1844-1923
Flag
1882, Design of coat of
arms
The Ottoman Empire
By Abhishek Mukherjee
The Rise of the Ottoman Empire
The Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army (Roman Empire in the east)
and occupied Anatolia (present-day Turkey) in 11 th century
The last part of the Byzantine Empire was captured in 1453, when the
Ottomans captured Constantinople (Istanbul)
Founded by Osman 1, a great warrior and Sultan- lasted 600 years !
-Peak of power in the 16th century; empire spanning Europe, Asia and Middle
East
The
Ottoman
empire
extended
from the
gates of
Vienna in
Europe to
the Arabian
Peninsula
to as far as
Western
Algeria in
Africa
Government
Government:
The government of the Ottoman empire was monarchy
The Sultan was the head of the government and he had supreme
power
He had a council of ministers to advise him (Who made up the council)
It had 2 divisions, civil and military
Legal System:
They had separate laws for Muslims (Sharia) and secular legal
systems for non-muslims
Trade and Economy
The Ottoman Empires main source of money was conquering
neighbouring countries and agriculture
They also gave importance to trade and commerce
They mainly sold animal and wool products
They mainly bought wheat and lumber from Mediterranean countries
and spices from the Persian countries
Trade and economy
They controlled the spice trade as they are at the border of the east and
the west
Then in 1498, Vasco da Gama discovered the sea route to India reducing
the importance of the Ottoman Empire
Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492
Thus, Europe started becoming more powerful than the Ottomans in terms
of trade and commerce
Due to wars in 18th and 19th century, trade and economy started failing
Art
Jewelry was common in the Ottoman Empire
Many people worked to make one painting
Colors were made from egg-white and diluted gum
Colors used were mainly red, green and different shades of
blue
They usually showed pictures of books they were in
Currency
The Ottoman empire used the Kurus as the main unit of currency till 1844
Then the Empire used switched to the Ottoman Lira
100 Kurus=1 Ottoman Lira
Today, 1 Turkish Lira=100 Kurus
Time of Religious Tolerance, Promotion
of Culture
Religious Tolerance
The Ottomans were mainly Muslims.
They allowed other people such as Jews and Christans to follow their
religions
This helped them integrate other countries peacefully
Food The Ottoman Empire has impacted the food and cuisine in the west,
Europe and Mediterranean countries
Ottoman cuisine such as Kebab and rice pilaff are popular till today
Science
Advanced in science mainly in astronomy and geography
Built an observatory in Istanbul in the 15th century
Prominent Ottoman geographer-Muhiddin Piri Reis
In the court of Suleiman the Magnificent
He made a map of the world in the 16th century
Language and Literature
Language
The language was mainly Ottoman Turkish, a variation of
Turkish
Other minority languages could be used
Ottoman Turkish was required to speak with the government
Literature
The oldest form of literature were epics, such as Kitab-i
Dede Korkut
Poetry was a popular form of literature
Sufi poetry is well known branch of literature
Two forms of Ottoman poetry were Gazels and Kasides
Ghazels were rhyming couplets about love
Architecture
The Architecture was based on Persian, Byzantine, Seljuk and Islamic
Mamluk architecture
In the 16th century, the Ottoman architecture reached its height
Social Hierarchy
The social hierarchy began from the Sultan who was the most powerful
Fun Facts
The leader of the Ottoman empire was given the title Sultan
The queen mother or valide was often the most important person in the
Sultanate.
The new Sultan would be the eldest son of the current Sultan
Often a new Sultan would put all of his brothers in prison.
If the new Sultan had a son, he would execute his brothers, he didnt
want his son to have any competition
How The Empire ended
The Empire was collapsing during the 19th century due to War and
rise of Nationalism
War
Egypt was taken by Napoleon, the emperor of France in 1798
They lost a war against Russia and Serbia, Romania and Montenegro
gained independence
In World War I, the Ottoman Empire was on the side of Germany under
Enver Pasha (military leader)
Turkey lost the war, further weakening the economy and region
Nationalism
The Young Turks revolted against the sultan Abdul Hamid
They wanted a modern Turkey
How The Empire ended
In 1923, Kemal Atatrk led a war of
independence against Allied forces
He formed a new nation based on
modern principles of secularism,
education and economic reform
Quiz
Name a Sultan
When did the Ottoman Empire finally collapse?
Who was the most powerful person in the empire?
15
Acknowledgements
Ms Madhu and Ms Flona
My parents
Ms Priti
The language teachers
Bibliography
Site
Date
Time
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Date
Time
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original
Books-Bibliography
Name
Publishe Author
r
Edition
Complete History
of the world
Collins
2009, India
Richard Overy and
many others
