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Protein Synthesis

The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis. DNA contains genetic instructions that are copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. The mRNA is then transported to the cytoplasm where ribosomes use its codon sequences to assemble amino acids into proteins according to the DNA's instructions. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules match their anticodons to mRNA codons and deliver the corresponding amino acids for protein construction.

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37 views

Protein Synthesis

The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis. DNA contains genetic instructions that are copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. The mRNA is then transported to the cytoplasm where ribosomes use its codon sequences to assemble amino acids into proteins according to the DNA's instructions. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules match their anticodons to mRNA codons and deliver the corresponding amino acids for protein construction.

Uploaded by

api-26334461
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Protein Synthesis

1
DNA

 DNA carries the genetic information


in form of coded instructions
making cell proteins

2
Proteins

 Proteinsthat are built according to


the coded instructions in DNA
determine traits
 The code is the order in which
nitrogen bases appear on the DNA

3
Protein Synthesis

 the production of proteins (long


chains of amino acids) is called
protein synthesis
 Protein synthesis takes place on the
ribosomes located in the cytoplasm

4
DNA

 The DNA does not leave the nucleus


so the instructions must be copied
onto a messenger that brings the
code from the nucleus to the
ribosomes.
 The nucleic acid that is responsible
for this is RNA

5
RNA

 RNA consists of a single chain of


nucleotides
 Each nucleotide contains a 5-carbon
sugar (ribose), a phosphate group,
and one of the following nitrogen
bases:
 Guanine
 Adenine
 Cytosine
 URACIL 6
3 Types of RNA

 There are 3 main types of RNA:


 mRNA (messenger RNA)
 rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
 tRNA (transfer RNA)

7
Differences between RNA
and DNA
RNA DNA
One strand Two strands
Ribose Sugar Deoxyribose Sugar
Uracil Thymine
Leaves the Nucleus Stays in the Nucleus

8
Transcription

 The
process of transferring the
genetic information from DNA to
mRNA is called TRANSCRIPTION

9
Translation

 Theprocess that decodes mRNA into


a protein is known as TRANSLATION

10
CODONS

 RNA instructions
on mRNA are
written as a
series of 3-
nucleotide
sequences
(triplet) called
CODONS

11
Anticodons

 tRNA carries amino acids and


contains 3 complimentary base
pairs to mRNA called ANTICODONS

12
What each codon means

 Eachcodon corresponds to an amino


acid or signifies a stop or start
signal for transcription

13
Codon Table

14
Codon Table

15

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