
o Gross National Income per capita
o Models of Development
Know the arguments for and against each of the following theories
Modernization Theory
Dependency Theory
World-Systems Theory
o Spatial Inequality
Definition: An unequal distribution of wealth or resources over a geographic area
Gini Coefficient
Definition: Measure of income inequality in a region
0<G<1, the closer the coefficient is to 1, the greater the level of income inequality.

Kuznets Curve: income inequality grows with economic development, but fall as
a nation reaches higher levels of development.
Barriers to Economic Development
Political Stability and National Security
Disease
Lack of Education
Natural Disasters
Foreign Debt
Consequences of Economic Development
Environmental Degradation and Pollution
Zones of Development/Uneven Development
Demographic Shifts

Aid

Know the three types of aid and the differences between them
Humanitarian/emergency aid
Charity-based aid
Systematic aid
Know the history of aid
1940s and 1950s
o Reconstructing Europe
o Multilateral aid agencies like the World Bank and IMF
1960s and 1970s
o The Cold War
1980s
o Return to Accountability
o Structural Adjustment Programs
1990s and 2000s
o Rock and Roll philanthropy
Know the limitations of aid and some of the necessary qualities for a good aid program
from Amartya Sen.
Foreign Investment
Know Dambisa Moyos criticism of aid and support for investment programs
A Third Way?
Know Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iwealas argument in favor of both aid and trade
Know the following terms:
Chicken-and-the-egg paradox
Resource Curse
Economic Leakage
Capital Flight
Micro-lending

o
o

Suggestions for studying_______________________________________________________________


Start now
Look over old notes
Form a study group! You can work with anyone from this class and study together. Choose a
comfortable meeting spot and DIVIDE and CONQUER the information. Quiz each other, make outlines,
make flashcards, check IDs.

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