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Algebra 2 Answer Key PDF

Answer Key Transparencies Provides transparencies with answers for each lesson in the Student Edition. Answers should include the following. Nurses use formulas to calculate a drug dosage given a supply dosage and a doctor's drug order. If a formula used in a nursing setting is applied incorrectly, a patient could die.

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Dino Jajcanin
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
67% found this document useful (6 votes)
17K views411 pages

Algebra 2 Answer Key PDF

Answer Key Transparencies Provides transparencies with answers for each lesson in the Student Edition. Answers should include the following. Nurses use formulas to calculate a drug dosage given a supply dosage and a doctor's drug order. If a formula used in a nursing setting is applied incorrectly, a patient could die.

Uploaded by

Dino Jajcanin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 411

Answer Key

Transparencies
Provides transparencies with
answers for each lesson in
the Student Edition

ISBN 0-07-828001-X

90000

9 780078 280016

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Chapter 1 Solving Equations and Inequalities


Lesson 1-1 Expressions and Formulas
Pages 810
1. First, find the sum of c and
d. Divide this sum by e.
Multiply the quotient by b.
Finally, add a.

2. Sample answer:

3. b; The sum of the cost of


adult and children tickets
should be subtracted from
50. Therefore, parentheses
need to be inserted around
this sum to insure that this
addition is done before
subtraction.

4. 72

5. 6

6. 23

7. 1

8. !2

9. 119

10. 0

11. !23

12. 18

13. $432

14. $1875

15. $1162.50

16. 20

17. 3

18. 29

19. 25

20. 54

21. !34

22. 19

23. 5

24. 11

25. !31

26. 7

27. 14

28. !15

29. !3

30. !52

31. 162

32. 15.3

33. 2.56

34. !7

35. 25

1
3

36. about 1.8 lb

37. 31.25 drops per min

38. 3.4

39. 2

40. 45

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

14 ! 4
5

Algebra 2

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41. !4.2

42. 5.3

43. !4

44. 75

45. 1.4

46. !4

47. !8

48. 36.01

49. 2

y$5 2
b
2

1
6

50. & a

51. !16

52. 30

53. $8266.03

54. 400 ft

55. Sample answer:


4!4$4"4#1
4"4$4"4#2
14 $ 4 $ 42 " 4 # 3
4 % 14 ! 42 $ 4 # 4
14 % 4 $ 42 " 4 # 5
14 $ 42 " 4 $ 4 # 6
44 " 4 ! 4 # 7
14 $ 42 % 14 " 42 # 8
4$4$4"4#9
144 ! 42 " 4 # 10

56. Nurses use formulas to


calculate a drug dosage
given a supply dosage and a
doctors drug order. They
also use formulas to
calculate IV flow rates.
Answers should include the
following.
A table of IV flow rates is
limited to those situations
listed, while a formula can
be used to find any IV flow
rate.
If a formula used in a
nursing setting is applied
incorrectly, a patient could
die.

57. C

58. D

59. 3

60. 4

61. 10

62. 13

63. !2

64. !5

65.

2
3

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

66.

6
7

Algebra 2

Chapter 1

PQ245-6457F-PO1[001-019].qxd

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12:19 PM

Lesson 1-2
1a.
1b.
1c.
1d.
1e.
1f.

Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample

Page 3 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-01:

Properties of Real Numbers


Pages 1418
2. A rational number is the ratio
of two integers. Since 13 is
13
not an integer,
is not a
2
rational number.

answer: 2
answer: $5
answer: !11
answer: 1.3
answer: 12
answer: !1.3

3. 0; Zero does not have a


multiplicative inverse since
is undefined.

4. Z, Q, R

1
0

5. N, W, Z, Q, R

6. Q, R

7. Multiplicative Identity

8. Associative Property ($)


1
8

10. 8, !

9. Additive Identity
1
3

2
3

11. ! , 3

12. !1.5,

13. !2x $ 4y

14. 13p

15. 3c $ 18d

16. !17a ! 1

17. 1.5(10 $ 15 $ 12 $ 8 $
19 $ 22 $ 31) or 1.5(10) $
1.5(15) $ 1.5(12) $ 1.5(8) $
1.5(19) $ 1.5(22) $ 1.5(31)

18. $175.50

19. W, Z, Q, R

20. Q, R

21. N, W, Z, Q, R

22. Q, R

23. I, R

24. Z, Q, R

25. N, W, Z, Q, R

26. I, R

27. Q, R; 2.4, 2.49, 2.49, 2.49, 2.9

28. Additive Inverse

29. Associative Property (%)

30. Additive Identity

31. Associative Property ($)

32. Commutative Property ($)

33. Multiplicative Inverse

34. Distributive

35. Multiplicative Identity

36. 0

37. !m; Additive Inverse

38.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1
;
m

Multiplicative Inverse
Algebra 2

Chapter 1

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39. 1

40. natural numbers

41. 12 units

42. The square root of 2 is


irrational and therefore
cannot be described by a
natural number.

1
10

43. 10; !

44. !2.5; 0.4

45. 0.125; !8

46.

5
;
8

3
5

4 3
3 4

8
5
5
23

47. ! ,

48. 4 , !

49. 3a ! 2b

50. 10x $ 2y

51. 40x ! 7y

52. 11m $ 10a

53. !12r $ 4t

54. 32c ! 46d

55. !3.4m $ 1.8n

56. 4.4p ! 2.9q

57. !8 $ 9y

58.

59. true

60. false; !3

61. false; 6

62. true

63. 6.5(4.5 $ 4.25 $ 5.25 $


6.5 $ 5) or 6.5(4.5) $
6.5(4.25) $ (6.5)5.25 $
6.5(6.5) $ 6.5(5)

64. 3.6; $327.60

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

9
x
10

19
y
6

Algebra 2

Chapter 1

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4

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1
8

65. 3 a2 b $ 2 a1 b

66. 50(47 $ 47); 50(47) $ 50(47)

1
4

1
8
Def. of a mixed number
1
1
3 122 $ 3 a b $ 2 112 $ 2 a b
4
8
Distributive
3
1
6$ $2$
Multiply.
4
4

# 3 a2 $ b $ 2 a1 $ b
#
#

3
1
$
4
4
3
1
#8$ $
4
4
1
3
#8$a $ b
4
4

Comm. ($)

# 8 $ 1 or 9

Add.

#6$2$

Add.
Assoc. ($)

67. 4700 ft2

68. $113(0.36 $ 0.19);


$113(0.36) $ $113(0.19)

69. $62.15

70. Yes;
# $ # 7;dividing
2
2
2
by a number is the same as
multiplying by its reciprocal.

71. Answers should include the


following.
Instead of doubling each
coupon value and then
adding these values
together, the Distributive
Property could be applied
allowing you to add the
coupon values first and
then double the sum.

72. B

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

6$8

Algebra 2

Chapter 1

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If a store had a 25% off


sale on all merchandise,
the Distributive Property
could be used to calculate
these savings. For
example, the savings on a
$15 shirt, $40 pair of
jeans, and $25 pair of
slacks could be calculated
as 0.25(15) $ 0.25(40) $
0.25(25) or as 0.25(15 $
40 $ 25) using the
Distributive Property.
73. C

74. true

75. False; 0 ! 1 # !1, which is


not a whole number.

76. true

2
3

77. False; 2 " 3 # , which is not

78. 9

a whole number.
79. 6

80. !5

81. !2.75

82. 358 in2

83. !11

84.

85. !4.3

86. 36

7
10

Chapter 1
Practice Quiz 1
Page 18
1. 14

2. !9

3. 6

4. !1

5. 2 amperes

6. Q, R

7. N, W, Z, Q, R

8. Additive Inverse

6 7
7 6

9. ! ,

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

10. 50x ! 64y

Algebra 2

Chapter 1

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Lesson 1-3 Solving Equations


Pages 2427
1. Sample answer: 2x # !14

2. Sometimes true; only when


the expression you are
dividing by does not equal
zero.

3. Jamal; his method can be


confirmed by solving the
equation using an alternative
method.

4. 5 $ 4n

C#
C#
C$
9
cC
5

5
1322
9
5
1322 d
9

9
C
5

5
1F ! 322
9
5
5
F ! 1322
9
9
5
F
9

#F

$ 32 # F

5. 2n ! n3

6. Sample answer: 9 times a


number decreased by 3 is 6.

7. Sample answer: 5 plus


3 times the square of a
number is twice that number.

8. Reflexive Property of
Equality
10. !21

9. Addition Property of Equality


11. 14

12. !4

13. !4.8

14. 1.5

15. 16

16. y #

17. p #

I
rt

9 $ 2n
4

18. D

19. 5 $ 3n

20. 10n $ 7

21. n 2 ! 4

22. !6n3

23. 519 $ n2

24. 21n $ 82

25.

26. 1n ! 72 3

n 2
b
4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Algebra 2

Chapter 1

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28. 2&r 1h $ r 2

27. 2&rh $ 2&r 2


29. Sample answer: 5 less than
a number is 12.

30. Sample answer: Twice a


number plus 3 is !1.

31. Sample answer: A number


squared is equal to 4 times
the number.

32. Sample answer: Three times


the cube of a number is
equal to the number plus 4.

33. Sample answer: A number


divided by 4 is equal to twice
the sum of that number and 1.

34. Sample answer: 7 minus half


a number is equal to 3
divided by the square of x.

35. Substitution Property (#)

36. Subtraction Property (#)

37. Transitive Property (#)

38. Addition Property (#)

39. Symmetric Property (#)

40. Multiplication Property (#)

41. 7

42. 8

43. 3.2

44. 2.5

45.

3
4

1
12

46. !

47. !8

48. !11

49. !7

50.

51. 1

52. !12

53.

1
4

55. !

2
3

54. 19
10
17

55
2

56.

#r

58. a #

57.

d
t

59.

3V
&r 2

#h

61. b #

x 1c ! 32
a

$2

!b
2x

60.

2A
h

62.

4x
1!x

!a#b
#y

63. n # number of games;


2(1.50) $ n(2.50) # 16.75; 5

64. s # length of a side; 8s #


124, 15.5 in.

65. x # cost of gasoline per mile;


972 $ 114 $ 105 $ 7600x #
1837; 8.5/mi

66. n # number of students that


can attend each meeting;
2n $ 3 # 83; 40 students

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Algebra 2

Chapter 1

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Page 9 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-01:

67. a # Chun-Weis age; a $


(2a $ 8) $ (2a $ 8 $ 3) # 94;
Chun-Wei: 15 yrs old, mother:
38 yrs old, father: 41 yrs old

68. c # cost per student;


50
50130 ! c2 $ 1452 #
5
1800; $3

69. n # number of lamps broken;


12(125) ! 45n # 1365;
3 lamps

70. h # height of can A;

71. 15.1 mi/month

72. Central: 690 mi.; Union:


1085 mi

73. The Central Pacific had to


lay their track through the
Rocky Mountains, while the
Union Pacific mainly built
track over flat prairie.

74. $295

75. the product of 3 and the


difference of a number and 5
added to the product of four
times the number and the
sum of the number and 1

76. To find the most effective


level of intensity for your
workout, you need to use
your age and 10-second
pulse count. You must also
be able to solve the formula
given for A. Answers should
include the following.
Substitute 0.80 for I and
27 for P in the formula
I # 6 % P " 1220 ! A2 and
solve for A. To solve this
equation, divide the
product of 6 and 28 by 0.8.
Then subtract 220 and
divide by !1. The result is
17.5. This means that this
1
person is 17 years old.

&11.22 2h # &122 23; 8 units


1
3

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Algebra 2

Chapter 1

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To find the intensity level for


different values of A and P
would require solving a new
equation but using the
same steps as described
above. Solving for A would
mean that for future
calculations of A you would
only need to simplify an
expression, 220 !

6P
,
I

rather

than solve an equation.


77. B

78. D

79. !6x $ 8y $ 4z

80. 11a $ 8b

81. 6.6

82. 7.44

83. 105 cm2

84. !5

85. 3

86. !2.5
1
4

87. !

88. 3x

89. !5 $ 6y

Lesson 1-4

Solving Absolute Value Equations


Pages 3032

1. 0 a 0 # !a when a is a
negative number and the
negative of a negative
number is positive.

2a. 0 x 0 # 4
2b. 0 x ! 6 0 # 2
4. Sample answer: 0 4 ! 6 0 ; 2

3. Always; since the opposite of


0 is still 0, this equation has
only one case, ax $ b # 0.
The solution is

!b
.
a

6. 9

5. 8

8. 5!21, 136

7. !17

10. 5!11, 296

9. 5!18, !126

11. 5!32, 366


Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

12. '
10

Algebra 2

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Page 11 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-01:

13. 586

14. 0 x ! 160 0 # 2

17. 15

18. 24

19. 0

20. 4

21. 3

22. 13

23. !4

24. !7.8

25. !9.4

26. 5

27. 55

28. !22

16. 162(F; This would ensure a


minimum internal
temperature of 160(F.

15. least: 158(F; greatest: 162(F

29. {8, 42}

30. 512, !306

33. 5!2, 166

34.

32. 5!28, 206

31. 5!45, 216

35.

3
e f
2

37.

e 2,

e 2,

16
f
3

36. '
38. 5!4, !16

9
f
2

39. '

40. '

41. {!5, 11}

42. {3, 15}

43.

11
e! ,
3

!3 f

44.

5
f
3

46. 5!46

45. {8}

48. 0 x ! 16 0 # 0.3; heaviest:


16.3 oz, lightest: 15.7 oz

47. 0 x ! 200 0 # 5; maximum:


205(F; minimum: 195(F
49. 0 x ! 13 0 # 5; maximum:
18 km, minimum: 8 km

50. sometimes; true only if a ) 0


and b ) 0 or if a * 0 and
b*0
52. Answers should include the
following.
This equation needs to
show that the difference of
the estimate E from the
originally stated magnitude
of 6.1 could be plus 0.3 or

51. sometimes; true only if c ) 0

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

e 3,

11

Algebra 2

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minus 0.3, as shown in


the graph below. Instead
of writing two equations,
E ! 6.1 # 0.3 and
E ! 6.1 # !0.3, absolute
value symbols can be
used to account for both
possibilities,
0 E ! 6.1 0 # 0.3.
0.3 units

5.6

5.8

5.9

6.0

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.7

Using an original
magnitude of 5.9, the
equation to represent the
estimated extremes would
be 0 E ! 5.9 0 # 0.3.

54. A

53. B

55. 0 x $ 1 0 $ 2 # x $ 4;
0 x $ 1 0 $ 2 # !1x $ 42

56. x $ 1 $ 2 # x $ 4;
!x ! 1 $ 2 # x $ 4;
x $ 1 $ 2 # !x ! 4;
!x ! 1 $ 2 # !x ! 4

57. 5!1.56

58. 8
60. 5n 2

59. 21n ! 112


61.

5.7

0.3 units

16
3

62. !2

63. 14

64. Commutative Property ($)

65. Distributive Property

66. Multiplicative Inverse

67. Additive Identity

68. false; 23

69. true

70. true

71. false; 1.2

72.

73. 364 ft2

74. 2

75. 8

76. !2

77.

2
3

1
1x
2

$ 321x $ 52

78. 6
3
4

79. !

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

12

Algebra 2

Chapter 1

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Lesson 1-5 Solving Inequalities


Pages 3739
1. Dividing by a number is the
same as multiplying by its
inverse.

2. Sample answer: !2n - !6


4. 5a 0 a , 1.56 or 1!+, 1.52

3. Sample answer:
x$2,x$1

!2

5
3

!10

9. 5p 0 p - 156 or 115, $+2

!6

26

!6

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

!5

!4

!3

!4

!2

18. 5d 0 d - !86 or 1!8, $+2


!10

28

!8

!6

!4

!2

20. 5p 0 p * !36 or 1!+, !34

30

!6

21. 5k 0 k ) !3.56 or 3!3.5, $+2


!7

!6

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

!4

19. 5g 0 g * 276 or 1!+, 274


24

!8

16. 5b 0 b * 186 or 1!+, 184

!1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

22

14. at least 92

17. 5x 0 x , 76 or 1!+, 72

20

15. 5n 0 n ) !116 or 3!11, $ +2


!8

12. 12n - 36; n - 3

13. 2n ! 3 * 5; n * 4

!14 !12 !10

!30 !28 !26 !24 !22 !20

11. all real numbers or 1!+, $+2


!2

10. 5n 0 n * !246 or 1!+, !244

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

!4

8. 5w 0 w , !76 or 1!+, !72

!1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

!6

!2

7. 5y 0 y - 66 or 16, $+2

6. 5c 0 c ) 36 or 33, $+2

5
3

5. e x ` x * f or a!+, d f
0

!1

!4

!2

22. 5y 0 y , 56 or 1!+, 52

!2

!4

13

!2

Algebra 2

Chapter 1

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23. 5m 0 m - !46 or 1!4, $+2


!6

!4

!2

2
3

!2

0.5

1.5

!2

2.5

!7

20

!2

!4

!2

1
20

or a! , $+b

!1 ! 3 ! 1
4

20

1
20

20

2.0

2.2

2.4

5
7

2.6

2.8

5
7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 11

1
5

3
5

!6

!4

!2

3
2

!4

!2

!4

!3

!2

!1

40. no more than 14 rides

41. n $ 8 - 2; n - !6

42. !4n ) 35; n * !8.75

1
n
2

3
2

39. at least 25 h
43.

7 7

38. e n ` n * ! f or a!+, ! d

37. '
!6

7 7

36. 5p 0 p - 06 or 10, $+2

1
5

35. e y ` y , f or a!+, b
1
5

3.0

34. e a ` a ) f or c , $+b
7 7 7 7 7 7

3
5

3
20

32. 5z 0 z - 2.66 or 12.6, $ +2

1
5

!20 !18 !16 !14 !12 !10

33. 5g 0 g , 26 or 1!+, 22
!6

30. 5c 0 c - !186 or 1!18, $+2

31. 5d 0 d ) !56 or 3!5, $+2


!4

1
f
20

!286 !284 !282 !280 !278 !276

!6

28. ew ` w - !

29. 5x 0 x , !2796 or 1!+, !2792

!8

26. 5r 0 r * 66 or 1!+, 64

27. 5n 0 n ) 1.756 or 31.75, $+2


0

!1

25. 5t 0 t * 06 or 1!+, 0 4
!4

2
3

24. e b ` b ) f or c $+b

44. !3n $ 1 , 16; n - !5

! 7 ) 5; n ) 24

n
2

46. n ! 9 * ; n * 18

45. 21n $ 52 * 3n $ 11; n ) !1


17

47. 217m2 ) 17; m ) , at least


14
2 child-care staff members
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

48. $24,000 $ 0.015130,500n2 )


40,000
14

Algebra 2

Chapter 1

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85 $ 91 $ 89 $ 94 $ s
5

49. n ) 34.97; She must sell at


least 35 cars.

50.

51. s ) 91; Ahmik must score at


least 91 on her next test to
have an A test average.

52a. It holds only for * or ); 2 ! 2.


52b. 1 , 2 but 2 . 1
52c. For all real numbers a, b,
and c, if a , b and b , c
then a , c.

53. Answers should include the


following.
150 , 400
Let n equal the number of
minutes used. Write an
expression representing the
cost of Plan 1 and for Plan
2 for n minutes. The cost
for Plan 1 would include a
$35 monthly access fee
plus 40 for each minute
over 150 minutes or
35 $ 0.41n ! 1502. The
cost for Plan 2 for 400
minutes or less would be
$55. To find where Plan 2
would cost less than Plan
1 solve 55 , 35 $
0.41n ! 1502 for n. The
solution set is 5n 0 n - 2006,
which means that for more
than 200 minutes of calls,
Plan 2 is cheaper.

54. D

55. D

56. x - !3

57. x ) !2

58. x ) !1

59. 5!14, 206

60.

) 90

5 11
e! ,
f
4 4

61. '

62. b # online browsers each


year; 6b $ 19.2 # 106.6;
about 14.6 million online
browsers each year

63. N, W, Z, Q, R

64. Q, R

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

15

Algebra 2

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Page 16 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-01:

65. I, R

66. 4.25(5.5 $ 8); 4.25(5.5) $


4.25(8)

67. 5!7, 76
69.

e 4,

68. 513, !236


70. 511, 256

4
f
5

71. 5!11, !16

72. 5!18, 106

Chapter 1
Practice Quiz 2
Page 39
2s
t2

1. 0.5

2.

3. 14

4. e! , 5 f

#g
19
3

4
9

4
9

5. e m ` m - f or a , $ +b
!2
9

2
9

4
9

2
3

8
1
9

Lesson 1-6 Solving Compound and


Absolute Value Inequalities
Pages 4346
1. 5 * c * 15

2. Sample answer: x , !3 and


x-2
4. 0 n 0 , 8

3. Sabrina; an absolute value


inequality of the form 0 a 0 - b
should be rewritten as an or
compound inequality, a - b
or a , b.

!12

5. 0 n 0 - 3
!6

!4

7. 0 n 0 , 2

!2

!4

6. 0 n 0 ) 4

8. 5y 0 y - 4 or y , !16
!4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

!8

16

!2

4
Algebra 2

6
Chapter 1

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12:19 PM

Page 17 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-01:

9. 5d 0 !2 , d , 36
!4

!2

10. 5a 0 a ) 5 or a * !56
2

11. 5g 0 !13 * g * 56
!16 !12

!8

!4

!8

12

14. 55 *
* 60; 343.75 * c *
6.25
375; between $343.75 and
$375

16. 0 n 0 , 7

!8

!4

12

!4

!2

!8

!4

12

17. 0 n 0 , 4
19. 0 n 0 - 8
21. 0 n 0 - 1

12

!8

!4

12

!1.4 !1.2

1.2

1.4

1.6

24. 0 n 0 , 6

29. 5x 0 !2 , x , 46
0

31. 5f 0 !7 , f , !56

26. 0 n ! 1 0 * 3

28. 5t 0 1 , t , 36
8

12

!4

!2

32. all real numbers

!8

!6

!4

!2

!8

!4

12

!4

!2

33. 5g 0 !9 * g * 96

!2

30. 5c 0 c , !2 or c ) 16

!10

!4

!2

34. 5m 0 m ) 4 or m * !46
!4

!2

!8

!4

12

36. 5y 0 !7 , y , 76

35. '

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

22. 0 n 0 * 5

27. 5p 0 p * 2 or p ) 86

!2

!4

20. 0 n 0 * 1.2

25. 0 n $ 1 0 - 1

!4

!8

18. 0 n 0 ) 6

23. 0 n 0 ) 1.5

!4

!2

15. 0 n 0 ) 5

!8

!2

12. 5k 0 !3 , k , 76

13. all real numbers


!4

!4

17

Algebra 2

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Page 18 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-01:

38. 5r 0 !3 , r , 46

37. 5b 0 b - 10 or b , !26
0

!4

12

16

7
3

39. e w ` ! * w * 1 f
!2

43.

!2

en ` n

!4

!2

42. 5n 0 n ) 06

41. all real numbers


!4

!2

40. '

!1

!4

!4

!2

44. 5n 0 n - 1.56

7
f
2
2

!2

45. 6.8 , x , 7.4

!1

46. 45 * s * 65

47. 45 * s * 55

48. 0 t ! 98.6 0 ) 8; 5b 0 b - 106.6


or b , 90.66

49. 108 in. , L $ D * 130 in.

50. 84 in. , L * 106 in.

51. a $ b - c, a $ c - b,
b$c-a

52. a ! b , c , a $ b

53a.
!4

!2

!4

!2

!4

!2

53b.
53c.

54. Compound inequalities can


be used to describe the
acceptable time frame for the
fasting state before a glucose
tolerance test is administered
to a patient suspected of
having diabetes. Answers
should include the following.
Use the word and when
both inequalities must be
satisfied. Use the word or
when only one or the
other of the inequalities
must be satisfied.
10 * h * 16

53d. 3 , 0 x $ 2 0 * 8 can be
rewritten as 0 x $ 2 0 - 3 and
0 x $ 2 0 * 8. The solution of
0 x $ 2 0 - 3 is x - 1 or
x , !5. The solution of
0 x $ 2 0 ) 8 is !10 * x * 6.
Therefore, the union of these
two sets is 1x - 1 or x , !52

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

18

Algebra 2

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Page 19 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-01:

and 1!10 * x * 6). The union


of the graph of x - 1 or
x , !5 and the graph of
!10 * x * 6 is shown
below. From this we can see
that solution can be rewritten
as 1!10 * x , !52 or
11 , x * 62.
!12

!8

!4

12 hours would be an
acceptable fasting state for
this test since it is part of
the solution set of 10 * h
* 16, as indicated on the
graph below.
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

55. x - !5 or x , !6

56. D

57.

58. 2 , x , 3

59. 15x $ 2 ) 32 or
15x $ 2 * !32; 5x 0 x ) 0.2 or
x * !16

60. abs12x ! 62 - 10;


5x " x , !2 or x - 86

61. d ) !6 or 3!6, !+2


!8

!6

!4

!2

63. n , !1 or 1!+, !12


!4

!2

62. x , 4 or 1!+, 42

!4

!2

64. 0 x ! 587 0 # 5; highest: 592


keys, lowest: 582 keys

66. 5!11, 46

65. {!10, 16}

68. Addition Property of Equality

67. '
69. Symmetric Property (#)

70. Transitive Property of Equality

71. 3a $ 7b

72. !2m ! 7n ! 18

73. 2

74. 92

75. !7

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

19

Algebra 2

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12:22 PM

Page 20 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

Chapter 2 Linear Relations and Functions


Lesson 2-1 Relations and Functions
Pages 6062
2. Sample answer:

1. Sample answer: {(!4, 3),


(!2, 3), (1, 5), (!2, 1)}

3. Molly; to find g(2a), replace


x with 2a. Teisha found
2g(a), not g(2a).

4. yes

5. yes

6. no

7. D " {7}, R " {!1, 2, 5, 8}, no

8. D " {3, 4, 6}, R " {2.5}, yes


y

(7, 8)

(7, 5)

(4, 2.5)
(3, 2.5)

(7, 2)

O
O

(7, "1)

(6, 2.5)

10. D " 5x 0 x # 06,


R " all reals, no

9. D " all reals,


R " all reals, yes

x ! y2
O

y ! "2x # 1

12. !7

11. 10

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

20

Algebra 2

Chapter 2

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Page 21 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

13. D " {70, 72, 88},


R " {95, 97, 105, 114}

14. {(88, 97), (70, 114), (88, 95),


(72, 105)}

15. Record High Temperatures

16. No; the domain value 88 is


paired with two range values.

115

July

110
105
100
95
0

70
80
January

90

17. yes

18. no

19. no

20. yes

21. yes

22. no

23. D " {!3, 1, 2},


R " {0, 1, 5}; yes

24. D " {3, 4, 6}, R " {5}; yes


y

(3, 5) (4, 5)

(1, 5)

(6, 5)

(2, 1)

("3, 0)

26. D " {3, 4, 5, 6},


R " {3, 4, 5, 6}; yes

25. D " {!2, 3}, R " {5, 7, 8}; no


("2, 8)

(3, 7)

y
(5, 6)
(3, 4)

("2, 5)

(6, 5)

(4, 3)
O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

21

Algebra 2

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Page 22 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

27. D " {!3.6, 0, 1.4, 2},


R " {!3, !1.1, 2, 8}; yes

28. D " {!2.5, !1, 0},


R " {!1, 1}; no
y

y
("3.6, 8)

("2.5, 1) ("1, 1)
(0, 1)

O
("1, "1)

(1.4, 2)

x
O
(0, "1.1)
(2, "3)

30. D " all reals,


R " all reals; yes

29. D " all reals,


R " all reals; yes

y ! 3x
x

y ! "5x

31. D " all reals,


R " all reals; yes

32. D " all reals,


R " all reals; yes
y

O
O

y ! 7x " 6

y ! 3x " 4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

22

Algebra 2

Chapter 2

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12:22 PM

Page 23 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

34. D " 5x 0 x # !36,


R " all reals; no

33. D " all reals,


R " 5y 0 y # 06, yes
y

y!x

x ! 2y 2 " 3

36. D " {47, 48, 52, 56},


R " {145, 147, 148, 157, 165}

35.
American League Leaders
170
165
RBI

160
155
150
145
140
0

48

50

52

54

56

HR

37. No; the domain value 56 is


paired with two different
range values.

38. {(1997, 39), (1998, 43),


(1999, 48), (2000, 55),
(2001, 61), (2002, 52)}

39.

40. D " {1997, 1998, 1999,


2000, 2001, 2002},
R " {39, 43, 48, 52, 55, 61}

70

Stock Price

60
Price ($)

50
40
30
20
10
0
1996

1998

2000 2002
Year

2004

42. {(1987, 12), (1989, 13),


(1991, 11), (1993, 12),
(1995, 9), (1997, 6), (1999, 3)}

41. Yes; each domain value is


paired with only one range
value.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

23

Algebra 2

Chapter 2

PQ245-6457F-P02[020-055].qxd

43.
Representatives

14

7/24/02

12:22 PM

Page 24 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

44. D " {1987, 1989, 1991,


1993, 1995, 1997, 1999},
R " {3, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13}

30+ Years of Service

12
10
8
6
4
2
0

87

91
95
Year

99

45. Yes; no; each domain value


is paired with only one range
value so the relation is a
function, but the range value
12 is paired with two domain
values so the function is not
one-to-one.

46. !14

47. 6

48. !

49. !3

50. 3a ! 5

51. 25n 2 ! 5n

52. !4

53. 11

54. 39

55. f(x) " 4x ! 3

56. Relations and functions can


be used to represent
biological data. Answers
should include the following.
If the data are written as
ordered pairs, then those
ordered pairs are a
relation.
The maximum lifetime of
an animal is not a function
of its average lifetime.

57. B

58. C

59. discrete

60. continuous

61. discrete

62. continuous

65. 5x 0 x $ 5.16

66. $2.85

2
9

63. 5y 0 !8 $ y $ 66
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

64. 5m 0 4 $ m $ 66
24

Algebra 2

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Page 25 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

67. $29.82

68. 43

69. 31a % 10b

70. !1

71. 2

72. 6

73. 15

Lesson 2-2 Linear Equations


Pages 6567
2. 5, !2

1. The function can be written as


1
2

f(x) " x % 1, so it is of the


form f(x) " mx % b, where
m"

1
2

and b " 1.

3. Sample answer: x % y " 2

4. No, the variables have an


exponent other than 1.

5. yes

6. 3x ! y " 5; 3, !1, 5

7. 2x ! 5y " 3; 2, !5, 3

8. 2x ! 3y " !3; 2, !3, !3

5
3

9. ! , !5

10. 2, !2
y

y ! "3x " 5

x"y"2!0

11. 2, 3

12. 3,
y

3
2
y

3x # 2y ! 6
O

O
4x # 8y ! 12

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

25

Algebra 2

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12:22 PM

Page 26 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

13. $177.62

14. 563.00 euros

15. yes

16. No; x appears in a


denominator.

17. No; y is inside a square root.

18. No; x has exponents other


than 1.

19. No; x appears in a


denominator.

20. yes

21. No; x has an exponent other


than 1.

22. No; x is inside a square root.

23. x 2 % 5y " 0

24. h(x ) " x 3 ! x 2 % 3x

25. 7200 m

26. Sound travels only 1715 m in


5 seconds in air, so it travels
faster underwater.

27. 3x % y " 4; 3, 1, 4

28. 12x ! y " 0; 12, !1, 0

29. x ! 4y " !5; 1, !4, !5

30. x ! 7y " 2; 1, !7, 2

31. 2x ! y " 5; 2, !1, 5

32. x ! 2y " !3; 1, !2, !3

33. x % y " 12; 1, 1, 12

34. x ! y " !6; 1, !1, !6

35. x " 6; 1, 0, 6

36. y " 40; 0, 1, 40

37. 25x % 2y " 9; 25, 2, 9

38. 5x ! 4y " 2; 5, !4, 2

39. 3, 5

40. 6, !2
y

2x " 6y ! 12

5x # 3y ! 15

x
O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

26

Algebra 2

Chapter 2

PQ245-6457F-P02[020-055].qxd

41.

10
,
3

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Page 27 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

5
2

42. 5, 2

3x " 4y " 10 ! 0

2x # 5y " 10 ! 0

43. 0, 0

44.
y

1
,
2

!2
y

y!x
O

y ! 4x " 2

45. none, !2

46. none, 4

y
y!4
x

y ! "2

48. 1, none

47. 8, none
8
6
4
2
"8 "6"4 "2
"2
"4
"6
"8

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

x!1

x!8
O
2 4 6

27

Algebra 2

Chapter 2

PQ245-6457F-P02[020-055].qxd

49.

1
,
4

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12:22 PM

Page 28 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

50. 6, !3

!1

g (x )

f (x )
f (x ) ! 4x " 1

g (x ) ! 0.5x " 3
O

51.

52. Sample answer: x % y " 2

x #y ! 5

x
O

x#y!0
x # y ! "5

The lines are parallel but


have different y-intercepts.
53. 90&C

54. 4 km

55.

160
120
80
40

56. 1.75b % 1.5c " 525

T (d )

O1 2 3 4 d
"40
"80
"120 T (d ) ! 35d # 20
"160

"4 "3"2

57.

58. Yes; the graph passes the


vertical line test.

c
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

1.75b # 1.5c ! 525

100

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

200

400b

28

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Page 29 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

21
2

59. no

60.

61. A linear equation can be


used to relate the amounts
of time that a student spends
on each of two subjects if
the total amount of time is
fixed. Answers should include
the following.
x and y must be
nonnegative because
Lolita cannot spend a
negative amount of time
studying a subject.
The intercepts represent
Lolita spending all of her
time on one subject. The
x-intercept represents her
spending all of her time on
math, and the y-intercept
represents her spending
all of her time on chemistry.
63. B

62. B

units2

64. D " {!1, 1, 2, 4},


R " {!4, 3, 5}; yes
y
("1, 5) (
1, 3)

(4, 3)

O
(2, "4)

66. 5x 0 !1 $ x $ 26

65. D " {0, 1, 2},


R " {!1, 0, 2, 3}; no
y

(0, 2)

(1, 3)
(1, 0)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

x
(2, "1)

29

Algebra 2

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Page 30 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

67. 5x 0 x $ !6 or x ' !26

68. $7.95

69. 3s % 14

70. 4
1
4

1
3

72. !

73. 2

74. !

75. !5

76.

77. 0.4

78. !0.8

71.

3
2

4
15

Lesson 2-3 Slope


Pages 7174
1. Sample answer: y " 1

2. Sometimes; the slope of a


vertical line is undefined.

3. Luisa; Mark did not subtract


in a consistent manner when
using the slope formula. If
y2 " 5 and y1 " 4, then x2
must be !1 and x1 must be
2, not vice versa.

4. 0

1
2

6. 1

5. !
7.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

8.

30

Algebra 2

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9.

12:22 PM

Page 31 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

10.

11.

12. 5.5&/hr

13. 1.25&/hr

14. 2:00 P.M.4:00 P.M.

5
2

16. 13

15. !
17.

3
5

18. 4

19. 0

20. !1

21. 8

22. undefined

23. !4

24. !

25. undefined

26. 0

27. 1

28. 9

29. about 0.6

30. about 1.3

31.

32.

5
4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

31

Algebra 2

Chapter 2

PQ245-6457F-P02[020-055].qxd

33.

7/24/02

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Page 32 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

34.

35.

36.

37. about 68 million per year

38. about !32 million per year

39. The number of cassette


tapes shipped has been
decreasing.

40. 55 mph

41. 45 mph

42. speed or velocity

43.

45.

46.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

44.

32

Algebra 2

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47.

12:22 PM

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48.

49.

50.

x
O
O

51. Yes; slopes show that


adjacent sides are
perpendicular.

52. !1

53. The grade or steepness of a


road can be interpreted
mathematically as a slope.
Answers should include the
following.
Think of the diagram at the
beginning of the lesson as
being in a coordinate
plane. Then the rise is a
change in y-coordinates
and the horizontal
distance is a change in
x-coordinates. Thus, the
grade is a slope expressed
as a percent.

54. D

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

33

Algebra 2

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Page 34 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

x
y ! 0.08x
O

55. D

56. The graphs have the same


y-intercept. As the slopes
increase, the lines get
steeper.

57. The graphs have the same


y-intercept. As the slopes
become more negative, the
lines get steeper.

58. !10, 4
8
"2x # 5y ! 20 6
4
2
"10"8 "6"4 "2
"2
"4
"6
"8

59. !2,

8
3

O
2 4x

60. 0, 0
y

y ! 7x

x
O

4x " 3y # 8 ! 0

61. !7

62. 5

5
2

63. !

64. 3a !4

65. 5x 0 !1 $ x $ 36
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

66. 5z 0 z # 7356

34

Algebra 2

Chapter 2

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67. at least 8

68. 17a !b

69. 9

70. y " 9 ! x

71. y " !4x % 2

72. y " !3x % 7

5
2

73. y " x !

1
2

2
3

75. y " ! x %

3
5

74. y " x %

4
5

11
3

Chapter 2
Practice Quiz 1
Page 74
1. D " {!7, !3, 0, 2},
R " {!2, 1, 2, 4, 5}

2. 375

3. 6x % y " 4

4. 10, 6
y

3x # 5y ! 30

x
O

5.

y
O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

35

Algebra 2

Chapter 2

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12:22 PM

Lesson 2-4

Page 36 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

Writing Linear Equations


Pages 7880

1. Sample answer: y " 3x % 2

2. 6, 0

3. Solve the equation for y to get


2
3
y " x ! . The slope of this

4. 2, !5

3
.
5

line is The slope of a


parallel line is the same.
3
2

6. y " 0.5x % 1

5. ! , 5

5
2

3
4

8. y " ! x % 16

7. y " ! x % 2
3
5

9. y " ! x %

16
5

10. y " !x ! 2

5
4

12. B

11. y " x % 7
2
3

14.

13. ! , !4
15.

1
,
2

3
,
4

0
3
5

5
2

16. ! , 6

17. undefined, none

18. !c, d

19. y " 0.8x

20. y " ! x %

21. y " !4

22. y " 2

23. y " 3x ! 6

24. y " 0.25x % 4

1
2

25. y " ! x %

5
3

3
2

7
2

26. y " x %

4
5

17
5

30. no slope-intercept form for


x"7
3
2

31. y " 0

32. y " x

33. y " x % 4

34. y " x !

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

17
2

28. y " 4x

27. y " !0.5x ! 2


29. y " ! x %

29
3

3
4

36

1
4

Algebra 2

Chapter 2

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2
3

35. y " x %

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10
3

1
15

37. y " ! x !

36. y " !4x % 3


23
5

38. y " !x ! 4

39. y " 3x ! 2

40. y " !2x % 6

41. d " 180c ! 360

42. 180, !360

43. 540&

44. y " 75x % 6000

45. 10 mi

46. y " x % 32

9
5

80
60
40
"30

"10
"20
"40

y
y ! 95 x # 32

x
O
10 20 30

47. 68&F

48. !40&

49. y " 0.35x % 1.25

50. $11.75

51. y " 2x % 4

52. A linear equation can


sometimes be used to relate
a companys cost to the
number they produce of a
product. Answers should
include the following.
The y-intercept, 5400, is
the cost the company
must pay if they produce
0 units, so it is the fixed
cost. The slope, 1.37,
means that it costs $1.37
to produce each unit. The
variable cost is 1.37x.
$6770

53. C
x
y
55.
5 ! "1

54. A

56.

57. !2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

5
,
2

!5

58. 3
37

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59. 0

60. 0.55 s

62. 5x 0 x # !66

61. (

63. 5r 0 r # 66

64. 3

65. 6.5

66. 323.5

67. 5.85

Lesson 2-5 Modeling Real-World Data:


Using Scatter Plots
Pages 8386
1. d

2. D " {!1, 1, 2, 4},


R " {0, 2, 3}; Sample
answer using (!1, 0) and
(2, 2): 4

3. Sample answer using


(4, 130.0) and (6, 140.0):
y " 5x % 110

4a.

Atmospheric Temperature
Temperature (C)

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

1000

2000 3000
Altitude (ft)

4000

5000

4b. Sample answer using


(2000, 11.0) and (3000, 9.1):
y " !0.0019x % 14.8
4c. Sample answer: 5.3&C
5a.

6a.

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
88 90 92 94 96 98 00
Year

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Lives Saved by
Minimum Drinking Age
Lives (thousands)

Households (millions)

Cable Television
80
70

38

25
20
15
10
5
0
94 95 96 97 98 99 00
Year

Algebra 2

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5b. Sample answer using


(1992, 57) and (1998, 67):
y " 1.67x ! 3269.64
5c. Sample answer: about
87 million

6b. Sample answer using


(1996, 16.5) and (1998, 18.2):
y " 0.85x ! 1680.1
6c. Sample answer: 28,400

7a.

8a.

20002001
Detroit Red Wings

Bottled Water Consumption


14
12
Gallons

Assists

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

10
8
6
4
2
0

10 20 30 40
Goals

91

93

95
Year

97

99

7b. Sample answer using (4, 5)


and (32, 37):
y " 1.14x % 0.44
7c. Sample answer: about 13

8b. Sample answer using (1993,


9.4) and (1996, 12.5):
y " 1.03x ! 2043.39
8c. Sample answer: about 26.9 gal

9a.

10. Sample answer using


(1990, 563) and (1995, 739):
y " 35.2x ! 69,485

Revenue ($ millions)

Broadway
Play Revenue
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

1 2 3 4
Seasons Since 9596

9b. Sample answer using


(1, 499) and (3, 588):
y " 44.5x % 454.5, where x
is the number of seasons
since 19951996
9c. Sample answer: about
$1078 million or $1.1 billion
11. Sample answer: $1091

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

12. The value predicted by the


equation is somewhat lower
than the one given in the
graph.
39

Algebra 2

Chapter 2

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13. Sample answer: Using the


data for August and
November, a prediction
equation for Company 1 is
y " !0.86x % 25.13, where
x is the number of months
since August. The negative
slope suggests that the value
of Company 1s stock is
going down. Using the data
for October and November, a
prediction equation for
Company 2 is y " 0.38x %
31.3, where x is the number
of months since August. The
positive slope suggests that
the value of Company 2s
stock is going up. Since the
value of Company 1s stock
appears to be going down,
and the value of Company
2s stock appears to be going
up, Della should buy
Company 2.

14. No. Past performance is no


guarantee of the future
performance of a stock.
Other factors that should be
considered include the
companies earnings data
and how much debt they
have.

15.

16. Sample answer using


(213, 26) and (298, 23):
y " !0.04x ! 34.52

Precipitation (in.)

World Cities
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

200
400
600
Elevation (ft)

18. Sample answer: The


predicted value differs from
the actual value by more
than 20%, possibly because
no line fits the data very well.

17. Sample answer: about 23 in.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

40

Algebra 2

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19. Sample answer using (1975,


62.5) and (1995, 81.7): 96.1%

20. Sample answer: The


predicted percent is almost
certainly too high. Since the
percent cannot exceed
100%, it cannot continue to
increase indefinitely at a
linear rate.

21. See students work.

22. Data can be used to write a


linear equation that
approximates the number of
Calories burned per hour in
terms of the speed that a
person runs. Answers should
include the following.

Calories Burned
While Running

Calories

1000
800
600
400
200
0

5 6 7 8
Speed (mph)

Sample answer using


(5, 508) and (8, 858):
y " 116.67x ! 75.35
about 975 calories;
Sample answer: The
predicted value differs
from the actual value by
only about 2%.
23. D

24. A

25. 1988, 1993, 1998; 247,


360.5, 461

26. y " 21.4x ! 42,296.2

27. 354

28. about (1993, 356.17)

29. y " 21.4x ! 42,294.03

30. about 613, about 720

31. y " 4x % 6

32. y " ! x !

33. 3

34. 7

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

3
7

41

6
7

Algebra 2

Chapter 2

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35.

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29
3

36.

37. 5x 0 x $ !7 or x ' !16

38. 3

39. 11
41.

37
3

40. 0

2
3

42. 1.5

Lesson 2-6 Special Functions


Pages 9295
3. Sample answer: f(x) " 0 x ! 10

2. !1

5. S

6. D " all reals,


R " all integers

7. D " all reals,


R " all integers

8. D " all reals,


R " all nonnegative reals

1. Sample answer: [[1.9]] " 1

4. A

g (x )

h (x )

g (x ) ! !2x "
O

h (x ) ! |x " 4|
x
O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

42

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10. D " all reals, R " 5y 0 y ) 26

9. D " all reals,


R " all nonnegative reals

g (x )

11. D " all reals, R " all reals

12. step function

13.

14. $6

Time (hr)

15. C

16. A

17. S

18. S

19. A

20. P

21.

5
4
3
2
1
O

22.

60

x
180 300

1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Minutes

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

43

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23. $1.00

24. D " all reals,


R " all integers
f (x )

f (x ) ! !x # 3"

25. D " all reals,


R " all integers

26. D " all reals,


R " all even integers

g (x )

f (x )

g (x ) ! !x " 2"
x

f (x ) ! 2!x "

27. D " all reals,


R " {3a 0 a is an integer.}
12
9
6

O
"4 "3 "2 "1
"3
"6
"9
"12

28. D " all reals,


R " all integers

h (x )

g (x )

h (x ) ! "3!x "
x
1 2 3 4

g (x ) ! !x " # 3

29. D " all reals,


R " all integers

30. D " all reals,


R " all nonnegative reals

f (x )
f (x ) ! !x " " 1
O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

44

Algebra 2

Chapter 2

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Page 45 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

32. D " all reals, R " {y 0 y # 3}

31. D " all reals,


R " all nonnegative reals

g (x )

h (x )

h (x ) ! |"x |

g (x ) ! |x | # 3

33. D " all reals, R " {y 0 y # !4}

34. D " all reals,


R " all nonnegative reals

g (x )

h (x )

g (x ) ! |x | " 4
x

h (x ) ! |x # 3|

36. D " all reals,


R " all nonnegative reals

35. D " all reals,


R " all nonnegative reals

f (x )

f (x )

f (x ) ! |x # 2|
x

f (x ) ! x " 1
4

38. D " all reals, R " {y 0 y # !3}

37. D " all reals,


R " all nonnegative reals

f (x )

f (x )

f (x ) ! x # 1
2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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Algebra 2

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39. D " {x 0 x $ !2 or x ' 2},


R " {!1, 1}

40. D " all reals,


R " {y 0 y ) 0 or y " 2}
f (x )

h (x )

41. D " all reals, R " {y 0 y $ 2}

42. D " all reals,


R " all nonnegative whole
numbers

g (x )

f (x )
O

x
O

f (x ) ! !|x |"

43. D " all reals,


R " all nonnegative whole
numbers

44.

g (x )

2 if x $ !1
f(x) " 2x if !1 ) x ) 1
!x if x ' 1

g (x ) ! |!x "|

45. f (x) " 0x ! 2 0

46. {x 0 x # 0}

47.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

48.

46

f (x) " e

0 if 0 ) x ) 300
0.8 (x ! 300) if x ' 300

Algebra 2

Chapter 2

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49.

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Page 47 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:

50. A step function can be used


to model the cost of a letter
in terms of its weight.
Answers should include the
following.
Since the cost of a letter
must be one of the values
$0.34, $0.55, $0.76, $0.97,
and so on, a step function
is the best model for the
cost of mailing a letter. The
gas mileage of a car can
be any real number in an
interval of real numbers,
so it cannot be modeled by
a step function. In other
words, gas mileage is a
continuous function of time.

y
|x | # |y | ! 3

Cost ($)

2.10
1.80
1.50
1.20
0.90
0.60
0.30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Weight (oz)

51. B

52. D

53. Life Expectancy

54. Sample answer using


(10, 69.7) and (47, 76.5):
y " 0.18x % 67.9

78
76
74
72
70

Years Since 1950

55. Sample answer: 78.7 yr

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

56. y " 3x % 10

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58. {x 0 x # 3}

57. y " x ! 2

"1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

59. e y ` y ' f
5
6

60. yes

"3 "2 "1 0 1 2 3

61. no

62. no

63. yes

64. no

65. yes

Chapter 2
Practice Quiz 2
Page 95
2
3

1. y " ! x %

11
3

2. Houston Comets
250
200
150
100
50
0

65 70 75 80
Height (in.)

4. Sample answer: 168 Ib

3. Sample answer using


(66, 138) and (74, 178):
y " 5x ! 192
5. D " all reals,
R " nonnegative reals
f (x )

f (x ) ! |x " 1|
O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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Lesson 2-7

Graphing Inequalities
Pages 9899
2. Substitute the coordinates of
a point not on the boundary
into the inequality. If the
inequality is satisfied, shade
the region containing the
point. If the inequality is not
satisfied, shade the region
that does not contain the
point.

1. y ) !3x % 4

3. Sample answer: y # 0 x 0

4.

y !2
x

6.

5.

x "y !0

7.

8.

y ! |2x |

x " 2y ! 5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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9.

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10. 10c % 13d ) 40

x
O

11.

y ! 3|x | " 1

12. No; (3, 2) is not in the


shaded region.

d
10c # 13d ! 40

c
O

13.

14.

y
3 ! x " 3y

x
O

x # y ! "5

15.

16.

y
y ! 6x " 2
x

17.

18.

y ! "4x # 3

y " 2 ! 3x

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

50

Algebra 2

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19.

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20.

y !1
y #1!4
x

21.

22.

4x " 5y " 10 ! 0

x " 6y # 3 ! 0

23.

24.

y ! 1x # 5
3

y ! 1x " 5

25.

26.

y ! |4x |
y ! |x | O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

51

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27.

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28.

y
y ! |x " 1| " 2

y # |x | ! 3

29.

30.

y
y ! |x |

x #y !1
O

x # y ! "1
y ! "|x |

31. x $ !2

32. y $ 3x ! 5
y

y
x ! "2

O
O

x
y ! 3x " 5

33.

34. yes

y
350
250
0.4x # 0.6y ! 90

150
50
O

50

150 250 350 x

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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36.

35. 4a % 3s # 2000

800

600

4a # 3s ! 2000

400
200

a
200 400 600 800

38. 1.2a %1.8b # 9000

37. yes

b
6000

1.2a # 1.8b ! 9000

4000
2000
O

a
2000 4000 6000 8000

40.

39. yes

|y | ! x
O

42. A

41. Linear inequalities can be


used to track the
performance of players in
fantasy football leagues.
Answers should include the
following.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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Algebra 2

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Let x be the number of


receiving yards and let y
be the number of
touchdowns. The number
of points Dana gets from
receiving yards is 5x and
the number of points he
gets from touchdowns is
100y. His total number of
points is 5x % 100y. He
wants at least 1000 points,
so the inequality 5x %
100y # 1000 represents
the situation.

y
12

5x # 100y ! 1000

10
8
6
4
2
O
"50

100 200

300 x

the first one


43. B

44.

["10, 10] scl: 1 by ["10, 10] scl: 1

45.

46.

["10, 10] scl: 1 by ["10, 10] scl: 1

["10, 10] scl: 1 by ["10, 10] scl: 1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

54

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47.

48. D " all reals,


R " all integers
f (x )

O
["10, 10] scl: 1 by ["10, 10] scl: 1

f (x ) ! !x " " 4

49. D " all reals, R " {y 0 y # !1}

50. D " all reals,


R " all nonnegative reals

g (x )

h (x )

g (x ) ! |x | " 1
O

x
O

51.

52. Sample answer using


(4, 6000) and (6, 8000):
y " 1000x % 2000

Sales vs. Experience


10,000
Sales ($)

h (x ) ! |x " 3|

8000
6000
4000
2000
0

3 4
Years

53. Sample answer: $10,000

54. 8

55. 3

56.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

55

1
2

Algebra 2

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Page 56 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

Chapter 3 Systems of Equations and Inequalities


Lesson 3-1 Solving Systems of Equations by Graphing
Pages 112115
1. Two lines cannot intersect in
exactly two points.

2. Sample answer:
x ! y " 4, x # y " 2

3. A graph is used to estimate


the solution. To determine
that the point lies on both
lines, you must check that it
satisfies both equations.

4.

y
(#2, 5)

y ! #x " 3

y ! 2x " 9

5.

6.

y
3x " 2y ! 10

4x # 2y ! 22
O

(2, 2)
2x " 3y ! 10

x
(4, #3)

6x " 9y ! #3

8. inconsistent

7. consistent and independent


y

y
2x " 4y ! 8

y!x"4
x

y!6#x
O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

x " 2y ! 2

56

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9. consistent and dependent

10. y " 0.08x ! 3.2,


y " 0.10x ! 2.6

x # 2y ! 8
1
x#y!4
2

11. The cost is $5.60 for both


stores to develop 30 prints.

12. You should use Specialty


Photos if you are developing
less than 30 prints, and you
should use The Photo Lab if
you are developing more than
30 prints.

13.

14.

y
x

y ! #3x " 1

y ! 2x # 4

15.

y ! 3x # 8

O
(1, #2)

(0, #8)

16.

y
2x " 3y ! 12 (3, 2)

x " 2y ! 6
(4, 1)

2x " y ! 9

17.

y!x#8

2x # y ! 4

18.

x " 2y ! 11

(7, 6)

7x # 1 ! 8y

(5, 3)
3x # 7y ! #6

5x # 11 ! 4y

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

57

Algebra 2

Chapter 3

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19.

12:23 PM

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20.

(1.5, 5)

4x # 2y ! #4

(3.5, 0)

2x " 3y ! 7

8x # 3y ! #3

2x # 3y ! 7

21.

22.

1
x " 2y ! 5
4

y
y # 13 x ! 6

(4, 2)

(#9, 3)

2x # y ! 6

O x
2
x " y ! #3
3

23.

24.

y
1
x#y!0
2

4
x " 15 y ! 3
3

O
(#4, #2)

25. inconsistent
y!x"4

(3, #5)

2
x # 35 y ! 5
3

1
x " 12 y ! #2
4

26. consistent and independent

y
y!x"3
x

y!x#4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

y ! 2x " 6

58

Algebra 2

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Page 59 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

27. consistent and independent

28. consistent and dependent

y
3x " y ! 3

x"y!4

x
O
#4x " y ! 9

6x " 2y ! 6

29. inconsistent

30. consistent and dependent


y

y
y#x!5

4x # 2y ! 6

x
O

6x # 3y ! 9

2y # 2x ! 8

31. consistent and independent

32. inconsistent

2y ! x
2y ! 5 # x

8y ! 2x " 1

O
6y ! 7 # 3x

33. consistent and independent

34. consistent and dependent

y
1.6y ! 0.4x " 1

0.8x # 1.5y ! #10

1.2x " 2.5y ! 4


O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

0.4y ! 0.1x " 0.25

59

Algebra 2

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Page 60 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

35. inconsistent
y # 13 x ! 2

36. consistent and independent

y
4
x # y ! #2
3

3y # x ! #2
2y # 4x ! 3

37. (#3, 1)

38. (1, 3), (2, #1), (#2, #3)


y
y # 2x ! 1

4x " y ! 7

2y # x ! #4

40. (120, 80)

39. y " 52 ! 0.23x, y " 80

120
Cost ($)

y ! 80
80

y ! 52 " 0.23x

40

40

80
120
Miles

160

41. Deluxe Plan

42. Supply, 200,000; demand,


300,000; prices will tend to
rise.

43. Supply, 300,000; demand,


200,000; prices will tend to
fall.

44. 250,000; $10.00

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

60

Algebra 2

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Page 61 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

46. 2015
Population (Thousands)

45. y " 304x ! 15,982,


y " 98.6x !18,976

24,000

y ! 98.6x " 18,976

20,000
16,000

y ! 304x " 15,982

12,000
0

a
b
a
48b.
b
a
48c.
b

d
e
d
e
d
,
e

8
12
16
Years After 1999

c
b

"

f
e

c
b

f
e

47. FL will probably be ranked


third by 2020. The graphs
intersect in the year 2015, so
NY will still have a higher
population in 2010, but FL
will have a higher population
in 2020.

48a. " ,

49. You can use a system of


equations to track sales and
make predictions about
future growth based on past
performance and trends in
the graphs. Answers should
include the following.
The coordinates (6, 54)
represent that 6 years
after 1999 both the instore sales and online
sales will be $54,000.
The in-store sales and the
online sales will never be
equal and in-store sales
will continue to be higher
than online sales.

50. A

51. C

52. (3.40, #2.58)

53. (#5.56, #12)

54. (4, 3.42)

55. no solution

56. (#9, 3.75)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

61

$
"

Algebra 2

20

Chapter 3

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Page 62 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

58.

57. (2.64, 42.43)

y
y ! 5 " 3x

59.

60.

2x " y ! #4

2y # 1 ! x

61. A

62. C

63. S

64. {#13, 13}

65. {#15, 9}

66. %

67. {#2, 3}

68. e#5, f

69. {9}

70. 8 ! 2n

71. x 2 # 6

72. 41a ! 52

73.

z
3

7
2

74. x ! 2

!1

75. 9y ! 1

76. #3x ! 6y

77. 12x ! 18y # 6

78. 15x ! 10y ! 10

79. x ! 4y

Lesson 3-2 Solving Systems


of Equations Algebraically
Pages 119122
1. See students work; one
equation should have a
variable with a coefficient of 1.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

2. There are infinitely many


solutions.

62

Algebra 2

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3. Vincent; Juanita subtracted


the two equations incorrectly;
#y # y "#2y, not 0.

4. (4, 8)

5. (1, 3)

6. (4, #1)

7. (5, 2)

8. (9, 7)
10. no solution

9. (6, #20)
1
3

2
3

11. a3 , 2 b

12. C

13. (9, 5)

14. (2, 7)

15. (3, #2)

16. (#6, 8)

17. no solution

18. (1, 1)

19. (4, 3)

20. (#1, 8)

21. (2, 0)

22. (3, #1)

23. (10, #1)

24. (#7, 9)

25. (4, #3)

26. (6, 5)

27. (#8, #3)

28. (7, #1)

29. no solution

30. (#5, 8)

1
2

31. a# ,

3
b
2

1
3

32. a , 2b

33. (#6, 11)

34. infinitely many

35. (1.5, 0.5)

36. (2, 4)

37. 8, 6

38. 2, 12

39. x ! y " 28,


16x ! 19y " 478

40. 18 members rented skis


and 10 members rented
snowboards.

41. 4 2-bedroom, 2 3-bedroom

42. (#5, #2), (4, 4),


(#2, #8), (1, 10)

43. x ! y " 30,


700x ! 200y " 15,000

44. 18 printers, 12 monitors

45. 2x ! 4y " 100, y " 2x

46. 10 true/false, 20 multiplechoice

47. Yes; they should finish the


test within 40 minutes.

48. a ! s " 40, 11a ! 4s " 335

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

63

Algebra 2

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Page 64 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

49. 25 min of step aerobics,


15 min of stretching

50. (4, 6)

51. You can use a system of


equations to find the monthly
fee and rate per minute
charged during the months
of January and February.
Answers should include the
following.
The coordinates of the
point of intersection are
(0.08, 3.5).
Currently, Yolanda is
paying a monthly fee of
$3.50 and an additional
8 per minute. If she
graphs y " 0.08x ! 3.5 (to
represent what she is
paying currently) and
y " 0.10x ! 3 (to represent
the other long-distance
plan) and finds the
intersection, she can
identify which plan would
be better for a person with
her level of usage.

52. C

53. A

54. inconsistent
y
y!x"2
x

y!x#1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

64

Algebra 2

Chapter 3

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Page 65 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

56. consistent and independent

55. consistent and dependent

y
4y # 2x ! 4
3x " y ! 1
O

y # 12 x ! 1

57.

y ! 2x # 4

58.

x"y!3
5y # 4x ! #20

59.

60. 7x # y " #4; 7, #1, #4

3x " 9y ! #15
O

61. x # y " 0; 1, #1, 0

62. 3x ! 5y " 2; 3, 5, 2

63. 2x # y " #3; 2, #1, #3

64. x # 2y " 6; 1, #2, 6

65. 3x ! 2y " 21; 3, 2, 21

66. 0.6 ampere

67. yes

68. no

69. no

70. yes

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

65

Algebra 2

Chapter 3

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Page 66 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

Chapter 3
Practice Quiz 1
Page 122
1.

2.

y ! 3x " 10

(#1, 7)

(3, 2)
2x " 3y ! 12

y ! #x " 6

2x # y ! 4

4. (4, #1)

3. (2, 7)
5. Hartsfield, 78 million; OHare,
72.5 million

Lesson 3-3

Solving Systems of Inequalities by Graphing


Pages 125127

1. Sample answer:
y & x ! 3, y ' x # 2

2. true

3a. 4
3b. 2
3c. 1
3d. 3

4.

y!2
x

x!4

5.

6.

y
x"y!2

y ! #2x " 4
O

x ! #1
y!x#2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

66

x!3

Algebra 2

Chapter 3

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7/24/02

7.

12:23 PM

Page 67 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

8. (#3, #3), (2, 2), (5, #3)

y
y ! 2x " 1
x!1
O

x " 2y ! #3

9. (#4, 3), (1, #2), (2, 9), (7, 4)

10.

10 m

b!2

Muffins

8
6

2.5b " 3.5m ! 28

4
2

m!3
b

11. Sample answer: 3 packages


of bagels, 4 packages of
muffins; 4 packages of
bagels, 4 packages of
muffins; 3 packages of
bagels, 5 packages of
muffins

12.

13.

14.

6
8
Bagels

12

y!3
x

x!2

10

y!2#x
x

x ! #1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

y ! #4

y!x"4

67

Algebra 2

Chapter 3

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15.

7/24/02

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Page 68 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

16.

y!2
3x " 2y ! 6

y ! #2 x

O
4x # y ! 2

y!x#3

17.

18.

y
4x # 3y ! 7

y ! 12 x " 1

2y # x ! #6

y ! 2x # 3

19. no solution

20.

y
y!1

x!3
x

x ! #3

21.

y ! #1

22. no solution

y
x!2
x " 3y ! 6
O

x ! #4

23.

24. (0, 0), (0, 4), (8, 0)

y
2x # y ! 4
2x " 4y ! #7
O

x
x # 3y ! 2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

68

Algebra 2

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25. (#3, #4), (5, #4), (1, 4)

26. (0, 4), (3, 0), (3, 5)

27. (#6, #9), (2, 7), (10, #1)

28. (#11, #3), (#1, #3),


1
2

(6, 4), a6, 5 b


29. (#4, 3), (#2, 7),
1
3

30. 16 units2

1
3

(4, #1), a7 , 2 b
31. 64 units2

32.
Hours Raking Leaves

16
14
12

x " y ! 15

10
8
6
4
2
0

10x " 12y ! 120


2

4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Hours Cutting Grass

34. category 4; 13-18 ft

33. s ( 111, s ) 130,


h ( 9, h ) 12
16

Storm Surge (ft)

14

h ! 12
12
10

s ! 130

h!9

s ! 111
s
0

80

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

100
120
140
Wind Speed (mph)

160

69

Algebra 2

Chapter 3

PQ245-6457F-P03[056-080].qxd

35.

7/24/02

Swedish Soda

y
14

12:23 PM

Page 70 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

36. Sample answer: 2 pumpkin,


8 soda; 4 pumpkin, 6 soda;
8 pumpkin, 4 soda

2x " 1.5y ! 24

12
10

x " 2.5y ! 26

8
6
4
2
0

6 8 10 12 14
Pumpkin

37. 6 pumpkin, 8 soda

38. 42 units2

39. The range for normal blood


pressure satisfies four
inequalities that can be
graphed to find their
intersection. Answers should
include the following.
Graph the blood pressure
as an ordered pair; if the
point lies in the shaded
region, it is in the normal
range.
High systolic pressure is
represented by the region
to the right of x " 140 and
high diastolic pressure is
represented by the region
above y " 90.

40. B

41. Sample answer:


y ) 6, y ( 2, x ) 5, x ( 1

42. (#3, 8)

43. (6, 5)

44. (8, #5)

45.

46. infinitely many

y
2x " y ! #3

y ! 2x " 1
(#2, #3)

x
O

y ! # 12 x # 4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

6x " 3y ! #9

70

Algebra 2

Chapter 3

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47.

12:23 PM

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1
2

48. y " x ! 6

y
#x " 8y ! 12

(4, 2)

2x # y ! 6

49. #5

50. #12

51. 8

52. 27

53. 5

54. #8.25

Lesson 3-4 Linear Programming


Pages 132135
1. sometimes

2. Sample answer:
y ( #x, y ( x # 5, y ) 0

3.

4.

(1, 4)
(5, 2)

(#3, 1)

(1, 2)
O

vertices: (#3, 1), Q , 1R;

vertices: (1, 2), (1, 4), (5, 2);


max: f (5, 2) " 4,
min: f (1, 4) " #10

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

( 53 , 1)

5
3

min: f (#3, 1) " #17;


no maximum

71

Algebra 2

Chapter 3

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5.

7/24/02

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Page 72 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

6.

y
(7, 8.5)

(1, 3)

(2, 6)

(6, 3)

(0, 1)
O

(10, 1)

x
x

O (2, 0)

vertices: (0, 1), (1, 3), (6, 3),


(10, 1); max: f (10, 1) " 31,
min: f (0, 1) " 1

(7, #5)

vertices: (2, 0), (2, 6), (7, 8.5),


(7, #5); max: f(7, 8.5) " 81.5,
min: f(2, 0) " 16
7.

8.

(#2, 4)

(#1, 2)

(2, 3)

(4, 1)

(#3, #1)

(#2, #3)

(3, #2)

(2, #3)

vertices: (#3, #1), (#1, 2),


(2, 3), (3,#2); max: f(3, #2) "
5, min: f(#1, 2) " #3

vertices: (#2, 4), (#2, #3),


(2, #3), (4, 1); max: f(2, #3) "
5; min: f (#2, 4) " #6
10.

!
28

Leather Tote Bags

9. c ( 0, l ( 0, c ! 3l ) 56,
4c ! 2l ) 104

24
20
16

(20, 12)

12
8
4
0

2
3

(0, 18 23 )

(0, 0)
4

(26, 0)
8

12 16 20 24
Canvas Tote Bags

11. (0, 0), (26, 0), (20, 12), a0, 18 b

12. f(c, l) " 20c ! 35l

13. 20 canvas tote bags and


12 leather tote bags

14. $820

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

72

Algebra 2

28 c

Chapter 3

PQ245-6457F-P03[056-080].qxd

15.

7/24/02

12:23 PM

Page 73 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

16.

(3, 5)

(6, 13)

O
(0, #4)
(3, #4)
(0, 1)

vertices: (0, #4), (3, 5),


(3, #4); max: f (3, #4) " 7,
min: f (3, 5) " #2

(6, 1)

vertices: (0, 1), (6, 1), (6, 13);


max: f (6, 13) " 19;
min: f (0, 1) " 1
17.

18.

(5, 8)

(1, 4)

(2, 3)

(4, 4)

(2, 1)

(4, 1)

O
(1, 2)

(5, 2)

vertices: (2, 1), (2, 3), (4, 4),


(4, 1); max: f (4, 4) " 16;
min: f (2, 1) " 5

vertices: (1, 4), (5, 8),


(5, 2), (1, 2); max: f (5, 2) "
11, min: f (1, 4) " #5
19.

20.

(3, 5)

y
12
8

(#3, #1)

x
#4

O
#4

vertices: (#3, #1), (3, 5);


min: f (#3, #1) " #9;
no maximum

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

(6, 12)
(2, 8)
(2, 2)
4

(6, #6)

#8

vertices: (2, 2), (2, 8), (6, 12),


(6, #6); max: f(6, 12) " 30,
min: f(6, #6) " #24
73

Algebra 2

Chapter 3

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21.

12:23 PM

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22.

(0, 2)
O
(0, 0)

y
(0, 7)
(4, 3)

(2, 1)

x
(3, 0)
(0, 0)
O

vertices: (0, 0), (0, 2), (2, 1),


(3, 0); max: f (0, 2) " 6;
min: f (3, 0) " #12
23.

(2, 0) x

vertices: (0, 0), (0, 7), (4, 3),


(2, 0); max: f (4, 3) " 14;
min: f (0, 7) " #14
24.

y
(8, 6)
(0, 4)

(3, 0)

(4, 0)

(0, #3)

vertices: (0, 4), (4, 0), (8, 6);


max: f (4, 0) " 4; min:
f (0, 4) " #8

vertices: (3, 0), (0, #3);


min: f (0, #3) " #12;
no maximum
25.

26.

(0, 2)

(0, 2)

(4, 3)

(4, 3)
(2, 0)

( 73 , # 13 )
vertices: (0, 2), (4, 3), (2, 0);
max: f (4, 3) " 13,
min: f (2, 0) " 2

vertices: (0, 2), (4, 3),


7 1
a , # b; max: f (4, 3) " 25,
3

min: f (0, 2) " 6

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

74

Algebra 2

Chapter 3

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27.

12:23 PM

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28.

(2, 5)
(2, 2)
(3, 0)

(4, 1)

(0, 1)

(0, 0) O

vertices: (0, 0), (0, 1), (2, 2),


(4, 1), (5, 0); max: f (5, 0) "
15, min: f (0, 1) " #5

vertices: (2, 5), (3, 0);


min: f (3, 0) " 3, no maximum
29.

30a. Sample answer:


f (x, y) " #2x #y
30b. Sample answer:
f (x, y) " 3y # 2x
30c. Sample answer:
f (x, y) " x ! y
30d. Sample answer:
f (x, y) " #x # 3y
30e. Sample answer:
f (x, y) " x ! 2y

(4, 4)
(2, 3)

(2, 1)
O

(5, 3)
(4, 1)

(5, 0)

vertices: (2, 1), (2, 3), (4, 1),


(4, 4), (5, 3); max: f(4, 1) " 0,
min: f (4, 4) " #12
31. g ( 0, c ( 0, 1.5g ! 2c )
85, g ! 0.5c ) 40

Graphing Calculators

32.

50

40
30
20
10
0

(0, 42.5)
(0, 0)

(30, 20)
(40, 0)

10 20 30 40
CAS Calculators

c
50

33. (0, 0), (0, 42.5), (30, 20),


(40, 0)

34. f (g, c) " 50g ! 65c

35. 30 graphing calculators,


20 CAS calculators

36. $2800

37. See students work.

38. c ( 0, s ( 0, c ! s ) 4500,
4c ! 5s ) 20,000

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

75

Algebra 2

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39. (0, 0), (0, 4000), (2500, 2000),


(4000, 0)

40. 2500 acres of corn,


2000 acres soybeans;
$125,000

S
4000
3000
2000

(0, 4000)

(2500, 2000)

1000
(0, 0)
0

(4500, 0)
2000

4000

41. 4000 acres corn, 0 acres


soybeans; $130,500

42. 3 chocolate chip, 9 peanut


butter

43. There are many variables in


scheduling tasks. Linear
programming can help make
sure that all the requirements
are met. Answers should
include the following.
Let x " the number of
buoy replacements and let
y " the number of buoy
repairs. Then, x ( 0, y ( 0,
x ) 8 and x ! 2.5y ) 24.
The captain would want to
maximize the number of
buoys that a crew could
repair and replace, so
f (x, y) " x ! y.
Graph the inequalities and
find the vertices of the
intersection of the graphs.
The coordinate (0, 24)
maximizes the function. So
the crew can service the
maximum number of
buoys if they replace 0
and repair 24 buoys.

44. A

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

76

Algebra 2

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7/24/02

12:23 PM

Page 77 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

46.

45. C

2y " x ! 4

y!x#4

48. (#5, 8)

47. %
y
3x # 2y ! #6

y ! 3x # 1
2

49. (2, 3)
51. c " average cost each year;
15c ! 3479 " 7489
53. Additive Inverse
55. Multiplicative Inverse
57. 9
59. 16
61. 8

50. (5, 1)
52. about $267 per year
54.
56.
58.
60.

Associative Property (*)


Distributive Property
5
#3

62. #4

Chapter 3
Practice Quiz 2
Page 135
1.

2.

y#x!0

y
y!x"3

y ! 3x # 4

y"x!4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

77

Algebra 2

Chapter 3

PQ245-6457F-P03[056-080].qxd

3.

7/24/02

12:23 PM

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4.

4x " y ! 16

y
(1, 6)
(0, 4)

x " 3y ! 15

(0, 0)

(3, 0)

vertices: (0, 0), (0, 4), (1, 6),


(3, 0); max: f (1, 6) " 8,
min: f (0, 0) " 0
5.

y
(5, 6)

(#1, 3)

(5, 1)

O
(1, #3)

vertices: (1, #3), (#1, 3),


(5, 6), (5, 1); max: f (5, 1) "
17, min: f (#1, 3) " #13

Lesson 3-5
Solving Systems of Equations in Three Variables
Pages 142144
1. You can use elimination or
substitution to eliminate one
of the variables. Then you
can solve two equations in
two variables.

2. No; the first two equations do


represent the same plane,
however they do not intersect
the third plane, so there is
no solution of this system.

3. Sample answer: x ! y !
z " 4, 2x # y ! z " #9,
x ! 2y # z " 5; #3 ! 5 !
2 " 4, 2(#3) # 5 ! 2 " #9,
#3 ! 2(5) # 2 " 5

4. (6, 3, #4)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

78

Algebra 2

Chapter 3

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7/24/02

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5. (#1, #3, 7)

6. infinitely many

7. (5, 2, #1)

8. no solution
10. 6c ! 3s ! r " 42,

9. (4, 0, 8)

1
2

c ! s ! r " 13 , r " 2s
1
2

12. (3, 4, 7)

11. 4 lb chicken, 3 lb sausage,


6 lb rice
13. (#2, 1, 5)

14. (2, #3, 6)

15. (4, 0, #1)

16. no solution

17. (1, 5, 7)

18. (1, 2, #1)

19. infinitely many

20. a , , b

1
3

1 3 9
2 2 2

1 1
2 4

21. a , # , b

22. (8, 3, #6)

23. (#5, 9, 4)

24. 3, 12, 5

25. 8, 1, 3

26. 1-$100, 3-$50, and


6-$20 checks

27. enchilada, $2.50; taco, $1.95;


burrito, $2.65

28. $7.80

29. x ! y ! z " 355, x ! 2y !


3z " 646, y " z ! 27

30. 88 3-point goals, 115 2-point


goals, 152 1-point free throws

4
3
4 2
x
3

1
3
1
x
3

32. You can write a system of


three equations in three
variables to find the number of
each type of medal. Answers
should include the following.
You can substitute b ! 6
for g and b # 8 for s in the
equation g ! s ! b " 97.
This equation is now in
terms of b. Once you find
b, you can substitute again
to find g and s. The U.S.
Olympians won 39 gold
medals, 25 silver medals,
and 33 bronze medals.

31. a " , b " , c " 3;


y"

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

!3

79

Algebra 2

Chapter 3

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7/24/02

12:23 PM

Page 80 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-03:

Another situation involving


three variables is winning
times of the first, second,
and third place finishers of
a race.
33. D

34. A

35. 120 units of notebook paper


and 80 units of newsprint

36.

y
y!x "2

y ! 7 # 2x

37.

38.

3x " y ! 3

3x " y ! 1

2y # x ! #4

4y # 2x ! 4

39. Sample answer using (7, 15)


and (14, 22): y " x ! 8

40. Sample answer: about 47

41. x ! 3y

42. #2z ! 8

43. 9s ! 4t

44. 18a ! 16b

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

80

Algebra 2

Chapter 3

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Chapter 4 Matrices
Lesson 4-1 Introduction to Matrices
Pages 156158
2. Sample answers:
row matrix, [1 2 3], 1 " 3;

1. The matrices must have the


same dimensions and each
element of one matrix must
be equal to the corresponding
element of the other matrix.

1
2

column matrix, B R, 2 " 1;


square matrix, B
zero matrix, B

3. Corresponding elements are


elements in the same row
and column positions.

4. 1 " 5

5. 3 " 4

6. (5, 6)

7. (3, 3)

8.

Fri
High
Low

10. 2 " 3

11. 3 " 1

12. 4 " 3

13. 3 " 3

14. 2 " 5

15. 3 " 2

16. (2.5, 1, 3)

1
3

2"2

Sat Sun Mon Tue

18. (5, 3)

19. (3, !5, 6)

20. (2, !5)

21. (4, !3)

22. (1.5, 3)

23. (14, 15)

24. (!2, 7)

25. (5, 3, 2)

26.

Evening Matinee Twilight


Adult
Child
Senior

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

0 0
R,
0 0

2 " 2;

88 88 90 86 85
R
54 54 56 53 52

9. 2 " 5

17. a3, ! b

1 2
R,
3 4

81

7.50
C 4.50
5.50

5.50
4.50
5.50

3.75
3.75 S
3.75

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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28.

27. 3 " 3

Cost

Catalina Grill
Oyster Club
Casa di Pasta
Masons
Steakhouse

29. Sample answer: Masons


Steakhouse; it was given the
highest rating possible for
service and atmosphere,
location was given one of the
highest ratings, and it is
moderately priced.

30.

31.

32.

Double
Suite

Weekend

60 70 75
B
R
79 89 95

Atmosphere Location

*
**
***
****

*
*
***
****

*
**
***
***

Weekday Weekend
Single

Single Double Suite

Weekday

**
***
****
**

Service

1
2
4
G 7
11
16
22

60 79
C 70 89 S
75 95

3
5
8
12
17
23
30

6
9
13
18
24
31
39

10
14
19
25
32
40
49

15
20
26
33
41
50
60

21
27
34
42W
51
61
72

33. row 6, column 9

34. Matrices are used to


organize information so it
can be read and compared
more easily. Answers should
include the following.
If you want the least
expensive vehicle, the
compact SUV has the best
price; the large SUV has
the most horsepower,
towing capacity and cargo
space, and the standard
SUV has the best fuel
economy.
Sample answer: Matrices
are used to report stock
prices in the newspaper.

35. B

36. C

37. (7, 5, 4)

38. (7, 3, !9)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

82

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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39. a!3, 5, !11b


4 3

40.

y
y " #2x ! 15

y"x !2

y"3

vertices: (1, 3), (6, 3), a ,


max: f a ,

13 19
b
3 3

83
,
3

13 19
b;
3 3

min: f (1, 3)#11


42.

41.

! 12

vertices: (3, 1), a ,


15
2

vertices: (2, 1), (6, 3);


min: f(2, 1) # 1,
no maximum

44. step function

6
Cost ($)

43.

3 17
a ,
b;
2 2
.
15 5
max: f a , b # 35,
2 2
3 17
min: f a , b # !1
2 2

5
b,
2

5
4
3
2
1
0

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

2 3 4
Hours

83

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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45. $4.50

46. 2

47. 2

48. 0

49. 20

50. 3

51. !10

52. 6.2

53. !18

54. 17

55. !3

56. 75

57.

3
2

Lesson 4-2

Operations with Matrices


Pages 163166

1. They must have the same


dimensions.

2. Sample answer: [!3 1],


[3 !1]

4 4
3. C 4 4 S
4 4

4. impossible

1 10
R
!7 5

6. B

!22 8
R
3 24

8. B

18 !3 15 6
R
21
9 !6 24

5. B

10 6
R
!1 7

7. B

!21
29
R
12 !22

!3 30
R
26 11

9. B

16,763
14,620
11. Males # E14,486
9041
5234
16,439
14,545
Females # E12,679
7931
5450
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

10. B
549,499
477,960
455,305U,
321,416
83,411

1,006,372
883,123
12. E 795,785U
579,002
216,646

456,873
405,163
340,480U
257,586
133,235
84

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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10
14. C !4 S
5

13. No; many schools offer the


same sport for males and
females, so those schools
would be counted twice.

15 0
4
R
0 13 !5

15. impossible

16. B

!4
8 !2
17. C 6 !10 !16 S
!14 !12
4

18. [15 !29 65 !2]

!13
19. C !3 S
23

1.8 9.08
20. C 3.18 31.04 S
10.41 56.56

1.5 3
R
21. B
4.5 9
1

23. C

22. C

!52

2
10
3

2
1
3

1
!2
2

!4 !15
3
2

!2

13 10
7S
24. C 4
7 !5

!2 !1
25. C 4 !1 S
!7 !4

0 16
26. C !8 20 S
28 !4

38
4
27. C 32 !6 S
18 42

!12 !13
28. C 3 !8 S
13
37

2
29. D 1

2
3

120 97 64 75
30. Friday: C 80 59 36 60 S ,
72 84 29 48

5T

6 !1

112 87 56 74
Saturday: C 84 65 39 70 S
88 98 43 60

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

85

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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232 184 120 149


31. C 164 124 75 130 S
160 182 72 108

!8 !10 !8 !1
32. C 4
6
3 10 S
16
14 14 12

245
228
33. E319U
227
117

15
41
34. E35U
27
51

35. 1996, floods; 1997, floods;


1998, floods; 1999,
tornadoes; 2000, lightning

36. Residents:
Child Adult
Before 6 3.00 4.50
B
R
After 6
2.00 3.50
Nonresidents:
Child Adult
Before 6 4.50 6.75
B
R
After 6
3.00 5.25

1.50 2.25
R
1.00 1.75

37. B

38. Before 6:00:

Child Adult
Residents
3.00 4.50
B
R
Nonresidents 4.50 6.75
After 6:00:

Child Adult
Residents
2.00 3.50
B
R
Nonresidents 3.00 5.25

1.00 1.00
R
1.50 1.50

39. B

40.
0.5 0.75
3
1 1.5
6
2B
R# B
R
1
4 0.1
2
8 0.2

41. You can use matrices to track


dietary requirements and add
them to find the total each
day or each week. Answers
should include the following.
566 18 7
Breakfast # C 482 12 17 S ,
530 10 11

42. D

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

86

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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785 22 19
Lunch # C 622 23 20 S ,
710 26 12
1257 40 26
Dinner # C 987 32 45 S
1380 29 38
Add the three matrices:
2608 80 52
2091 67 82 .
2620 65 61

43. A

44. 2 " 2

45. 1 " 4

46. 2 " 4

47. 3 " 3

48. 3 " 2

49. 4 " 3

50. (3, !4, 0)


52. a , 6, ! b
1
4

51. (5, 3, 7)
53. (2, 5)

1
6

54. (!3, 1)

55. (6, !1)

56. 0.30p $ 0.15s % 6

57.

58. No, it would cost $6.30.

59. Multiplicative Inverse

60. Associative Prop. ($)

61. Distributive Property

62. Commutative Prop. (")

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

87

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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Lesson 4-3 Multiplying Matrices


Pages 171174
1. Sample answer:
1 2
7 8
C3 4S ! B
R
9 10
5 6

2. Never; the inner dimensions


will never be equal.

3. The Right Distributive


Property says that
1A $ B2C # AC $ BC, but
AC $ BC & CA $ CB since
the Commutative Property
does not hold for matrix
multiplication in most cases.

4. 3 " 2

5. undefined
15 !5 20
7. B
R
24 !8 32

6. [19 15]
8. not possible

24
R
41

10. yes
A(BC)

9. B

2 !1
!4 1
3 2
#B
R ! B
R!B
R
3
5
8 0
!1 2

2 !1
!13 !6
R!B
R
3
5
24 16

#B

!50 !28
R
81
62
(AB)C

#B

2 !1
!4 1
3 2
# B
R! B
R! B
R
3
5
8 0
!1 2

!16 2
3 2
R!B
R
28 3
!1 2

#B

!50 !28
R
81
62

#B

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

88

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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11. [45

55

350 280
65], C 320 165 S
180 120

12. $74,525

13. 4 " 2

14. 2 " 2

15. undefined

16. 1 " 5

17. undefined

18. 3 " 5
8 !11
20. B
R
22
12

19. [6]

!39
R
18

21. not possible

22. B

1 !25
2
R
23. B
29
1 !30

24. not possible

24
16
25. C !32 !5 S
!48 !11

0 64 !40
26. C 9 11 !11 S
!3 39 !23

27. yes
AC $ BC
1 !2
5
1
#B
R! B
R$
4
3
2 !4

28. yes
c (AB)
1 !2
!5 2
R!B
R
4
3
4 3

# 3B

!5 2
5
1
R! B
R
4 3
2 !4

# 3B

1
9
!21 !13
R$B
R
26 !8
26 !8

#B

!13 !4
R
!8 17

!39 !12
R
!24
51
A(cB)

#B

!20 !4
R
52 !16
(A $ B)C

#B

# B

1 !2
!5
R $ B
4
3
4

1 !2
!5 2
R ! 3 B
R
4
3
4 3

#B

1 !2 !15 6
R
RB
12 9
4
3

2
5
1
R ! B
R
3
2 !4

#B

!4 0
5
1
R!B
R
8 6
2 !4

#B

!39 !12
R
!24
51

#B

!20
!4
R
52 !16

#B

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

89

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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29. no
C (A $ B)

30. no
ABC
1 !2
!5 2
5
1
R!B
R!B
R
4
3
4 3
2 !4

5 1
1 !2
!5 2
#B
R ! B
R$B
R
2 !4
4 3
4 3

#B

5
1
!4 0
#B
R!B
R
2 !4
8 6

#B

!12
6
R
!40 !24
AC $ BC
1 !2
5
1
#B
R!B
R$
4
3
2 !4

#B

!5 2
5
1
B
R!B
R
4 3
2 !4

#B

!21 13
1 !2
R!B
R
!26 !8
4
3

#B

31 81
R
!58 28

!13 !4
5
1
R!B
R
!8 17
2 !4

!73
3
R
!6 !76
CBA

#B

5
1
!5 2
1 !2
R!B
R!B
R
2 !4
4 3
4
3

#B

1
9
!21 !13
#B
R$B
R
26 !8
26 !8
!20 !4
R
52 !16

#B

290 165 210


31. C 175 240 190 S
110 75
0

22
32. C 25 S
18

14,285
33. C 13,270 S
4295

34. $31,850

35. any two matrices B

72
68
36. D
90
86

a b
R
c d

e f
R
g h

and

where bg # cf, a # d,

49
63
1.00
T, B
R
56
0.50
62

and e # h
96.50
99.50
37. D
T
118
117
39. $431

38. Juniors

41. $26,360

42. $1460

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

40. $24,900

90

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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43. a # 1, b # 0, c # 0, d # 1;
the original matrix

44. Sports statistics are often


listed in columns and
matrices. In this case, you
can find the total number of
points scored by multiplying
the point matrix, which
doesnt change, by the
record matrix, which changes
for each season. Answers
should include the following.
P ! R # [479]
Basketball and wrestling
use different point values
in scoring.

45. B
12 !6
47. B
R
!3 21
!20 2
49. B
R
!28 12

46. A

51. (5, !9)

52. (2, !5, !7)

53. $2.50; $1.50

54.

55. 8; !16

56. 2; !5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

48. impossible
50. (7, !4)

91

3
;
2

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

PQ245-6457F-P04[081-109].qxd 7/31/02 9:41 AM Page 92 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-04:

57.

58.

59.

60.

Chapter 4
Practice Quiz 1
Page 174
1. (6, 3)

2.

(5, !1)
120 80 64 75
4. B
R,
65 105 77 53

3. (1, 3, 5)

112 79 56 74
R
69 95 82 50

B
232 159 120 149
R
134 200 159 103

6. B

4 3
R
1 3

8. B

5.

7.

9.

not possible

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

!3 5
R
3 13
!10
20 25
R
0 !20 35
15 !8 !10
R
!7 23
16

10. B

92

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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Lesson 4-4

1.

Transformation
reflection
rotation
translation
dilation

Shape
same
same
same
changes

Size
same
same
same
same

3. Sample answer:
!4 !4 !4
B
R
1
1
1
5. A(4, 3), B(5, !6),

Transformations with Matrices


Pages 178181

!3 !3 !3
R
!2 !2 !2

2. B

Isometry
yes
yes
yes
no

3
3
3
R
!1 !1 !1

4. B

6.

C(!3, !7)

0 5 5 0
R
4 4 0 0

8. A(0, 12), B(15, 12),


C(15, 0), D(0, 0)

7. B

10. A(0, !4), B(!5, !4),


C(!5, 0), D(0, 0)

9. A(0, !4), B(5, !4),


C(5, 0), D(0, 0)

!4 !4 !4
R
2
2
2

11. B

12. B

13. D(!3, 6), E(!2, !3),


F(!10, !4)

14.

0
1.5 !2.5
R
2 !1.5
0

16. A(0, 6), B(4.5, !4.5),


C(!7.5, 0)

15. B

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

93

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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17.

18. B

19. X(!1, 1), Y(!4, 2),


Z(!1, 7)

20.

2 5 4 1
R
4 4 1 1

21. B
23.

F'
25.

22. D(4, !2), E(4, !5),


F(1, !4), G(1, !1)

y D

G
O G'

1
2
7
R
!1 !4 !1

24. E(6, !2), F(8, !9)

D'
E'
2
4
2 !3
R ! (!1) #
3 !3 !5 !2

26. B

J(!5, 3), K(7, 2), L(4, !1)

!2 !4 !2 3
R
!3
3
5 2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

94

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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27.

28. 180' rotation

4 !4 !4 4
R
!4 !4
4 4

4 !4 !4 4
R
!4 !4
4 4

30. B

29. B

4 4 !4 !4
R
!4 4
4 !4

31. B

32. The figures in Exercise 29


and Exercise 30 have the
same coordinates, but the
figure in Exercise 31 has
different coordinates.

33. (!1.5, !1.5), (!4.5, !1.5),


(!6, !3.75), (!3, !3.75)

34. (!3.75, !2.625)

3
35. B R
4

36. (6.5, 6.25)

37. (!8, 7), (!7, !8), and


(8, !7)

38. The object is reflected over


the x-axis, then translated
6 units to the right.

39. Multiply the coordinates

40. No; since the translation


does not change the
y-coordinate, it does not
matter whether you do the
translation or the reflection
over the x-axis first. However,
if the translation did change
the y-coordinate, then order
would be important.

1
0
R,
0 !1

by B

then add the

6
0

result to B R.

41. (17, !2), (23, 2)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

42. There is no single matrix to


achieve this. However, you
could reflect the object over
the y-axis and then translate
it 2(3) or 6 units to the right.

95

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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43. Transformations are used in


computer graphics to create
special effects. You can
simulate the movement of an
object, like in space, which
you wouldnt be able to
recreate otherwise. Answers
should include the following.
A figure with points (a, b),
(c, d), (e, f ), (g, h), and (i, j)
could be written in a 2 " 5
a c e g i
R
b d f h j

matrix B

44. B

and

multiplied on the left by the


2 " 2 rotation matrix.
The object would get
smaller and appear to be
moving away from you.
45. A

46. 2 " 2

47. undefined

48. 2 " 5

11
24 !7
8S
49. C 18 !13
33 !8 21
51.

20
10 !24
50. C 31 !46 !9 S
!10
3
7
52.

D # 53, 4, 56, R # 5!4, 5, 66;


yes

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

D # {all real numbers},


R # {all real numbers}; yes

96

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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54. 0 x 0 ) 4

53.

D # 5x 0 x ) 06,
R # 5all real numbers6; no

55. 0 x 0 ( 2.8

56. 0 x $ 1 0 * 2

59. 6

60. 5

61. 28

62.

10
3

64.

5
3

57. 0 x ! 1 0 ( 1

63.

2
3

58. 513 mi

9
4

Lesson 4-5 Determinants


Pages 185188
2 1
R
8 4

1. Sample answer: B

2. Khalid; the value of the


determinant is the difference of
the products of the diagonals.

3. It is not a square matrix.

4. Sample answer:
3 1
4 3
B
R, B
R
6 5
1 3
!2
3 5
6. 0 !1 4 #
9
7 2

5. Cross out the column and


row that contains 6. The
minor is the remaining 2 " 2
matrix.

!2 `

!1 4
0 4
0 !1
` ! 3`
` $ 5`
`
7 2
9 2
9
7

# !2(!2 ! 28) !
3(0 ! 36) $ 5(0 ! (!9))
# !2(!30) ! 3(!36) $ 5(9)
# 60 $ 108 $ 45
# 213
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

97

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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!2
3 5 !2
3
0 !1 4 0 !1
9
7 2 9
7
4 108

!45 !56
0
!2
3 5 !2
3
0 !1 4 0 !1
9
7 2 9
7
4 $ 108 $ 0 ! (!45) !
(!56) ! 0 # 213
8. 0

7. !38

10. !28

9. !40
11. !43

12. 0

13. 45

14. 26 units2

15. 20

16. !22

17. !22

18. 0

19. !29

20. !14

21. 63

22. !6

23. 32

24. !37

25. 32

26. 11.3

27. !58

28. 0

29. 62

30. 60

31. 172

32. !265

33. !22

34. 21

35. !5

36. 49

37. !141

38. !123

39. !6

40.

41. 14.5 units2

42. 12

43. about 26 ft2

44. 2875 mi2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

98

5
,
3

!1

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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1 1 1
45. Sample answer: 1 1 1
1 1 1

46. Multiply each member in the


top row by its minor and
position sign. In this case the
minor is a 3 " 3 matrix.
Evaluate the 3 " 3 matrix
using expansion by minors
again.

47. If you know the coordinates


of the vertices of a triangle,
you can use a determinant to
find the area. This is
convenient since you dont
need to know any additional
information such as the
measure of the angles.
Answers should include the
following.
You could place a
coordinate grid over a map
of the Bermuda Triangle
with one vertex at the
origin. By using the scale
of the map, you could
determine coordinates to
represent the other two
vertices and use a
determinant to estimate
the area.
The determinant method is
advantageous since you
dont need to physically
measure the lengths of
each side or the measure
of the angles between the
vertices.

48. C

49. C

50. 63.25

51. !36.9

52. !25.21

53. !493

54. 0
!2 1
2
56. B
R
1 2 !3

55. !3252
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

99

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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57. A(!5, 2.5), B(2.5, 5),


C(5, !7.5)

58.

59. [!4]

60. B

2
26
R
!9 !12
62. undefined
7 69
64. B
R
!5 16
66. y # x ! 2

61. undefined
63. [14

!8]

65. 138,435 ft
4
3

67. y # ! x

68. y # 2x $ 1

1
2

69. y # x $ 5

70. (0, !3)

71. (1, 9)

72. (2, 1)

73. (!1, 1)

74. (2, 5)

75. (4, 7)

Lesson 4-6 Cramers Rule


Pages 192194
1. The determinant of the
coefficient matrix cannot be
zero.

2. Sample answer: 2x $ y # 5
and 6x $ 3y # 8

3. 3x $ 5y # !6, 4x ! 2y # 30

4. (5, 1)

5. (0.75, 0.5)

6. (!6, !8)

8. a!5, , ! b
2
3

7. no solution
9. a6, ! , 2b
1
2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1
2

10. s $ d # 4000,
0.065s $ 0.08d # 297.50

100

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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11. savings account, $1500;


certificate of deposit, $2500

12. (2, !1)

13. (!12, 4)

14. (3, 5)

15. (6, 3)

16. (2.3, 1.4)

17. (!0.75, 3)

18. (!0.75, 0.625)


20. a , !1b
2
3

19. (!8.5625, !19.0625)


21. (4, !8)

22. (3, 10)

23. a , b
2 5
3 6

24. (!1.5, 2)

25. (3, !4)

26. (!1, 3, 4)
28. a! ,

11 39
,
19 19

27. (2, !1, 3)


29. a

141
,
29

31. a!

102 244
b
,
29 29

! b
14
19

30. (11, !17, 14)

155 143 673


b
,
,
28 70 140

32. r $ s # 8, 7r $ 5s # 50

33. race car, 5 plays; snowboard,


3 plays

34. 8s $ 13c # 604.79,

35. silk, $34.99; cotton, $24.99

36. p $ r $ c # 5, 2r ! p # 0,
3.2p $ 2.4r $ 4c # 16.8

37. peanuts, 2 lb; raisins, 1 lb;


pretzels, 2 lb

38. If the determinant is zero,


there is no unique solution to
the system. There is either
no solution or there are
infinitely many solutions.
Sample answer: 2x $ y # 4
and 4x $ 2y # 8 has a det #
0; there are infinitely many
solutions of this system.
2x $ y # 4 and
4x $ 2y # 10 has a det # 0;
there are no solutions of this
system.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1
2

5 s $ 14c # 542.30

101

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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39. Cramers Rule is a formula


for the variables x and y
where (x, y) is a solution for
a system of equations.
Answers should include the
following.
Cramers Rule uses
determinants composed of
the coefficients and
constants in a system of
linear equations to solve
the system.
Cramers Rule is
convenient when
coefficients are large or
involve fractions or
decimals. Finding the
value of the determinant is
sometimes easier than
trying to find a greatest
common factor if you are
solving by using
elimination or substituting
complicated numbers.

40. B

41. 111', 69'

42. 16

43. 40

44. !53

1 1 1
R
3 3 3

45. B

46. A(1, 5), B(!2, 2),


C(!1, !1)

47.

48.

y
y ! 3x " 5
(#2, #1)

y ! #2x # 5

(!2, !1)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

102

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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49.

50.

y
x"y !7

y
2x # 4y ! 12

(4, 3)

1
x # y ! #1
2

x # 2y ! 10

(4, 3)

no solution

51. c # 10h $ 35
72
9
53. B
R
66 !23

52. [!4 32]


21
54. B R
43

Chapter 4
Practice Quiz 2
Page 194
1
4
1 !2
R
2 !1 !4 !1

1. B

2. A(!1, 2), B(!4, !1),


C(!1, !4), D(2, !1)

3.

4. 22

5. !58

6. !105

7. 26

8. (1, !2)
10. (1, 2, 1)

9. (4, !5)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

103

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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Lesson 4-7
1
0
1. D
0
0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

Identity and Inverse Matrices


Pages 198201

0
0
T
0
1

2. Exchange the values for a


and d in the first diagonal in
the matrix. Multiply the
values for b and c by !1 in
the second diagonal in the
matrix. Find the determinant
of the original matrix. Multiply
the negative reciprocal of the
determinant by the matrix
with the above mentioned
changes.
3 3
R
3 3

3. Sample answer: B

4. no

5. yes

6. B

7. no inverse exists

8. !

2 5
R
3 8
4
1
B
27 !7

10. yes

9. See students work.


11. yes

12. no

13. no

14. yes

15. yes

16. true

17. true

18. true
1 1 0
R
20. B
5 0 5

19. false

1
3

21. no inverse exists


23.

1 1
B
7 4

25.

1 !6
B
4 !2

22. ! B

!1
R
3

1 !2
R
!2
1

24. no inverse exists

!7
R
!3

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

!1
R
!5

26.

104

7
1
B
34 !2

3
R
4

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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6
1
B
12 !5

27. !

29.

0
R
!2

1
1
B
32 !6

5
R
2

3
4

31. 10 C

1
!
5

5
8

3
10

28. no inverse exists

30. 4 C

1
4

3
4

1
!
6

1
2

32a. no
32b. Sample answer:
y

C
A

O A'

A''

B''
C''

33a. yes
33b. Sample answer:

34. B

0 !4 4 8
R
0
4 12 8

35. B

37. dilation by a scale factor of

B'
C'

0 !2 2 4
R
0
2 6 4

36. dilation by a scale factor of 2


1
2

38. B D
!1

1
2

1
2

T;

the graph of the

inverse transformation is the


original figure.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

105

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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39. MEET_IN_THE_LIBRARY

40. AT_SIX_THIRTY

41. BRING_YOUR_BOOK

42. See students work.

43. a # +1, d # +1, b # c # 0

44. A matrix can be used to


code a message. The key to
the message is the inverse
of the matrix. Answers
should include the following.
The inverse matrix undoes
the work of the matrix. So
if you multiply a numeric
message by a matrix it
changes the message.
When you multiply the
changed message by the
inverse matrix, the result is
the original numeric
message.
You must consider the
dimensions of the coding
matrix so that you can
write the numeric
message in a matrix with
dimensions that can be
multiplied by the coding
matrix.
46. D

45. A
!5 !9
R
47. B
!6 !11
3
5

1
5

1
5

2
!
5

49. C

48. no inverse exists

!1

1
3

1
3

2
3

0V

51. F !

7
3

8
3

1
3
2
5
16

1
2
2
1
!
8

1
4

5
32

3
16

52. F!

1
3

S
1
16

1
V
4
1
32

54. (0, 7)

53. (2, !4)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

2
5

50. C

3
5

106

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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55. (!5, 4, 1)

56. 52

57. !14

58. 0

59. 1

60. !3

61. !5

62.

63.

1
3
3
8

5
2

64. !

66. 27

65. 7.82 tons/in2

1
2

1
2

67. 5

68. !

69. 3

70. 296

71. 300

72. !1

73. !2

74. 6

75. 4

76. !27

77. !34

Lesson 4-8

Using Matrices to Solve Systems of Equations


Pages 205207

1. 2r ! 3s # 4, r $ 4s # !2

2. Sample answer: x $ 3y # 8
and 2x $ 6y # 16

3. Tommy; a 2 " 1 matrix


cannot be multiplied by a
2 " 2 matrix.

4. B

1 !1
x
!3
R!B R#B R
1
3
y
5

3 !5
2
a
6. C 4
7
1S ! CbS
2
0 !1
c

2
3
g
8
5. B
R!B R#B R
!4 !7
h
!5

7. (5, !2)

9
# C 3S
12
8. (1.5, !4)

9. (!3, 5)

10. (1, 1.75)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

107

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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3 !1
x
0
R!B R#B
R
1
2
y
!21

11. h # 1, c # 12

12. B

5 !6
a
!47
R!B R#B
R
3
2
b
!17

4 !7
x
2
R!B R#B R
3
5
y
9

13. B

14. B

3 !7
m
!43
R!B R#B
R
15. B
6
5
n
!10

2
3 !5
a
16. C 7
0
3S ! CbS
3 !6
1
c
1
# C 7S
!5

3 !5 2
x
17. C 1 !7 3 S ! C y S
4 0 !3
z

1 !1
0
x
18. C !2 !5 !6 S ! C y S
9 10 !1
z

9
# C 11 S
!1

8
# C !27 S
54

3
!5
6
r
19. C 11 !12 16 S ! C s S
!5
8
!3
t

20. (5, !2)

21
# C 15 S
!7
21. (3, 4)

22. (!2, 3)
24. a , !3b
1
2

23. (6, 1)

25. a! , 4b
1
3

26. (2, !3)

27. (!2, !2)

28. (7, 3)

30. a!1, b
9
2

29. (0, 9)
31. a , b
3 1
2 3

32. 27 h of flight instruction and


23 h in the simulator
34. 80 mL of the 60% solution, and
120 mL of the 40% solution

33. 2010

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

108

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

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35. The solution set is the empty


set or infinite solutions.

36. The food and territory that two


species of birds require form
a system of equations. Any
independent system of
equations can be solved using
a matrix equation. Answers
should include the following.
Let a represent the
number of nesting pairs of
Species A and let b
represent the number of
nesting pairs of Species B.
Then, 140a $ 120b #
20,000 and 500a $ 400b #
69,000.
a
B R#
b
400
1
B
4000 !500

!120
20,000
R!B
R;
140
69,000

a # 70 and b # 85, so the


area can support 70 pairs
of Species A and 85 pairs
of Species B.
37. D

38. 17 small, 24 medium, 11 large

39. (!6, 2, 5)

40. (1, !3, 2)


!1

1
!
2

42. C

3
4

41. (0, !1, 3)


4 !5
R
!7
9
45. (4, !2)
43. B

44. no inverse exists


46. (4.27, !5.11)

47. (!6, !8)

48. about 114.3 ft

49. {!4, 10}

50. {!5, 1}

51. {2, 7}

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

109

Algebra 2

Chapter 4

PQ245-6457F-P05[110-134]

7/24/02

1:30 PM

Page 110 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-05:

Chapter 5 Polynomials
Lesson 5-1 Monomials
Pages 226228
1. Sample answer:
(2x 2)3 ! 8x 6 since
(2x 2)3 ! 2x 2 ! 2x 2 ! 2x 2 !
2x ! x ! 2x ! x ! 2x ! x ! 8x 6

2. Sometimes; in general,
x y ! x z ! x y$z, so
x y ! x z ! x yz when
y $ z ! yz, such as when
y ! 2 and z ! 2.

3. Alejandra; when Kyle used the


Power of a Product Property
in his first step, he forgot
to put an exponent of "2 on a.
Also, in his second step,

4. x 10

1
4

("2)"2 should be , not 4.


5. 16b 4

6. 1

7. "6y 2

8. "

ab 4
9

9. 9p 2q 3

10.

1
w z

9
c d

12.

1
4x 6

11.

2 2

12 6

13. 4.21 # 105

14. 8.62 # 10"4

15. 3.762 # 103

16. 5 # 100

17. about 1.28 s

18. a 8

19. b 4

20. n16

21. z10

22. 16x 4

23. "8c 3

24. an

25. "y 3z 2

26.

27. "21b5c 3

28. ab

29. "24r 7s 5

30. 24x 4y 4

31. 90a4b4

32. "

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

28x 4
y2

1
4y 4

110

Algebra 2

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33.

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a 2c 2
3b 4
m 4n 9
3

35. "

34.

cd 4
5

36.

a4
16b 4

37.

8y 3
x6

38.

1
x y

39.

1
3 6
v w

40.

a 4b 2
2

41.

2x 3y 2
5z 7

42. 6

2 2

43. 7

44. 4.623 # 102

45. 4.32 # 104

46. 1.843 # 10"4

47. 6.81 # 10"3

48. 5.0202 # 108

49. 6.754 # 108

50. 1.245 # 1010

51. 6.02 # 10"5

52. 4.5 # 102

53. 6.2 # 1010

54. 4.225 # 109

55. 1.681 # 10"7

56. 6.08 # 109

57. 2 # 10"7 m

58. 1.67 # 1025

59. about 330,000 times

60. 10010 ! (102)10 or 1020, and


10100 % 1020, so 10100 % 10010.

61. Definition of an exponent

62. (ab)m
m factors
6447448
! ab ! ab ! p ! ab
m factors
m factors
64748
64748
!a!a!p!a!b!b!p!b
! a mb m

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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63. Economics often involves


large amounts of money.
Answers should include the
following.
The national debt in 2000
was five trillion, six hundred
seventy-four billion, two
hundred million or 5.6742 #
1012 dollars. The population
was two hundred eighty-one
million or 2.81 # 108.
Divide the national debt by
the population.
5.6742 # 1012
2.81 # 108

64. D

$2.0193 # 104 or
about $20,193 per person.
66. (1, 2)
"2 "5
68. c
d
1
2

65. B
67. ("3, 3)
69. C

1
2

"

3
2 S

70. "6

1 "2

71. 7

72. (2, 3, "1)

73. (2, 0, 4)

74.

Median Age (yr)

Median Age of Vehicles


y
8
7
6
5
4
0

10
20
30
Years Since 1970

75. Sample answer using (0, 4.9)


and (28, 8.3): y ! 0.12x $ 4.9

76. Sample answer: 9.7 yr

77. 7

78. "3

79. 2x $ 2y

80. 3x " 3z

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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81. 4x $ 8

82. "6x $ 10

83. "5x $ 10y

84. 3y " 15

Lesson 5-2 Polynomials


Page 231232
1. Sample answer: x 5 $ x 4 $ x 3

2. 4

3.

4. yes, 1

x
x

x
2

x
2

5. yes, 3

6. no

7. 10a " 2b

8. "3x 2 " 7x $ 8
10. 10p 3q 2 " 6p 5q 3 $ 8p3q 5

9. 6xy $ 18x
11. y 2 " 3y " 70

12. x 2 $ 9x $ 18

13. 4z 2 " 1

14. 4m 2 " 12mn $ 9n 2

15. 7.5x 2 $ 12.5x ft 2

16. yes, 2

17. yes, 3

18. no

19. no

20. yes, 6

21. yes, 7

22. 4x 2 $ 3x " 7

23. "3y " 3y 2

24. r 2 " r $ 6

25. 10m 2 $ 5m " 15

26. 4x 2 " 3xy " 6y 2

27. 7x 2 " 8xy $ 4y 2

28. 4b 2c " 4bdz

29. 12a 3 $ 4ab

30. 15a3b3 " 30a4b3 $ 15a5b6

31. 6x 2y 4 " 8x 2y 2 $ 4xy 5

32. 6x 3 $ 9x 2y " 12x 3y 2

33. 2a4 " 3a3b $ 4a4b4

34. 46.75 " 0.018x

35. "0.001x 2 $ 5x " 500

36. $5327.50

37. p 2 $ 2p " 24

38. a 2 $ 9a $ 18

39. b 2 " 25

40. 36 " z 2

41. 6x 2 $ 34x $ 48

42. 8y 2 $ 16y " 42

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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43. a 6 " b 2

44. 2m 4 " 7m 2 " 15

45. x 2 " 6xy $ 9y 2

46. 1 $ 8c $ 16c 2

47. d 2 " 2 $

1
d4

48. xy 3 $ y $

1
x

49. 27b 3 " 27b 2c $ 9bc 2 " c 3

50. x 3 " y 3

51. 9c 2 " 12cd $ 7d 2

52. "18x 2 $ 27x " 10

53. R 2 $ 2RW $ W 2

54. 14; Sample answer:


(x 8 $ 1)(x 6 $ 1) !
x 14 $ x 8 $ x 6 $ 1

55. The expression for how much


an amount of money will grow
to is a polynomial in terms of
the interest rate. Answers
should include the following.
If an amount A grows by r
percent for n years, the
amount will be A(1 $ r )n
after n years. When this
expression is expanded, a
polynomial results.
13,872(1 $ r )3, 13,872r 3 $
41,616r 2 $ 41,616r $
13,872
Evaluate one of the
expressions when r ! 0.04.
For example,
13,872(1 $ r)3 !
13,872(1.04)3 or $15,604.11
to the nearest cent. The
value given in the table is
$15,604 rounded to the
nearest dollar.

56. D

57. B

58. "64d 6

59. 20r 3t 4

60.

61.

b2
4a 2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

xz 2
y2

62. (1, 4)

114

Algebra 2

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63.

Page 115 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-05:

64.

x ! y $ #2
x

y " # 13 x ! 2

65.

66. x 2

2x ! y " 1

68. xy 2

67. 2y 3
69. 3a 2

Lesson 5-3 Dividing Polynomials


Pages 236238
1. Sample answer:
(x 2 $ x $ 5) & (x $ 1)

2. The divisor contains an x 2


term.

3. Jorge; Shelly is subtracting in


the columns instead of adding.

4. 6y " 3 $ 2x

5. 5b " 4 $ 7a

6. x " 12

7. 3a3 " 9a2 $ 7a " 6

8. z 4 $ 2z 3 $ 4z 2 $ 5z $ 10

9. x 2 " xy $ y 2

10. x 2 $ 11x " 34 $

11. b3 $ b " 1

12. 2y $ 5

13. 3b $ 5

14. B

15. 3ab " 6b 2

16. 5y "

17. 2c 2 " 3d $ 4d 2

18. 4n 2 $ 3mn " 5m

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

115

6y 2
x

60
x$2

$ 3xy 2

Algebra 2

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2
b

19. 2y 2 $ 4yz " 8y 3z 4

20. "a2b $ a "

21. b 2 $ 10b

22. x " 15

23. n 2 " 2n $ 3

24. 2c 2 $ c $ 5 $

25. x 3 " 5x 2 $ 11x " 22 $

39
x$2

26. 6w 4 $ 12w 3 $ 24w 2 $


30w $ 60

27. x 2

28. x 2 $ 3x $ 9

29. y 2 " y " 1

30. m 2 " 7

31. a3 " 6a 2 " 7a $ 7 $

3
a$1

32. 2m 3 $ m 2 $ 3m "
1$

5
m"3

34. 3c 4 " c 3 $ 2c 2 " 4c $

33. x 4 " 3x 3 $ 2x 2 " 6x $


19 "

6
c"2

56
x$3

9"

13
c$2
4
b$1

35. g $ 5

36. 2b 2 " b " 1 $

37. t 4 $ 2t 3 $ 4t 2 $ 5t $ 10

38. y 4 " 2y 3 $ 4y 2 " 8y $ 16

39. 3t 2 " 2t $ 3

40. h 2 " 4h $ 17 "

41. 3d 2 $ 2d $ 3 "
43. x 3 " x "

2
3d " 2

42. x 2 $ x " 1

6
2x $ 3

44. 2x 3 $ x 2 " 1 $
46. x 2 " 1 $

47. x $ 2

48. x " 3

49. x 2 " x $ 3

50. 2y 2 " 3y $ 1

116

2
3x $ 1

"3x $ 7
x2 $ 2

45. x " 3

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

51
2h $ 3

Algebra 2

Chapter 5

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7/24/02

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51. $0.03x $ 4 $

Page 117 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-05:

1000
x

52. Let x be the number.


Multiplying by 3 results in 3x.
The sum of the number, 8,
and the result of the
multiplication is x $ 8 $ 3x
or 4x $ 8. Dividing by the
sum of the number and
2 gives

4x $ 8
x$2

or 4. The end

result is always 4.
53. 170 "

170
t $1

54. 85 people

55. x 3 $ x 2 $ 6x " 24 ft

56. x " 2 s

57. x 2 $ 3x $ 12 ft /s

58. Sample answer: r 3 " 9r 2 $


27r " 28 and r " 3

59. Division of polynomials can


be used to solve for unknown
quantities in geometric
formulas that apply to
manufacturing situations.
Answers should include the
following.
8x in. by 4x $ s in.
The area of a rectangle is
equal to the length times
the width. That is, A ! /w .
Substitute 32x 2 $ x for A,
8x for /, and 4x $ s for w.
Solving for s involves
dividing 32x 2 $ x by 8x.
A ! /w
2
32x $ x ! 8x (4x $ s)

60. A

32x 2 $ x
8x
1
4x $
8
1
8

! 4x $ s
! 4x $ s
!s

The seam is
61. D

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1
8

inch.
62. "x 2 " 4x $ 14
117

Algebra 2

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63. y 4z 4 " y 3z 3 $ 3y 2z

64. y 2 $ 2y " 15

65. a 2 " 2ab $ b 2

66. 5 # 102 s or 8 min 20 s

67. y ! "x $ 2

68. y ! x "

69. 9

70. 12

71. 4

72. 3

73. 6

74. 5

2
3

4
3

Chapter 5
Practice Quiz 1
Page 238
1. 6.53 # 108

2. 7.2 # 10"3

3. "108x 8y 3

4.

5.

x2
z6

a3
b4c 3

6. 2x $ 5y

7. 3t 2 $ 2t " 8
9. m 2 " 3 "

8. n3 " n 2 " 5n $ 2

19
m"4

10. d 2 $ d " 3

Lesson 5-4 Factoring Polynomials


Pages 242244
1. Sample answer: x 2 $ 2x $ 1

3. sometimes

2. Sample answer: If a ! 1 and


b ! 1, then a 2 $ b 2 ! 2 but
1a $ b2 2 ! 4.

5. a(a $ 5 $ b)

6. (x $ 7)(3 " y)

7. (y $ 2)(y " 4)

8. (z " 6)(z $ 2)

4. "6x(2x $ 1)

9. 3(b " 4)(b $ 4)

10. (4w $ 13)(4w " 13)

11. (h $ 20)(h 2 " 20h $ 400)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

12.

118

x"4
x"7

Algebra 2

Chapter 5

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13.

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2y
y"4

14. x $ y cm

15. 2x(y 3 " 5)

16. 6ab 2(a $ 3b)

17. 2cd 2(6d " 4c $ 5c 4d )

18. prime

19. (2z " 3)(4y " 3)

20. (3a $ 1)(x " 5)

21. (x $ 1)(x $ 6)

22. (y " 1)(y " 4)

23. (2a $ 1)(a $ 1)

24. (2b " 1)(b $ 7)

25. (2c $ 3)(3c $ 2)

26. (3m $ 2)(4m " 3)

27. 3(n $ 8)(n " 1)

28. 3(z $ 3)(z $ 5)

29. (x $ 6)2

30. (x " 3)2

31. prime

32. 3(m $ n)(m " n)

33. (y 2 $ z)(y 2 " z)

34. 3(x $ 3y)(x " 3y)

35. (z $ 5)(z 2 " 5z $ 25)

36. (t " 2)(t 2 $ 2t $ 4)

37. (p 2 $ 1)(p $ 1)(p " 1)

38. (x 2 $ 9)(x $ 3)(x " 3)

39. (7a $ 2b)(c $ d )(c " d )

40. (8x $ 3)(x $ y $ z)

41. (a " b)(5ax $ 4by $ 3cz)

42. (a $ 3b)(3a $ 5)(a " 1)

43. (3x " 2)(x $ 1)

44. (2y $ 1)(y $ 4)

45. 30 ft by 40 ft

46.

x$1
x"4
x"5
x"2

47.

x$5
x"6

48.

49.

x"4
x $ 2x $ 4

50. x

51. x $ 2

52. x " 1 s

53. 16x $ 16 ft /s

54. x " 8 cm

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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Algebra 2

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55. (8pn $ 1)2

56. Factoring can be used to find


possible dimensions of a
geometric figure, given the
area. Answers should include
the following.
Since the area of the
rectangle is the product of
its length and its width, the
length and width are factors
of the area. One set of
possible dimensions is
4x " 2 by x $ 3.
The complete factorization
of the area is 2(2x " 1)
(x $ 3), so the factor of
2 could be placed with
either 2x " 1 or x $ 3
when assigning the
dimensions.

57. B

58. C

59. yes

60. no; (x $ 2)(x 2 " 2x $ 4)

61. no; (2x $ 1)(x " 3)

62. yes

63. t 2 " 2t $ 1

64. y $ 3

65. x 2 $ 2

66. x 3 $ x 2 " 2x $ 2 $

67. 4x 2 $ 3xy " 3y 2

68. 14x 2 $ 26x " 4


70. c

69. ["2]

1
3x " 2

"36 7
d
18 4

72. yes

71. 15 in. by 28 in.


73. no

74. Distributive Property

75. Associative Property ($)

76. rational

77. irrational

78. rational

79. rational

80. irrational

81. rational

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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Lesson 5-5 Roots of Real Numbers


Pages 247249
1. Sample answer: 64

2. If all of the powers in the


result of an even root have
even exponents, the result is
nonnegative without taking
absolute value.

3. Sometimes; it is true when


x % 0.

4. 8.775

5. "2.668

6. 2.632

7. 4

8. 2

9. "3

10. not a real number

11. x

12. 0 y 0

15. about 3.01 mi

14. 0 4x $ 3y 0
16. 11.358

17. "12.124

18. 0.933

19. 2.066

20. 3.893

21. "7.830

22. 4.953

23. 3.890

24. 4.004

25. 4.647

26. 26.889

27. 59.161

28. 15

29. '13

30. not a real number

31. 18

32. "3

33. "2

34.

13. 6 0 a 0 b 2

1
4

1
5

36. 0.5

37. "0.4

38. z 2

35.

39. " 0 x 0
41. 8a 4

40. 7 0 m3 0

43. "c 2

44. 25g 2

42. 3r

46. 5x 2 0 y 3 0

45. 4z 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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Algebra 2

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49. 3p 6 0 q 3 0

48. 13x 4y 2

53. p $ q

52. 0 4x " y 0

57. not a real number

56. 0 2a $ 1 0
58. 2

59. "5

60. about 127.28 ft

61. about 1.35 m

62. about 11,200 m)s

63. x ! 0 and y ( 0, or y ! 0
and x ( 0

64. The speed and length of a


wave are related by an
expression containing a
square root. Answers should
include the following.
about 1.90 knots, about
3.00 knots, and 4.24 knots
As the value of / increases,
the value of s increases.

65. B

66. D

67. 7xy 2(y " 2xy 3 $ 4x 2)

68. (a $ 3)(b " 5)

69. (2x $ 5)(x $ 5)

70. (c " 6)(c 2 $ 6c $ 36)

47. 6x 2z 2

50. 2ab

51. "3c 3d 4

54. " 0 x $ 2 0

55. 0 z $ 4 0

71. 4x 2 $ x $ 5 $
73. c

810 2320
d
1418 2504

8
x"2

72. x 3 " x 2 $ x
74. ("2, 2)

75. (1, "3)

76. (9, 4)

77. x 2 $ 11x $ 24

78. y 2 $ 3y " 10

79. a 2 " 7a " 18

80. a 2 $ 3ab $ 2b 2

81. x 2 " 9y 2

82. 6w 2 " 7wz " 5z 2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

122

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Lesson 5-6 Radical Expressions


Pages 254256
1. Sometimes;

1
n

1a

2. Sample answer:
22 $ 23 $ 22

! 1a only

when a ! 1.
3. The product of two
conjugates yields a
difference of two squares.
Each square produces a
rational number and the
difference of two rational
numbers is a rational
number.

4. 1527

4
5. 2x 0 y 0 2x

6.

214y
4y
3

8. 225

7. "24235

4
10. 523 $ 323

9. 2a 2b 2 23
3
11. 22 22

12. 3 $ 323 " 25 " 215

13. 2 $ 25

14. about 49 mph

15. 923

16. 622

3
17. 322

4
18. 226

19. 5x 2 22

3
20. 2y 22

21. 3 0 x 0 y 22y

22. 2ab 2 210a

23. 6y 2z 27

3
24. 4mn23mn 2

25.

26.

1
wz
2

28.

2 54
3

30.

2r 4 2t
t5

1
c 0d
3
3

27.

26
2

29.

a 2 2b
b2

4
02
c

32. "60230

31. 36 27
33.

5
2
wz 2

26
2

34.

210
5

35. 323

36. 522

37. 723 " 222

38. 425 $ 23 26

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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39. 25 " 522 $ 526 " 223

40. 6 $ 326 $ 227 $ 242

41. 13 " 2222

42. 8 " 2215

43.

28 $ 7 23
13

44.

5 26 " 3 22
22

45.

"1 " 23
2

46.

12 $ 7 22
23

47.

2x 2 " 1
x"1

48. 2x $ 1

49. 6 $ 1622 yd, 24 $ 622 yd2

50. The square root of a


difference is not the
difference of the square
roots.

51. 0 ft /s

52. d ! v

53. about 18.18 m

54. 80 ft /s or about 55 mph

55. x and y are nonnegative.

56. The formula for the time it


takes an object to fall a
certain distance can be
written in various forms
involving radicals. Answers
should include the following.
By the Quotient Property

24.9h
4.9

of Radicals, t !
Multiply by

2g
2g

22d
2g

to

rationalize the denominator.


The result is h !
about 1.12 s
57. B

58. D

59. 12z 4

60. 6ab 3

61. 0 y $ 2 0
63.

62.

x$7
x"4

"2 "4
64. 9 15
3 "5

x$1
x$4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

22dg
.
g

124

Algebra 2

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65. c

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1
4
d
"5 "4

66. 16, "15

67. consistent and independent

68. $4.20

69. "5

70. 2

71. "2, 4

72. " , 1

7
3

73. 5x 0 x % 66
75.

1
4

77.

74. 5x 0 x ( "76
76.

1
2

5
6

78.

13
12

79.

13
24

80.

19
30

81.

3
8

82. "

5
12

Chapter 5
Practice Quiz 2
Page 256
1. x 2y (3x $ y $ 1)

2. prime

3. a(x $ 3)2

4. 8(r " 2s 2)(r 2 $ 2rs 2 $ 4s 4)


6. "4a 2b 3

5. 6 0 x 0 0 y 3 0

7. 0 2n $ 3 0

8.
10.

9. "1 "17

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

125

x 2 2y
y2
8 " 3 22
2

Algebra 2

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Lesson 5-7 Rational Exponents


Pages 260262
2. In radical form, the expression
would be 2"16, which is
not a real number because
the index is even and the
radicand is negative.

1. Sample answer: 64

3. In exponential1 form 2bm is


equal to (b m)n . By the Power
of a 1Power
Property,
m
m
m n
n
(b ) ! b . But, b n is also
1
equal to (b n )mby the Power of
a Power Property. This last
n
expression is equal to ( 2b)m .
n
n
Thus, 2bm ! (2b)m.

3
4. 27

3
3
5. 2x 2 or (2x)2

6. 264

8. 5

7. 63x 3y 3
9.

1
3

10. 9
11

12. a12

11. 2

13. x

2
3

14.

z3
2z

16.

m 3 n3
mn

3
2

15. a b

2
3

17.

z (x " 2y)2
x " 2y

18. 23x

19. 23

20. $5.11

5
21. 26

3
22. 24

5
5
23. 2c 2 or (2c)2

3
24. x 2 2x 2
1

26. 623

25. 232

27. 2 z 2

28. 53 x 3 y 3

29. 2

30. 6

31.

1
5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

32.

126

1
27

Algebra 2

Chapter 5

PQ245-6457F-P05[110-134]

33.

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1
8

1
9

34. "

35. 81

36. 4096

37.

2
3

38. 27

39.

4
3

40.

42. x 3

41. y 4
1

43. b 5

44. a9
5
x6
46.
x

45.

1
2

w5
w

48. r 2

47. t 4

15

49.

a12
6a

51.

y 2 " 2y 2
y"4

50.

2c 16
c

52.

x $ 3x 2 $ 2
x"1

53. 25

54. 23

6
55. 17 217

6
56. 5255
3

58. b29a 2b

57. 25x 2y 2
59.

xy 1z
z

60.

ab 2 c 2
c
3

61. 12

62. 26

63. 216 " 5

64. x " x 3z 3

65. 22 $ 32

66. 2 ! 3 3

67. 880 vibrations per second

68. about 262 vibrations per


second

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

127

Algebra 2

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69. about 336

70. Rewrite the equation so that


the bases are the same on
each side.
1
9x ! 3x$ 2
1
(32 )x ! 3x$ 2
1
32x ! 3x$ 2
Since the bases are the
same and this is an equation,
the exponents must be equal.
1
2

Solve 2x ! x $ . The result


1
2

is x ! .
71. The equation that determines
the size of the region around a
planet where the planets gravity
is stronger than the Suns can
be written in terms of a
fractional exponent. Answers
should include the following.
The radical form of the
equation is r ! D 5 a

Mp

B Ms

Mp2
.
B Ms2

r ! D5

72. C

or

Multiply the

fraction under the radical by

Ms3
Ms3

Mp2 Ms3
!
B Ms2 Ms3

r ! D5

Mp2 Ms3
B Ms5

! D5
!D
!

5
2
Mp2Ms3
5
2
Ms5

5
D2
Mp2Ms3

Ms

The simplified radical form is


r!

5
D2
Mp2 Ms3

Ms

If Mp and Ms are constant,


then r increases as D
increases because r is a
linear function of D with
positive slope.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

128

Algebra 2

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74. 2x 0 y 0 2x

73. C
75. 36 22

76. 222

78. 4 0 x " 5 0

77. 8
79.

1 2
x
2

80. 1440

81. x " 2

82. 2x " 3

83. x $ 22x $ 1

84. 4x " 122x $ 9

Lesson 5-8

Radical Equations and Inequalities


Pages 265267

1. Since x is not under the


radical, the equation is a
linear equation, not a radical
equation. The solution is
x!

2. The trinomial is a perfect


square in terms of 1x .
x " 61x $ 9 ! (1x " 3)2,
so the equation can be
written as (1x " 3)2 ! 0.
Take the square root of each
side to get 1x " 3 ! 0. Use
the Addition Property of
Equality to add 3 to each
side, then square each side
to get x ! 9.

23 " 1
.
2

3. Sample answer:
2x $ 2x $ 3 ! 3

4. 2

5. "9

6. no solution

7. 15

8. 18
3
2

9. 31

10. " * x * 39

11. 0 * b + 4

12. about 13.42 cm

13. 16

14. 49

15. no solution

16. no solution

17. 9

18. 5

19. "1

20.

21. "20

22. 5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

129

27
2

Algebra 2

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23. no solution

24. 9

25. x % 1

26. "2 * x * 1

27. x * "11

28. y % 4

29. no solution

30. 4

31. 3

32. no solution

33. 0 * x * 2

34. 0 * a + 3

35. b ( 5

36. c % "

37. 3

38. 16

39. 1152 lb

40. t !

41. 34 ft

42. 21.125 kg

43. Since 1x $ 2 ( 0 and


12x " 3 ( 0, the left side of
the equation is nonnegative.
Therefore, the left side of the
equation cannot equal "1.
Thus, the equation has no
solution.

44. If a companys cost and


number of units manufactured
are related by an equation
involving radicals or rational
exponents, then the
production level associated
with a given cost can be
found by solving a radical
equation. Answers should
include the following.
3
C ! 102n 2 $ 1500

79
16

4, 2r 3
B GM

10,000 ! 10n 3 $ 1500

C ! 10,000

8500 ! 10n
2

850 ! n 3
3

8502 ! n

2
3

Subtract 1500
from each side.
Divide each
side by 10.
Raise each
side to the
3
power.
2

24,781.55 ! n

Use a
calculator.

Round down so that the cost


does not exceed $10,000.
The company can make at
most 24,781 chips.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

130

Algebra 2

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45. D

46. C

3
7

47. 5

48. (x $ 7)2

50. 6 0 x 3 0 y 22y

49. (x 2 $ 1)3
3

51.

2 100
10

52. 28 " 1023


54. 4 $ x

53. x $ y ! 7, 30x $ 20y ! 160;


(2, 5)
y

30x ! 20y " 160


(2, 5)

x !y "7

55. 1 " y

56. 2 $ 4x

57. "11

58. 4 $ 6z $ 2z 2

59. "3 " 10x " 8x 2

Lesson 5-9 Complex Numbers


Pages 273275
1a. true
1b. true

2. all of them

3. Sample answer: 1 $ 3i and


1 " 3i

4. 6i

5. 5i 0 xy 0 22

6. 12

7. "18023

8. i
10. 42 " 2i

9. 6 $ 3i
11.

7
17

"

11
i
17

12. '3i

13. '2i22

14. 'i25

15. 3, "3

16. 5, 4

17. 10 $ 3j amps

18. 12i

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

131

Algebra 2

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21. 10a 2 0 b 0 i

20. 8x 2i

23. "12

24. "48i

25. "75i

26. i

27. 1

28. "1

29. "i

30. 9 $ 2i

31. 6

32. 2

33. 4 " 5i

34. 25

35. 6 " 7i

36. 8 $ 4i

37. "8 $ 4i

38.

2
5

40.

39
17

19. 9i

39.

10
17

41.

2
5

"

22. "1322

6
i
17

1
5

43. 20 $ 15i
1
3

14
i
17

42. "163 " 16i

$ i

45. " "

6
5

$ i

44.

2 22
i
3

11
14

"

5 23
i
14

46. (j $ 4)x 2 $ (3 " i )x $ 2 " 4i

47. (5 " 2i )x 2 $ ("1 $ i )x $ 7 $ i

48. 'i

49. '4i

50. 'i 26

51. '2i 23

52. 'i 23

53. '2i 210

54. '3i 25

55. '

25
i
2

56. 4, 5
7
2

58. " , "3

57. 4, "3
59.

5
,
3

61.

67 19
,
11 11

60. 3, 1

62. 5 " 2j ohms


64. 4 $ 2j amps

63. 13 $ 18j volts

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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Algebra 2

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65. Case 1: i % 0
Multiply each side by i to get
i 2 % 0 ! i or "1 % 0. This is a
contradiction.
Case 2: i + 0
Since you are assuming i is
negative in this case, you
must change the inequality
symbol when you multiply
each side by i. The result is
again i 2 % 0 ! i or "1 % 0,
a contradiction. Since both
possible cases result in
contradictions, the order
relation + cannot be
applied to the complex
numbers.

66. Some polynomial equations


have complex solutions.
Answers should include the
following.
a and c must have the
same sign.
'i

67. C

68. C

69. "1, "i, 1, i, "1, "i, 1, i, "1

70. Examine the remainder when


the exponent is divided by 4.
If the remainder is 0, the
result is 1. If the remainder is
1, the result is i. If the
remainder is 2, the result is
"1. And if the remainder is
3, the result is "i.

71. 12

72. 11

73. 4

74. x 15

75. y
77. c

1
3

76.

2
1 "2
d
3 "2
1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

a4
a

78. c

133

1
0
d
0 "1

Algebra 2

Chapter 5

PQ245-6457F-P05[110-134]

79. c

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Page 134 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-05:

2 1 "2
d
"3 2 "1

80.

B'

C'

A'

81. sofa: $1200, love seat: $600,


coffee table: $250

82.

y " #2x # 2
O

y"x!1

83.

84.

1
10

x!y"1
x # 2y " 4

85. 0

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

134

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Chapter 6 Quadratic Functions and Inequalities


Lesson 6-1 Graphing Quadratic Functions
Pages 290293
2a. (2, 1); x ! 2
2b. (#3, #2); x ! #3

1. Sample answer: f (x ) !
3x 2 " 5x # 6; 3x 2, 5x, #6
3a. up; min.
3b. down; max.
3c. down; max.
3d. up; min.

4a. 0; x ! 0; 0
4b.

x f(x)
#1 #4
0
0
1 #4

4c.

f (x)
O (0, 0)

f (x) " !4x 2

5a. 0; x ! #1; #1

6a. #1; x ! 2; 2

5b.

6b.

x f(x)
#3
3
#2
0
#1 #1
0
0
1 3

5c.

6c.

f(x)

x
0
1
2
3
4

f(x)
#1
2
3
2
#1

f(x)
(2, 3)

f (x) " x 2 # 2x

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

f (x) " !x 2 # 4x ! 1

(!1, !1)

135

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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7a. 3; x ! #4; #4

8a. 1; x ! 1; 1

7b.

8b.

x f(x)
#1
7
1
0
1 #1
2
1
3
7

8c.

f(x)

x
f(x)
#6
#9
#5 #12
#4 #13
#3 #12
#2
#9

7c.

f(x)
!10

!8

!4

!4
f (x) " 2x 2 ! 4x # 1

!8
2

f (x) " x # 8x # 3

!12
(!4, !13)

5
3

5
3

9a. 0; x ! # ; #
9b.

x
#3
#2

(1, !1)

10. max.; 7

f(x)
#3
#8

5
3

25
3

#1
0

#7
0

9c.

f(x)
4
!2

!4

!4

! 5 , ! 25
3

!8
f (x) " 3x 2 # 10x
!12

25
4

12. min.; 0

11. min.; #

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

136

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13. $8.75

14a. 0; x ! 0; 0
14b.

x f(x)
#2 8
#1 2
0 0
1 2
2 8

14c.

f (x)

f (x ) " 2x 2

(0, 0)

15a. 0; x ! 0; 0

16a. 4; x ! 0; 0

15b.

16b.

x f(x)
#2 #20
#1 #5
0
0
1 #5
2 #20

15c.

O
f (x ) " !5x

(0, 0)

16c.

f(x)
2

x f(x)
#2 8
#1 5
0 4
1 5
2 8
f(x)
12

8
(0, 4) f (x ) " x 2 # 4
!4

!2

17a. #9; x ! 0; 0

18a. #4; x ! 0; 0

17b.

18b.

x
#2
#1
0
1
2

f(x)
#5
#8
#9
#8
#5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

137

x
#2
#1
0
1
2

4x

f(x)
4
#2
#4
#2
4
Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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17c.

18c.

f(x)

f(x)

4
!4

!2

4x

!4
(0, !9)

f (x ) " 2x 2 ! 4

f (x ) " x 2 ! 9

19a. 191; x ! 0; 0

20a. 4; x ! 2; 2

19b.

20b.

x f(x)
#2 13
4
#1
0
1
1
4
2 13

19c.

20c.

f (x)

f (x ) " 3x 2 # 1

x
0
1
2
3
4

f(x)
4
1
0
1
4

f(x)

(0, 1)

f (x ) " x 2 ! 4x # 4
x

(0, !4)

(2, 0)

21a. 9; x ! 4.5; 4.5

22a. #5; x ! 2; 2

21b.

22b.

21c.

x
3
4
4.5
5
6

f(x)
#9
#11
#11.25
#11
#9

f(x)
#5
#8
#9
#8
#5

22c.

f(x)

f(x)
x

2
O

x
0
1
2
3
4

12

!4
!8
!12

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

f (x ) " x 2 ! 9x # 9
f (x ) " x 2 ! 4x ! 5

(4 12 , !1114 )

(2, !9)

138

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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23a. 36; x ! #6; #6

24a. #1; x ! #1; #1

23b.

24b.

x f(x)
#8 4
#7 1
#6 0
#5 1
#4 4

23c.

x
#3
#2
#1
0
1

f(x)
8
#1
#4
#1
8

24c.

f(x)
6

f(x)
f (x ) " 3x 2 # 6x ! 1

4
2

f (x ) " x # 12x # 36

!16 !12

!8 !4
(!6, 0)

O x

(!1, !4)

2
3

2
3

25a. #3; x ! 2, 2

26a. 0; x ! # , #

25b.

26b.

x
0
1
2
3
4

25c.

f(x)
#3
3
5
3
#3

f(x)

x
#2
#1

26c.

(2, 5)

f(x)
#4
1

2
3

4
3

0
1

0
#7

5
4

28a. #1; x ! 0; 0

27a. 0; x ! # ; #

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

f (x ) " !3x 2 ! 4x

5
4

f(x)

(! 23 , 43 )

f (x ) " !2x 2 # 8x ! 3

139

Algebra 2

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27b.

x
#3
#2

28b.

f(x)
3
#2

5
4

x
#2

25
8

#1
0

#3
0

27c.

#1

1
2

f(x)
1
1
2

#1
1
2

28c.

f(x)

f(x)
f (x ) " 0.5x 2 ! 1

f (x ) " 2x 2 # 5x
O

x
O

(! 54 , ! 258)
29a. 0; x ! #6; #6

30a.

29b.

30b.

29c.

x
#8
#7
#6
#5
#4

f(x)
8
8.75
9
8.75
8

x
(0, !1)

(!6, 9)

9
;
2

x ! #3, #3

x
#5
#4
#3
#2
#1

f(x)
2
0.5
0
0.5
2

30c.

f(x)

f(x)

4
!8

!4

(!3, 0)

!4
f (x ) " 1 x 2 # 3x # 9

f (x ) " !0.25x 2 ! 3x

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8
9

1 1
3 3

31a. # ; x ! ;
31b.

32. min.; 0

f(x)
7
9
8
#
9

#1
0
1
3

#1

5
9
7
1
9

2
31c.

f(x)

f (x ) " x ! 3 x ! 9

1
, !1
3

33. max.; #9

34. min.; #14

35. min.; #11

36. max.; 5

37. max.; 12

38. min.;

7
8

9
2

39. max.; #

40. max.; 5

41. min.; #11

42. max.; 5

43. min.; #10

1
3

44. x ! 40; (40, 40)

45. 40 m

46. 300 ft, 2.5 s

47. The y-intercept is the initial


height of the object.

48. 120 # 2x

49. 60 ft by 30 ft

50. 1800 ft2

51. $11.50

52. $2645

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

141

Algebra 2

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53. 5 in. by 4 in.

54. c; The x-coordinate of the


0
vertex of y ! ax 2 " c is #
2a
or 0, so the y-coordinate of
the vertex, the minimum of
the function, is a(0)2 " c or
c ; #12.5

55. If a quadratic function can be


used to model ticket price
versus profit, then by finding
the x-coordinate of the vertex
of the parabola you can
determine the price per ticket
that should be charged to
achieve maximum profit.
Answers should include the
following.
If the price of a ticket is too
low, then you wont make
enough money to cover
your costs, but if the ticket
price is too high fewer
people will buy them.
You can locate the vertex
of the parabola on the
graph of the function. It
occurs when x ! 40.
Algebraically, this is found

56. C

by calculating x ! #

b
2a

which, for this case, is


#4000
x!
or 40. Thus the
2(#50)

ticket price should be set


at $40 each to achieve
maximum profit.
57. C

58. #2.08

59. 3.20

60. 0.88

61. 3.38

62. 0.43

63. 1.56

64. #1

65. #1 " 3i

66. 9 # 5i

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142

Algebra 2

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67. 23

68. #13

69. 4

70. [10 #4 5]
#28
20 #44
d
72. c
8 #16
36

71. [5 #13 8]
6

73. C 14

#24

2
3

#8

74.

y
y " !3x
y!x"4

(!1, 3)

(#1, 3); consistent and


independent
75. 5

76. 8

77. #2

78. #1

Lesson 6-2

Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing


Pages 297299
2. Sample answer: f (x) ! 3x 2 "
2x # 1; 3x 2 " 2x # 1 ! 0

1a. The solution is the value that


satisfies an equation.
1b. A root is a solution of an
equation.
1c. A zero is the x value of a
function that makes the
function equal to 0.
1d. An x-intercept is the point at
which a graph crosses the
x-axis. The solutions, or roots,
of a quadratic equation are
the zeros of the related
quadratic function. You can
find the zeros of a quadratic
function by finding the
x-intercepts of its graph.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

143

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3. The x-intercepts of the


related function are the
solutions to the equation. You
can estimate the solutions by
stating the consecutive
integers between which the
x-intercepts are located.

4. #4, 1

5. #2, 1

6. #4

7. #7, 0

8. #4, 6

9. #7, 4

10. #5

11. between #2 and #1, 3

12. between #1 and 0; between


1 and 2

13. #2, 7

14. 0, 6

15. 3

16. #2, 1

17. 0

18. # , 3

19. no real solutions

20. 0, 3

21. 0, 4

22. between #5 and #4;


between 0 and 1

23. between #1 and 0; between


2 and 3

24. #4, 5

25. 3, 6

26. #7

27. 6

28. #1 , 3

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

29. # , 2

1
2

1
2

30. #4, 1

1
2

31. #2 , 3

32. between #4 and #3;


between 0 and 1

33. between 0 and 1; between 3


and 4

34. between #1 and 0, between


2 and 3

35. between #3 and #2;


between 2 and 3

36. no real solutions

37. no real solutions

38. #8, #9

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

144

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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40. Let x be the first number.


Then, #9 # x is the other
number.
x(#9 # x) ! 24
2
#x # 9x # 24 ! 0

39. Let x be the first number.


Then, 7 # x is the other
number.
x(7 # x) ! 14
2
#x " 7x # 14 ! 0

y
2

y " !x # 7x ! 14
O

y " !x ! 9x ! 24

Since the graph of the


related function does not
intersect the x-axis, this
equation has no real
solutions. Therefore, no such
numbers exist.

Since the graph of the


related function does not
intersect the x-axis, this
equation has no real
solutions. Therefore, no such
numbers exist.
41. #2, 14

42. 4 s

43. 3 s

44. about 12 s

45. about 35 mph

46. about 8 s

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

145

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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48. Answers should include the


following.
h (t )
2

47. #4 and #2; The value of the


function changes from
negative to positive, therefore
the value of the function is
zero between these two
numbers.

h (t ) " !16t # 185

180

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

2 3 4 5 t

Locate the positive


x-intercept at about 3.4.
This represents the time
when the height of the ride
is 0. Thus, if the ride were
allowed to fall to the
ground, it would take about
3.4 seconds.
49. A

50. B

51. #1

52. $3

53. 3, 5

54. #9, 1

55. $1.33

56. no real solutions

57. 4, x ! 3; 3

58. #1; x ! 1; 1
f (x)

f(x)

(1, 3)

f (x) " !4x 2 # 8x ! 1

f (x) " x 2 ! 6x # 4
(3, !5)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

146

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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59. 4; x ! #6; #6

60.

1
5

62.

1
13

f(x)

3
5

" i

8
f (x) " 1 x 2 # 3x # 4
4

4
O
!12 !8

!4
!4

(!6, !5)

61.

10
13

"

2
i
13

"

5
i
13

63. 24

64. #8

65. #60

66. $500

67. x(x " 5)

68. (x # 10)(x " 10)

69. (x # 7)(x # 4)

70. (x # 9)2

71. (3x " 2)(x " 2)

72. 2(3x " 2)(x # 3)

Lesson 6-3

Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring


Pages 303305

1. Sample answer: If the


product of two factors is
zero, then at least one of the
factors must be zero.

2. Sample answer: roots


6 and #5;
x 2 # x # 30 ! 0

3. Kristin; the Zero Product


Property applies only when
one side of the equation is 0.

4. {0, 11}

5. {#8, 2}

6. {#7, 7}

7. {3}

8. e# , 4 f
3
4

10. x 2 " 3x # 28 ! 0

9. {#3, 4}
11. 6x 2 # 11x " 4 ! 0

12. 15x 2 " 14x " 3 ! 0

13. D

14. {#8, 3}

15. {#4, 7}

16. {#5, 5}

17. {#9, 9}

18. {#6, 3}

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

147

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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20. e 0, f
5
3

19. {#3, 7}
21. e 0, # f
3
4

22. {6}
24.

23. {8}
25.

1
,
4

e#2,

1
f
4

26. e# , # f

4f

1
2

3
2

27. e# , # f

28. e# , # f

29. e ,

30. {2, 4}

31. {#3, 1}

32. 0, #6, 5

33. 0, #3, 3

34. x 2 # 9x " 20 ! 0

35. x 2 # 5x # 14 ! 0

36. x 2 " x # 20 ! 0

37. x 2 " 14x " 48 ! 0

38. 2x 2 # 7x " 3 ! 0

39. 3x 2 # 16x " 5 ! 0

40. 12x 2 # x # 6 ! 0

41. 10x 2 " 23x " 12 ! 0

42.

43. #14, #16

44. 12 cm by 16 cm

45. B ! D 2 # 8D " 16

46. 4; The logs must have a


diameter greater than 4 in.
for the rule to produce
positive board feet values.

47. y ! (x # p)(x # q)
y ! x 2 # px # qx # pq
y ! x 2 # (p " q)x # pq
a ! 1, b ! #(p " q),
c ! #pq
axis of symmetry:

48. #1

2
3

8
3

3
2

3 9
f
4 4

1
4

2
3

b
2a
#(p " q)
#
2(1)
p"q
2

x!#
x!
x!

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

148

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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The axis of symmetry is the


average of the x-intercepts.
Therefore the axis of
symmetry is located halfway
between the x-intercepts.
49. #6

50. Answers should include the


following.
Subtract 24 from each side
of x 2 " 5x ! 24 so that
the equation becomes
x 2 " 5x # 24 ! 0. Factor
the left side as (x # 3)
(x " 8). Set each factor
equal to zero. Solving each
equation for x. The
solutions to the equation
are 3 and #8. Since length
cannot be negative, the
width of the rectangle is
3 inches, and the length is
3 " 5 or 8 inches.
To use the Zero Product
Property, one side of the
equation must equal zero.

51. D

52. B

53. #5, 1

54. #

55. between #1 and 0; between


3 and 4

56. min.; #19

57. 322 # 223

58. 523

59. 33 " 20 22

60. (#4, #4)

61. (3, #5)

62. a , 2b

63. 222

64. 225

65. 323

66. 5i 22

67. 2i 23

68. 4i23

1
2

1
3

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

149

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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Chapter 6
Practice Quiz 1
Page 305
2. max.;

1. 4; x ! 2; 2
f(x)
4
O

37
4

or 9

1
4

f (x) " 3x 2 ! 12x # 4


4

12

!4
!8

(2, !8)

4. e #5, f
1
2

1
2

3. 1 , 4
5. 3x 2 " 11x # 4 ! 0

Lesson 6-4 Completing the Square


Pages 310312
1. Completing the square
allows you to rewrite one
side of a quadratic equation
in the form of a perfect
square. Once in this form,
the equation is solved by
using the Square Root
Property.

2. Never; the value of c that


makes ax 2 " bx " c a
perfect square trinomial is

3. Tia; before completing the


square, you must first check
to see that the coefficient of
the quadratic term is 1. If it is
not, you must first divide the
equation by that coefficient.

4. {#10, #4}

5. e
7.

the square of and the


2
square of a number can
never be negative.

4 $ 22
f
3

9
, ax
4

6. 36; (x # 6)2

# b

3 2
2

8. {#6, 3}

9. 54 $ 256
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

10. 5#1 $ i 256


150

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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11. e

3 $ 233
f
4

12. Jupiter

13. Earth: 4.5 s, Jupiter: 2.9 s

14. {3, #7}

16. 5#4 $ 27, #4 # 276

15. {#2, 12}


17. 53 $ 2226
19. e

18. e

#5 $ 211
f
3

7 $ 25
f
2

20. e # ,
5
4

1
f
4

21. {#1.6, 0.2}

22. 25 ft

23. about 8.56 s

24. 64; (x " 8)2

25. 81; (x # 9)2

26.

27.

49
; ax
4

# b

7 2
2

25
, ax
16

15 2
b
2

28. 0.09; (x " 0.3)2

29. 1.44; (x # 1.2)2


31.

225
; ax
4

30.

" b

5 2
4

16
; ax
9

# b

4 2
3

32. {3, 5}

33. {#12, 10}

34. 5#1 $ 276

37. {#3 $ 2i}

38. e # , 1 f

39. e , 1 f
1
2

40. e

5 $ 213
f
6

41. e

2 $ 210
f
3

42. e

7 $ i 247
f
4

43. e

#5 $ i 123
f
6

44. {#2, 0.6}

35. 52 $ 236

36. 52 $ i 6
5
2

45. {0.7, 4}

46. e $ 23 f

47. e $ 22 f

48. 5

1
3

3
4

49.

x
1
,
1 x#1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

50.

151

1
2

in. by 5

1
2

in.

1 " 25
2

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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51. Sample answers: The golden


rectangle is found in much of
ancient Greek architecture,
such as the Parthenon, as
well as in modern
architecture, such as in the
windows of the United
Nations building. Many songs
have their climax at a point
occurring 61.8% of the way
through the piece, with 0.618
being about the reciprocal of
the golden ratio. The
reciprocal of the golden ratio
is also used in the design of
some violins.

52a. n ! 0
52b. n % 0
52c. n & 0

53. 18 ft by 32 ft or 64 ft by 9 ft

54. To find the distance traveled


by the accelerating race car
in the given situation, you
must solve the equation
t 2 " 22t " 121 ! 246 or
t 2 " 22t # 125 ! 0.
Answers should include the
following.
Since the expression
t 2 " 22t # 125 is prime,
the solutions of t 2 " 22t "
121 ! 246 cannot be
obtained by factoring.
Rewrite t 2 " 22t " 121 as
(t " 11)2. Solve (t " 11)2 !
246 by applying the
Square Root Property.
Then, subtract 11 from
each side. Using a
calculator, the two
solutions are about 4.7 and
#26.7. Since time cannot
be negative, the driver
takes about 4.7 seconds to
reach the finish line.

55. D

56. D

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

152

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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57. x 2 # 3x " 2 ! 0

58. x 2 # 6x # 27 ! 0

59. 3x 2 # 19x " 6 ! 0

60. 12x 2 " 13x " 3 ! 0

61. between #4 and #3;


between 0 and 1

62. 6, 8

1
2

63. #4, #1

64. 57

65. (2, #5)

66. a , b
43 6
21 7

67. 0 x # (#257)0 ! 2

68. greatest: #255'C; least:


#259'C

69. 37

70. #16

71. 121

72. 0

Lesson 6-5

The Quadratic Formula and the Discriminant


Pages 317319

1a. Sample answer:

2. The square root of a


negative number is a
complex number.

1b. Sample answer:


y

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

153

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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1c. Sample answer:


y

3. b 2 # 4ac must equal 0.

4a. 484
4b. 2 rational
4c.

1
2

2 $ 22
2

6c. #

8. 0, #8

7a. #3
7b. two complex
7c.

#3 $ i 23
2

9. #3, #2
11.

5
2

6a. 0
6b. one rational

5a. 8
5b. 2 irrational
5c.

1
,
4

10. 1 $ 23

#5 $ i 22
2

12. at about 0.7 s and again at


about 4.6 s

13. No; the discriminant of


#16t 2 " 85t ! 120 is #455,
indicating that the equation
has no real solutions.

14a. 21
14b. 2 irrational

15a. 240
15b. 2 irrational
15c. 8 $ 2215

16a. #16
16b. 2 complex
16c. 1 $ 2i

17a. #23
17b. 2 complex

18a. 121
18b. 2 rational

17c.

14c.

1 $ i 223
2

1 2
4 3

18c. # ,

19a. 49
19b. 2 rational
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

#3 $ 221
2

20a. 20
20b. 2 irrational
154

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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19c. #2,

1
3

20c. #2 $ 25

21a. 24
21b. 2 irrational

22a. 0
22b. one rational

21c. #1 $ 26

22c.

23a. 0
23b. one rational

24a. #31
24b. 2 complex

5
2

1
3

9 $ i 231
8
28
9

23c. #

24c.

25a. #135

26a.

25b. 2 complex

26b. 2 irrational

#1 $ i 215
4

25c.

26c.

27a. 1.48
27b. 2 irrational

2 $ 4 27
9

28. #2, 32

#1 $ 2 20.37
0.8

27c.

29. $i

221
7

30. 2 $ i 23

31.

#3 $ 215
2

32. $22

33.

9
2

34. #3 $ i 27

35.

5 $ 246
3

36. 4 $ 27

3
10

37. 0, #

38. 3 $ 222

39. #2, 6

40.

41. This means that the cables


do not touch the floor of the
bridge, since the graph does
not intersect the x-axis and
the roots are imaginary.

42. domain: 0 ( t ( 25, range:


73.7 ( A(t ) ( 1201.2

43. 1998

44. about 40.2 mph

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

155

! #0.00288

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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45a. k ! $6
45b. k & #6 or k % 6
45c. #6 & k & 6

46. The persons age can be


substituted for A in the
appropriate formula,
depending upon their gender,
and their average blood
pressure calculated. See
students work.
If a womans blood pressure
is given to be 118, then
solve the equation 118 !
0.01A2 " 0.05A " 107 to
find the value of A. Use the
Quadratic Formula,
substituting 0.01 for a, 0.05
for b, and #11 for c. This
gives solutions of about
#35.8 or 30.8. Since age
cannot be negative, the only
valid solution for A is 30.8.

47. D

48. C

49. #14, #4

50. 4 $ 27

51.

1 $ 2 22
2

52. #2, 0
2
,
3

53. #2, 7

54.

55. a 4b10

56. 10p6 0 q 0

57. 4b 2c 2

58. 7.98 ) 106

59.

60.

y
x"1

x#y"9 8
y!x"4 6
4
2
!6 !4

O
!4
!6

y"x

2 4 6 8
x!y " 3

y " !1

61. no

62. yes; (x # 7)2

63. yes; (2x " 3)2

64. yes; (5x " 2)2

65. no

66. yes; (6x # 5)2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

156

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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Lesson 6-6

Analyzing Graphs of Quadratic Functions


Pages 325328

1a.
1b.
1c.
1d.
1e.

y ! 2(x " 1)2 " 5


y ! 2(x " 1)2
y ! 2(x " 3)2 " 3
y ! 2(x # 2)2 " 3
Sample answer:
y ! 4(x " 1)2 " 3
1f. Sample answer:
y ! (x " 1)2 " 3
1g. y ! #2(x " 1)2 " 3

2. Substitute the x-coordinate of


the vertex for h and the
y -coordinate of the vertex for k
in the equation y ! a(x # h)2 "
k. Then substitute the
x-coordinate of the other point
for x and the y-coordinate for
y into this equation and solve
for a. Replace a with this
value in the equation you
wrote with h and k.

3. Sample answer:
y ! 2(x # 2)2 #1

4. Jenny; when completing the


square is used to write a
quadratic function in vertex
form, the quantity added is
then subtracted from the
same side of the equation to
maintain equality.

5. (#3, #1); x ! #3; up

6. y ! (x " 4)2 # 19,


(#4, #19); x ! #4; up

7. y ! #3(x # 3)2 " 38;


(#3, 38); x ! #3; down

8.

y " 3(x # 3)2


O x

9.

10.

y " ! 2x 2 # 16x ! 31
x

1
y " 3 (x ! 1)2 # 3

12. y ! #(x " 3)2 " 6

11. y ! 4(x # 2)2


Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

157

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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1
2

13. y ! # (x " 2)2 # 3

14. h(d ) ! #2d 2 " 4d " 6

15. (#3, 0); x ! #3 down

16. (1, 2); x ! 1; up

17. (0,#6); x ! 0 up

18. (0, 3); x ! 0; down

19. y ! #(x " 2)2 " 12;


(#2, 12); x ! #2; down

20. y ! (x # 3)2 # 8;
(3, #8); x ! 3; up

21. y ! #3(x # 2)2 " 12;


(2, 12); x ! 2; down

22. y ! 4(x " 3)2 # 36;


(#3, #36); x ! #3; up

23. y ! 4(x " 1)2 # 7; (#1, #7);


x ! #1; up

24. y ! #2(x # 5)2 " 15;


(5, 15); x ! 5; down

25. y ! 3 ax " b # ;

26. y ! 4 ax # b # 20;

1 2
2

1
a# ,
2

3 2
2

7
4

# b; x ! # ; up
7
4

3
a ,
2

1
2

27.

#20b; x ! , up
3
2

28.

y
O

y " 4(x # 3)2 # 1

29.

y " !(x ! 5)2 ! 3

30.

1
y " 4 (x ! 2)2 # 4

31.

1
y " 2 (x ! 3)2 ! 5

32.

O x

y " x 2 ! 8x # 18
O

y " x 2 # 6x # 2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

158

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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33.

34.

y " !4x 2 # 16x ! 11

y " !5x 2 ! 40x ! 80

35.

36.

y " ! 1 x 2 # 5x ! 27
2
2

y " 1 x 2 ! 4x # 15
3

37. Sample answer: the graph of


y ! 0.4(x " 3)2 " 1 is
narrower than the graph of
y ! 0.2(x " 3)2 " 1.

38. Sample answer: the graphs


have the same shape, but the
graph of y ! 2(x # 4)2 " 1 is
1 unit to the left and 5 units
below the graph of y !
2(x # 5)2 # 4

39. y ! 9(x # 6)2 " 1

40. y ! 3(x " 4)2 " 3

2
3

41. y ! # (x # 3)2

42. y ! #3(x # 5)2 " 4


5
2

1
3

43. y ! x 2 " 5

44. y ! (x " 3)2 # 2

45. y ! #2x 2

46. y ! (x " 3)2 # 4

47. 34,000 feet; 32.5 s after the


aircraft begins its parabolic
flight

48. about 1.6 s

49. d (t ) ! #16t 2 " 8t " 50

50. about 2.0 s

51. Angle A; the graph of the


equation for angle A is
higher than the other two
since 3.27 is greater than
2.39 or 1.53.

52. Angle B; the vertex of the


equation for angle B is
farther to the right than the
other two since 3.57 is
greater than 3.09 or 3.22.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

4
3

159

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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53.

54. All quadratic equations are a


transformation of the parent
graph y ! x 2. By identifying
these transformations when
a quadratic function is written
in vertex form, you can
redraw the graph of y ! x 2.
Answers should include the
following.
In the equation
y ! a(x # h)2 " k, h
translated the graph of
y ! x 2 h units to the right
when h is positive and h
units to the left when h is
negative. The graph of
y ! x 2 is translated k units
up when k is positive and
k units down when k is
negative. When a is
positive, the graph opens
upward and when a is
negative, the graph opens
downward. If the absolute
value of a is less than 1,
the graph will be narrower
than the graph of y ! x 2,
and if the absolute value of
a is greater than 1, the
graph will be wider than
the graph of y ! x 2.
Sample answer:
y ! 2(x " 2)2 # 3 is the
graph of y ! x 2 translated
2 units left and 3 units
down. The graph opens
upward, but is narrower
than the graph of y ! x 2.

y ! ax 2 " bx " c
y ! a ax 2 " xb " c
b
a

y ! a cx 2 " x " a b d "


b
a

b 2
2a

c # aa b

b 2
2a

y ! a ax "

b 2
b
2a

"c#

b2
4a

The axis of symmetry is


x ! h or #

b
.
2a

55. D

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

56. B

160

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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58. 225; 2 rational

57. 12; 2 irrational

60. 5#5 $ 2226

59. #23; 2 complex


61. 53 $ 3i 6
63. 2t 2 " 2t #

62. e
3
t#1

#2 $ 213
f
2

64. t 2 # 2t " 1

65. n 3 # 3n 2 # 15n # 21

66. y 3 " 1 #

67a. Sample answer using (1994,


76,302) and (1997, 99,448):
y ! 7715x # 15,307,408
67b. 161,167

68. yes

69. no

70. yes

4
y"3

71. no

Chapter 6
Practice Quiz 2
Page 328
1. 5#7 $ 2236

2. e

3. #11; 2 complex

4. 100; 2 rational

5. e

6. e

#9 $ 5 25
f
2

7. y ! 1x # 22 2 # 5
2
3

2 $ 2i 22
f
3

8. y ! (x " 4)2 " 2; (#4, 2),


x ! #4; up

9. y ! #1x # 62 2; 16, 02, x ! 6;


down

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1 $ 3i
f
2

10. y ! 2(x " 3)2 # 5; (#3, #5),


x ! #3; up

161

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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Lesson 6-7

Graphing and Solving Quadratic Inequalities


Pages 332335

1. y + 1x # 32 2 # 1

2. Sample answer: one number


less than #3, one number
between #3 and 5, and one
number greater than 5
4.

3a. x ! #1, 5
3b. x ( #1 or x + 5
3c. #1 ( x ( 5

5.

12
8
4
!4

!2

!4
!8
!12

y
12

y " !2x 2 ! 4x # 3

!20

7.

6.

y " x 2 ! 10x # 25

4x
O

y " x 2 ! 16

8. x & 1 or x % 5

y " !x 2 # 5x # 6

8
4
!2

6x

9. 5x 0 #1 & x & 76

10. 5x 0 x & #3 or x % 46

12. 5x 0 # 23 ( x ( 236

11. *

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

162

Algebra 2

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13. about 6.1 s

14.

15

5
!8

!4

!5

8x

!15

y " x 2 # 3x ! 18

!25

15.

16.

y " !x 2 # 7x # 8

12
8
4
!4

17.

y " x 2 # 4x # 4

18.

5
!8

y
8x

!4 O
!10

!20
!30

y " x 2 # 4x

y " x 2 ! 36

19.

20.

y " !x 2 ! 3x # 10

14

10
O

6
2
!6

y " x 2 # 6x # 5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

163

!4

!2 O

2x

Algebra 2

Chapter 6

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21.

y " !x 2 ! 7x # 10

22.

y
y " !x 2 # 10x ! 23

20
12

4
!12 !8

23.

O
!4

!4

4x

24.

y " !x 2 # 13x ! 36

y
4

6
2
O

!2
2

10

!4

!4
!8

y " 2x 2 # 3x ! 5

!8

25.

26. 5

y " 2x 2 # x ! 3

27. #2 ( x ( 6

28. x & #3 or x % 3

29. x & #7 or x % #3

30. 5x 0 x & #3 or x % 66

33. 5x 0 x ( #6 or x + 46

34. 5x 0 #4 ( x ( 36

31. 5x 0 #7 & x & 46

32. 5x 0 #1 ( x ( 56

35. 5x 0 x ( #7 or x + 16

36. e x ` x !

37. all reals

38. *

39. 5x 0 x ! 76

40. all reals

42. 5x 0 #4 & x & 1 or x % 36

41. *

43. 0 to 10 ft or 24 to 34 ft

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1
f
3

44a. 0.98, 4.81; The owner will


break even if he charges
$0.98 or $4.81 per square
foot.
164

Algebra 2

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44b. 0.98 & r & 4.81; The owner


will make a profit if the rent is
between $0.98 and $4.81.
44c. 1.34 & r & 4.45; If rent is set
between $1.34 and $4.45
per sq ft, the profit will be
greater than $10,000
44d. r & 1.34 or r % 4.45; If rent is
set between $0 and $1.34 or
above $4.45 per sq ft, the profit
will be less than $10,000.
45. The width should be greater
than 12 cm and the length
should be greater than 18 cm

46. P(n) ! n[15 " 1.5(60 # n)] #


525 or #1.5n 2 " 105n # 525

47. 6

48. $1312.50; 35 passengers

49.

50. Answers should include the


following.
#16t 2 " 42t " 3.75 % 10
One method of solving this
inequality is to graph the
related quadratic function
h(t ) ! #16t 2 " 42t "
3.75 # 10. The interval(s)
at which the graph is above
the x-axis represents the
times when the trampolinist
is above 10 feet. A second
method of solving this
inequality would be to find
the roots of the related
quadratic equation #16t 2 "
42t " 3.75 # 10 ! 0 and
then test points in the three
intervals determined by
these roots to see if they
satisfy the inequality. The
interval(s) at which the
inequality is satisfied
represent the times when
the trampolinist is above
10 feet.

y
y " !x 2 # 4

x
y " x2 ! 4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

165

Algebra 2

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51. C

52. A

55. 5x 0 x & #9 or x % 36

56. 5x 0 x ( #3.5 or x + #2.56

53. 5x 0 all reals, x , 26

54. 5x 0 #7 & x & 76

57. 5x 0 #1.2 ( x ( #0.46

58. no real solutions

60. y ! #21x # 42 2; 14, 02, x ! 4;


down

59. y ! (x # 1)2 " 8; (1, 8),


x ! 1; up
1
2

61. y ! (x " 6)2; (#6, 0),

62. #4, #8

x ! #6; up
63.

#5 $ i 23
2

64.

66. #6x 3 # 4x 2y " 13xy 2

65. 4a 2b 2 " 2a 2b " 4ab 2 "


12a #7b
67. xy 3 " y "
69. B

1
x

68. #15a 2 " 14a # 3

#21 48
R
#13 22

70. 3#54 64

71. 0x # 0.008 0 ( 0.002;


0.078 ( x ( 0.082

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

#3 $ 2 26
3

166

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7/24/02

12:02 PM

Page 167 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-07:

Chapter 7 Polynomial Functions


Lesson 7-1 Polynomial Functions
Pages 350352
1. 4 ! 4x 0; x ! x 1

2. Sample answer: Evendegree polynomial functions


with positive leading
coefficients have graphs in
which f (x ) S #$ as x S #$
and as x S"$. Odd-degree
polynomial functions with
positive leading coefficients
have graphs in which
f (x ) S #$ as x S #$ and
f (x ) S "$ as x S "$.

3. Sample answer given.

4. Sometimes; a polynomial
function with 4 real roots
may be a sixth-degree
polynomial function with
2 imaginary roots. A
polynomial function that has
4 real roots is at least a
fourth-degree polynomial.

f (x)

5. 6; 5

6. 5; "3

7. "21; 3

8. 4; 12

9. 2a 9 # 6a 3"12

10. 100a 2 # 20

11. 6a 3 " 5a 2 # 8a " 45

12a. f (x ) S "$ as x S #$,


f (x ) S #$ as x S "$
12b. odd
12c. 3

13a. f(x ) S #$ as x S #$,


f(x ) S #$ as x S "$
13b. even
13c. 0

14a. f (x ) S #$ as x S #$,
f (x ) S "$ as x S "$
14b. odd
14c. 1

15. 109 lumens

16. 1; "1

17. 3; 1

18. No, the polynomial contains


two variables, a and b.

19. 4; 6

20. 3; "5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

167

Algebra 2

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7/24/02

12:02 PM

Page 168 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-07:

21. No, this is not a polynomial

22. "2; 4

because the term cannot


c
be written in the form x n,
where n is a nonnegative
integer.
23. 12; 18

24. 125; "37

25. 1008; "36

26. "166; 50

27. 86; 56

28. 100; 4

29. 7; 4

30. 27a3 # 3a # 1

31. 12a 2 " 8a # 20

32. 3a4 " 2a 2 # 5

33. 12a6 " 4a3 # 5

34. x 3 # 3x 2 # 4x # 3

35. 3x 4 # 16x 2 # 26

36. 6x 2 # 44x # 90

37. "x 6 # x 3 # 2x 2 # 4x # 2

38. 9x 4 " 12x 2 " 8x # 50

39a. f (x ) S #$ as x S #$,
f (x ) S "$ as x S "$
39b. odd
39c. 3

40a. f (x) S #$ as x S #$,


f (x) S #$ as x S "$
40b. even
40c. 4

41a. f (x) S #$ as x S #$,


f (x) S "$ as x S "$
41b. even
41c. 0

42a. f (x ) S #$ as x S #$,
f (x ) S #$ as x S "$
42b. odd
42c. 5

43a. f (x) S #$ as x S #$,


f (x) S "$ as x S "$
43b. odd
43c. 1

44a. f (x ) S "$ as x S #$,


f (x ) S "$ as x S "$
44b. even
44c. 2

45. 5.832 units

46. even

47. f (x ) S "$ as x S #$;


f(x ) S "$ as x S "$

48. Sample answer: Decrease;


the graph appears to be
turning at x ! 30 indicating a
relative maximum at that
point. So attendance will
decrease after 2000.

49.

1
2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

50. "1, 0, 4

168

Algebra 2

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1
2

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3
2

51. f(x) ! x 3 " x 2 " 2x

52.

f (x )

3 2
f (x) " 12 x 3 !
4 2 x ! 2x

!4 !2

!4
!8

53. 4

54. 16 regions

55. 8 points

56. Many relationships in nature


can be modeled by
polynomial functions; for
example, the pattern in a
honeycomb or the rings in a
tree trunk. Answers should
include the following.
You can use the equation
to find the number of
hexagons in a honeycomb
with 10 rings and the
number of hexagons in a
honeycomb with 9 rings.
The difference is the
number of hexagons in
the tenth ring.
Other examples of patterns
found in nature include
pinecones, pineapples, and
flower petals.

57. C

58. C

60. 5x 0 x % "9 or x & 76

59. 5x 0 2 ' x ' 66

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

169

Algebra 2

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7/24/02

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Page 170 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-07:

61. e x ` "1 % x % f
4
5

62.

y
y " !2(x ! 2)2 # 3

63.

64.

2
O

!12 !8

y " 1 x2 # x # 3

!2

y " 1 (x # 5)2 ! 1
3

O
2

!4

65. 54 ( 3226

66. e " ,
7
6

67. 23,450(1 # p);


23,450(1 # p)3

68.

5
f
6
y

y " x2 # 4

69.

70.

4
O

!8

!4 O

8x

!4

y " 2 x 2 # 2x ! 6

y " !x 2 # 6x ! 5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

170

Algebra 2

Chapter 7

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7/24/02

12:02 PM

Lesson 7-2

Page 171 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-07:

Graphing Polynomial Functions


Pages 356358

1. There must be at least one


real zero between two points
on a graph when one of the
points lies below the x-axis
and the other point lies
above the x-axis.

2. 4

3.

4.

f (x)

f(x )
8

"3 "20
O

"2

"1
0

f (x ) " x 3 ! x 2 ! 4x # 4

1
2
3

5.
x

f (x )

6
4

!4

!2 O

4x

!4

f(x) " x 3 ! x 2 ! 4x # 4

10

6. between "1 and 0


f(x )

f (x)

"3 20
"2 "9
"1 "2
0
5
1
0
2 "5
3 26

f (x)

4
!4

!2 O

4x

!4

f (x ) " x 3 ! x 2 # 1

!8

f (x ) " x 4 ! 7x 2 # x # 5

8.

7. between "2 and "1, between


"1 and 0, between 0 and 1,
and between 1 and 2

f (x)

f (x)
!4

!2

4x

!4
O

!8

f (x ) " x 3 # 2x 2 ! 3x ! 5

Sample answer: rel. max. at


x ! "2, rel. min.: at x ! 0.5

f (x ) " x 4 ! 4x 2 # 2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

171

Algebra 2

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9.

12:02 PM

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10.

f (x)

C (t )
12000

8
4
O

!2

Cable TV Systems

!4

10000

4x

!4

f (x ) " x 4 ! 8x 2 # 10

Sample answer: rel. max. at


x ! 0, rel. min. at x ! "2
and at x ! 2

8000
6000

C(t) " !43.2t 2 # 1343t # 790

4000
2000
O

14a.
f (x )

"5 25
"4
0
"3 "9
"2 "8
"1 "3
0
0
1 "5
2 "24

x
f (x )

!2

4x

!4
!8

f (x) " !x 3 ! 4x 2

8
4
!4

!2 O

4x

!4

f (x) " x 3 ! 2x 2# 6

14b. between "2 and "1


14c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x ! 0, rel. max. at x ! 1

13b. at x ! "4 and x ! 0


13c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x ! 0, rel. min. at x ! "3

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

f (x )

f (x )

"2 "10
"1
3
0
6
1
5
2
6
3 15
4 38

4
O

8
12
16
Years Since 1985

12. The number of cable TV


systems rose steadily from
1985 to 2000. Then the
number began to decline.

11. rel. max. between x ! 15


and x ! 16, and no rel. min.;
f(x ) S "$ as x S "$,
f(x ) S "$ as x S #$.
13a.

172

Algebra 2

Chapter 7

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15a.
x

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f (x )

f (x )

"2 "18
"1 "2
0
2
1
0
2 "2
3
2
4 18

"2
3
"1 "5
0 "9
1 "3
2 19

f (x) " x 3 ! 3x 2# 2

"1 75
0 16
1 "3
2
0
3
7
4
0
5 "39

f (x )

"2
"1
0
1
2
3
4
5

4
!4

!2

4x

!4
!8

f (x) " !3x 3 # 20x 2 ! 36x # 16

17b. between 0 and 1, at x ! 2,


and at x ! 4
17c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x ! 3, rel. min. at x ! 1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

4
!8

!4

8x

!4
!8

f (x ) " x 3 # 5x 2 ! 9

16b. between "5 and "4,


between "2 and "1, and
between 1 and 2
16c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x ! "3, rel. min. at x ! 0
18a.

f (x )

f (x )

f (x )

"5 "9
"4
7
"3
9

15b. at x ! 1, between "1 and 0,


and between 2 and 3
15c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x ! 0, rel. min. at x ! 2

17a.

16a.

f (x )
"29
"8
"1
"2
"5
"4
7
34

f (x )
x

f (x ) " x 3 ! 4x 2# 2x ! 1

18b. between 3 and 4


18c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x ! 0.5, rel. min. at x ! 2.5

173

Algebra 2

Chapter 7

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19a.

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f (x )

"3 73
"2
8
"1 "7
0 "8
1 "7
2
8
3 73

f (x )

!4

!2

!4

f (x) " x 4 ! 8 !8

"4 "169
"3 "31
"2
7
"1
5
0 "1
1
1
2 "1
3 "43

f (x )

!2

4x

!4
!8

f (x ) " !x 4 # 5x 2! 2x ! 1

21b. between "3 and "2, between


"1 and 0, between 0 and 1,
and between 1 and 2
21c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x ! "2 and at x ! 1.5, rel.
min. at x ! 0

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

f (x )

8
!4

!2

!8
!16

f (x ) " x 4 ! 10x 2# 9

f (x )

"3 "39
"2
5
"1
3
0 "3
1
5
2 21
3 15
4 "67

4
!4

16

20b. at x ! "3, x ! "1, x ! 1,


and x ! 3
20c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x ! 0, rel. min. at x ! "2
and x ! 2
22a.

f (x )

f (x )

"3
0
"2 "15
"1
0
0
9
1
0
2 "15
3
0
4 105

19b. between "2 and "1 and


between 1 and 2
19c. Sample answer: no rel. max.,
rel. min. at x ! 0

21a.

20a.

24

f (x )

16
8
!4

!2

4x

!8

f (x) " !x 4 # x 3# 8x 2! 3

22b. between "3 and "2, between


"1 and 0, between 0 and 1,
and between 3 and 4
22c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x ! "1.5 and at x ! 2.5, rel.
min. at x ! 0.

174

Algebra 2

Chapter 7

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23a.

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Page 175 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-07:

24a.

x f (x )
"1 65
0
6
1 "1
2
2
3 "3
4 "10
5 11

f (x )
4
!2

"2
"1
0
1
2
3

!4
!8

f (x) " x 4 ! 9x 3 # 25x 2 ! 24x # 6

f (x )

6x

!4
!8

f (x) " 2x 4 ! 4x 3 ! 2x 2 # 3x ! 5

x f (x )

24

"2
"1

16

8
!4

!2

4x

f (x) " x 5 # 4x 4 ! x 3 ! 9x 2 # 3

25b. between "4 and "3, between


"2 and "1, between "1 and
0, between 0 and 1, and
between 1 and 2
25c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x ! "3 and at x ! 0, rel.
min. at x ! "1 and at x ! 1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

!2

f (x )

26a.

x f (x )
"4 "77
"3 30
"2
7
"1 "2
0
3
1 "2
2 55

45
"4
"5
"6
"7
40

24b. between "2 and "1, and


between 2 and 3
24c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x ! 0.5; rel. min. at x !
"0.5 and at x ! 1.5

23b. between 0 and 1, between 1


and 2, between 2 and 3, and
between 4 and 5
23c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x ! 2, rel. min. at x ! 0.5
and at x ! 4
25a.

f (x )

40

"88
5

f (x )

20

"6
5
20

!4

!2

4x

!20

"3
"10
269

!40

f (x) " x 5 ! 6x 4 # 4x 3 # 17x 2 ! 5x ! 6

26b. between "2 and "1, between


"1 and 0, between 0 and 1,
between 2 and 3, and
between 4 and 5
26c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x ! "1 and at x ! 2, rel.
min. at x ! 0 and at x ! 3.5

175

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27. highest: 1982; lowest: 2000

28. Rel. max. between 1980 and


1985 and between 1990 and
1995, rel. min. between 1975
and 1980 and between 1985
and 1990; as the number of
years increases, the percent
of the labor force that is
unemployed decreases.

29. 5

30. Sample answer: increase,


based on the past
fluctuations of the graph

31.

x
0 2 4 6 8 10
B(x) 25 34 40 45 50 54
G(x) 26 33 39 44 49 53

32. The growth rate for both


boys and girls increases
steadily until age 18 and
then begins to level off, with
boys averaging a height of
71 in. and girls a height of
60 in.

x 12 14 16 18 20
B(x) 59 64 68 71 71
G(x) 56 59 61 61 60

Average Height (in.)

B (x )

70
65
60
55

G (x )

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
0

8 10 12 14 16 18 x
Age (yrs)

33. 0 and between 5 and 6

34. 5 s

35. 3 s

36.

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37.

38.

39.

40. The turning points of a


polynomial function that
models a set of data can
indicate fluctuations that may
repeat. Answers should
include the following.
To determine when the
percentage of foreign-born
citizens was at its highest,
look for the rel. max. of the
graph, which is at t ! 5.
The lowest percentage is
found at t ! 75, the rel.
min. of the graph.
Polynomial equations best
model data that contain
turning points, rather than
a constant increase or
decrease like linear
equations.

41. D

42. B

43. "1.90; 1.23

44. 3.41; 0.59

45. 0; "1.22, 1.22

46. 0.52; "0.39, 1.62

47. 24a3 " 4a 2 " 2

48. 10c 2 " 25c # 20

49. 8a4 " 10a 2 # 4

50. 3x 3 " 10x 2 # 11x " 6

51. 2x 4 # 11x 2 # 16

52. 4x 4 " 9x 3 # 28x 2 " 33x # 20

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54.

y " x 2 ! 4x # 6

y " !x 2 # 6x ! 3

55.

56. (7, "4)

O
2

y " x ! 2x

57. ("3, "2)

58. (4, "2)

59. (1, 3)

60. 1 ft

61. (x # 5)(x " 6)

62. (2b " 1)(b " 4)

63. (3a # 1)(2a # 5)

64. (2m # 3)(2m " 3)

65. (t " 3)(t 2 # 3t # 9)

66. (r 2 # 1)(r # 1)(r " 1)

Lesson 7-3 Solving Equations Using


Quadratic Techniques
Pages 362364
1. Sample answer:
16x 4 " 12x 2 ! 0;
4[4(x 2)2 " 3x 2] ! 0

2. The solutions of a polynomial


equation are the points at
which the graph intersects
the x-axis.

3. Factor out an x and write the


equation in quadratic form so
you have x[(x 2)2 " 2(x 2) #
1] ! 0. Factor the trinomial
and solve for x using the
Zero Product Property. The
solutions are "1, 0, and 1.

4. not possible

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5. 84(n 2 )2 " 62(n 2)

6. 0, "5, "4

7. "4, "1, 4, 1

8. 6, "3 # 3i13, "3 " 3i13

9. 64

10. 8 feet

11. 2(x 2)2 # 6(x 2) " 10

12. not possible

13. 11(n 3 )2 # 44(n 3)

14. b[7(b 2)2 " 4(b 2 ) # 2)]

15. not possible

16. 6 (x 5 )2 " 4 (x 5 ) " 16 ! 0

17. 0, "4, "3

18. 0, "1, "5

19. "13, 13, "i 13, i 13

20. 0, "4, 4, "4i, 4i

21. 2, "2, 212, "212

22. 12, "12, 3, "3

23. "9,

9 # 9i 13 9 " 9i 13
,
2
2

24. 8, "4 # 4i13, "4 " 4i13

25. 81, 625

26. "343, "64

27. 225, 16

28. 400

29. 1, "1, 4

30. 8, i 23, "i 23

31. w ! 4 cm, / ! 8 cm,


h ! 2 cm

32. x 4 " 7x 2 # 9 ! 27

33. 3 ) 3 in.

34. 6 ) 6 in.

35. h 2 # 4, 3h # 2, h # 3

36. The height increased by 3,


the width increased by 2, and
the length increased by 4.

37. Write the equation in


quadratic form, u 2 " 9x #
8 ! 0, where u ! |a " 3|.
Then factor and use the Zero
Product Property to solve
for a; 11, 4, 2, and "5.

38. Answers should include the


following.
Solve the cubic equation
4x 3 # ("164x 2) #
1600x ! 3600 in order to
determine the dimensions
of the cut square if the
desired volume is 3600 in3.
Solutions are 10 in. and
31" 2601
2

in.
There can be more than
one square cut to produce
the same volume because
the height of the box is not
specified and 3600 has a
variety of different factors.
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39. D

40.

42.

41.
x

f (x )

f (x )

"2 "21
"1 "1
0
5
1
3
2 "1
3 "1
4
9
5 35

1715
;
3

f (x )

f (x )

"1 15
0 "3
1
1
2
3
3
3
4 25

f (x) " x 3 ! 4x 2 # x # 5

f (x) " x 4 ! 6x 3 # 10x 2 ! x ! 3

44. 262; 2
"2 "3
3
46. B
R
1 "3 "1
y
48.

43. 17; 27
45.

1
18

135

47. A("1, "2), B(3, "3),


C(1, 3)

C'

A
O

A'
B

C x
B'
64
x#2

49. x 2 # 5x " 4

50. 4x 2 " 16x # 27 "

51. x 3 # 3x 2 " 2

52. x 3 # 2x 2 " 10x #15 "

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21
x#1

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Chapter 7
Practice Quiz 1
Page 364
1. 2a3 " 6a 2 # 5a " 1

2. f(x ) S "$ as x S #$,


f(x ) S #$ as x S "$; odd; 3

3. Sample answer: maximum at


x ! "2, minimum at x ! 0.5

4. (6x 3)2 # 3(6x 3) # 5 or


3
3
36(2x)2 # 18(2x) # 5

f (x )

4
!4

!2

4x

!4
!8

f (x) " x 3 # 2x 2 ! 4x ! 6

5. "3, 3, "i13, i13

Lesson 7-4

The Remainder and Factor Theorems


Pages 368370

1. Sample answer:
f(x ) ! x 2 " 2x " 3

2. 4

3. dividend: x 3 # 6x # 32;
divisor: x # 2; quotient:
x 2 " 2x # 10; remainder: 12

4. 7, "91

5. 353, 1186

6. x # 1, x " 3

7. x " 1, x # 2

8. 2x # 1, x " 4

9. x " 2, x 2 # 2x # 4

10. $2.894 billion

11. $2.894 billion

12. Sample answer: Direct


substitution, because it can
be done quickly with a
calculator.

13. "9, 54

14. 37, "19

15. 14, "42

16. 55, 272

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17. "19, "243

18. 267, 680

19. 450, "1559

20. 422, 3110

21. x # 1, x # 2

22. x " 4, x # 2

23. x " 4, x # 1

24. x " 3, x " 1

25. x # 3, x "

1
2

26. x " 1, x #

or 2x " 1

4
3

or 3x # 4

27. x # 7, x " 4

28. x " 1, x # 6

29. x " 1, x 2 # 2x # 3

30. 2x " 3, 2x # 3, 4x 2 # 9

31. x " 2, x # 2, x 2 # 1

32.

33. 3

34. 8

35. 1, 4

36. "3

37.

38. Yes; 2 ft lengths. The


binomial x " 2 is a factor of
the polynomial since
f (2) ! 0.

5 1 "14 69 "140 100


5 "45 120 "100
1 "9 24 "20
0

1 "4 "29 "24


8
32
24;
1 4
3
0
(x # 3)(x # 1)

39. 7.5 ft/s, 8 ft/s, 7.5 ft/s

40. 0; The elevator is stopped.

41. By the Remainder Theorem,


the remainder when f(x ) is
divided by x " 1 is equivalent
to f(1), or a # b # c #
d # e. Since a # b # c #
d # e ! 0, the remainder
when f (x ) is divided by x " 1
is 0. Therefore, x " 1 is a
factor of f(x ).

42. $31.36

43. $16.70

44. B(x) ! 2000x 5 " 340(x 4 #


x 3 # x 2 # x # 1)

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45. No, he will still owe $4.40.

46. Using the Remainder


Theorem you can evaluate a
polynomial for a value a by
dividing the polynomial by
x " a using synthetic
division. Answers should
include the following.
It is easier to use the
Remainder Theorem when
you have polynomials of
degree 2 and lower or
when you have access to
a calculator.
The estimated number of
international travelers to the
U.S. in 2006 is 65.9 million.

47. D

48. x " 2, x # 2, x # 1, x 2 # 1

49. (x 2)2 " 8(x 2) # 4

50. 9(d 3)2 # 5(d 3) " 2

51. not possible

52. Sample answer: rel. max, at


x ! 0.5, rel. min. at x ! 3.5
f (x )
16
f (x) " x 3 ! 6x 2 # 4x # 3
8
!2

!8
!16

54. T !

53. Sample answer: maximum at


x ! "1, rel. max. at x ! 1.5,
rel. min. at x ! 1

2* 2mrFc
Fc

f (x )
8
4
!4

!2

4x

!4

f (x) " !x 4 # 2x 3 # 3x 2 ! 7x # 4

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55. (4, "2)

56. ("3, "1)

57. A

58. C

59. S

60.

"7 ( 117
2

62.

"3 ( i 17
4

61.

9 ( 157
6

Lesson 7-5 Roots and Zeros


Pages 375377
1. Sample answer: p(x ) ! x 3 "
6x 2 # x # 1; p(x ) has either
2 or 0 positive real zeros, 1
negative real zero, and 2 or
0 imaginary zeros.

2. An odd-degree function
approaches positive infinity in
one direction and negative
infinity in the other direction,
so the graph must cross the
x-axis at least once, giving it
at least one real root.

3. 6

4. 2i, "2i; 2 imaginary

5. "7, 0, and 3; 3 real

6. 2 or 0; 1; 2 or 0

7. 2 or 0; 1; 2 or 4

8. "4, 1 # 2i, 1 " 2i


10. 2i, "2i, 3

9. 2, 1 # i, 1 " i

12. f (x ) ! x 3 " 2x 2 # 16x " 32

11. 2 # 3i, 2 " 3i, "1


8
3

5 ( i 271
;
4

13. " ; 1 real

14.

15. 0, 3i, "3i; 1 real, 2 imaginary

16. 3i, 3i, "3i, and "3i; 4


imaginary

17. 2, "2, 2i, and "2i; 2 real,


2 imaginary

18. "2, "2, 0, 2, and 2, 5 real

19. 2 or 0; 1; 2 or 0

20. 2 or 0; 1; 2 or 0

21. 3 or 1; 0; 2 or 0

22. 1; 3 or 1; 2 or 0

23. 4, 2, or 0; 1; 4, 2, or 0

24. 5, 3, or 1; 5, 3, or 1; 0, 2, 4,
6, or 8

25. "2, "2 # 3i, "2 " 3i

26. 4, 1 # i, 1 " i

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

184

2 imaginary

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i
,
2

27. 2i, "2i,

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i
2

28. 5i, "5i, 7

"

3
2

1
,
2

29. " , 1 # 4i, 1 " 4i

30.

31. 4 " i, 4 # i, "3

32. 3 " i, 3 # i, 4, "1

33. 3 " 2i, 3 # 2i, "1, 1

34. 5 " i, 5 # i, "1, 6

35. f(x ) ! x 3 " 2x 2 " 19x # 20

36. f(x ) ! x 4 " 10x 3 # 20x 2 #


40x " 96

37. f(x ) ! x 4 # 7x 2 " 144

38. f(x ) ! x 5 " x 4 # 13x 3 "


13x 2 # 36x " 36

39. f(x ) ! x 3 " 11x 2 # 23x " 45

40. f(x) ! x 3 " 10x 2 # 32x " 48

41a.

42. (3 " x)(4 " x)(5 " x) ! 24

f (x )

41b.

4 # 5i, 4 " 5i

f (x )

41c.

f (x )

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43. 1 ft

44. V(r ) ! *r 3 # 17*r 2

45. radius ! 4 m, height ! 21 m

46. 1; 2 or 0; 2 or 0

47. "24.1, "4.0, 0, and 3.1

48. Nonnegative roots represent


times when there is no
concentration of dye
registering on the monitor.

[!30, 10] scl: 5 by [!20, 20] scl: 5

49. Sample answer: f(x) ! x 3 "


6x 2 # 5x # 12 and g(x) !
2x 3 " 12x 2 # 10x # 24
each have zeros at x ! 4,
x ! "2, and x ! 3.

50. One root is a double root.


Sample graph:
f (x )

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51. If the equation models the


level of a medication in a
patients bloodstream, a
doctor can use the roots of
the equation to determine
how often the patient should
take the medication to
maintain the necessary
concentration in the body.
Answers should include the
following.
A graph of this equation
reveals that only the first
positive real root of the
equation, 5, has meaning
for this situation, since the
next positive real root
occurs after the
medication level in the
bloodstream has dropped
below 0 mg. Thus
according to this model,
after 5 hours there is no
significant amount of
medicine left in the
bloodstream.
The patient should not go
more than 5 hours before
taking their next dose of
medication.

52. A

53. C

54. "127, 41

55. "254, 915

56. 36 in.

57. min.; "13

58. max.; 32

59. min.; "7

60. 5ab 2(3a " c 2)

61. (6p " 5)(2p " 9)


"3
2
63. C 3 "4 S
"2
9

62. 4y (y # 3)2
11
5
64. C 7
0S
4 "5

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29 "8
65. 8
9
16 "16
1
2

2
3

66. y & " x " 1

5
2

68. (

67. ( , (1, ( , (5
1
9

1
,
14

1
16

1
3

1
7

2
7

1
2

1
8

1
4

1
2

( , ( , ( , (1, (2

70. ( , ( , ( , ( , (1, (2, (4

69. ( , ( , (1, (3

Lesson 7-6 Rational Zero Theorem


Pages 380382
1. Sample answer: You limit the
number of possible solutions.

2. Sample answer: 2x 2 # x # 3

3. Luis; Lauren found numbers


q
p
in the form , not as
p
q
Luis did according to the
Rational Zero Theorem.

4. (1, (2, (5, (10

1
2

1
3

1
6

2
3

5. (1, (2, ( , ( , ( , (

6. "4, 2, 7

7. "2, "4, 7

8. 2, "2, 3, "3

9. "2, 2,

7
2

10.

2 "3 ( 217
,
3
4

11. 10 cm ) 11 cm ) 13 cm

12. (1, (2

13. (1, (2, (3, (6

14. (1, (3, (5, (15, ( , (

15. (1, (2, (3, (6, (9, (18

16. (1, ( , (3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
9

17. (1, ( , ( , (3, (9, (27

18. "6, "5, 10

19. "1, "1, 2

20. 1, "1

21. 0, 9

22.

23. 0, 2, "2

24. 0, 3

25. "2, "4

26. "7, 1, 3

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

5
3

188

1
,
2

"1, 1

Algebra 2

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27.

1
,
2

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1
3

1 1
2 5

" , "2

28. " , , 2

1 1 1 3
2 3 2 4

30. "2, ,

4 "3 ( i
3
2

29. " , , ,
31.

4
,
5

0,

5 ( i 13
2

2 "3 ( 213
3
2

2
3

32. 3, , " ,
1
3

4
3

33. "1, "2, 5, i, "i

34. V ! *r 3 # *r 2

35. 2, "2 ( i 13; 2

36. r ! 2 in., h ! 6 in.

37. V ! 2h3 " 8h 2 " 64h

38. / ! 36 in., w ! 48 in.,


h ! 32 in.

1
3

1
3

39. V ! / 3 " 3/ 2

40. 6300 ! /3 " 3/2

41. / ! 30 in., w ! 30 in.,


h ! 21 in.

42. k ! "3; "3, "6, 5

43. The Rational Zero Theorem


helps factor large numbers
by eliminating some possible
zeros because it is not
practical to test all of them
using synthetic substitution.
Answers should include the
following.
The polynomial equation
that represents the volume
of the compartment is
V ! w 3 # 3w 2 " 40w.
Reasonable measures of
the width of the
compartment are, in
inches, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9,
12, 14, 18, 21, 22, 28, 33,
36, 42, 44, 63, 66, 77, and
84. The solution shows
that w ! 14 in., / ! 22
in., and d ! 9 in.

44. D

45. Sample answer:


x 5 " x 4 " 27x 3 # 41x 2 #
106x " 120

46. "6, "3, 5

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47. "4, 2 # i, 2 " i

48. "5, 3i, "3i

49. "7, 5 # 2i, 5 " 2i

50. 4x # 3, 5x " 1

51. x " 4, 3x 2 # 2

52. 725

55. 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm

54. 0 4x " 5 0

57. 4x 2 " 8x # 3

58. x 3 # 5x 2 # x " 10

59. x 5 " 7x 4 " 8x 3 # 106x 2 "


85x # 25

60. x " 9 #

53. (3xy 22x

61. x 2 # x " 4 #

56. x 3 # 4x 2 " 6
33
x#7

5
x#1

Chapter 7
Practice Quiz 2
Page 382
1. "930, "145

2. 0, "180

3. x 4 " 4x 3 " 7x 2 #
22x # 24 ! 0

4.

4
5

3
2

5. "

Lesson 7-7

Operations on Functions
Pages 386389

1. Sometimes; sample answer:


If f(x ) ! x " 2, g(x ) ! x # 8,
then f ! g ! x # 6 and
g ! f ! x # 6.

2. Sample answer: g(x ) !


{("2, 1), ("1, 2), (4, 3)},
f (x ) ! {(1, 7),(2, 9), (3, 3)}

3. Danette; [g ! f ](x ) ! g [f (x )]
means to evaluate the
f function first and then the
g function. Marquan
evaluated the functions in
the wrong order.

4. 4x # 9; 2x " 1;
3x 2 # 19x # 20; 3x # 4,

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

x#5

x + "5

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5. x 2 # x " 1; x 2 " x # 7;
x 3 " 4x 2 # 3x " 12;
x2 # 3
,
x"4

6. {("5, 7), (4, 9)}; {(4, 12)}

x+4

7. {(2, "7)}; {(1, 0), (2, 10)}

8. 6x " 8; 6x " 4

9. x 2 # 11; x 2 # 10x # 31

10. 30

11. 11

12. 1
3
4

13. p(x ) ! x; c (x ) ! x " 5

14. $32.49; price of CD when


25% discount is taken and
then the coupon is
subtracted

15. $33.74; price of CD when


coupon is subtracted and
then 25% discount is taken

16. Discount first, then coupon;


sample answer: 25% of
49.99 is greater than 25% of
44.99.
18. 6x # 6; "2x " 12;
8x 2 # 6x " 27;

17. 2x ; 18; x 2 " 81;

x#9
,
x"9

x+9

2x " 3
,
4x # 9

19. 2x 2 " x # 8; 2x 2 # x " 8;


"2x 3 # 16x 2;

21.

2x 2
,
8"x

20. x 2 # 8x # 15; x 2 # 4x # 3;
2x 3 # 18x 2 # 54x # 54;

x+8

x#3
,
2

x3 # x2 " 1
, x + "1
x#1
x 3 # x 2 " 2x " 1
,
x#1

22.

x + "3

x 3 # x 2 " 7x " 15
, x + "2;
x#2
x 3 # x 2 " 9x " 9
, x + "2;
x#2

x 2 " 6x # 9, x + 2;
x 2 # 4x # 4, x + "2, 3

x + "1; x 2 " x ; x + "1


x3 # x2 " x # 1
,
x

9
4

x +"

x+0

23. {(1, "3), ("3, 1), (2, 1)};


{(1, 0), (0, 1)}

24. {(2, 4), (4, 4)}; {(1, 5), (3, 3),


(5, 3)}

25. {(0, 0), (8, 3), (3, 3)};


{(3, 6), (4, 4), (6, 6), (7, 8)}

26. {(4, 5), (2, 5), (6, 12), (8, 12)};


does not exist

27. {(5, 1), (8, 9)}; {(2, "4)}

28. {(2, 3), (2, 2)}; {("5, 6), (8, 6),


("9, "5)}

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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29. 8x " 4; 8x " 1

30. 15x " 5; 15x # 1

31. x 2 # 2; x 2 # 4x # 4

32. 3x 2 " 4; 3x 2 " 24x # 48

33. 2x 3 # 2x 2 # 2x # 2;
8x 3 # 4x 2 # 2x # 1

34. 2x 2 " 5x # 9; 2x 2 " x # 5

35. "12

36. 50

37. 39

38. 68

39. 25

40. "48

41. 2

42. 1

43. 79

44. 104

45. 226

46. 36

47. P(x ) ! "50x # 1939

48. 939,000

49. p(x ) ! 0.70x; s(x ) ! 1.0575x

50. s[p(x )]; The 30% would be


taken off first, and then the
sales tax would be calculated
on this price.

51. $110.30

52. [K ! C](F ) !

53. 373 K; 273 K

54. 309.67 K

55. $700, $661.20, $621.78,


$581.73, $541.04

56. 244

57. Answers should include the


following.
Using the revenue and
cost functions, a new
function that represents
the profit is p(x ) ! r(c(x )).
The benefit of combining
two functions into one
function is that there are
fewer steps to compute
and it is less confusing to
the general population of
people reading the
formulas.

58. A

59. C

60. (1, (2, (4, (8

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1
2

192

5
9

(F " 32) # 273

Algebra 2

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2

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1
4

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3
2

1
3

61. (1, ( , ( , (2, (3, ( ,

1
9

62. (1, ( , (

3
( , (6
4

63. x 3 " 4x 2 " 17x # 60

64. x 3 " 3x 2 " 34x " 48

65. 6x 3 " 13x 2 # 9x " 2

66. x 3 " 6x 2 # 4x " 24

67. x 3 " 9x 2 # 31x " 39

68. x 4 # x 3 " 14x 2 # 26x " 20


5 "6
1
70. " B
R
2 "7
8
72. does not exist

69. 10 # 2j
3 "2
71. c
d
"1
1
73. " B

"1 "2
R
"3 "4

1
2

1
16

75. "

74. does not exist

"5 "2
R
"3
2

76. x !

6 # 3y
2
"2
3 # 7y

77. y !

1 " 4x 2
"5x

78. x !

79. t !

I
pr

80. F ! C # 32

81. m !

9
5

Fr 2
GM

Lesson 7-8

Inverse Functions and Relations


Pages 393394

1. no

2. Switch x and y in the


equation and solve for y.

3. Sample answer:
f (x) ! 2x, f "1(x) ! 0.5x;
f [f "1(x )] ! f "1[f (x )] ! x

4. n is an odd whole number.

5. {(4, 2), (1, "3), (8, 2)}

6. {(3, 1), ("1, 1), ("3, 1), (1, 1)}

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

193

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1
3

8. g "1(x ) ! x "

7. f "1(x ) ! "x
4

f (x )

!4

!2

g (x )

f (x) " !x
f !1(x ) " !x

g (x ) " 3x # 1
2

4x

!4

!2

!2

4x

!2

g!1(x) " 13 x ! 13

!4

10. yes

9. y ! 2x " 10
12

1
3

y y " 1x # 5
2

8
4
O

!4

!1

12

" 2x !10

11. no

12. 32.2 ft/s2

13. 15.24 m/s2

14. {(6, 2), (5, 4), ("1, "3)}

15. {(8, 3), ("2, 4), ("3, 5)}

16. {("4, 7), (5, 3), (4, "1), (5, 7)}

17. {("2, "1), ("2, "3),


("4, "1), (6, 0)}

18. {(11, 6), (7, "2), (3, 0),


(3, "5)}

19. {(8, 2), (5, "6), (2, 8), ("6, 5)}

20. x ! "3
y
4
x " !3
2
!4

!2 O

4x

!2
!4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

194

y " !3

Algebra 2

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1
2

22. f "1(x ) ! x # 5

21. g"1(x ) ! " x


g (x )

g (x ) " ! 12 x
2
!1

!2

!4

!2 O

g (x ) " !2x

24. f "1(x ) ! x " 1

g (x )
4

f (x )
4

2
g (x ) " x # 4
O

2 f (x) " 3x # 3
4x

!4

g!1(x) " x!2


!4

!2 O

!4

1
2

1
2

25. y ! " x "

!1

!2

y !1 " 3x

" ! 1x ! 1
2
2

f !1(x) " 13 x !1

2
!4

4x

!2
y " !2x ! 1
!4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

4x

26. y ! 3x

!4

!2

!4

1
3

23. g"1(x ) ! x " 4

!2

!2
f (x) " x ! 5
!4

!2

!4

f !1(x) " x # 5
x

x
!4

f (x )

y " 13 x

195

!2

4x

!2
!4

Algebra 2

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8
5

27. f "1(x ) ! x

28. f "1(x ) ! 3x " 12


f (x )
8
7 f (x) " 1 x # 4
3
6
5

f (x )

4
2
!4

!2

4x

3
2
1

f (x) " 58 x

!2

!4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

f !1(x ) " 3x ! 12

f !1(x) " 85 x

5
4

29. f "1(x ) ! x #

35
4

30. g"1(x ) ! 3x "

f (x)!1 " 54 x # 35
4
!40

f (x )
x
O
!30 !20 !10

!4

!2

!20

!2

!30

!4

f (x) " 45 x ! 7
!40

8
7

g (x )

g (x) " 2x 6# 32

!10

31. f "1(x ) ! x #

3
2

4x

g!1(x) " 3x ! 32

4
7

32. yes

f (x )

f !1(x) " 87 x #2 47
!4

!2

!2

4x

f (x) " 7x 8! 4

!4

33. no

34. no

35. yes

36. yes

37. yes

38. y !
1
2

39. y ! x "

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

11
2

4(x # 7) " 6
2

40. 12

196

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9
5

41. I(m) ! 320 # 0.04m; $4500

42. C "1(x ) ! x # 32;


C [C"1(x )] ! C "1[C (x )] ! x

43. It can be used to convert


Celsius to Fahrenheit.

44. Sample answer:


f(x ) ! x and f "1(x ) ! x or
f(x ) ! "x and f "1(x ) ! "x

45. Inverses are used to convert


between two units of
measurement. Answers
should include the following.
Even if it is not necessary,
it is helpful to know the
imperial units when given
the metric units because
most measurements in the
U.S. are given in imperial
units so it is easier to
understand the quantities
using our system.
To convert the speed of
light from meters per
second to miles per hour,
3.0 ) 108 meters
!
1 second
3600 seconds
1mile
!
1 hour
1600 meters

46. A

f (x) !

675,000,000 mi/hr

47. B

48. g [h(x)] ! 4x # 20;


h[g(x)] ! 4x # 5

49. g[h(x )] ! 6x " 10;


h[g(x )] ! 6x

50. g [h(x)] ! x 2 " 3x " 24;


h[g(x)] ! x 2 # 5x " 24

51. "7, "2, 3

52. " , ,

53. 64

54. 32

55. 3

56. 4

57. 117

58. 196

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1 4 5
4 3 2

197

Algebra 2

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60. "

59. "7
61.

25
4

Lesson 7-9

Square Root Functions and Inequalities


Pages 397399

1. In order for it to be a square


root function, only the
nonnegative range can be
considered.

2. Both have the shape of the


graph of y ! 2x, but
y ! 2x " 4 is shifted down
4 units, and y ! 2x " 4 is
shifted to the right 4 units.

3. Sample answer:
y ! 22x " 4

4.

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

y " "x # 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

D: x & 0, R: y & 2
5.

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

6.

x
O

y " "4x

12

!2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

D: x & 0; R: y & 0
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

y " 3 ! "x

7.

D: x & 0; R: y % 3
8.

y " "x ! 1 # 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
O

y ""x ! 4 # 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

D: x & 1; R: y & 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

198

Algebra 2

Chapter 7

PQ245-6457F-P07[167-202].qxd

9.

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10.

y " "2x # 4

!1 O

2
O

!2

11.

4
3
2
1
O

!2

4
3
2
1

y
y " 3 ! "5x # 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7x

!2
!3
!4

6x

12. v ! 22gh

y " "x # 2 ! 1

1 2 3 4 5 6x

!2
!3
!4

14.

13. Yes; sample answer: The


advertised pump will reach a
maximum height of 87.9 ft.

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

y " "3x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

D: x & 0, R: y & 0
15.

16.

y
O
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

y " !"5x

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

y " !4"x

D: x & 0, R: y % 0

D: x & 0, R: y % 0

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

y
O
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8

199

Algebra 2

Chapter 7

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17.

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18.

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

20.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

y " !"2x # 1

22.

O
!4

!6

y " "5x ! 3

y " "x # 6 ! 3 !4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

23.

D: x & "6, R: y & "3


24.

6
4

y " 5 !"x # 4

2
O
!2

4x

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
O

D: x & "4, R: y % 5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

!2
!2

D: x & 0.6, R: y & 0

!4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

D: x & "0.5, R: y % 0

6x

y
O
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8

D: x & 7, R: y & 0
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

D: x & "2, R: y & 0

y " "x ! 7

!2

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

y " "x # 2

y " 1 "x

D: x & 0, R: y & 0

21.

19.

y " "3x ! 6 # 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

D: x & 2, R: y & 4

200

Algebra 2

Chapter 7

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25.

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26.

y
O

y " 2"3 ! 4x # 3 6
4
2
!3

!2

!1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
!2
!4
!6
!8
!10
!12
y " !6"x
!14
!16

D: x % 0.75, R: y & 3
27.

y " "x # 5

28.

2
O

!4

29.

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
O

31.

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
O

!2

y " "2x # 8

!4

30.

y " "5x ! 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
O

!2

4x

y " "x ! 3 # 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

32. 125 ft

y " "6x ! 2 # 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

33. 317.29 mi

34. 119 lb

35. See students work.

36. If a is negative, the graph is


reflected over the x-axis. The
larger the value of a, the less
steep the graph. If h is
positive, the origin is

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

201

Algebra 2

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translated to the right, and if


h is negative, the origin is
translated to the left. When k
is positive, the origin is
translated up, and when k is
negative, the origin is
translated down.
37. Square root functions are
used in bridge design
because the engineers must
determine what diameter of
steel cable needs to be used
to support a bridge based on
its weight. Answers should
include the following.
Sample answer: When the
weight to be supported is
less than 8 tons.
13,608 tons

38. C

39. D

40. yes

41. no

42. yes

43. 2x # 2; 8; x 2 # 2x " 15;

44. 11x " 22; 9x"18;


10x 2 " 40x # 40; 10; x + 2

45.

x#5
,x+3
x"3
8x 3 # 12x 2 " 18x " 26
,
2x # 3
3
x+" ;
2
3
8x # 12x 2 " 18x " 28
,
2x # 3
3
3
x + " ; 2x " 3, x + " ;
2
2

46. 4; If x is your number, you


can write the expression
3x # x # 8
,
x#2

which equals 4

after dividing the numerator


and denominator by the GCF,
x # 2.

8x 3 # 12x 3 " 18x " 27,


3
2

x+"

47. 2x 2 " 4x " 16

48. 6p 2 " 2p " 20

49. a3 " 1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

202

Algebra 2

Chapter 7

Chapter 8 Conic Sections


Lesson 8-1 Midpoint and Distance Formulas
Pages 414416
1. Since the sum of the
x-coordinates of the given
points is negative, the
x-coordinate of the midpoint
is negative. Since the sum of
the y-coordinates of the
given points is positive, the
y-coordinate of the midpoint
is positive. Therefore, the
midpoint is in Quadrant II.

2. all of the points on the


perpendicular bisector of the
segment

3. Sample answer: (0, 0) and


(5, 2)

4. a!2,

5. (2.5, 2.25)

6. 10 units

7. 1122 units

8. 12.61 units

13
b
2

10. (12, 5)

9. D

12. (2, !6)

11. (!4, !2)


17 27
b
2 2

13. a ,

14. (0.075, 3.2)

15. (3.1, 2.7)

16. a , ! b

1
24

17. a ,

5
12

5
24

1 13
5
b, a ,
2 2
2

5
b
8

18. a ,

1
2

2b, a5, b

19. (7, 11)

20. around 8th St. and 10th Ave.

21. Sample answer: Draw


several line segments across
the U.S. One should go from
the NE corner to the SW
corner; another should go
from the SW corner to the
NW corner; another should
go across the middle (east to
west); and so on. Find the
midpoints of these segments.
Locate a point to represent
all of these midpoints.

22. near Lebanon, Kansas

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

203

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

23. See students work.

24. 13 units

25. 25 units

26. 12 units

27. 3117 units

28. 0.75 unit

29. 170.25 units

30. 165 units

31. 1 unit

32. 1271 units

33.

1813
12

34. 6110$ units, 90$ units2

units

35. 712 # 158 units, 10 units2

36. 165 # 2 12 # 1122 #


1277 units

37. 1130 units

38. about 85 mi

39. about 0.9 h

40. 14 in.

41. The slope of the line through

42. The formulas can be used to


decide from which location
an emergency squad should
be dispatched. Answers
should include the following.
Most maps have a
superimposed grid. Think
of the grid as a coordinate
system and assign
approximate coordinates
to the two cities. Then use
the Distance Formula to
find the distance between
the points with those
coordinates.
Suppose the bottom left of
the grid is the origin. Then
the coordinates of Lincoln
are about (0.7, 0.3); the
coordinates of Omaha are
about (4.6, 3.3); and the
coordinates of Fremont
are about (1.5, 4.6). The
distance from Omaha to
Fremont is about

y !y

1
(x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is 2
x2 ! x1
and the point-slope form of
the equation of the line is

y2 ! y1
(x ! x1).
x2 ! x1
x # x2 y1 # y2
Substitute 1
,

2
2

y ! y1 "

into this equation. The left

y2 ! y1
.
2
y ! y1
The right side is 2
x2 ! x1
y2 ! y1 x2 ! x1
x1 # x2

! x1 "

x2 ! x1
2
2
y ! y1
or 2
. Therefore, the
2

side is

y1 # y2
2

! y1 or

point with coordinates

x1 # x2 y1 # y2
,

2
2

lies on the

x1 # x2 y1 # y2
,

2
2

to (x1, y1) is

line through (x1, y1) and


(x2, y2). The distance from

x1 !

or

y1 # y2 2
x1 # x2 2
# y1 !

2
2

102(1.5 ! 4.6)2 # (4.6 ! 3.3)2

y1 ! y2 2
x1 ! x2 2
#
. The
B
2
2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

or 34 miles. The distance


from Lincoln to Fremont is
204

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

distance from
to (x2, y2) is
B

x1 !

about
102(1.5 ! 0.7)2 # (4.6 ! 0.3)2

or 44 miles. Since Omaha


is closer than Lincoln, the
helicopter should be
dispatched from Omaha.

y1 #y2
x1 # x2
b # y2 !
"
2
2
2

y2 ! y1 2
x2 ! x1 2
#

B
2
2

x1 # x2 y1 # y2
,

2
2

or

y1 ! y2 2
x1 ! x2 2
#
.
B
2
2

Therefore, the point with


coordinates

x1 # x2 y1 # y2
,

2
2

is equidistant from (x1, y1)


and (x2, y2).
43. C

44. B

45. on the line with equation y " x

!" is perpendicular to
46. !1; AA
the line with equation y " x,
which has slope 1.
48. D " 5x 0 x % 06,
R " 5y 0 % !16

47. D " 5x 0 x % 26, R " 5y 0 y % 06


y

y ! !x # 1

y ! !x # 2

49. D " 5x 0 x % 06, R " 5y 0 y % 16

50. no

y ! 2!x " 1

51. !1 # 13i

52. 6 ! 2i

53. 4 ! 3i

54. y " (x # 3)2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

205

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

55. y " (x ! 2)2 ! 3

56. y " 2(x # 5)2

57. y " 3(x ! 1)2 # 2

58. y " !(x # 2)2 # 10

59. y " !3(x # 3)2 # 17

Lesson 8-2 Parabolas


Pages 423425
15
16

1. (3, !7), a3, !6 b, x " 3,


y "!7

2. Sample answer: x "!y 2

1
16

4. y " 2(x ! 3)2 ! 12

3. When she added 9 to


complete the square, she forgot
to also subtract 9. The
standard form is y " (x # 3)2 !
9 # 4 or y " (x # 3)2 ! 5.
3
4

5. (3, !4), a3, !3 b, x " 3,


1
4

7
8

y " !4 , upward, 1 unit

y " 2 , upward,

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
y ! 2(x " 7)2 " 3 2

#14#12#10#8 #6 #4 #2

y ! (x # 3) 2 # 4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1
8

6. (!7, 3), a!7, 3 b, x " !7,

206

1
2

unit

2x

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

4
3

2
3
7
"! ,
12

4
3

3
4

4
3

3 9
2 2

7. a! , ! b, a! , ! b, x " ! ,
y

downward,

y ! #3x 2 # 8x # 6

1
3

9 9
8 2

9
2

8. a! , b, a! , b, y " ,
15
8

x " ! , right,

unit

3
2

units

y
x

x ! 2 y 2 # 6y " 12
3

1
8

1
8

9. y " (x ! 3)2 # 6

10. x " ! (y # 1)2 # 5


y

11. x "

O
x ! # 1 (y " 1) 2 " 5

y ! 1 (x # 3) 2 " 6

1 2
y
24

12. y " (x ! 3)2 # 2

!6

1
2

14. y " (x # 12)2 ! 80

13. x " (y # 7)2 ! 29


5 2

3
2

1
12

15. x " 3 ay # b ! 11
6

3
2

16. (0, 0), a0, ! b, x " 0, y " ,


downward, 6 units
y
#6y ! x 2
O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

207

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

1
2

1
2

17. (0, 0), a , 0b, y " 0, x " ! ,


right, 2 units

3
4

18. (!6, 3), a!6, 3 b, x " !6,


1
4

y " 2 , upward, 3 units

y
y 2 ! 2x
x

3(y # 3) ! (x " 6)2


O x

1
2

1
2

19. (1, 4), a1, 3 b, x " 1, y " 4 ,


downward, 2 units

20. (2, !3), (3, !3), y " !3,


x " 1, right, 4 units
y

4(x # 2) ! (y " 3)2


O
#2(y # 4) ! (x # 1)2

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
#4 #3#2#1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

3
4

22. (6, !16), a6, !15 b, x " 6,

21. (4, 8), (3, 8), y " 8, x " 5,


left, 4 units

1
4

y " !16 , upward, 1 unit

#2
#2
#4
#6
#8
#10
#12
#14
#16

(y # 8)2 ! #4(x # 4)
O
1 2 3 4x

208

y
O2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x

y ! x 2 # 12x " 20

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

5
115
144
, ! b, a ,
4
2
5
287
1
x"
, right,
10
5

3
4

24. a

23. (!24, 7), a!23 , 7b, y " 7,


1
4

x " !24 , right, 1 unit


24

x ! y 2 # 14y " 25 16

#8

25. (4, 2), a4, 2


11
12

1
b,
12

unit

x ! 5y 2 " 25y " 60

2
1

#2
#3
#4
#5
#6

8x

#8

5
2

O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 x

8
#24 #16

5
2

! b, y " ! ,

5
4

y " 1 , upward,

1
3

55
5
5
8
4
4
27
1
! , downward, unit
4
2

26. a , ! b, a , !7b, x " ,

x " 4,

y"

unit

y
O

y
#2

#4 x ! #2x 2 " 5x # 10
#8
#12

y ! 3x 2 # 24x " 50

#16

17 3
67 3
4 4
16 4
69
1
x " , left,
4
16

3
4

1
2

27. a , b, a , b, y " ,

1
2

28. (3, 5), a3, 5 b, x " 3, y " 4 ,


upward, 2 units

unit

y
x ! #4y 2 " 6y " 2

y ! 1 x 2 # 3x " 19
2

x
O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

209

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

1
4
3
x " 123 , left,
4

29. (123, !18), a122 , !18b,


y " !18,

20
#120 #60

30.

y
x ! 3y 2 " 4y " 1

3 units

120x

60

#20
#40
#60

x ! # 1 y 2 # 12y " 15
3

1
3

31. 1

32. !1 and !
1
3

2
3

2
3

33. y " !

34. a! , ! b

35. 0.75 cm

36. y "

1 2
x
16

#1

y ! 1 x2 " 1
16

1
(y
24

37. x " !
y

1
8

38. x " (y # 2)2 ! 6

! 6)2 # 8

14
12
10
8
6 x ! # 1 (y # 6)2" 8
24
4
2

x ! 1 (y " 2)2# 6
8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
#2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

210

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

39. y "

1
(x
16

1
6

40. y " ! (x # 7)2 # 4

! 1)2 # 7
8
6
4
2

#4 #3#2#1
#2
#4
#6
#8

y ! # 1 (x " 7)2" 4
6

y ! 1 (x # 1)2" 7
16

O1 2 3 4 5 6 x

#12

#8

#4

#4

XBox.

#8

2
9

1
4

42. y " x 2 ! 2

41. x " (y ! 3)2 # 4


y
x ! 1 (y # 3)2" 4
4

1
(x
100

43. about y " !0.00046x 2 # 325


1
x2
26,200

45. y " !

44. y " !

46. x " (y ! 3)2 # 4

# 6550

47. A parabolic reflector can be


used to make a car headlight
more effective. Answers
should include the following.
Reflected rays are focused
at that point.
The light from an
unreflected bulb would
shine in all directions. With
a parabolic reflector, most
of the light can be directed
forward toward the road.

48. B

49. A

50. 13 units

51. 10 units

52. 234 units

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

! 50)2 # 25

211

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

53.

54. 2.016 & 105

y !!x " 1

55. 4

56. 5

57. 9

58. 12

59. 223

60. 322

61. 423

62. 622

Lesson 8-3 Circles


Pages 428431
1. Sample answer: (x ! 6)2 #
(y # 2)2 " 16

2. (x # 3)2 # (y ! 1)2 " 64; left


3 units, up 1 unit

3. Lucy; 36 is the square of the


radius, so the radius is 6
units.

4. (x ! 3)2 # (y # 1)2 " 9

5. (x # 1)2 # (y # 5)2 " 4

6. x 2 # (y # 2)2 " 25

7. (x ! 3)2 # (y # 7)2 " 9

8. (4, 1), 3 units


y

x
(x # 4)2 " (y # 1)2 ! 9

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

212

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

10. (4, 0),

9. (0, 14), 234 units


24

(x # 4)2 " y 2 ! 16
25

#8

unit

x 2 " (y # 14)2 ! 34

16

#16

4
5

16x

#8

2 1
3 2

212
3

11. a! , b

12. (!4, 3), 5 units

unit

(x " 4)2 " (y # 3)2 ! 25

(x " 23 ) " (y # 12 )
2

! 8

14. x 2 # y 2 " 42,2002

13. (!2, 0), 223 units


y

(x " 2)2 " y 2 ! 12

16. (x # 1)2 # (y ! 1)2 " 16

15.
Earth

y
Satellite
35,800
km
x

6400
km

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

42,200
km

213

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

17. (x ! 2)2 # (y # 1)2 " 4


19. (x # 8)2 # (y ! 7)2 "
1 2
2

21. (x # 1)2 # ay # b "

18. x 2 # (y ! 3)2 " 49

1
4

20. (x # 1)2 # (y ! 4)2 " 20

1945
4

22. (x ! 8)2 # (y # 9)2 " 1130

23. (x # 213)2 # (y ! 42)2 "


1777

24. (x # 8)2 # (y # 7)2 " 64

25. (x ! 4)2 # (y ! 2)2 " 4

26. (x ! 1)2 # (y ! 4)2 " 16

27. (x # 5)2 # (y ! 4)2 " 25

28. x 2 # y 2 " 18

29. (x # 2.5)2 # (y # 2.8)2 " 1600

30. (0, !2), 2 units


y
x 2 " (y " 2)2 ! 4
O

32. (3, 1), 5 units

31. (0, 0), 12 units


16

x 2 " y 2 ! 144

8
O

#16 #8

16x

(x # 3)2 " (y # 1)2 ! 25

#8

#16

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

214

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

34. (3, 0), 4 units

33. (!3, !7), 9 units


(x " 3)2 " (y " 7)2 ! 81 4
2

#12#10#8#6#4#2 O2 4 6 8 x
#2
#4
#6
#8
#10
#12
#14
#16

(x # 3)2 " y 2 ! 16

36. (!25, 4), 5 units

35. (3, !7), 522 units


2
#6#4 #2
#2
#4
#6
#8
#10
#12
#14

y (x # 3)2 " (y " 7)2 ! 50


O
2 4 6 8 10 x

38. (!7, !3), 222 units

37. (!2, 23), 229 units


y

y
O x

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

215

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

40. (!1, 0), 211 units

39. (0, 3), 5 units


y

9
2

42. a! , 4b,

41. (9, 9), 2109 units


18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
#2O
#2

2129
2

units
y

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 x

3
2

43. a , !4b,
4
2
#6 #4#2
#2
#4
#6
#8
#10
#12

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

3 217
2

O x

44. (6, 8), 4 units

units

y
O

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2

2 4 6 8 10 x

#2
#2

216

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

45. (!1, !2), 214 units

46. (!2, 1), 22 units

x
O

9
2

47. a0, ! b, 219 units

48. about 109 mi

y
O

49. (x # 1)2 # (y # 2)2 " 5

50. A circle can be used to


represent the limit at which
planes can be detected by
radar. Answers should
include the following.
x 2 # y 2 " 2500
The region whose
boundary is modeled by
x 2 # y 2 " 4900 is larger,
so there would be more
planes to track.

51. A

52. D

53. y " '216 ! (x # 3)2

54. y " 216 ! (x # 3)2,


y " !216 ! (x # 3)2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

217

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

56. x " !3 ' 216 ! y 2;


The equations with the #
symbol and ! symbol
represent the right and left
halves of the circle,
respectively.

55.

[#10, 10] scl:1 by [#10, 10] scl:1

1
12

11
12

left,

1
3

1
4

58. (3, !2), a3, !2 b, x " 3,

57. (1, 0), a , 0b, y " 0, x " 1 ,

3
4

y " !1 , downward, 1 unit

unit
y

y
O

x ! #3y 2 " 1

y " 2 ! #(x # 3)2

3
4

59. (!2, !4), a!2, !3 b, x "!2,


1
4

60. (4, !4)

y " !4 , upward, 1 unit


y
2

y ! x " 4x

3
2

61. (!1, !2)

62. a , 6b

63. !4, !2, 1

64. ! , 2, 3

65. 28 in. by 15 in.

66. 12

67. 6

68. 4

69. 25

70. 225

1
2

71. 222
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

218

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

Chapter 8
Practice Quiz 1
Page 431
2. 2226 units

1. 13 units
1
2
1
!1 ,
2

x"

1
4

4. (!4, 4), a!4, 4 b, x " !4,

3. (0, 0), a1 , 0b, y " 0,

3
4

y " 3 , upward, 1 unit

right, 6 units

y
y 2 ! 6x
x

y ! x 2 " 8x " 20
O x

5. (0, 4), 7 units


12
10
8
6
4
2
#8#6#4#2O
#2
#4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

2 4 6 8x

x 2 " (y # 4)2 ! 49

219

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

Lesson 8-4 Ellipses


Pages 437440
2. Let the equation of a circle
be (x ! h)2 # (y ! k)2 " r 2.
Divide each side by r 2 to get

1. x " !1, y " 2

(y ! k)2
(x ! h)2
#
r2
r2

"1. This

is the equation of an ellipse


with a and b both equal to r. In
other words, a circle is an
ellipse whose major and minor
axes are both diameters.
3. Sample answer:
(x !
4

5.

2)2

(y # 4)2
36

5)2

(y #
1

(x ! 2)2
4

4.

x2
36

6.

y2
100

"1
"1

7. (0, 0): (0, '3); 612; 6

y2
20

"1

x2
36

"1

8. (1, !2); (5, !2), (!3, !2);


415; 4

y2
x2
"
!1
18
9

( y " 2)2
(x # 1)2
"
!1
4
20

9. (0, 0); ('2, 0); 412; 4

10. (4, !2); (4 ' 216, !2); 10; 2


y

O
2

4x " 8y ! 32

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

220

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

11. about

x2
1.32 & 1015

12.

y2
64

14.

(x ! 5)2
64

(y ! 4)2
9

"1

16.

(x # 2)2
81

(y ! 5)2
16

"1

"1

18.

(y ! 2)2
100

(x ! 42 2
9

"1

"1

20.

(x ! 1)2
81

(y ! 2)2
56

"1

22.

x2
324

24.

x2
193,600

y2
279,312.25

26.

(x ! 1)2
30

(y # 1)2
5

y2
1.27 & 1015

x2
39

"1

"1
13.

x2
16

y2
7

15.

y2
16

(x # 2)2
4

17.

(y ! 4)2
64

19.

(x ! 5)2
64

21.

x2
169

23. about

"1

y2
25

"1

(x ! 2)2
4
(y ! 4)2
81
4

"1

x2
2.02 & 1016

y2
2.00 & 1016

y2
196

"1
"1

"1
25.

y2
20

x2
4

"1

27. (0, 0); (0, '15); 2110; 215

28. (0, 0); ('4, 0); 10; 6

y2
x2
"
!1
10
5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

"1

x2
y2
"
!1
25
9

221

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

30. (5, !11); (5, !11 ' 123);


24; 22

29. (!8, 2); (!8 ' 3 17, 2); 24; 18


16

#12#8#4 O4 8 12 16 20 x
#4
#8
#12
#16
#20
#24
#28
(y " 11)2
(x # 5)2
"
!1

O
#24 #16

8x

#8

#8
(x " 8) 2
(y # 2)2
"
!1
#16
144
81

144

121

32. (0, 0); (0, ' 16); 6; 213

31. (0, 0); ('16, 0); 6; 213

3x 2 " 9y 2 ! 27

27x 2 " 9y 2 ! 81

34. (0, 0); ('315, 0); 18; 12

33. (0, 0); (0, '17); 8; 6


y

8
6
4
2

#8#6#4#2
#2
#4
#6
#8

16x " 9y ! 144

O
2 4 6 8x

36x 2 " 81y 2 ! 2916

36. (!2, 7); (!2 ' 412, 7);


4110 ; 412

35. (!3, 1); (!3, 5), (!3, !3);


416; 412
y

12

8
4
O
O

#8

#4

#4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

222

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

37. (2, 2); (2, 4), (2, 0); 217; 213

38. (!1, 3); (2, 3), (!4, 3); 10; 8

39.

x2
12

y2
9

"1

40. Knowledge of the orbit of


Earth can be used in
predicting the seasons and in
space exploration. Answers
should include the following.
Knowledge of the path of
another planet would be
needed if we wanted to
send a spacecraft to that
planet.
1.55 million miles
42. B

41. C
43. about

x2
1.35&1019

44. (x ! 3)2 # (y # 2)2 " 25

y2
1.26 & 1019

"1
45. (x ! 4)2 # (y ! 1)2 " 101

46. (x # 1)2 # y 2 " 45

47. (x ! 4)2 # (y # 1)2 " 16

48. y " (x ! 3)2 # 1

1
2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

223

1
2
y ! 2 (x # 3) " 1 x

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

49.

50. Sample answer using


(0, 104.6) and (10, 112.6):
y " 0.8x # 104.6

People (millions)

Married Americans
120
118
116
114
112
110
108
106
104
0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

51. Sample answer: 128,600,000

52.

y ! 2x

53.

y
y ! # 12 x

55.

54.

y ! #2x

56.

y ! 12 x

x
y " 2 ! 2(x #1)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

224

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

57.

x
y " 2 ! #2(x # 1)

Lesson 8-5 Hyperbolas


Pages 445448
1. sometimes

3. Sample answer:
5.

x2
1

y2
15

2. As k increases, the branches


of the hyperbola become
wider.
x2
4

y2
9

4.

"1

y2
4

x2
21

"1

6. (0, '3 22); (0, '238);

"1

y"'

3110
x
10
8
6
4
2

#8#6#4#2
#2
#4
#6
#8

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

225

y2

x2
#
18
20 ! 1
O2 4 6 8 x

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

7. (1, !6 ' 2 25);


(1, !6 ' 3 25);
y # 6 "'

8. ('6, 0); ('237, 0);


1
6

y"' x

2 25
(x
5

! 1)

16

2
2
8 x # 36y ! 36

#16

#8

16x

#8
2

(y " 6)

20

(x # 1)
25

!1

#16

3
4

9. (4 ' 2 25, !2);


(4 ' 3 25, !2);
y#2"'

25
(x
2

10. (0, '15); (0, '25); y " ' x


20
15
10
5

! 4)

16
12
8
4

13.

x2
4

y2
12

ay

11
# 2b

"1
!

25
4

15.

x2
25

17.

(x ! 2)2
49

19.

x2
16

"1

12.

(y ! 3)2
1

(x # 2)2
4

"1

14.

(x ! 3)2
4

(y # 5)2
9

"1

16.

y2
16

"1

18.

(y ! 5)2
16

20.

y2
36

"1

y2
36

x2
6

y2
9

"1

"1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

(y # 3)2
4

x2
#
400 ! 1
225
y2

#20#15#10#5 O5 10 15 20x
#5
#10
#15
#20

#12#8#4 O4 8 12 16 20 x
#4
#8
#12
#16

11.

"1

226

x2
49

x2
4

(x # 4)2
81

"1

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

21. ('9, 0); (' 2130, 0);

22. (0, '6); (0, '2210); y "'3x

7
9

y"' x

8
6
4
2

2
2
y x # y !1
81
49
16
12
8
4

4
5

24. ('3, 0); ( '234, 0); y " ' x

y
x2

y2
#
9
25 ! 1

#8 #6 #4#2 O2 4 6 8 x
#2
#4
#6
#8
y2
x2
#
16
25 ! 1

26. ('2, 0); ('222, 0); y " 'x


y

22
' x
2

x 2 # y 2! 4

y
x 2 # 2y 2 ! 2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

25. (' 22, 0); ('23, 0);

x2
# 4 !1

5
3

23. (0, '4); (0, '241); y " ' x

y"

y2

36

#4 #3 #2#1 O1 2 3 4 x
#2
#4
#6
#8

#16#12#8#4 O4 8 12 16x
#4
#8
#12
#16

8
6
4
2

227

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

27. (0, '6); (0, '3 25); y " '2x


16

8
#8

#16

#4

28. (0, '22); (0, '222);


y"'

y 2 ! 36 " 4x 2
O

16x

6y 2 ! 2x 2 " 12

#12

30. (2, !2), (2, 8); (2, 3 ' 241);


5
4

4
3

y ! 3 " ' (x ! 2)

(!2, 9); y ! 4 " ' (x # 2)


12

y
10
8
(x # 2)2
(y # 36)2
!1
#
4
16
25
2
O
2 4 6 8 10 x
#6 #4#2
#2
#4
#6

8
(y # 4
16

#8

(x " 2)2

# 49
O
#4

!1
4

#4

31. (!3, !3), (1, !3);

32. (!12, !3), (0, !3);

(!1 ' 213, !3);


y#3"

29. (!2, 0), (!2, 8); (!2, !1),

)2

23
x
3

3
' (x
2

(!6 ' 3 25, !3);


1
2

# 1)

y # 3 " ' (x # 6)

y
O

6
4
2

O
2x
#14#12#10#8 #6 #4#2
#2
#4
#6
2
(y " 3)#8
(x " 6)2
#
9 #10! 1
36
(y " 3)2
(x " 1)2
!1
#
9
4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

228

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

33. (1, !3 ' 2 26);

34. (!4, 0), (6, 0); (1 ' 229, 0);


2
5

(1, !3 ' 4 22);

y " ' (x ! 1)

y # 3 " '23(x ! 1)
6
4
2

8
6
4
2

#8 #6 #4#2 O2 4 6 8 x
#2
#4
#6
#8
#10

#8 #6 #4#2 O2 4 6 8 x
#2
#4
4x 2 ##6
25y 2 # 8x # 96! 0
#8

y 2 # 3x 2 " 6y " 6x # 18 ! 0

35.

x2
1.1025

y2
7.8975

36.

"1

Station

38.

37. 120 cm, 100 cm

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

229

(x ! 2)2
4

Station x

(y ! 3)2
4

"1

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

39. about 47.32 ft

40. Hyperbolas and parabolas


have different graphs and
different reflective properties.
Answers should include the
following.
Hyperbolas have two
branches, two foci, and
two vertices. Parabolas
have only one branch, one
focus, and one vertex.
Hyperbolas have
asymptotes, but parabolas
do not.
Hyperbolas reflect rays
directed at one focus
toward the other focus.
Parabolas reflect parallel
incoming rays toward the
only focus.

41. C

42. B

43.

44. (22, 22), (!22, !22)

y
xy ! 2

45.

46. The graph of xy " !2 can


be obtained by reflecting the
graph of xy " 2 over the
x-axis or over the y-axis. The
graph of xy " !2 can also
be obtained by rotating the
graph of xy " 2 by 90(.

y
xy ! #2
x
O

47.

(x ! 5)2
16

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

(y ! 2)2
1

48.

"1

230

(y ! 1)2
16

(x # 3)2
9

"1

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

49.

(x ! 1)2
25

(y ! 4)2
9

"1

50. (5, !1), 2 units


y

3
2

51. !4, !2
!7 0
S
53. C
5 20
55. about 5,330,000 subscribers
per year

52. !7,

57. 2x # 17y

58. 2, 3, !5

59. 1, !2, 9

60. !3, 1, 2

61. 5, 0, !2

62. 1, 0, 0

54. [13 !8 1]
56. !5, 4

63. 0, 1, 0

Chapter 8
Practice Quiz 2
Page 448
1.

(y ! 1)2
81

(x ! 3)2
32

2. (4, !2); (4 ' 2 22, !2); 6; 2

"1

( y " 2) 2
(x # 4)2
!1
"
1
9

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

231

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

3. (!1, 1); (!1, 1 ' 211); 8;

4.

x2
9

y2
16

"1

225
y

5.

(x ! 2)2
16

(y ! 2)2
5

"1

Lesson 8-6 Conic Sections


Pages 450452
1. Sample answer:
2x 2 # 2y 2 ! 1 " 0

2. 2x 2 ! 4x # 7y # 1 " 0

3. The standard form of the


equation is (x ! 2)2 #
(y # 1)2 " 0. This is an
equation of a circle centered
at (2, !1) with radius 0. In
other words, (2, !1) is the
only point that satisfies the
equation.

4. y " ax # b ! , parabola

5.

y2
16

x2
8

3 2
2
y

#8#6#4#2
#2
#4
#6
#8

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1 2
2

9
4

6. ax ! b # y 2 " , circle

" 1, hyperbola
8
6
4
2

5
4

O
2 4 6 8x

232

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

7.

(x # 1)2
4

(y ! 3)2
1

8. parabola

" 1,

ellipse
y

9. ellipse
11.

10
8
6
4
2
#2
#4
#6

10. hyperbola
12. x 2 # y 2 " 27, circle

4
O2 4 6 8 10 12 14

#8

#4

8x

#4
#8

13.

y2
4

x2
2

1
8

14. y " x 2, parabola

" 1, ellipse

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

233

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

15.

x2
4

y2
1

16.

" 1, hyperbola

(x ! 1)2
36

(y ! 4)2
4

" 1,

hyperbola

12

4
O
#8

#4

12x

#4

1
9

18. x " (y ! 4)2 # 4, parabola

17. y " (x ! 2)2 ! 4, parabola


y

20. x 2 # (y # 3)2 " 36, circle

19. (x # 2)2 # (y ! 3)2 " 9,


circle

4
O
#8

#4

8x

#4
#8
O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

234

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

21.

(x # 4)2
32

y2
32

22.

" 1, hyperbola
8
6
4
2

(x ! 1)2
9

24.

(y # 1)2
25

!
8
6
4
2

x2
4

#8#6#4#2
#2
#4
#6
#8

(y # 1)2
3

23. x 2 # (y ! 4)2 " 5, circle

25.

26.

" 1, ellipse

(x # 1)2
16

x2
9

O
2 4 6 8x

(y ! 1)2
4

" 1, ellipse

x
O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

" 1, hyperbola

" 1, ellipse

9
2

#12#10#8#6 #4#2 O 2 4 x
#2
#4
#6
#8

y2

235

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

27. y " !(x # 4)2 ! 7, parabola


#12

#8

y
O

#4

28.

(x ! 2)2
5

(y # 1)2
6

" 1,

hyperbola

4x

#4
#8

#12
#16

29.

(x ! 3)2
25

(y ! 1)2
9

30. parabolas and hyperbolas

" 1, ellipse

32.

31. hyperbola

33. circle

34. hyperbola

35. parabola

36. ellipse

37. ellipse

38. circle

39. parabola

40. hyperbola

41. b

42. a

43. c

44. 2 intersecting lines

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

236

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

45. The plane should be vertical


and contain the axis of the
double cone.

46. If you point a flashlight at a


flat surface, you can make
different conic sections by
varying the angle at which
you point the flashlight.
Answers should include the
following.
Point the flashlight directly
at a ceiling or wall. The
light from the flashlight is
in the shape of a cone
and the ceiling or wall acts
as a plane perpendicular
to the axis of the cone.
Hold the flashlight close to
a wall and point it directly
vertically toward the ceiling.
A branch of a hyperbola will
appear on the wall. In this
case, the wall acts as a
plane parallel to the axis of
the cone.

47. D

48. C

49. 0 ) e ) 1, e * 1

50.

51.

(x ! 3)2
9

(y # 6)2
4

(y ! 4)2
36

(x ! 5)2
16

"1

52. (3, !4); (3 ' 25, !4); 6; 4

"1

y
x

54. m12n

53. x12
55.

x7
y4

56. 196 beats per min

57. (2, 6)

58. (3, 2)

59. (0, 2)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

237

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

Lesson 8-7

Solving Quadratic Systems


Pages 458460
2. The vertex of the parabola is
on the ellipse. The parabola
opens toward the interior of
the ellipse and is narrow
enough to intersect the
ellipse in two other points.
Thus, there are exactly three
points of intersection.

1a. (!3, !4), (3, 4)


y

4x # 3y ! 0
O

x 2 " y 2 ! 25

1b. ('1, 4)
y
y ! 2x 2 " 2

y ! 5 # x2
O

3. Sample answer:
x 2 # y 2 " 40, y " x 2 # x

4. ('4, 5)

5. (!4, !3), (3, 4)

6. no solution

7. (1, '5), (!1, '5)

8.

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
#10#8#6#4#2
#2
#4
#6

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

238

2 4 6 8 10 x

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

9.

10. (40, 30)

3
2

9
b,
2

11. (2, 4), (!1, 1)

12. a ,

13. (!1 # 217, 1 # 217),

14. no solution

(!1, 2)

(!1 ! 217, 1 ! 217)


15. ( 25, 25), (!25, !25)

16. no solution

17. (5, 0), (!4, '6)

18. (0, 3), a'

19. ('8, 0)

20. (0, '5)

21. no solution

22. (4, '3), (!4, '3)

23. (!5, 5), (!5, 1), (3, 3)

24. (6, 3), (6, 1), (!4, 4), (!4, 0)

5
3

7
3

123
11
,! b
2
4

25. a! , ! b, (1, 3)

26. (3, '4), (!3, '4)

27. 0.5 s

28. Sample answer:


x2
y2
#
" 1,
36
16
x2
(y ! 2)2
#
"
16
4
x2
y2
#
"1
2
16

29. a

40 ! 24 25 45 ! 12 25
b
,
5
5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1,

30. (39.2, '4.4)

239

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

32.

31. No; the comet and Pluto may


not be at either point of
intersection at the same
time.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

O
#8#6#4#2
#2
#4
#6
#8

2 4 6 8x

38. k ) !3, !2 ) k ) 2, or k * 3

8
6
4
2

39. none

40. k " '2 or k " '3

41. none

42. !3 ) k ) !2 or 2 ) k ) 3

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

240

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

43. Systems of equations can be


used to represent the
locations and/or paths of
objects on the screen.
Answers should include the
following.
y " 3x, x 2 # y 2 " 2500
The y-intercept of the
graph of the equation
y " 3x is 0, so the path of
the spaceship contains the
origin.
(!5 210, !15 210) or
about (!15.81, !47.43)
45. B

44. A

47. Sample answer:

48. Sample answer:

46. Sample answer: y " x 2,


x " (y ! 2)2

x 2 # y 2 " 36,
(x # 2)2
16

y2
4

"1

49. Sample answer: x 2 # y 2 " 81,


x2
4

y2

100

x2
16

x 2 # y 2 " 100,

50. Sample answer:

"1

y2
x2
!
64
16

x2
64

y2
4

"1

y2
16

" 1,

"1

52. (x # 2)2 # (y # 1)2 " 11,


circle

51. impossible

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

241

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

53.

(y ! 3)2
9

x2
4

54. (0, '2); (0, '4); y " '

" 1, ellipse

23
x
3

6y 2 # 2x 2 ! 24

O
O

55. !7, 0

56. 0, 3

57. !7, 3

58. 7, !5

4
3

3
4

1
2

59. !

60. ! ,

61a. 40
61b. two real, irrational

62a. !48
62b. two imaginary

61c. '

210
5

62c. 1 '

63. 2 # 9i
65.

8
5

2i 23
3

64. 29 ! 28i

1
5

66. about 1830 times

! i

67. 6

68. !2

69. !51

70. (5, 3, 7)

71. y " 3x ! 2

72. y " ! x !

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

5
3

242

4
3

Algebra 2

Chapter 8

PQ245-6457F-P09[243-266].qxd 7/31/02 9:54 AM Page 243 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-09:

Chapter 9 Rational Expressions and Equations


Lesson 9-1 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
Pages 476478
4
6

1. Sample answer: ,

4(x " 2)
6(x " 2)

2. To multiply rational numbers


or rational expressions, you
multiply the numerators and
multiply the denominators. To
divide rational numbers or
rational expressions, you
multiply by the reciprocal of
the divisor. In either case, you
can reduce your answer by
dividing the numerator and
the denominator of the results
by any common factors.

3. Never; solving the equation


using cross products leads to
15 ! 10, which is never true.

4.

9m
4n4

5.

1
a#b

6.

3y 2
y"4

7.

3c
20b

8.

5
12x

9.

6
5

10.

p"5
p"1

11. cd 2x

12.

2y(y # 2)
3(y " 2)

13. D

14.

5c
2b

n2
7m

16. #3x 4y

15. #
17.

s
3

18.

5
t"1

19.

1
2

20.

y"2
3y # 1

21.

a"1
2a " 1

22.

3x 2
2y

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

243

Algebra 2

Chapter 9

PQ245-6457F-P09[243-266].qxd 7/31/02 9:54 AM Page 244 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-09:

4bc
27a

23. #

24. #f

25. #2p 2

26.

xz
8y

27.

b3
x 2y 2

28. 3

29.

4
3

30.

2
3

31. 1

32.

5(x # 3)
2(x " 1)
3(r " 4)
r"3

33.

w#3
w#4

34.

35.

2(a " 5)
(a # 2)(a " 2)

36. #

3n
m

37. #2p

38.

m"n
m2 " n2

39.

2x " y
2x # y

40. y " 1

41.

4
3

42. d ! #2, #1 or 2

43. a ! #b or b
45.

44.

6827 " m
13,129 " a

6827
13,129

46. 2x " 1 units


1
a#2

47. (2x 2 " x # 15)m 2

48.

49. A rational expression can be


used to express the fraction
of a nut mixture that is
peanuts. Answers should
include the following.
The rational expression
8"x
is in simplest form

50. C

13 " x

because the numerator


and the denominator have
no common factors.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

244

Algebra 2

Chapter 9

PQ245-6457F-P09[243-266].qxd 7/31/02 9:54 AM Page 245 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-09:

8"x

Sample answer:
13 " x " y
could be used to represent
the fraction that is peanuts
if x pounds of peanuts and
y pounds of cashews were
added to the original
mixture.
51. A

52. (#1, %4), (5, %2)

53. (%217, %222)

54. x !

1
3

(y " 3)2 " 1; parabola

y
O

x
x ! 13 (y # 3)2 # 1

55.

(x # 7)2 (y # 2)2
9
1

56. even; 2

! 1;

hyperbola
8

O
4
"4

(x " 7)
9

12
2

"

(y " 2)
!1
1

"8

AA

57. odd; 3

C A BLACK

58. even; 0
1 1
6 3

59. #1, 4

60. # ,

61. 0, 5

62. 4.99 & 102 s or about 8 min


19 s

63. $

64.
1
9

11
24

65. #1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

3 19
,
2 16

66. #1
245

Algebra 2

Chapter 9

PQ245-6457F-P09[243-266].qxd 7/31/02 9:54 AM Page 246 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-09:

4
15

11
16

67. 1

68. #

11
18

70.

69. #

Lesson 9-2

1
6

Adding and Subtracting Rational Epressions


Pages 481484

1. Catalina; you need a


common denominator, not a
common numerator, to
subtract two rational
expressions.

2. Sample answer: d 2 # d, d " 1

3a. Always; since a, b, and c are


factors of abc, abc is always
a common denominator of

4. 12x 2y 2

1
1
1
" " .
a
c
b

3b. Sometimes; if a, b, and c


have no common factors,
then abc is the LCD of
1
1
1
" " .
a
c
b

3c. Sometimes; if a and b have


no common factors and c is
a factor of ab, then ab is the
1
1
1
LCD of " " .
a

3d. Sometimes; if a and c are


factors of b, then b is the
1
1
1
LCD of " " .
a

3e. Always; since

1
1
1
" " !
a
c
b

ac
ab
bc
"
"
, the sum
abc
abc
abc
bc " ac " ab
.
always
abc

is

5. 80ab3c
7.

6. x(x # 2)(x " 2)

2 # x3
x 2y

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

8.
246

42a 2 " 5b 2
90ab 2

Algebra 2

Chapter 9

PQ245-6457F-P09[243-266].qxd 7/31/02 9:54 AM Page 247 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-09:

37
42m

10.

5d " 16
(d " 2) 2

11.

3a # 10
(a # 5)(a " 4)

12.

8
5

13.

13x 2 " 4x # 9
2x (x # 1)(x " 1)

9.

14. 70s 2t 2

units

15. 180x 2yz

16. 420a3b3c 3

17. 36p 3q 4

18. 4(w # 3)

19. x 2(x # y)(x " y)

20. (2t " 3)(t # 1)(t " 1)

21. (n # 4)(n # 3)(n " 2)

22.

6 " 8b
ab

23.

31
12v

24.

5 " 7r
r

25.

2x " 15y
3y

26.

9x 2 # 2y 3
12x 2y

27.

25b # 7a3
5a 2b 2

28. #

29.

110w # 423
90w

30.

13
y#8

31.

a"3
a#4

32.

5m # 4
3(m " 2)(m # 2)

33.

y (y # 9)
(y " 3)(y # 3)

34.

7x " 38
2(x # 7)(x " 4)

35.

#8d " 20
(d # 4)(d " 4)(d # 2)

36.

#4h " 15
(h # 4)(h # 5)2

37.

x2 # 6
(x " 2)2(x " 3)

38. 0

39.

2y 2 " y # 4
(y # 1)(y # 2)

40.

1
b"1

42.

2s # 1
2s " 1

a"7
a"2

44.

3x # 4
2x (x # 2)

45. 12 ohms

46.

24
h
x

3
20q

41. #1
43.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

247

Algebra 2

Chapter 9

PQ245-6457F-P09[243-266].qxd 7/31/02 9:54 AM Page 248 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-09:

47.
49.

24
h
x#4
2md
(d # L)2(d " L) 2
2md
2
(d # L2 ) 2

48.

50. Sample answer:

or

1
1
,
x"1 x#2

51. Subtraction of rational


expressions can be used to
determine the distance
between the lens and the
film if the focal length of the
lens and the distance
between the lens and the
object are known. Answers
should include the following.
To subtract rational
expressions, first find a
common denominator.
Then, write each fraction
as an equivalent fraction
with the common
denominator. Subtract the
numerators and place the
difference over the
common denominator. If
possible, reduce the
answer.

1
1
1
!
#
q
10
60

48(x # 2)
h
x(x # 4)

52. B

could be used

to determine the distance


between the lens and the
film if the focal length of
the lens is 10 cm and the
distance between the lens
and the object is 60 cm.
54.

53. C

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

248

4
15xyz 2

Algebra 2

Chapter 9

PQ245-6457F-P09[243-266].qxd 7/31/02 9:54 AM Page 249 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-09:

55.

a(a " 2)
a"1

56.

y
8
x 2 # y 2 ! 16
8x

"8

"8
9x 2 # y 2 ! 81

57.

58. 2.5 ft

y
2

(y " 3) ! x # 2

x2! y# 4

59.

60.

y
15

6
2
"8

10
O

8x

"2

"10 "5 O
2

x "6 y ! 1
" 20

10x

"5

16

"10

y2 x2
"15
"
!1

49

61.

10
8
6
4
2

25

O
"2
2 4 6x

"6

"4
2

(x # 2)
(y " 5)
!1
" "8
16
25

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

249

Algebra 2

Chapter 9

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Chapter 9
Practice Quiz 1
Page 484
t"2
t#3

2.

c
6b 2

3. #

y2
32

4.

7
2

5. (w " 4)(3w " 4)

6. x # 1

1.

7.

4a " 1
a"b

9.

n # 29
(n " 6)(n # 1)

8.

Lesson 9-3

10.

1
4

Graphing Rational Functions


Pages 488490

1. Sample answer:
f(x) !

6ax " 20by


15a 2b3

2. Each of the graphs is a


straight line passing through
(#5, 0) and (0, 5). However,

1
(x " 5)(x # 2)

the graph of f (x) !

(x # 1)(x " 5)
x#1

has a hole at (1, 6), and the


graph of g(x ) ! x " 5 does
not have a hole.
3. x ! 2 and y ! 0 are
asymptotes of the graph. The
y-intercept is 0.5 and there is
no x-intercept because y ! 0
is an asymptote.

4. asymptote: x ! 2

5. asymptote: x ! #5; hole:


x!1

6.

f (x )

f (x ) !

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

250

x
x
x #1

Algebra 2

Chapter 9

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7.

8.

f (x )
4

f (x )
10

2
6
"8

"2

f (x ) !

"4

8x

6
(x " 2)(x # 3)

"4 O

10.

f (x )

4
2
"8

"2

10

4
( x " 1)2

8x

f (x ) !

x "5
x #1

"4

11.

f (x )
f (x ) !

"4

"4

"4

9.

x 2 " 25

f (x ) ! x " 5

12. 100 mg

f (x)

x
f(x) !

13.

x #2
x2 " x " 6

14. y ! #12, C ! 1; 0; 0

C
10
6

C!

y
y # 12

16 y

2
O

"16 "8

"4

15. y ' 0 and 0 ( C ( 1

16. asymptotes: x ! 2, hole:


x!3

17. asymptotes: x ! #4, x ! 2

18. asymptotes: x ! #4, hole:


x ! #3

19. asymptotes: x ! #1, hole:


x!5

20. hole: x ! 4

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22.

21. hole: x ! 1

f (x )
1

f (x ) ! x

23.

24.

f (x )

f (x )
f (x ) !

1
x#2

f (x ) ! x

25.

26.

f (x )
6

f (x ) !

"5
x #1

2
"8

x
O

"4

f (x )

"4

f (x ) !

x
x "3

"8

27.
8

28.

f (x )
f (x ) !

f (x )

f (x ) !

5x
x #1

"3
( x " 2)2

x
O

4
"8

"4

8x

"4

29.

30.

f (x )
f (x ) !

1
( x # 3)2

f (x )
f (x ) !

x #4
x "1

6
2

"8

"4 O

8x

"4
O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

"8

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31.

32.

f (x )

4
"8

f (x ) !

f(x) !

f(x)

"4 O

x 2 " 36 "4
x #6

x "1
x "3

"8
"12

33.

34.

f (x)
f(x) !

f (x )

x2 " 1
x "1

f (x ) !

35.

f (x )
f (x ) !

"1
( x # 2)( x " 3)

37.

38.

f (x )
f (x ) !

x
x2 " 1

f (x ) !

3
( x " 1)( x # 5)

36.

f (x )

x "1
x2 " 4

f (x )
f (x ) !

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

6
(x " 6)2

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39.

40.

f (x )
f (x ) !

f (x )

1
(x # 2)2

f (x ) !

64
x 2 # 16

41. The graph is bell-shaped


with a horizontal asymptote
at f(x) ! 0.

#64
64
! #a 2
b,
x " 16
x " 16
#64
graph of f (x) ! 2
x " 16

42. Since
the

would be a reflection of the


graph of f (x) !
the x-axis.
43.
20

Vf !

m1 " 7
m1 # 7

O
8 m1

"16 "8 "4

46. Sample answers:

45. about #0.83 m/s

f(x) !
f (x) !
f (x) !
47.

P (x ) !
"12

"8

over

44. m1 ! #7; 7; #5

Vf

12

64
x " 16
2

x"2
,
(x " 2)(x # 3)
2(x " 2)
,
(x " 2)(x # 3)
5(x " 2)
(x " 2)(x # 3)

48. the part in the first quadrant

P (x )

6#x
10 #4 x

"4 O

4x

"4
"8

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49. It represents her original freethrow percentage of 60%.

50. y ! 1; This represents 100%,


which she cannot achieve
because she has already
missed 4 free throws.

51. A rational function can be


used to determine how much
each person owes if the cost
of the gift is known and the
number of people sharing the
cost is s. Answers should
include the following.

52. A

100
50

s!0

"100 "50

c!

150
s

50 100 s

"50 c ! 0
"100

Only the portion in the first


quadrant is significant in
the real world because
there cannot be a negative
number of people nor a
negative amount of money
owed for the gift.
53. B
55.

3x # 16
(x " 3)(x # 2)

57. (6, 2); 5

54.

3m " 4
m"n

56.

5(w # 2)
(w " 3) 2

58. (#2, 0); 113

(x " 6)2 # ( y " 2)2! 25


O
O

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

x
x 2 # y 2 # 4x ! 9

255

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59. $65,892

60. #4 % 2i

61. #12, 10

62.

63. 4.5

64. 1.4

65. 20

66. 12

Lesson 9-4

#7 % 3 213
2

Direct, Joint, and Inverse Variation


Pages 495498

1a. inverse
1b. direct

2. Both are examples of direct


variation. For y ! 5x, y
increases as x increases. For
y ! #5x, y decreases as x
increases.

3. Sample answers: wages and


hours worked, total cost and
number of pounds of apples;
distances traveled and
amount of gas remaining in
the tank, distance of an
object and the size it
appears

4. inverse; 20

5. direct; #0.5

6. joint;

7. 24

8. #45

9. #8

1
2

10. P ! 0.43d

11. 25.8 psi

12. about 150 ft

13.

14. direct; 1.5

Depth(ft) Pressure(psi)
0
0
1
0.43
2
0.86
3
1.29
4
1.72

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P
P ! 0.43d
O

15. joint; 5

16. inverse; #18

17. direct; 3

18. inverse; 12

19. direct; #7

20. joint;

21. inverse; 2.5

22. V !

23. V ! kt

24. directly; 2)

25. 118.5 km

26. 60

27. 20

28. 216

29. 64

30. 25

31. 4

32. 1.25

33. 9.6

34. #12.6

35. 0.83

36. 2

37.

1
3

k
p

1
4

1
6

38. 30 mph

39. 100.8 cm3

40. See students work.

41. m ! 20sd

42. joint

43. 1860 lb

44. / !15md

45. joint

46. See students work.

47. I !

k
d2

48.

I ! 162
d

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0.02P1P2

49. The sound will be heard as


4
intensely.

50. 0.02; C !

51. about 127,572 calls

52. about 601 mi

53. no; d * 0

54. Sample answer: If the average


student spends $2.50 for lunch
in the school cafeteria, write
an equation to represent the
amount s students will spend
for lunch in d days. How much
will 30 students spend in a
week? a ! 2.50sd; $375

55. A direct variation can be


used to determine the total
cost when the cost per unit
is known. Answers should
include the following.
Since the total cost T is
the cost per unit u times
the number of units n or
C ! un, the relationship is
a direct variation. In this
equation u is the constant
of variation.
Sample answer: The school
store sells pencils for 20
each. John wants to buy
5 pencils. What is the total
cost of the pencils? ($1.00)

56. D

57. C

58. asymptote: x ! 1; hole


x ! #1

59. asymptotes: x ! #4, x ! 3

60. hole: x ! #3
t 2 # 2t # 2
(t " 2)(t # 2)

61.

x
y#x

62.

63.

m (m " 1)
m"5

64. 9.3 & 107

65. 0.4; 1.2

66. 3; 7

3
5

67. # ; 3

68. C

69. A

70. S

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

d2

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71. P

72. A

73. C

Chapter 9
Practice Quiz 2
Page 498
1.

2.

f (x )

f (x )
O

1
f (x ) ! xx "
"4

f (x ) !

3. 49

"2
x " 6x # 9
2

4. 4.4

5. 112

Lesson 9-5 Classes of Functions


Pages 501504
1. Sample answer:

2. constant (y ! 1),
direct variation (y ! 2x),
identity (y ! x)

This graph is a rational


function. It has an asymptote
at x ! #1.
3. The equation is a greatest
integer function. The graph
looks like a series of steps.

4. greatest integer

5. inverse variation or rational

6. constant

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7. c

8. b

9. identity or direct variation

10. quadratic

y ! "x 2 # 2

y!x
x

12. A ! )r 2; quadratic; the


graph is a parabola

11. absolute value


y

y! x#2

13. absolute value

14. square root

15. rational

16. direct variation

17. quadratic

18. constant

19. b

20. e

21. g

22. a

23. constant

24. direct variation


y

y ! 2.5x
x

y ! "1.5

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25. square root

26. inverse variation or rational

y
y ! 4x

y ! !9x

AA

27. rational

C A BLACK

28. greatest integer

2
y!x "1

x"1

y ! 3[x ]

29. absolute value

30. quadratic
y

y ! 2x
O

y ! 2x 2
x

31. C ! 4.5 m

32. direct variation

33. a line slanting to the right and


passing through the origin

34. similar to a parabola

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35.

36. The graph is similar to the


graph of the greatest integer
function because both graphs
look like a series of steps. In
the graph of the postage
rates, the solid dots are on
the right and the circles are
on the left. However, in the
greatest integer function, the
circles are on the right and
the solid dots are on the left.

Cost (cents)

160
120
80
40
0

x
2

4
6
Ounces

10

37a. absolute value


37b. quadratic
37c. greatest integer
37d. square root

38. A graph of the function that


relates a persons weight on
Earth with his or her weight
on a different planet can be
used to determine a persons
weight on the other planet by
finding the point on the
graph that corresponds with
the weight on Earth and
determining the value on the
other planets axis. Answers
should include the following.
The graph comparing
weight on Earth and Mars
represents a direct variation
function because it is a
straight line passing through
the origin and is neither
horizontal nor vertical.
The equation V ! 0.9E
compares a persons
weight on Earth with his or
her weight on Venus.
V

Venus

80
60
40
20
0

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

262

E
20

40 60
Earth

80

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39. C

40. D

41. 22

42.

f (x )
3
f (x ) ! x #
2

43.

44.

f (x )

f (x )
2
f (x ) ! x " 5x # 4

x"4

f (x ) ! (

8
x " 1)(x # 3)

46. a#3 , 1b ; a#2 , 1b;

45. (8, #1); a8, # b ; x ! 8;


y!
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
"2
"2

7
8
1
1
#1 ; up;
8
2

1
4

y ! 1; x

unit

1
4
1
! #4 ;
4

right; 4 units

x ! 4 y2 " 2 y " 3
1(
y # 1) ! (x " 8)2
2

O
2 4 6

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10 12

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47.

48. c

(5, #4); a5 , #4b ; y ! #4;


3
4

1
4

#25
23 #54
d
66 #26
57

x ! 4 ; right; 3 units
y
O

3x " y 2 ! 8y # 31

49. impossible

50. (7, #5)

51. a , 2b

52. (2, #2)

53. 1

54. 12

1
3

17
6

55. #

56. 60a3b 2c 2

57. 45x 3y 3

58. 15(d # 2)

59. 3(x # y)(x " y)

60. (a # 3)(a " 1)(a " 2)

61. (t # 5)(t " 6)(2t " 1)

Lesson 9-6

Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities


Pages 509511

1. Sample answer:
1
5

"

2
a"2

2. 2(x " 4); #4

!1

3. Jeff; when Dustin multiplied


by 3a, he forgot to multiply
the 2 by 3a.

4. 3

5. 2, 6

6.

7. #6, #2

8. #2 ( c ( 2

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2
3

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2
9

1
6

10. 2 h

9. v ( 0 or v ' 1

4
3

11. 2

12. #

13. #6, 1

14. #3, 2

15. #1 ( a ( 0

16. #1 ( m ( 1

17. 11

18. 3

19. t ( 0 or t ' 3

20. 0 ( b ( 1

21. 0 ( y ( 2

22. p ( 0 or p ' 2

23. 14

24.

25. $

26. $

27. 7

28.

7
3

30.

1 % 2145
4

29.

#3 % 3 22
2

3
2

31. 32

32. 2 or 4

33. band, 80 members; chorale,


50 members

34. 4.8 cm/g

35. 24 cm

36. 15 km/h

37. 5 mL

38. 5

39. 6.15

40.

41. If something has a general


fee and cost per unit, rational
equations can be used to
determine how many units a
person must buy in order for
the actual unit price to be a
given number. Answers
should include the following.

42. B

To solve

500 " 5x
x

1
2

b
bc " 1

! 6,

multiply each side of the


equation by x to eliminate
the rational expression.
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Then subtract 5x from each


side. Therefore, 500 ! x.
A person would need to
make 500 minutes of long
distance calls to make
the actual unit price 6.
Since the cost is 5 per
minute plus $5.00 per
month, the actual cost per
minute could never be 5
or less.
44. quadratic

43. C

y ! 2x 2 # 1
x

46. direct variation

45. square root

y ! 0.8x

y ! 2!x
O

47. 36

48. 33.75

49. 22130

50. 225

52. 5x 0 x ( #11 or x ' 36

51. 2137
53. 5x 0 0 + x + 46

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

54. e b ` #1 ( b ( 2 f
1
2

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Chapter 10 Esponential and Logarithmic Relations


Lesson 10-1 Exponential Functions
Pages 527530
2a.
2b.
2c.
2d.

1. Sample answer: 0.8

quadratic
exponential
linear
exponential

4. a

3. c

6. D ! {x 0 x is all real numbers.},


R ! {y 0 y " 0}

5. b

y ! 3(4)x

7. D ! {x 0 x is all real numbers.},


R ! {y 0 y " 0}

8. growth

( 13 )x

y!2

10. growth

9. decay
1 x
2

11. y ! 3a b

12. y ! %18132 x

13. 2227 or 427

14. a4$

15. 3322 or 2722

16. %9

17. x # 0

18. 2

19. y ! 65,000(6.20)x

20. 22,890,495,000

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21. D ! {x 0 x is all real numbers.},


R ! {y 0 y " 0}

22. D ! {x 0 x is all real numbers.},


R ! {y 0 y " 0}

y ! 5(2)x
y ! 2(3)x
x

23. D ! {x 0 x is all real numbers.},


R ! {y 0 y " 0}

24. D ! {x 0 x is all real numbers.},


R ! {y 0 y " 0}

( 13 )

y!4

)x

y ! 0.5(4

25. D ! {x 0 x is all real numbers.},


R ! {y 0 y & 0}

26. D ! {x 0 x is all real numbers.},


R ! {y 0 y & 0}

x
O

y ! "2.5(5)x
y!"

( 15 )x

27. growth

28. growth

29. decay

30. growth

31. decay

32. decay
1 x
4

33. y ! %2 a b

34. y ! 3(5)x

35. y ! 7(3)x

36. y ! %5 a b

37. y ! 0.2(4)x

38. y ! %0.3(2)x

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1 x
3

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39. 54 or 625

40. x115

41. 7412

42. y 2 13

43. n 2'$

44. 25$

45. n ! 5

46.

47. 1

48. n # %2
8
3

2
3

49. %

50. 0

51. n & 3

52.

53. %3

54. p ( %2

55. 10

56. %3, 5

57. y ! 100(6.32)x

58. about 1,008,290

59. y ! 3.93(1.35)x

60. 9.67 million; 17.62 million;


32.12 million; These answers
are in close agreement with
the actual populations in
those years.

61. 2144.97 million; 281.42


million; No, the growth rate
has slowed considerably.
The population in 2000 was
much smaller than the
equation predicts it would be.

62. Exponential; the base, 1 ' ,


n
is fixed, but the exponent, nt,
is variable since the time t
can vary.

63. A(t ) ! 1000(1.01)4t


65. s . 4x

64. $2216.72

67. Sometimes; true when b " 1,


but false when b & 1.

68. The number of teams y that


could compete in a
tournament with x rounds
can be expressed as y ! 2x.
The 2 teams that make it to
the final round got there as a
result of winning games
played with 2 other teams,
for a total of 2 ) 2 ! 22 or 4
games played in the previous
rounds. Answers should
include the following.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

5
3

66. 1.5 three-year periods or 4.5 yr

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Rewrite 128 as a power of


2, 27. Substitute 27 for y in
the equation y ! 2x. Then,
using the Property of
Equality for Exponents, x
must be 7. Therefore, 128
teams would need to play
7 rounds of tournament
play.
Sample answer: 52 would
be an inappropriate
number of teams to play in
this type of tournament
because 52 is not a power
of 2.
69. A

70. 780.25

71.

72.

["5, 5] scl: 1 by ["1, 9] scl: 1

["5, 5] scl: 1 by ["1, 9] scl: 1

The graphs have the same


shape. The graph of
y ! 3x'1 is the graph of
y ! 3x translated one unit to
the left. The asymptote for
the graph of y ! 3x and for
y ! 3x'1 is the line y ! 0.
The graphs have the same
domain, all real numbers,
and range, y " 0. The
y-intercept of the graph of
y ! 3x is 1 and for the graph
of y ! 3x'1 is 3.

The graphs have the same


shape. The graph of
y ! 2x ' 3 is the graph of
y ! 2x translated three units
up. The asymptote for the
graph of y ! 2x is the line
y ! 0 and for y ! 2x ' 3 is
the line y ! 3. The graphs
have the same domain, all
real numbers, but the range
of y ! 2x is y " 0 and the
range of y ! 2x ' 3 is y " 3.
The y-intercept of the graph
of y ! 2x is 1 and for the
graph of y ! 2x ' 3 is 4.

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73.

74.

["5, 5] scl: 1 by ["1, 9] scl: 1

["5, 5] scl: 1 by ["3, 7] scl: 1

The graphs have the same


shape. The graph of

The graphs have the same


shape. The graph of
y!

1 x%2
a b
5

1
4

1
4

y ! a b %1 is the graph of

is the graph of

y ! a b translated two units

y ! a b translated one

to the right. The asymptote

unit down. The asymptote

1
5

1
5

1
5

x%2

for y ! a b

for the graph of y ! a b is


the line y ! 0 and

is the line

for the graph of y !

y ! 0. The graphs have the


same domain, all real
numbers, and range, y " 0.
The y-intercept of the graph
of y !

1 x
a b
5

graph of y !

1 x
a b
4

%1

is the line y ! %1. The


graphs have the same
domain, all real numbers,
but the range of y !

is 1 and for the


1 x%2
a b
5

1
4

for the graph of y ! a b and

1 x
a b
4
1
4

is y " 0 and of y ! a b % 1

is 25.

is y " %1. The y-intercept


1
4

of the graph of y ! a b is 1
and for the graph of
y!
75. For h " 0, the graph of
y ! 2x is translated 0 h 0 units
to the right. For h & 0, the
graph of y ! 2x is translated
|h| units to the left. For k "
0, the graph of y ! 2x is
translated 0k 0 units up. For
k & 0, the graph of y ! 2x is
translated 0k 0 units down.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1 x
a b
4

% 1 is 0.

76. 1, 15

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13
3

77. 1, 6

78. % , 3

79. 0 & x & 3 or x " 6

80. square root

81. greatest integer

82. constant
y
y!8

83. B

1 0
R
0 1

85.

3
1
B
51 11

84. does not exist


%6
R
%5

86. about 23.94 cm


88. g [h(x)] ! x 2 ' 6x ' 9;
h [g(x)] ! x 2 ' 3

87. g [h(x)] ! 2x % 6;
h [g(x)] ! 2x % 11
89. g [h(x)] ! %2x % 2;
h [g(x)] ! %2x ' 11

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Logarithms and Logarithmic Functions


Pages 535538

1. Sample answer: x ! 5y and


y ! log5 x

2. They are inverses.

3. Scott; the value of a


logarithmic equation, 9, is
the exponent of the
equivalent exponential
equation, and the base of
the logarithmic expression, 3,
is the base of the exponential
equation. Thus x ! 39 or
19,683.

4. log5 625 ! 4

5. log7

1
49

6. 34 ! 81

! %2

8. 4

7. 362 ! 6
9. %3

10. 21

11. %1

12. 27

13. 1000

14.

15.

1
,
2

1
2

#x#5

16. x " 6

17. 3

18. 1013

19. 107.5

20. 105.5 or about 316,228 times

21. log8 512 ! 3

22. log3 27 ! 3

23. log5

1
125

24. log 31 9 ! %2

! %3

25. log100 10 !

1
2

26. log2401 7 !
28. 132 ! 169

27. 53 ! 125
29. 4%1 !

1
4

30. 100%2 !
1 %2
5

31. 83 ! 4

32. a b

33. 4

34. 2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1
4

273

1
10

! 25

Algebra 2

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1
2

36.

5
2

37. %5

38. %4

39. 7

40. 45

41. n % 5

42. 3x ' 2

43. %3

44. 2x

45. 1018.8

46. 1010.67

47. 81

48. c " 256

49. 0 & y # 8

50. 125

51. 7

52. 0 & p & 1

53. x ( 24

54. *3

55. 4

56. 11

57. 2

58. 25

59. 5

60. y ( 3

61. a " 3

62. *8
?

63. log5 25 ! 2 log5 5


2 ?

log5 5 ! 2 log5 5
?

2 ! 2(1)

2 ! 2

64.

Original
equation

log16 2 ! log2 16 ! 1

25 ! 5
and 5 ! 51

log16 164 ! log2 24 ! 1

Inverse
Prop. of
Exp. and
Logarithms
Simplify.

1
(4)
4

Original
equation
1

2 ! 164
and 16 ! 24

! 1 Inverse Prop.
of Exp. and
Logarithms

1 ! 1

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66a.

65.
?

log7 [log3 (log2 8)] ! 0

Original
equation

log7 [log3 (log2 23)] ! 0

y!

8 ! 23

log7 (log3 3) ! 0

log7 (log3 31) ! 0


?

y ! log 1 x
2

66b. The graphs are reflections of


each other over the line
y ! x.

3 ! 31

log7 1 ! 0

( 12 )

Inverse
Prop. of
Exp. and
Logarithms

Inverse
Prop. of
Exp. and
Logarithms

log7 70 ! 0
0 ! 0

1 ! 70
Inverse
Prop. of
Exp. and
Logarithms

68. 103 or 1000 times as great

67a.
y

y ! log2(x # 2)

y ! log2x # 3
y ! log2(x " 1)
O

y ! log2x " 4

67b. The graph of y ! log2 x ' 3


is the graph of y ! log2 x
translated 3 units up. The graph
of y ! log2 x % 4 is the graph
of y ! log2 x translated 4 units
down. The graph of log2 (x % 1)
is the graph of y ! log2 x
translated 1 unit to the right.
The graph of log2 (x ' 2) is
the graph of y ! log2 x
translated 2 units to the left.
69. 101.4 or about 25 times as great
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

70. 101.7 or about 50 times


275

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71. 2 and 3; Sample answer: 5


is between 22 and 23.

72. All powers of 1 are 1, so the


inverse of y ! 1x is not a
function.

73. A logarithmic scale illustrates


that values next to each other
vary by a factor of 10. Answers
should include the following.
Pin drop: 1 , 100;
Whisper: 1 , 102; Normal
conversation: 1 , 106;
Kitchen noise: 1 , 1010;
Jet engine: 1 , 1012

74. B

Pin
drop

Whisper
(4 feet)

Normal
conversation

2 $ 10 11

4 $ 10 11

Kitchen
noise

6 $ 10 11

Jet
engine

8 $ 10 11 1 $ 10 12

On the scale shown above,


the sound of a pin drop and
the sound of normal
conversation appear not to
differ by much at all, when in
fact they do differ in terms of
the loudness we perceive.
The first scale shows this
difference more clearly.
75. D

76. x 216

77. b12

78. +

79. %3,

7
3

14
5

80. *

81.

5 * 273
4

82.

83.

6x % 58
(x % 3)(x ' 3)(x ' 7)

84. $2400, CD; $1600, savings

43
30y

85. x10

86. y 24

87. 8a6b 3

88. an6

89.

x3
y 2z 3

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

90. 1

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Chapter 10
Practice Quiz 1
Page538
1. growth

2. y ! 2(4)x

3. log4 4096 ! 6

4. 92 ! 27

5.

4
3

6. 15

7.

3
5

8. n # %1

9. x " 26

10. 3

Lesson 10-3

Properties of Logarithms
Pages 544546

1. properties of exponents

2. Sample answer:
2log3 x ' log3 5; log3 5x 2

3. Umeko; Clemente incorrectly


applied the product and
quotient properties of
logarithms.
log7 6 ' log7 3 ! log7 (6 ) 3)
or log7 18 Product Property of

4. 1.1402

Logarithms

log7 18 % log7 2 !
log7 (18 - 2) or log7 9
Quotient Prop. of
Logarithms

5. 2.6310

6. %0.3690

7. 6

8. 2

9. 3

10. 4

11. pH ! 6.1 ' log10

B
C

12. 20:1

13. 1.3652

14. 1.2921

15. %0.2519

16. 0.2519

17. 2.4307

18. 2.1133

19. %0.4307

20. 0.0655

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21. 2

22. 3

23. 4

24. %2

25. 14

26. 12

27. 2

28. *4

29. +

30. 6

31. 10

32. 12

33.

x3
4

34.

35. False; log2 (22 ' 23) ! log2 12,


log2 22 ' log2 23 ! 2 ' 3 or 5,
and log2 12 Z 5, since 25 Z 12.

1
1x
2

% 12

36.
?
n logb x ' m logb x !
(n ' m)logb x
?
logb x n ' logb x m !
(n ' m)logb x

Power Prop. of Logarithms


?

logb (x n ! x m) ! (n ' m)logb x


Product Prop. of Logarithms
?

logb (x n'm) ! (n ' m)logb x


Product of Powers Prop.

(n ' m)logb x ! (n ' m)logb


Power Prop. of Logarithms

C2
C1

37. 2

38. E ! 1.4 log

39. about 0.4214 kilocalories per


gram

40. about 0.8429 kilocalories per


gram

41. 3

42. 3

43. About 95 decibels;


L ! 10 log10 R, where L is the
loudness of the sound in
decibels and R is the relative
intensity of the sound. Since
the crowd increased by a
factor of 3, we assume that
the intensity also increases by
a factor of 3. Thus, we need
to find the loudness of 3R.

44. 5

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L ! 10 log10 3R
L ! 10 (log10 3 ' log10 R )
L ! 10 log103 ' 10 log10 R
L ! 10(0.4771) ' 90
L ! 4.771 ' 90 or about 95
45. 7.5

46. about 22

47. Let b x ! m and b y ! n. Then


logb m ! x and logb n ! y.

48. Since logarithms are


exponents, the properties of
logarithms are similar to the
properties of exponents. The
Product Property states that
to multiply two powers that
have the same base, add the
exponents. Similarly, the
logarithm of a product is the
sum of the logarithms of its
factors. The Quotient Property
states that to divide two
powers that have the same
base, subtract their
exponents. Similarly, the
logarithm of a quotient is the
difference of the logarithms of
the numerator and the
denominator. The Power
Property states that to find
the power of a power, multiply
the exponents. Similarly, the
logarithm of a power is the
product of the logarithm and
the exponent. Answers should
include the following.
Quotient Property:

bx
by

b x%y !

m
n
m
n

Quotient Prop.

m
Prop. of
n Equality for
Logarithmic
Equations
m
logb Inverse
n Prop. of

logb b x %y ! logb

x%y!

Exp. and
Logarithms

logb m % logb n ! logb

m
Replace x
n with log m
b
and y with
logbn.

log2

32
a b
8

! log2

25
a 3b
2

! log2 2(5%3)
! 5 % 3 or 2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

279

Replace 32
with 25 and 8
with 23.
Quotient of
Powers
Inverse Prop.
of Exp. and
Logarithms

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log2 32 % log2 8 ! log2 25 % log2 23

Replace 32 with
25 and 8 with 23.

! 5 % 3 or 2

Inverse Prop. of
Exp. and Logarithms

So, log2 a

32
b
8

! log2 32 % log2 8

Power Property:
log3 94 ! log3 (32)4

Replace 9 with 32.

! log3 3(2!4)
! 2 ! 4 or 8

Power of a Power
Inverse Prop.
of Exp. and
Logarithms

4 log3 9 ! (log3 9) ! 4

Comm (,)

! (log3 32) ! 4
! 2 ! 4 or 8

Replace 9
with 32.
Inverse Prop.
of Exp. and
Logarithms

So, log3 94 ! 4 log3 9.


The Product of Powers
Property and Product
Property of Logarithms
both involve the addition of
exponents, since
logarithms are exponents.
50. Let b x ! m, then logb m ! x.
(b x)p ! m p
b xp ! m p Product of Powers
logb b xp ! logb m p Prop. of Equality

49. A

for Logarithmic
Equations

xp ! logb m p

Inverse Prop.
of Exp. and
Logarithms

plogb m ! logb m p

Replace x
with logb m.

51. 4

52. %3

53. 2x

54. 6

55. %8

56. d & 4

57. odd; 3

58. even; 4

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59.

3b
a

60. 2

61.

5
3x

62. 3.06 s
64. 5

63. 1
65. x "

3
4

5
3

66. % & x & 2

Lesson 10-4 Common Logarithms


Pages 549551
1. 10; common logarithms

2. Sample answer:
5x ! 2; x ! 0.4307

3. A calculator is not
programmed to find base
2 logarithms.

4. 0.6021

5. 1.3617

6. %0.3010

8. {n 0 n " 0.4907}

7. 1.7325
9. 4.9824

10. *1.1615

12. {p 0 p # 4.8188}

11. 11.5665
13.

log 5
;
log 7

0.8271

14.

15.

log 9
;
log 2

3.1699

16. at most 0.00003 mole per


liter

log 42
;
log 3

3.4022

17. 0.6990

18. 1.0792

19. 0.8573

20. 0.3617

21. %0.0969

22. %1.5229

23. 11

24. 2.2

25. 2.1

26. 3.5

27. {x 0 x ( 2.0860}

28. 2.4550

29. {a 0 a & 1.1590}

30. 0.5537

31. 0.4341

32. 4.8362

33. 4.7820

34. 8.0086

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36. *2.6281

35. *1.1909

37. {n 0 n " %1.0178}

38. 1.0890

40. {p 0 p # 1.9803}

39. 3.7162

42. 4.7095

41. 0.5873

44. 2.7674

43. %7.6377
45.

log 13
log 2

47.

log 3
log 7

49.

2log 1.6
log 4

" 3.7004

" 0.5646
" 0.6781

46.

log 20
log 5

48.

log 8
log 3

50.

0.5 log 5
log 6

" 1.8614

" 1.8928
" 0.4491

51. between 0.000000001 and


0.000001 mole per liter

52. 8

53. Sirius

54. Sirius: 1.45, Vega: 0.58

55. Vega

56a. 3;

1
3
3 2
56b. ;
2 3

56c. conjecture: loga b !


proof:
?

1
log b a

1
logb a
1
logb a

loga b !
logb b
logb a
1
logb a

Original statement
Change of Base
Formula

Inverse Prop. of
Exponents and
Logarithms

58. about 11.64 yr or 11 yr, 8 mo

57. about 3.75 yr or 3 yr 9 mo

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1
;
logba

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59. Comparisons between


substances of different
acidities are more easily
distinguished on a
logarithmic scale. Answers
should include the following.
Sample answer:
Tomatoes: 6.3 , 10%5 mole
per liter
Milk: 3.98 , 10%7 mole per
liter
Eggs: 1.58 , 10%8 mole
per liter
Those measurements
correspond to pH
measurements of 5 and 4,
indicating a weak acid and a
stronger acid. On the
logarithmic scale we can
see the difference in these
acids, whereas on a normal
scale, these hydrogen ion
concentrations would appear
nearly the same. For
someone who has to watch
the acidity of the foods they
eat, this could be the
difference between an
enjoyable meal and heartburn.

60. A

61. C

62. 1.4248

63. 1.6938

64. 1.8416

65. 64

66. z #

67. 62

68. %22

69. (d ' 2)(3d % 4)

70. (7p ' 3)(6q % 5)

71. prime

72. 2x ! 3

73. 32 ! x

74. 53 ! 125

75. log5 45 ! x

76. log7 x ! 3

1
64

77. logb x ! y
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Lesson 10-5

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Base e and Natural Logarithms


Pages 557559

1. the number e

2. e x ! 8

3. Elsu; Colby tried to write


each side as a power of 10.
Since the base of the natural
logarithmic function is e, he
should have written each
side as a power of e;
10ln 4x Z 4x.

4. 403.4288

5. 0.0334

6. 0.1823

7. %2.3026

8. x ! ln 4

9. e0 ! 1

10. 3

11. 5x

12. x " 3.4012

13. 1.0986

14. %0.8047

15. 0 & x & 403.4288

16. 2.4630

17. *90.0171

18. h ! %26200 ln

19. about 15,066 ft

20. 54.5982

21. 148.4132

22. 0.3012

23. 1.6487

24. 1.0986

25. 2.3026

26. 1.6901

27. %3.5066

28. $183.21

29. about 49.5 cm

30. %x ! ln 5

31. 2 ! ln 6x

32. e1 ! e

33. e x ! 5.2

34. 0.2

35. y

36. %4x

37. 45

38. 0.2877

39. %0.6931

40. x & 1.5041

41. x " 0.4700

42. 0.2747

43. 0.5973

44. x ( 0.6438

45. x ( %0.9730

46. 27.2991

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284

P
101.3

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47. 49.4711

48. 1.7183

49. 14.3891

50. 232.9197

51. 45.0086

52. 2, 6

53. 1

54. about 19.8 yr

55. t !

100 ln 2
r

56. 100 ln 2 " 70

57. t !

110
r

58. about 7.33 billion

59. about 55 yr

60. about 32 students

61. about 21 min

62. always;
log x
log y

In x
In y

Original
statement

log x
logx ? log e
! log y
logy
log e

63. The number e is used in the


formula for continuously
compounded interest,
A ! Pe rt. Although no banks
actually pay interest
compounded continually, the
equation is so accurate in
computing the amount of
money for quarterly
compounding or daily
compounding, that it is often
used for this purpose.
Answers should include the
following.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

log x
log y

log x
log e

log x
log y

log x
log y

Change of
Base Formula

log e
log y

Multiply
log x
by the
log e
reciprocal of
log y
.
log e
Simplify.

64. B

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If you know the annual


interest rate r and the
principal P, the value of
the account after t years is
calculated by multiplying P
times e raised to the r
times t power. Use a
calculator to find the value
of e rt.
If you know the value A
you wish the account to
achieve, the principal P,
and the annual interest
rate r, the time t needed to
achieve this value is found
by first taking the natural
logarithm of A minus the
natural logarithm of P.
Then, divide this quantity
by r.
65. 1946, 1981, 2015; It takes
between 34 and 35 years for
the population to double.
67.

log 0.047
log 6

! %1.7065

66.

log 68
log 4

! 3.0437

68.

log 23
log 50

! 0.8015

69. 5

70. 4

71. inverse; 4

72. joint; 1

73. direct; %7

74. x !

75. 3.32

76. 1.54

77. 1.43

78. 323.49

79. 13.43

80. 9.32

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

286

1 2
y
20

%5

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Chapter 10
Practice Quiz 2
Page 559
1.

log 5
;
log 4

2. e 2 ! 3x

1.1610

3. 3

4. x " 5.3219

5. 1.3863

Lesson 10-6

Exponential Growth and Decay


Pages 563565

1. y ! a(1 ' r)t, where r " 0


represents exponential
growth, and r & 0 represents
exponential decay.

2. Take the common logarithm


of each side, use the Power
Property to write log (1 ' r)t
as t log(1 ' r), and then
divide each side by the
quantity log(1 ' r).

3. Sample answer: money in a


bank

4. Decay; the exponent is


negative.

5. about 33.5 watts

6. about 402 days

7. y ! 212,000e0.025t

8. about 349,529 people

9. C

10. $1600

11. at most $108,484.93

12. about 8.1 days

13. No; the bone is only about


21,000 years old, and
dinosaurs died out
63,000,000 years ago.

14. more than 44,000 years ago

15. about 0.0347

16. y ! ae0.0347t

17. $12,565 billion

18. about 2025

19. after the year 2182

20. 4.7%

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1:58 PM

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21. Never; theoretically, the


amount left will always be
half of the previous amount.

22. Answers should include the


following.
Find the absolute value of
the difference between the
price of the car for two
consecutive years. Then
divide this difference by
the price of the car for the
earlier year.
Find 1 minus the rate of
decrease in the value of
the car as a decimal.
Raise this value to the
number of years it has
been since the car was
purchased, and then
multiply by the original
value of the car.

23. about 19.5 yr

24. D

25. ln y ! 3

26. ln 29 ! 4n % 2

27. 4x 2 ! e8

28. 1.5323

29. p " 3.3219

30. 9

31.

0.5 (0.08 p)
6

33.

p
150

'

0.5 (0.08 p)
4

32.

p
60

34. hyperbola

35. ellipse

36. parabola

37. circle

38. 2.06 , 108

39. 8 , 107

40. about 38.8%

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Chapter 11 Sequences and Series


Lesson 11-1 Arithmetic Sequences
Pages 580582
1. The differences between the
terms are not constant.

2. 95

3. Sample answer: 1, !4, !9,


!14, . . .

4. 24, 28, 32, 36

5. !3, !5, !7, !9

6. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17

7. 14, 12, 10, 8, 6

8. 43
10. 79

9. !112
11. 15

12. an " 11n ! 37

13. 56, 68, 80

14. $12,000

15. 30, 37, 44, 51

16. 10, 3, !4, !11

17. 6, 10, 14, 18

18. 1, 4, 7, 10

19.

7
,
3

3,

11 13
,
3 3

20.

12
,
5

8 6
5 5

2, ,

21. 5.5, 5.1, 4.7, 4.3

22. 8.8, 11.3, 13.8, 16.3

23. 2, 15, 28, 41, 54

24. 41, 46, 51, 56, 61

25. 6, 2, !2, !6, !10

26. 12, 9, 6, 3, 0

27.

4
,
3

2 1
3 3

28.

1, , , 0

5
,
8

1,

11 7 17
, ,
8 4 8

29. 28

30. !49

31. 94

32. !175

33. 335

34. 340

35.

26
3

25
2

36. !

37. 27

38. !47

39. 61

40. 173

41. 37.5 in.

42. 304 ft

43. 30th

44. 19th

45. 82nd

46. an " 9n ! 2

47. an " !7n # 25

48. an " !2n ! 1

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49. 13, 17, 21

50. pn " 4n ! 3

51. Yes; it corresponds to


n " 100.

52. 70, 85, 100

53. 4, !2

54. !5, !2, 1, 4

55. 7, 11, 15, 19, 23

56. z " 2y ! x

57. Arithmetic sequences can be


used to model the numbers
of shingles in the rows on a
section of roof. Answers
should include the following.
One additional shingle is
needed in each
successive row.
One method is to
successively add 1 to the
terms of the sequence: a8 "
9 # 1 or 10, a9 " 10 # 1
or 11, a10 " 11 # 1 or 12,
a11 " 12 # 1 or 13, a12 "
13 # 1 or 14, a13 "
14 # 1 or 15, a14 " 15 # 1
or 16, a15 " 16 # 1 or 17.
Another method is to use
the formula for the nth
term:
a15 " 3 # (15 ! 1)1 or 17.

58. B

59. B

60. about 26.7%

61. !0.4055

62. 0.4621

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63. 146.4132

64. 15

65. 2, 5, 8, 11

66. 5, 4, 3, 2

67. 11, 15, 19, 23, 27

Lesson 11-2 Arithmetic Series


Pages 586587
1. In a series, the terms are
added. In a sequence, they
are not.

2. Sample answer: 0 # 1 # 2 #
3#4

3. Sample answer: a (3n # 4)

4. 1300

5. 230

6. 1932

7. 552

8. 800

n"1

9. 260

10. 63

11. 95

12. 11, 20, 29

13. !6, 0, 6

14. 28

15. 344

16. 663

17. 1501

18. 2646

19. !9

20. !88

21. 104

22. 182

23. !714

24. 225

25. 14

26. !

27. 10 rows

28. 8 days

29. 721

30. 735

31. 162

32. !204

33. 108

34. !35

35. !195

36. 510

37. 315,150

38. 24,300

39. 1,001,000

40. 166,833

41. 17, 26, 35

42. !13, !8, !3

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245
6

291

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43. !12, !9, !6

44. 13, 18, 23

45. 265 ft

46. True; for any series, 2a1 #


2a2 # 2a3 # p # 2an "
2(a1 # a2 # a3 # p # an).

47. False; for example, 7 # 10 #


13 # 16 " 46, but 7 # 10 #
13 # 16 # 19 # 22 # 25 #
28 " 140.

48. Arithmetic series can be


used to find the seating
capacity of an amphitheater.
Answers should include the
following.
The sequence represents
the numbers of seats in
the rows. The sum of the
first n terms of the series
is the seating capacity of
the first n rows.
One method is to write out
the terms and add them:
18 # 22 # 26 # 30 # 34 #
38 # 42 # 46 # 50 # 54 "
360. Another method is to
use the formula
n
Sn " [2a1 # (n ! 1)d ]:
S10

2
10
"
2

[2(18) #

(10 ! 1)4] or 360.


49. C

50. C

51. 5555

52. 3649

53. 6683

54. 111

55. !135

56. about 3.82 days


16
3

9
2

58. !

57. !
59.

3 $ 289
2

60. 23

61. 26 221

62. 2 22

63. 16

64. !54

65.

2
27

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Lesson 11-3 Geometric Sequences


Pages 590592
1a. Geometric; the terms have
a common ratio of !2.
1b. Arithmetic; the terms have a
common difference of !3.

2. Sample answer:

3. Marika; Lori divided in the


wrong order when finding r.

4. 67.5, 101.25

5. 2, !4

6. !2, !6, !18, !54, !162

7.

2 4 8
,
3 9 27

1, , ,

15
64

8. 56
10. an " 4 % 2n!1

9. !4
11. 3, 9

12. A

13. 15, 5

14. 192, 256

15. 54, 81

16. 48, 32

17.

20 40
,
27 81

18.

125 625
,
24 48

19. !2.16, 2.592

20. !21.875, 54.6875

21. 2, !6, 18, !54, 162

22. 1, 4, 16, 64, 256

23. 243, 81, 27, 9, 3

24. 576, !288, 144, !72, 36

25.

3
16

26. 2592

27. 729

28. 1024

29. 243

30.

31. 1

32. 192

33. 78,125

34. 2

35. !8748

36.

37. 655.36 lb

38. $46,794.34

39. an "

n!1

5
72

1
4

1
36 a b
3

n!1

40. an " 64 a b

42. an " 4(!3)n !1

41. an " !2(!5)n !1

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1
4

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43. $18, 36, $72

44. $12, 36, $108

45. 16, 8, 4, 2

46. 6, 12, 24, 48

47. 8 days

48. 5 mg

49. False; the sequence 1, 4, 9,


16, p, for example, is
neither arithmetic nor
geometric.

50. False, the sequence 1, 1, 1,


1, p, for example, is
arithmetic (d " 0) and
geometric (r " 1).

51. The heights of the bounces


of a ball and the heights
from which a bouncing ball
falls each form geometric
sequences. Answers should
include the following.
3, 1.8, 1.08, 0.648, 0.3888
The common ratios are the
same, but the first terms
are different. The
sequence of heights from
which the ball falls is the
sequence of heights of the
bounces with the term 3
inserted at the beginning.

52. A

53. C

54. 632.5

55. 203

56. 19, 23

57. !12, !16, !20

58. 5 22 # 3 210 units

59. 127

60.

61.

63
32

61
81

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Chapter 11
Practice Quiz 1
Page 592
11
2

1. 46

2.

3. 187

4. 816

5. 1

Lesson 11-4 Geometric Series


Pages 596598
2. The polynomial is a
geometric series with first
term 1, common ratio x, and
4 terms. The sum is

1. Sample answer:
4#2#1#

1
2

1(1 ! x 4)
x4 ! 1
"
.
1!x
x!1

4. 732

3. Sample answer: The first


term is a1 " 2. Divide the
second term by the first to
find that the common ratio is
r " 6. Therefore, the nth term
of the series is given by
2 ! 6n!1. There are five
terms, so the series can be
written as a 2 ! 6n!1.
5

n"1

5. 39,063

6. 81,915

7. 165

8.

9. 129

10.

11.

1093
9

1330
9
31
4

12. 3

13. 3

14. 93 in. or 7 ft 9 in.

15. 728

16. 765

17. 1111

18. 300

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19. 244

20. 1,328,600

21. 2101

22. 1441

23.

728
3

24.

215
4

25. 1040.984

26. 7.96875

27. 6564

28. !118,096

29. 1,747,625

30. $10,737,418.23

31. 3641

32. 206,668

33.

182
9

5461
16

34. !

35. 2555
37.

36. !364

387
4

38.

58,975
256

39. 3,145,725

40. 86,093,440

41. 243

42. 1024

43. 2

44. 6

45. 80

46. 8

47. about 7.13 in.

48. If the first term and common


ratio of a geometric series
are integers, then all the
terms of the series are
integers. Therefore, the sum
of the series is an integer.

49. If the number of people that


each person sends the joke
to is constant, then the total
number of people who have
seen the joke is the sum of a
geometric series. Answers
should include the following.
The common ratio would
change from 3 to 4.
Increase the number of
days the joke circulates so
that it is inconvenient to
find and add all the terms
of the series.

50. A

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51. C

52. !1,048,575

53. 3.99987793

54. 6.24999936
9

1 3
4 2

27

81

55. $ , , $9

56. !3, ! , ! , !
2
4
8

57. 232

58. 192

59. Drive-In Movie Screens

60. Sample answer using


(1, 826) and (3, 750):
y " !38x # 864

Screens

1000
900
800
700
600
0

1 2 3 4 5
Years Since 1995

61. Sample answer: 294

62. 2

63. 2

64.

65.

2
3

1
4

66. !2

67. 0.6

Lesson 11-5
1. Sample answer:

Infinite Geometric Series


Pages 602604

1
a
a 2b
n"1
&

2. 0.999999 . . . can be written


as the infinite geometric
9
9
9
#
#
#p.
series
10

100

1000

The first term of this series is


9
and the common ratio is
10
9
1
10
, so the sum is
1 or 1.
10
1 ! 10

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3. Beth; the common ratio for


the infinite geometric series
4
3

4. 108

4
3

is ! . Since ` ! ` ' 1, the


series does not have a sum
a
and the formula S " 1
1!r
does not apply.
5. does not exist
7.

6. does not exist

3
4

8.

9. 100
11.

73
99

30
7

10.

5
9

12.

175
999

13. 96 cm

14. 14

15. does not exist

16. 7.5

17. 45

18. 64

19. !16

20. does not exist

21.

54
5

22. 3

23. does not exist

24. 1

25. 1

26. 7.5

27.

2
3

28. 144

29.

3
2

30. 6

31. 2

32. 30 ft

33. 40 # 20 22 # 20 # p

34. 80 # 4022 or about


136.6 cm

35. 900 ft

36. 27, 18, 12

37. 75, 30, 12

38. 24, 16 , 11 , 7

1
5

1
2

7
25

64
125

40.

39. !8, !3 , !1 , !

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11
32

409
512

7
9

Algebra 2

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41.

1
9

42.

4
11

43.

82
99

44.

82
333

45.

427
999

46.

5
11

47.

229
990

48.

S " a1 # a1r # a1r 2 # a1r 3 # p

(!)rS "
a1r # a1r 2 # a1r 3 # a1r 4 # p
S ! rS " a1 # 0 # 0
#0
#0
# p
S(1 ! r )" a1
a1
S"
1!r

49. The total distance that a ball


bounces, both up and down,
can be found by adding the
sums of two infinite
geometric series. Answers
should include the following.
an " a1 ! r n!1, Sn "
a1(1 ! r n)
,
1!r

or S "

50. D

a1
1!r

The total distance the ball


falls is given by the infinite
geometric series 3 #
3(0.6) # 3(0.6)2 # p . The
sum of this series is
3
or 7.5. The total
1 ! 0.6

distance the ball bounces


up is given by the infinite
geometric series 3(0.6) #
3(0.6)2 # 3(0.6)3 # p .
The sum of this series is
3(0.6)
1 ! 0.6

or 4.5. Thus, the


total distance the ball travels
is 7.5 # 4.5 or 12 feet.
52. !182

51. C
53.

8744
81

54. 32.768%
56. !

55. 3
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299

3
2
Algebra 2

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57. x ' 5
59.

!x # 7
(x ! 3)(x # 1)

61. (x ! 2)2 # (y ! 4)2 " 36


1
2

63. ! ,

58.

!2a # 5b
2
a b

60.

3x # 7
(x # 4)(x # 2)

62. (x ! 3)2 # (y # 1)2 " 32

3 7
,
2 2

1
2

1
3

64. ! , ! , 0,

1
2

65. x 2 ! 36 " 0

66. x 2 # 9x # 14 " 0

67. x 2 ! 10x # 24 " 0

68. about !180,724 visitors per


year

69. The number of visitors was


decreasing.

70. 2

71. 3

72. 2

1
2

74. 4

73.

75. !4

Lesson 11-6

Recursion and Special Sequences


Pages 608610

1. an " an!1 # d; an " r ! an!1

2. Sample answer:
an " 2an!1 # an!2

3. Sometimes; if f(x) " x 2 and


x1 " 2, then x2 " 22 or 4, so
x2 ( x1. But, if x1 " 1, then
x2 " 1, so x2 " x1.

4. 12, 9, 6, 3, 0

5. !3, !2, 0, 3, 7

6. 0, !4, 4, !12, 20

7. 1, 2, 5, 14, 41

8. 5, 11, 29

9. 1, 3, !1

10. 3, 11, 123

11. bn " 1.05bn!1 ! 10

12. $1172.41

13. !6, !3, 0, 3, 6

14. 13, 18, 23, 28, 33

15. 2, 1, !1, !4, !8

16. 6, 10, 15, 21, 28

17. 9, 14, 24, 44, 84

18. 4, 6, 12, 30, 84

19. !1, 5, 4, 9, 13

20. 4, !3, 5, !1, 9

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21.

7 7 7 7 7
, , , ,
2 4 6 8 10

22.

3 3 15 25 425
, ,
,
,
4 2 4 2
8

23. 67

24. !2.1

25. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, . . .

26. the Fibonacci sequence

27. $99,921.21,
$99,762.21,
$99,601.29,
$99,438.44,

28. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15

$99,841.95,
$99,681.99,
$99,520.11,
$99,356.28

29. tn " tn!1 # n

30. 20,100

31. 16, 142, 1276

32. 5, 17, 65

33. !7, !16, !43

34. !4, !19, !94

35. !3, 13, 333

36. !1, !1, !1

37.

5 37 1445
,
,
2 2
2

38.

4 10 76
,
,
3 3 3

39. $75.77

40. No; according to the first two


iterates, f(4) " 4. According
to the second and third
iterates, f(4) " 7. Since f(x)
is a function, it cannot have
two values when x " 4.

41. Under certain conditions, the


Fibonacci sequence can be
used to model the number of
shoots on a plant. Answers
should include the following.
The 13th term of the
sequence is 233, so there
are 233 shoots on the plant
during the 13th month.
The Fibonacci sequence is
not arithmetic because the
differences (0, 1, 1, 2, . . .)
of the terms are not
constant. The Fibonacci
sequence is not geometric
because the ratios
3
Q1, 2, , . . .R of the terms

42. D

are not constant.

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44. 27

43. C
1
6

46.

12
5

47. !5208

48.

1093
243

49. 3x # 7 units

50. 120

51. 5040

52. 6

53. 20

54. 126

45.

55. 210

Lesson 11-7 The Binomial Theorem


Pages 615617
1. 1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 8, 1

2. n

3. Sample answer: (5x # y)4

4. 40,320

5. 17,160

6. 66

7. p5 # 5p4q # 10p3q 2 #
10p 2q 3 # 5pq 4 # q 5

8. t 6 # 12t 5 # 60t 4 #

160t 3 # 240t 2 # 192t # 64

9. x 4 ! 12x 3y # 54x 2y 2 !
108xy 3 # 81y 4

10. 56a5b3

11. 1,088,640a6b4

12. 10

13. 362,880

14. 6,227,020,800

15. 72

16. 210

17. 495

18. 2002

19. a 3 ! 3a 2b # 3ab 2 ! b 3

20. m4 # 4m 3n # 6m 2n 2 #
4mn3 # n4

21. r 8 # 8r 7s # 28r 6s 2 #
56r 5s 3 # 70r 4s 4 #
56r 3s 5 # 28r 2s 6 # 8rs 7 # s 8

22. m 5 ! 5m 4a # 10m 3a 2 !
10m 2a 3 # 5ma 4 ! a 5

23. x 5 # 15x 4 # 90x 3 #


270x 2 # 405x # 243

24. a4 ! 8a3 # 24a2 ! 32a # 16

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25. 16b4 ! 32b3x #


24b 2x 2 ! 8bx 3 # x 4

26. 64a6 # 192a5b # 240a4b 2 #


160a3b3 # 60a2b4 #
12ab5 # b6
28. 81x 4 # 216x 3y #
216x 2y 2 # 96xy 3 # 16y 4

27. 243x 5 ! 810x 4y # 1080x 3y 2


! 720x 2y 3 # 240xy 4 ! 32y 5
29.

a5
32

5a4
8

30. 243 # 135m # 30m 2 #

# 5a3 #

10m 3
3

20a2 # 40a # 32

5m 4
27

31. 27x 3 # 54x 2 # 36x # 8 cm3

32. 1, 4, 6, 4, 1

33. 45

34. !126x 4y 5

35. 924x 6y 6

36. 280x 4

37. 5670a4

38. 1,088,640a6b4

39. 145,152x 6y 3

40.

35 4
x
27

42.

12!
7!5!

63
8

41. ! x 5

and

12!
6!6!

m5
243

represent the 6th

and 7th entries in the row for


n " 12 in Pascals triangle.
13!
represents the seventh
7!6!

entry in the row for n " 13.


13!
12!
Since
is below
and
7!6!
7!5!
12!
in Pascals triangle,
6!6!
12!
12!
13!
#
"
.
7!5!
6!6!
7!6!

43. The coefficients in a binomial


expansion give the numbers
of sequences of births
resulting in given numbers of
boys and girls. Answers
should include the following.
(b # g)5 " b5 # 5b4g #
10b 3g 2 # 10b 2g 3 #
5bg 4 # g 5;

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

44. D

303

Algebra 2

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There is one sequence of


births with all 5 boys, five
sequences with 4 boys and
1 girl, ten sequences with
3 boys and 2 girls, ten
sequences with 2 boys and
3 girls, five sequences with
1 boy and 4 girls, and one
sequence with all 5 girls.
The number of sequences
of births that have exactly
k girls in a family of n
children is the coefficient
of bn!kgk in the expansion
of (b # g)n. According to
the Binomial Theorem, this
n!
.
coefficient is
(n ! k)!k!

45. C

46. 7, 5, 3, 1, !1

47. 3, 5, 9, 17, 33

48. 125 cm

49.

log 5
;
log 2

2.3219

50.

51.

log 8
;
log 5

1.2920

52. asymptotes: x " !2, x " !3

1
;
log 3

2.0959

53. asymptotes: x " !4, x " 1

54. hole: x " !3

55. hyperbola

56. parabola

57. yes

58. no

59. True;

61. True;

1(1 # 1)
2

"

12(1 # 1)2
4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1(2)
2

"

60. False;

or 1.

1(4)
4

2(3)
2

(1 # 1)(2 ! 1 # 1)
2

"

or 3.

62. True; 31 ! 1 " 2, which is


even.

or 1.

304

Algebra 2

Chapter 11

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Chapter 11
Practice Quiz 2
Page 617
1. 1,328,600

2. !364

3. 24

4.

5. 1, 5, 13, 29, 61

6. 2, 4, 8, 14, 22

7. 5, !13, 41

8. 243x 5 # 405x 4y # 270x 3y 2 #


90x 2y 3 # 15xy 4 # y 5

9. a6 # 12a5 # 60a4 #
160a3 # 240a 2 # 192a # 64

Lesson 118

25
4

10. 4032a5b4

Proof and Mathematical Induction


Pages 619621

1. Sample answers: formulas


for the sums of powers of the
first n positive integers and
statements that expressions
involving exponents of n are
divisible by certain numbers

2. Mathematical induction is
used to show that a
statement is true. A counter
example is used to show that
a statement is false.

3. Sample answer: 3n ! 1

4. Step 1: When n " 1, the left


side of the given equation is
1(1 # 1)

1. The right side is


or
2
1, so the equation is true for
n " 1.
Step 2: Assume 1 # 2 #
3# p #k"

k(k # 1)
2

for

some positive integer k.


Step 3: 1 # 2 # 3 # p #
k # 1k # 12
"
"
"

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

305

k(k # 1)
# (k # 1)
2
k(k # 1) # 2(k # 1)
2
(k # 1) # (k # 2)
2

Algebra 2

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The last expression is the


right side of the equation to
be proved, where n " k # 1.
Thus, the equation is true for
n " k # 1.
Therefore, 1 # 2 # 3 # p #
n"

n(n # 1)
2

for all

positive integers n.
5. Step 1: When n " 1, the left
side of the given equation is
1
.
2
1
,
2

The right side is 1 !

1
2

6. Step 1: 41 ! 1 " 3, which is


divisible by 3. The statement
is true for n " 1.
Step 2: Assume that 4k ! 1
is divisible by 3 for some
positive integer k. This
means that 4k ! 1 " 3r for
some whole number r.
Step 3: 4k ! 1 " 3r
4k " 3r # 1
4k#1 " 12r # 4
4k#1 ! 1 " 12r # 3
4k#1 ! 1 " 314r # 12
Since r is a whole number,
4r # 1 is a whole number.
Thus, 4k#1 ! 1 is divisible by
3, so the statement is true
for n " k # 1. Therefore,
4n ! 1 is divisible by 3 for all
positive integers n.

or

so the equation is true for

n " 1.
1
1
# 2#
2
2
1
1
1
# p # k " 1! k for some
3
2
2
2

Step 2: Assume

positive integer k.
Step 3:

1
1
# 2#
2
2
1
1
1
# p # k # k#1
3
2
2
2
1
1
" 1 ! k # k#1
2
2
2
1
" 1 ! k#1 # k#1
2
2
1
" 1 ! k#1
2

The last expression is the


right side of the equation to
be proved, where n " k # 1.
Thus, the equation is true for
n " k # 1.
Therefore,
"

1!

1
2n

1
1
1
1
# 2# 3# p# n
2
2
2
2

for all positive

integers n.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

306

Algebra 2

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7. Step 1: 51 # 3 " 8, which is


divisible by 4. The statement
is true for n " 1.
Step 2: Assume that 5k # 3
is divisible by 4 for some
positive integer k. This
means that 5k # 3 " 4r for
some positive integer r.
Step 3: 5k # 3 " 4r
5k " 4r ! 3
5k#1 " 20r ! 15
5k#1 # 3 " 20r ! 12
5k#1 # 3 " 415r ! 32
Since r is a positive integer,
5r ! 3 is a positive integer.
Thus, 5k#1 # 3 is divisible by
4, so the statement is true
for n " k # 1.
Therefore, 5n # 3 is divisible
by 4 for all positive integers n.

8. Sample answer: n " 2

9. Sample answer: n " 3

10. Step 1: After the first guest


has arrived, no handshakes
have taken place.

1(1 ! 1)
2

" 0,

so the formula is correct for


n " 1.
Step 2: Assume that after k
guests have arrived, a total
of

k(k ! 1)
2

handshakes have

take place, for some positive


integer k.
Step 3: When the (k # 1)st
guest arrives, he or she
shakes hands with the k
guests already there, so the
total number of handshakes
that have then taken place is
k(k ! 1)
2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

307

# k.

Algebra 2

Chapter 11

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k(k ! 1)
k(k ! 1) # 2k
#k"
2
2
k [(k ! 1) # 2]
"
2
k (k # 1)
(k # 1)k
or
"
2
2

The last expression is the


formula to be proved, where
n " k # 1. Thus, the formula
is true for n " k # 1.
Therefore, the total number
of handshakes is

for

all positive integers n.


12. Step 1: When n " 1, the left
side of the given equation is

11. Step 1: When n " 1, the left


side of the given equation is
1. The right side is 1[2(1) ! 1]
or 1, so the equation is true
for n " 1.
Step 2: Assume 1 # 5 # 9
# p # (4k ! 3) "
k (2k ! 1) for some positive
integer k.
Step 3: 1 # 5 # 9 # p #
(4k ! 3) # [4(k # 1) ! 3]
" k (2k ! 1) #
[4(k # 1) ! 3]
" 2k 2 ! k # 4k # 4 ! 3
" 2k 2 # 3k # 1
" (k # 1)(2k # 1)
" (k # 1)[2(k # 1) ! 1]
The last expression is the
right side of the equation to
be proved, where n " k # 1.
Thus, the equation is true for
n " k # 1.
Therefore, 1 # 5 # 9 # p #
(4n ! 3) " n(2n ! 1) for all
positive integers n.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

n(n ! 1)
2

1[3(1) # 1]

2. The right side is


2
or 2, so the equation is true
for n " 1.
Step 2: Assume 2 # 5 #
8 # p # (3k ! 1) "

k(3k # 1)
2

for some positive integer k.


Step 3: 2 # 5 # 8 # p #
(3k ! 1) # [3(k # 1) ! 1]
k(3k # 1)
# [3(k # 1) ! 1]
2
k(3k # 1) # 2[3(k # 1) ! 1]
"
2
2
3k # k # 6k # 6 ! 2
"
2

"

3k 2 # 7k # 4
2
(k # 1)(3k # 4)
"
2
(k # 1)[3(k # 1) # 1]
"
2

"

308

Algebra 2

Chapter 11

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The last expression is the


right side of the equation to
be proved, where n " k # 1.
Thus, the equation is true for
n " k # 1.
Therefore, 2 # 5 # 8 # p #
n(3n # 1)

(3n ! 1) "
for all
2
positive integers n.
14. Step 1: When n " 1, the left
side of the given equation is
12 or 1. The right side is

13. Step 1: When n " 1, the left


side of the given equation is
13 or 1. The right side is
12(1 # 1)2
4

1[2(1) ! 1][2(1) # 1]
3

or 1, so the
equation is true for n " 1.
Step 2: Assume 13 # 23 #
33 # p # k 3 "

k 2 1k # 12 2
4

the equation is true for


n " 1.
Step 2: Assume
12 # 32 # 52 # p #(2k ! 1)2 "

for

some positive integer k.


Step 3: 13 # 2 3 # 33 # p #
k 3 # (k # 1)3
"
"
"
"
"
"

k (2k ! 1)(2k # 1)
3

for some

positive integer k.
Step 3:
12 # 32 # 52 # p #
(2k ! 1)2 # [2(k # 1) ! 1]2

k 2(k # 1)2
# (k # 1)3
4
k 2(k # 1)2 # 4(k # 1)3
4
2 2
(k # 1) [k # 4(k # 1)]
4
2 2
(k # 1) (k # 4k # 4)
4
2
(k # 1) (k # 2)2
4
2
(k # 1) [(k # 1) # 1]2
4

"

k(2k ! 1)(2k # 1)
#
3

[2(k # 1) ! 1]2
"
"
"

The last expression is the


right side of the equation to
be proved, where n " k # 1.
Thus, the equation is true for
n " k # 1.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

or 1, so

"
"
"

309

k(2k ! 1)(2k # 1) # 3(2k # 1)2


3
(2k # 1)[k (2k ! 1) # 3(2k # 1)]
3
2
(2k # 1)(2k ! k # 6k # 3)
3
2
(2k # 1)(2k # 5k # 3)
3
(2k # 1)(k # 1)(2k # 3)
3
(k #1)[2(k #1) ! 1][2(k # 1) #1]
3

Algebra 2

Chapter 11

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The last expression is the


right side of the equation to
be proved, where n " k # 1.
Thus, the equation is true for
n " k # 1. Therefore,
12 # 32 # 52 # p #

Therefore, 13 # 23 # 33 # p #
2

n (n # 1)
4

n3 "

for all

positive integers n.

(2n ! 1)2 "

n(2n ! 1)(2n # 1)
3

for all positive integers n.


16. Step 1: When n " 1, the left
side of the given equation is

15. Step 1: When n " 1, the left


side of the given equation is
1
1
. The right side is a1
2
3
1
or , so the equation is
3

p #

"

1
a1
2

3
3
1
! kb for
3

true

or , so the equation is true

1
3k

"
"
"
"
"

1
3

1
32

1
33

The right side is a1 ! b


1
4

for n " 1.
1
1
Step 2: Assume # 2 #

1
43

some

#p #

Step 3:

# p #

1
4k

1
3k # 1

1
4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

"

1
3

b
3k # 1

310

1
43

# p #

1
1
1
kb # k # 1
3
4
4
1
1
1
!
k # k #1
3
3!4
4
4k # 1 ! 4 # 3
3 ! 4k # 1
4k # 1 ! 1
3 ! 4k # 1
1 4k # 1 ! 1
a
b
3
4k # 1

" a1 !

"

1
2

"

1
42

" a1 !
"

k #1

1
1
1
a2 ! kb # k # 1
2
3
3
1
1
1
!
k # k #1
2
2!3
3
3k # 1 ! 3 # 2
2 ! 3k # 1
3k # 1 ! 1
2 ! 3k # 1
1 3k # 1 ! 1
a
b
2
3k # 1

" a1 !

4
4
1
1
1
" a1 ! kb
k
4
3
4

for some positive integer k.

positive integer k.
Step 3:

1
4

1
.
4

1
3

for n " 1.
1
1
1
Step 2: Assume # 2 # 2 #
1
3k

1
3

! b

k # 1b

Algebra 2

Chapter 11

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The last expression is the


right side of the equation to
be proved, where n " k # 1.
Thus, the equation is true for
n " k # 1.
1
1
1
1
Therefore, # 2 # 3 # p # n

The last expression is the


right side of the equation to
be proved, where n " k # 1.
Thus, the equation is true for
n " k # 1.
Therefore,
"

1
a1
2

1
1
1
1
# 2# 3#p# n
3
3
3
3
1
b for all positive
3n

1
3

" a1 !

1
b
4n

for all positive

integers n.

integers n.
17. Step 1: 81 ! 1 " 7, which is
divisible by 7. The statement
is true for n " 1.
Step 2: Assume that 8k ! 1
is divisible by 7 for some
positive integer k. This
means that 8k ! 1 " 7r for
some whole number r.
Step 3: 8k ! 1 " 7r
8k " 7r # 1
8k #1 " 56r # 8
8k#1 ! 1 " 56r # 7
8k #1 ! 1 " 7(8r # 1)
Since r is a whole number,
8r # 1 is a whole number.
Thus, 8k#1 ! 1 is divisible by
7, so the statement is true
for n " k # 1.
Therefore, 8n ! 1 is divisible
by 7 for all positive integers n.

18. Step 1: 91 ! 1 " 8, which is


divisible by 8. The statement
is true for n " 1.
Step 2: Assume that 9k ! 1
is divisible by 8 for some
positive integer k. This
means that 9k ! 1 " 8r for
some whole number r.
Step 3: 9k ! 1 " 8r
9k " 8r # 1
9k#1 " 72r # 9
9k#1 ! 1 " 72r # 8
9k#1 ! 1 " 8(9r # 1)
Since r is a whole number,
9r # 1 is a whole number.
Thus, 9k #1 ! 1 is divisible
by 8, so the statement is true
for n " k # 1.
Therefore, 9n ! 1 is divisible
by 8 for all positive integers n.

19. Step 1: 121 # 10 " 22,


which is divisible by 11. The
statement is true for n " 1.
Step 2: Assume that 12k # 10
is divisible by 11 for some
positive integer k. This
means that 12k # 10 " 11r
for some positive integer r.

20. Step 1: 131 # 11 " 24,


which is divisible by 12. The
statement is true for n " 1.
Step 2: Assume that 13k #11
is divisible by 12 for some
positive integer k. This
means that 13k # 11 " 12r
for some positive integer r.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

311

Algebra 2

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Step 3:
12k # 10 " 11r
12k " 11r ! 10
12k#1 " 132r ! 120
12k#1 # 10 " 132r ! 110
12k#1 # 10 " 11(12r ! 10)
Since r is a positive integer,
12r ! 10 is a positive
integer. Thus, 12k #1 # 10 is
divisible by 11, so the
statement is true for
n " k # 1.
Therefore, 12n # 10 is
divisible by 11 for all positive
integers n.

Step 3:
13k # 11 " 12r
13k " 12r ! 11
13k #1 " 156r ! 143
13k #1 # 11 " 156r ! 132
13k #1 # 11 " 12(13r ! 11)
Since r is a positive integer,
13r ! 11 is a positive
integer. Thus, 13k#1 # 11 is
divisible by 12, so the
statement is true for
n " k # 1.
Therefore, 13n # 11 is
divisible by 12 for all positive
integers n.

21. Step 1: There are 6 bricks in


the top row, and 12 # 5(1) "
6, so the formula is true for
n " 1.
Step 2: Assume that there
are k 2 # 5k bricks in the top
k rows for some positive
integer k.
Step 3: Since each row has
2 more bricks than the one
above, the numbers of bricks
in the rows form an
arithmetic sequence. The
number of bricks in the
(k # 1)st row is
6 # [(k # 1) ! 1](2) or
2k # 6. Then the number of
bricks in the top k # 1 rows
is k 2 # 5k # (2k # 6) or
k 2 # 7k # 6.
k 2 # 7k # 6 " (k # 1)2 #
5(k # 1), which is the
formula to be proved, where
n " k # 1. Thus, the formula
is true for n " k # 1.

22. Step 1: When n " 1, the left


side of the given equation is
1
a1. The right side is a1(1 ! r )

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1!r

or a1, so the equation is true


for n " 1.
Step 2: Assume a1 # a1r #
a1r 2 # p # a1r k!1 "
a1(1 ! r k )
1!r

for some positive

integer k.
Step 3: a1 # a1r #
a1r 2 # p # a1r k!1 # a1r k
"
"
"
"

a1(1 ! r k)
# a1r k
1!r
a1(1 ! r k ) # (1 ! r )a1r k
1!r
k
a1 ! a1r # a1r k ! a1r k # 1
1!r
k
#
a1(1 ! r 1)
1!r

The last expression is the


right side of the equation to
be proved, where n " k # 1.

312

Algebra 2

Chapter 11

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Thus, the equation is true for


n " k # 1.
Therefore, a1 # a1r #
a1r 2 # p # a1r n!1 "

Therefore, the number of


bricks in the top n rows is
n 2 # 5n for all positive
integers n.

a1(1 ! r n )
1!r

for all positive


integers n.
24. Step 1: The figure shows
how to cover a 21 by 21
board, so the statement is
true for n " 1.

23. Step 1: When n " 1, the left


side of the given equation is
1
2

a1. The right side is [2a1 #


(1 ! 1)d ] or a1, so the
equation is true for n " 1.
Step 2: Assume a1#
(a1 # d ) # (a1 # 2d 2 # p #
[a1 # (k ! 1)d ]
"

k
[2a1
2

# (k ! 1)d ] for

k
[2a1
2

# (k ! 1)d ] #

k
[2a1
2

# (k ! 1)d ]

Step 2: Assume that a 2k by


2k board can be covered for
some positive integer k.

some positive integer k.


Step 3: a1 # (a1 # d ) #
(a1 # 2d ) # p # [a1 #
(k ! 1)d ] #
[a1 # (k # 1 ! 1)d ]
"

[a1 # (k # 1 ! 1)d ]
"

# a1 # kd

k [2a1 # (k ! 1)d ] # 2(a1 # kd )


2
2
k ! 2a1 # (k ! k)d # 2a1 # 2kd
"
2
(k # 1)2a1 # (k 2 ! k # 2k)d
"
2
(k # 1)2a1 # k(k # 1)d
"
2
k#1
"
(2a1 # kd )
2
k#1
[2a1 # (k # 1 ! 1)d ]
"
2

"

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Step 3: Divide a 2k#1 by


2k#1 board into four
quadrants. By the inductive
hypothesis, the first quadrant
can be covered. Rotate the
design that covers Quadrant
I 90) clockwise and use it to
cover Quadrant II. Use the
design that covers Quadrant
I to cover Quadrant III.

313

Algebra 2

Chapter 11

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The last expression is the


right side of the formula to
be proved, where n " k # 1.
Thus, the formula is true for
n " k # 1.
Therefore, a1 # (a1 # d ) #
(a1 # 2d ) # p # [a1 #
(n ! 1)d ] "

Rotate the design that covers


Quadrant I 90)
counterclockwise and use it
to cover Quadrant IV. This
leaves three empty squares
near the center of the board,
as shown. Use one more
L-shaped tile to cover these
3 squares. Thus, a 2k#1 by
2k#1 board can be covered.
The statement is true for
n " k # 1.
Therefore, a 2n by 2n
checkerboard with the top
right square missing can be
covered for all positive
integers n.

n
[2a1 #(n ! 1)d ]
2

for all positive integers n.

25. Sample answer: n " 3

26. Sample answer: n " 4

27. Sample answer: n " 2

28. Sample answer: n " 3

29. Sample answer: n " 11

30. Sample answer: n " 41

31. Write 7n as (6 # 1)n. Then


use the Binomial Theorem.
7n ! 1 " (6 # 1)n ! 1

32. An analogy can be made


between mathematical
induction and a ladder with
the positive integers on the
steps. Answers should
include the following.
Showing that the
statement is true for
n " 1 (Step 1).
Assuming that the
statement is true for some
positive integer k and
showing that it is true for
k # 1 (Steps 2 and 3).

" 6n # n ! 6n!1 #

n(n ! 1)
!
2

6n!2 # p # n ! 6 # 1 ! 1
" 6n # n ! 6n!1 #

n(n ! 1)
!
2

6n!2 # p # n ! 6
Since each term in the last
expression is divisible by 6,
the whole expression is
divisible by 6. Thus, 7n ! 1
is divisible by 6.
33. C

34. A

35. x 6 # 6x 5y # 15x 4y 2 #
20x 3y 3 # 15x 2y 4 # 6xy 5 # y 6

36. a7 ! 7a6b # 21a5b 2 !


35a4b3 # 35a3b4 !
21a 2b 5 # 7ab6 ! b7

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37. 256x 8 # 1024x 7y #


1792x 6y 2 # 1792x 5y 3 #
1120x 4y 4 # 448x 3y 5 #
112x 2y 6 # 16xy 7 # y 8

38. 4, 10, 28

39. 2, 14, 782

40. 12 h

41. 0, 1

42. !14

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Chapter 12 Probability and Statistics


Lesson 12-1 The Counting Principle
Pages 634637
1. HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH,
THT, TTH, TTT

2. Sample answer: buying a


shirt that comes in 3 sizes
and 6 colors

3. The available colors for the


car could be different from
those for the truck.

4. independent

5. dependent

6. 30

7. 256

8. 20
10. dependent

9. D
11. independent

12. independent

13. dependent

14. 6

15. 16

16. 6

17. 30

18. 48

19. 1024

20. 240

21. 10,080

22. 151,200

23. 362,880

24. 17

25. 27,216

26. 160

27. 800

28. See students work.

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29. The maximum number of


license plates is a product
with factors of 26s and 10s,
depending on how many
letters are used and how
many digits are used.
Answers should include the
following.

30. A

There are 26 choices for


the first letter, 26 for the
second, and 26 for the
third. There are 10 choices
for the first number, 10 for
the second, and 10 for the
third. By the Fundamental
Counting Principle, there
are 263 ! 103 or 17,576,000
possible license plates.
Replace positions containing
numbers with letters.
31. C

32. 45

33. 20 mi

34. Step 1: When n ! 1, the left


side of the given equation is
4. The right side is

1[3(1) " 5]
2

or 4, so the equation is true


for n ! 1.
Step 2: Assume 4 " 7 " 10
" p " (3k " 1) !

k(3k " 5)
2

for some positive integer k.


Step 3: 4 " 7 " 10 " p "
(3k " 1) " [3(k " 1) " 1]
!
!
!
!

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

317

k(3k " 5)
" [3(k " 1) " 1]
2
k(3k " 5) " 2[3(k " 1) " 1]
2
2
3k " 5k " 6k " 6 " 2
2
2
3k " 11k " 8
2

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!
!

(k " 1)(3k " 8)


2
(k " 1)[3(k " 1) " 5]
2

The last expression is the


right side of the equation to
be proved, where n ! k " 1.
Thus, the equation is true for
n ! k " 1.
Therefore, 4 " 7 " 10 " p
n(3n " 5)

" (3n " 1) !


2
for all positive integers n.
35. 28x 6 y 2

36. 280a3b4

37. 7

38. 5

39.

1
2

40. $1

41. $

x
x " 5y

42. 36 mi

43. #1, #2

44. 0, $2

45. y ! (x $ 3)2 " 2

46. y ! $2(x " 1)2 " 4

1
2

47. y ! $ x 2 " 8

48. 4

49. 3

50. 4
5
R
4
54. y ! $2x $ 2

$1
R
3
53. no inverse exists
51.

1 1
B
7 4

2
3

55. y ! x "

52.

1
3

1 $1
B
6 $2

56. 60

57. 30

58. 840

59. 720

60. 6

61. 15

62. 56

63. 1

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Lesson 12-2

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Permutations and Combinations


Pages 641643

1. Sample answer: There are


six people in a contest. How
many ways can the first,
second, and third prizes be
awarded?

2. C (n, n $ r)
!
!
!

n!
[n $ (n $ r )]!(n $ r )!
n!
r !(n $ r )!
n!
(n $ r )!r !

! C(n, r )
3. Sometimes; the statement is
only true when r ! 1.

4. 60

5. 120

6. 6

7. 6

8. combination; 15
10. permutation; 90,720

9. permutation; 5040
11. 84

12. 56

13. 9
15. 665,280

14. 2520
16. 10

17. 70

18. 792

19. 210

20. 27,720

21. 1260

22. permutation; 5040

23. combination; 28

24. permutation; 2520

25. permutation; 120

26. combination; 220

27. permutation; 3360

28. combination; 45

29. combination; 455

30. 11,880

31. 60

32. 75,287,520

33. 111,540

34. 267,696

35. 80,089,128

36. 528

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38. Permutations and


combinations can be used to
find the number of different
lineups. Answers should
include the following.
There are 9! different
9-person lineups available:
9 choices for the first
player, 8 choices for the
second player, 7 for the
third player, and so on.
So, there are 362,880
different lineups.
There are C(16, 9) ways to
choose 9 players from

37. C (n $ 1,r ) "C (n $ 1, r $ 1)


!

(n $ 1)!
"
(n $ 1 $ r )!r !
(n $ 1)!
[n $ 1 $ (r $ 1)] !(r $ 1)!
(n $ 1)!
"
(n $ r $ 1 )!r !
(n

!
!
!
!

(n
(n
(n
(n

(n $ 1)!
$ r )! (r $ 1)!
(n $ 1)!
n$r
!
"
$ r $ 1)!r ! n $ r
(n $ 1)!
r
!
$ r )!(r $ 1)! r
$ 1)!(n $ r )
(n $ 1)!r
"
(n $ r )!r !
(n $ r )!r !
$ 1)!(n $ r " r )
(n $ r )!r !

16: C (16, 9) !
11,440.

16!
7!9!

or

(n $ 1)!n
(n $ r )!r !
n!
(n $ r )!r !

! C(n, r )
39.

40. A

41. 24

42. 6

43. 120

44. 8

45. 80

46. Sample answer: n ! 3

47. Sample answer: n ! 2

48. $1.0986

49. x % 0.8047

50. 21.0855

51. 20 days
53.

(y $ 4)2
9

"

52.
(x $ 4) 2
4

!1

x2
16

"

y2
9

!1

7 53
2 2

54. $ ;

55. $4; 128

56. {$4, 4}

57. {$2, 5}

58. e $3, f

59. 822

60. 0 x 3 0 y 3 23

1
3

61. 425
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

62. ($1, 3)
320

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4
3

63. (0, 2)

64. $

65. $

6
7

66. 0

67. {$7, 15}

68. &

69.

3
5

70.

1
2

71.

1
5

72.

1
3

Lesson 12-3 Probability


Pages 647650
1. Sample answer: The event
July comes before June has
a probability of 0. The event
June comes before July has
a probability of 1.

2.

3
5

3. There are 6 ! 6 or 36
possible outcomes for the
two dice. Only 1 outcome, 1
and 1, results in a sum of 2,

4.

1
7

6.

4
7

so P(2) ! . There are 2


36
outcomes, 1 and 2 as well as
2 and 1, that result in a sum
2
1
of 3, so P(3) !
or .
36

5.

18

2
7

7. 8:1

8. 1:5

9. 2:7

10.

6
11

11.

10
11

12.

2
7

13.

1
8

14.

3
8

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15.

1
10

16.

21
50

17.

2
25

18.

1
50

19.

6
55

20.

21
55

21.

28
55

22.

14
575

23.

11
115

24.

7
115

25.

6
115

26.

132
575

27.

24
115

28.

6
115

29. 0

30.

1
22,957,480

31. 0.007

32. 0.623

33. 0.109

34. 1:1

35. 3:5

36. 11:1

37. 5:3

38. 4:3

39. 1:4

40. 4:7

41. 3:1

42.

6
7

43.

3
10

44.

5
11

45.

4
9

46.

9
17

47.

1
9

48.

7
16

49.

3
5

50.

1
10

51. 2:23

52. 1:999

53. 1:4

54.

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322

540
1771

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55.

1
20

56.

9
20

57.

9
20

58.

1
20

59.

9
20

60.

9
20

61.

1
120

62.

'$1
'

64. C

63. Probability and odds are


good tools for assessing risk.
Answers should include the
following.
P(struck by lightning) !
1
s
, so
!
s"f

750,000

odds ! 1:(750,000 $ 1) or
1:749,999. P(surviving a
lightning strike) !
s
s"f

3
4

! , so odds !

3:(4 $ 3) or 3 :1.
In this case, success is
being struck by lightning
or surviving the lightning
strike. Failure is not being
struck by lightning or not
surviving the lightning
strike.
1
36

65. D

66. theoretical;

67. experimental; about 0.307

68. experimental;

69. theoretical;

1
17

1
5

70. permutation; 120

71. permutation; 1260

72. combination; 35

73. 16

74. 24

75. direct variation

76. square root

77. (4, 4)

78. (1, 3)

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79.

6
35

80.

3
14

81.

1
4

82.

2
21

83.

9
20

Chapter 12
Practice Quiz 1
Page 650
1. 24

2. 756

3. 18,720

4. 1320

5. 56

6. permutation; 40,320

7. combination; 20,358,520

8.

1
221

10.

8
663

9.

13
102

Lesson 12-4 Multiplying Probabilities


Pages 654657
1. Sample answer: putting on
your socks, and then your
shoes

2. P(A, B, C, and D) !
P(A) ! P(B) ! P(C) ! P(D)

3. Mario; the probabilities of


rolling a 4 and rolling a 2 are

4.

1
36

1
6

both .
5.

1
4

6.

1
17

7.

4
663

8.

7
30

9.

1
4

10.

1
16

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21
220

12. independent;

13.

1
12

14.

1
36

15.

25
36

16.

1
36

17.

1
6

18.

1
6

19.

5
6

20.

1
42

21.

1
49

22.

25
49

23.

10
21

24. 0

25. 0

26.

1
15
1
10

27.

2
15

28.

29.

2
15

30. dependent;

31. independent;

25
81

1
36

3
28

32. independent;

168
4913
1
32

33. dependent;

1
21

34. independent;

35. dependent;

81
2401

36.

1
9

First Spin

Second Spin
R

R
P(R,B) !

B
1
3

"

1
3

or

1
9

Y
R
B
Y
R
B

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325

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First Spin
Blue Yellow Red
1
1
1
3
3
3
Blue
1
3
Second
Spin

BB
1
9

BY
1
9

BR
1
9

Yellow YB
1
1
3
9

YY
1
9

YR
1
9

RY
1
9

RR
1
9

Red
1
3

RB
1
9

38.

1
3

39.

1
9

40.

1
635,013,559,600

41.

19
1,160,054

42.

1
158,753,389,900

43.

6327
20,825

44. a

99 4
b
100
1
1320

45. about 4.87%

46.

47. no

48. no

49. Sample answer: As the


number of trials increases,
the results become more
reliable. However, you
cannot be absolutely certain
that there are no black
marbles in the bag without
looking at all of the marbles.

50. 21

51. Probability can be used to


analyze the chances of a
player making 0, 1, or 2 free
throws when he or she goes
to the foul line to shoot 2
free throws. Answers should
include the following.

52. D

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

326

or about 0.96

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One of the decimals in the


table could be used as the
value of p, the probability
that a player makes a
given free throw. The
probability that a player
misses both free throws is
(1 $ p)(1 $ p) or (1 $ p) 2.
The probability that a
player makes both free
throws is p ! p or p 2.
Since the sum of the
probabilities of all the
possible outcomes is 1, the
probability that a player
makes exactly 1 of the 2
free throws is
1 $ (1 $ p) 2 $ p 2 or
2p (1 $ p).
The result of the first free
throw could affect the
players confidence on the
second free throw. For
example, if the player
makes the first free throw,
the probability of making
the second free throw
might increase. Or, if the
player misses the first free
throw, the probability of
making the second free
throw might decrease.
53. C
55.

3
340

57. 1440 ways

1
204

56.

1
119

58. 6

59. 36

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

54.

60. x 2 $ 4x " 2

327

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62.

61. x, x $ 4

y ! x2 $ x # 2

63.

64.

x
y ! x 2 # 3x

y ! x2 # 4

65. 153

66. $9

69. (1, 2)

70. (13, 9)

67. 0 b 0

68. 5a 4 0 b 3 0

71. ($2, 4)

72.

2
3
5
4

73.

5
6

74.

75.

11
12

76. 1

1
6

5
12

77. 1

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Lesson 12-5 Adding Probabilities


Pages 660663
1. Sample answer: mutually
exclusive events: tossing a
coin and rolling a die;
inclusive events: drawing a 7
and a diamond from a
standard deck of cards

2.

3. The events are not mutually


exclusive, so the chance of
rain is less than 100%.

4.

1
3

French and Algebra

French
150

5.

1
3

6.

1
3

7.

1
2

8.

5
6

9.

2
3

11. inclusive;

4
13

12.

13
16

14.

1
6

15.

25
42

16.

37
42

17.

35
143

18.

105
143

19.

3
143

20.

84
143

21.

38
143

22.

32
39

23. mutually exclusive;

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Algebra
300

10. mutually exclusive;

13. 1

25. inclusive;

400

7
9

24. inclusive;

21
34

1
2

26. mutually exclusive;

329

2
13

4
13

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27.

4
13

28.

2
3

29.

55
221

30.

11
221

31.

188
663

32.

63
221

33.

1
8

34.

1
8

35.

1
4

36.

3
4

37.

1
780

38.

145
156

39.

9
130

40.

1
26

41.

11
780

42.

1
78

43.

3
5

44.

53
108

45.

17
27

46.

17
162

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47. Subtracting P(A and B) from


each side and adding P (A or
B) to each side results in the
equation P (A or B) ! P(A) "
P(B) $ P(A and B). This is
the equation for the
probability of inclusive
events. If A and B are
mutually exclusive, then P (A
and B) ! 0, so the equation
simplifies to P(A or B) !
P(A) " P(B), which is the
equation for the probability of
mutually exclusive events.
Therefore, the equation is
correct in either case.

48. Probability can be used to


estimate the percents of
people who do the same
things before going to bed.
Answers should include the
following.
The events are inclusive
because some people
brush their teeth and set
their alarm. Also, you know
that the events are
inclusive because the sum
of the percents is not
100%.
According to the
information in the text and
the table, P (read book) !
38
and P (brush teeth) !
100
81
. Since the events
100

are inclusive, P (read book


and brush teeth) ! P (read
book) " P (brush teeth) $
P (read book and brush
38
81
"
$
teeth) !
100
1200
59
!
.
2000
100

49. C

100

50. A

51.

1
216

52.

125
216

53.

1
216

54.

1
8

55. 4:1

56. 1:8

57. 2:5

58. 5:3

59. 254

60. 24

61. (#8, $10)

62. (#12, #5)

63. (x " 1)2(x $ 1)(x 2 " 1)

64. min: (0, $5);


max: ($1.33, $3.81)

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65. min: ($0.42, 0.62);


max: ($1.58, 1.38)

66.

(0, 2), (2, 0), (0, $2);


max: f(2, 0) ! 6;
min: f (0, $2) ! $2
67.

68. d ! 12.79t

(1, 3), (1, $1), (3, 3), (3, 5);


max: f(3, 5) ! 23;
min: f (1, $1) ! $3
69. direct variation

70. 323.4, 298, no mode, 143

71. 35.4, 34, no mode, 72

72. 3.6, 3.45, 2.1, 3.6

73. 63.75, 65, 50 and 65, 30

74. 79.83, 89, 89, 57

75. 12.98, 12.9, no mode, 4.7

Lesson 12-6 Statistical Measures


Pages 666670
2. Sample answer: The variance
of the set {0, 1} is 0.25 and
the standard deviation is 0.5.

1. Sample answer:
{10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10}
3. ( !

1
a (xi
B n i!1
n

$ x )2

4. 40, 6.3

5. 8.2, 2.9

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

6. 424.3, 20.6

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7. $7300.50, $5335.25

8. The mean is more


representative for the
southwest central states
because the data for the
Pacific states contains the
most extreme value,
$10,650.

9. 2500, 50

10. 1.6, 1.3

11. 3.1, 1.7

12. 4.8, 2.2

13. 37,691.2, 194.1

14. 569.4, 23.9

15. 82.9, 9.1

16. 43.6, 6.6

17. 114.5, 105, 23

18. The mean and median both


seem to represent the center
of the data.

19. Mean; it is highest.

20. Mode; it is lower and is what


most employees make. It
reflects the most
representative worker.

21. $1047.88, $1049.50, $695

22. Mode; it is the least


expensive price.

23. Mean or median; they are


nearly equal and are more
representative of the prices
than the mode.

24. 2,290,403; 2,150,000;


2,000,000

25. Mode; it is lowest.

26. Mean; it is highest.

27. 19.3

28. 28.9

29. 19.5

30. Washington; see students


work.

31. 59.8, 7.7

32. 64%

33. 100%

34. Different scales are used on


the vertical axes.

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35. Sample answer: The first


graph might be used by a
sales manager to show a
salesperson that he or she
does not deserve a big raise.
It appears that sales are
steady but not increasing fast
enough to warrant a big
raise.

36. Sample answer: The second


graph might be shown by the
company owner to a
prospective buyer of the
company. It looks like there
is a dramatic rise in sales.

37. A: 2.5, 2.5, 0.7, 0.8; B: 2.5,


2.5, 1.1, 1.0

38. The first histogram is lower


in the middle and higher on
the ends, so it represents
data that are more spread
out. Since set B has the
greater standard deviation,
set B corresponds to the first
histogram and set A
corresponds to the second.

39. The statistic(s) that best


represent a set of test scores
depends on the distribution of
the particular set of scores.
Answers should include the
following.
mean, 73.9; median, 76.5;
mode, 94
The mode is not
representative at all
because it is the highest
score. The median is more
representative than the
mean because it is
influenced less than the
mean by the two very low
scores of 34 and 19.

40. A

41. D

42. 3

43. 1.9

44. The mean deviations would


be greater for the greater
standard deviation and lower
for the groups of data that
have the smaller standard
deviation.

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4
13

46. mutually exclusive;

47.

1
169

48.

4
663

49.

13
204

50.

1
16

51. 10, #92; 10, #21062; #

52. $3

53. 17

54. $2

9
5

3
7

56. 1$4, 62

55. 12 cm3

58. (3, 5)

57. (1, 5)
59. 136

60. 340

61. 380

62. 475

63. 396

64. 495

Chapter 12
Practice Quiz 2
Page 670
1.

3
20

2.

1
6

3.

2
9

4.

1
4

5.

1
6

6.

2
3

7.

3
4

8. 6.6, 2.6

9. 23.6, 4.9

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

10. 134.0, 11.6

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Lesson 12-7 The Normal Distribution


Pages 673675
1. Sample answer:

2. The mean of the three


graphs is the same, but the
standard deviations are
different. The first graph has
the least standard deviation,
the standard deviation of the
middle graph is slightly
greater, and the standard
deviation of the last graph is
greatest.

the use of cassettes since


CDs were introduced
3. Since 99% of the data is
within 3 standard deviations
of the mean, 1% of the data
is more than 3 standard
deviations from the mean. By
symmetry, half of this, or
0.5%, is more than 3 standard
deviations above the mean.

4. normally distributed

5. 68%

6. 13.5%

7. 95%

8. 6800

9. 250

10. 1600

11. 81.5%

12. positively skewed

13. normally distributed

14. Negatively skewed; the


histogram is high at the right
and has a tail to the left.

15. 68%

16. 34%

17. 0.5%

18. 16%

19. 50%

20. 50%

21. 95%

22. 50%

23. 815

24. 25

25. 16%

26. 652

27. The mean would increase by


25; the standard deviation
would not change; and the

28. If a large enough group of


athletes is studied, some of
the characteristics may be

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graph would be translated 25


units to the right.

normally distributed; others


may have skewed
distributions. Answers should
include the following.

10

Frequency

8
6
4
2
0

67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Height (in.)

Since the histogram has two


peaks, the data may not be
normally distributed. This
may be due to players who
play certain positions
tending to be of similar large
sizes while players who play
the other positions tend to
be of similar smaller sizes.
29. A

30. D

31. 17.5, 4.2

32. 42.5, 6.5

33.

2
13

34.

35.

4
13

36. $5, 0, 1
38. 1, $1

37. $3, 2, 4
39.

1
,
4

4
13

40.

y
50
#2

#1

2t

#50
#100

y ! 216t 2 # 53

about 45 min
41. 0.76 h

42. 21a 5b 2

43. 56c 5d 3

44. 126x 5y 4

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Lesson 12-8 Binomial Experiments


Pages 678680
1. Sample answer: In a 5-card
hand, what is the probability
that at least 2 cards are
hearts?

2. RRRWW, RRWRW,
RRWWR, RWRRW,
RWRWR, RWWRR,
WRRRW, WRRWR,
WRWRR, WWRRR

3a. Each trial has more than two


possible outcomes.
3b. The number of trials is not
fixed.
3c. The trials are not
independent.

4.

3
8

5.

1
8

6.

7
8

7.

1
28,561

8.

48
28,561

9.

27,648
28,561

10. about 0.05

11. about 0.37

12.

1
16

13.

1
16

14.

3
8

15.

1
4

16.

5
16

17.

11
16

18.

3125
7776

19.

125
3888

20.

625
648

21.

23
648

22.

243
1024

23.

1
1024

24.

15
1024

25.

135
512

26.

459
512

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27.

53
512

28.

105
512

29.

105
512

30.

319
512

31.

319
512

32. about 0.02

33. about 0.44

34.

560
2187

35. about 0.32

36.

1 3 15 5 15 3 1
, , , , , ,
64 32 64 16 64 32 64

37.

1
4

38. C (n, m)p m(1 $ p)n$m


40. 2

39. Getting a right answer and a


wrong answer are the
outcomes of a binomial
experiment. The probability is
far greater that guessing will
result in a low grade than in
a high grade. Answers
should include the following.
Use (r " w)5 !
r 5 " 5r 4w " 10r 3w 2 "
10r 2w 3 " 5rw 4 " w 5 and
the chart on page 676 to
determine the probabilities
of each combination of
right and wrong.
1 5
4

P(5 right): r 5 ! P a b !

1
1024

or about 0.098%; P (4 right,


1 wrong):

15
1024

or about

1.5%; P (3 right, 2 wrong):


1 3 3 2
4
4

10r 2w 3 ! 10 a b a b !

45
512

or about 8.8%; P (3 wrong,


2 right): 10r 2w 3 !
1 2 3 3
4
4

10 a b a b !

135
512

or about

26.4%; P (4 wrong, 1 right):

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4

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3 4
4

405
1024

243
1024

or about

5r w 4 ! 5 a b a b !

or

about 39.6%; P (5 wrong):


3
4

w5 ! a b !
23.7%.
41. B

42. See students work.

43. normal distribution

44. 68%

45. 10

46. 16%

47. Mean; it is highest.

48.

y
x ! #3
x

49.

50.

x$y!4

y
y ! |5x |

x
O

51. 0.1

52. 0.05

53. 0.039

54. 0.027

55. 0.041

56. 0.031

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Lesson 12-9 Sampling and Error


Pages 683685
1. Sample answer: If a sample
is not random, the results of
a survey may not be valid.

2. Sample answer for good


sample: doing a random
telephone poll to rate the
mayors performance; sample
answer for bad sample:
conducting a survey on how
much the average person
reads at a bookstore

3. The margin of sampling error


decreases when the size of
the sample n increases. As n
p (1 $ p)
increases,
decreases.

4. Yes; last digits of social


security numbers are
random.

5. No; these students probably


study more than average.

6. about 9%

7. about 4%

8. about 4%

9. The probability is 0.95 that


the percent of Americans
ages 12 and older who listen
to the radio every day is
between 72% and 82%.

10. about 283

11. No; you would tend to point


toward the middle of the
page.

12. Yes; all seniors would have


the same chance of being
selected.

13. Yes; a wide variety of people


would be called since almost
everyone has a phone.

14. No; freshmen are more likely


than older students to be still
growing, so a sample of
freshmen would not give
representative heights for the
whole school.

15. about 8%

16. about 4%

17. about 4%

18. about 3%

19. about 3%

20. about 2%

21. about 4%

22. about 2%

23. about 3%

24. about 2%

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25. about 2%

26. about 3%

27. about 983

28. 36 or 64

29. A political candidate can use


the statistics from an opinion
poll to analyze his or her
standing and to help plan the
rest of the campaign.
Answers should include the
following.
The candidate could
decide to skip areas where
he or she is way ahead or
way behind, and
concentrate on areas
where the polls indicate
the race is close.
about 3.5%
The margin of error
indicates that with a
probability of 0.95 the
percent of the Florida
population that favored
Bush was between 43.5%
and 50.5%. The margin of
error for Gore was also
about 3.5%, so with
probability 0.95 the percent
that favored Gore was
between 40.5% and 47.5%.
Therefore, it was possible
that the percent of the
Florida population that
favored Bush was less than
the percent that favored
Gore.

30. A

31. C

32.

1
32

5
32

34.

1
2

33.

35. 95%

36. 210

37. 97.5%

38. x $ 2, x $ 3

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342

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Chapter 13 Trigonometry
Lesson 13-1 Right Triangle Trigonometry
Pages 706708
2.

1. Trigonometry is the study of


the relationships between the
angles and sides of a right
triangle.

hypotenuse

adjacent

opposite

8
15
; cos ! ! ;
17
17
8
17
tan ! ! ; csc ! ! ;
15
8
17
15
sec ! ! ; cot ! !
15
8

3. Given only the measures of


the angles of a right triangle,
you cannot find the
measures of its sides.

5. sin ! !

285
;
11

cos ! !

tan ! !

285
;
6

csc ! !

sec ! !

11
;
6

7. cos 23" !

cot ! !

32
;
x

4. sin ! !

6
;
11

5
6

6. sin ! ! ; cos ! !

11 285
;
85

6 285
85

x ! 34.8

tan ! !

5 211
;
11

csc ! ! ;

sec ! !

6 211
;
11

cot ! !

8. tan x " !

9. B ! 45", a ! 6, c ! 8.5

211
;
6

15
;
21

6
5

211
5

x ! 36

10. A ! 34", a ! 8.9, b ! 13.3

11. a ! 16.6, A ! 67", B ! 23"

12. c ! 19.1, A ! 47", B ! 43"

13. 1660 ft

14. B

15. sin ! !

4
;
11

cos ! !

tan ! !

4 2105
; csc
105

sec ! !

112105
;
105

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

2105
;
11

!!

3
5
3
tan ! ! ; csc
4
5
sec ! ! ; cot
4

11
;
4

cot ! !

4
5
5
! ;
3
4
!
3

16. sin ! ! ; cos ! ! ;

2105
4

343

!
!

Algebra 2

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17. sin ! !

27
;
4

cos ! ! ;

tan ! !

27
;
3

csc ! !

3
4

4
3

sec ! ! ; cot ! !

19. sin ! !
tan ! !

18. sin ! !

4 27
;
7

3 27
7

25
2 25
;
; cos ! !
5
5
1
; csc ! ! 25;
2
25
;
2

sec ! !

x
,
10

23. sin 54" !

17.8
,
x

25. cos x " !

15
,
36

27a. sin 30" !


sin 30" !

cos 30"

x ! 22.0

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

sec ! !

2106
;
5

cot ! !

5
9

20. sin ! !

215
;
8

cos ! ! ;

tan ! !

215
;
7

csc ! !

24. tan 17.5" !


26. sin x " !

16
,
22

7
8

Replace opp with


x and hyp with
2x.

x
;
23.7

8 215
;
15

7 215
15

sin 45" !
sin 45" !

1
12

12
2
adj
!
hyp

sin 45" !
28b. cos 45"

Simplify.

344

x ! 7.5

x ! 47

opp
hyp
x
12x

28a. sin 45" !

sine ratio

1
Simplify.
2
adj
cosine ratio
!
hyp
23x Replace adj
with 13x and
!
2x
hyp with 2x.

cos 30" !

2106
;
9

3
x

x ! 65

23
2

csc ! !

9
5

tan ! ! ;

22. cos 60" ! , x ! 6

sin 30" !
27b. cos 30"

5 2106
;
106

sec ! ! ; cot ! !

x ! 5.8

opp
hyp
x
2x

cos ! !

8
7

cot ! ! 2

21. tan 30" !

9 2106
;
106

sine ratio
Replace opp
with x and hyp
with 12x.
Simplify.
Rationalize the
denominator.
cosine ratio

cos 45" !

x
12x

Replace adj
with x and hyp
with 12x.

cos 45" !

1
12

Simplify.

cos 45" !

12
2

Rationalize the
denominator.

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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opp
hyp

sine ratio

sin 60" !

23x
2x

Replace opp
with 13x and
hyp with 2x.

sin 60" !

23
2

Simplify.

27c. sin 60" !

28c. tan 45" !


tan 45" !

opp
adj

tangent ratio

x
x

Replace opp
with x and adj
with x.

tan 45" ! 1

Simplify.

29. B ! 74", a ! 3.9, b ! 13.5

30. A ! 63", a ! 13.7, c ! 15.4

31. B ! 56", b ! 14.8, c ! 17.9

32. A ! 75", a ! 24.1, b ! 6.5

33. A ! 60", a ! 19.1, c ! 22

34. B ! 45", a ! 7, b ! 7

35. A ! 72", b ! 1.3, c ! 4.1

36. B ! 80", a ! 2.6, c ! 15.2

37. A ! 63", B ! 27", a ! 11.5

38. A ! 26", B ! 64", b ! 8.1

39. A ! 49", B ! 41", a ! 8,


c ! 10.6

40. A ! 19", B ! 71", b ! 14.1,


c ! 15

41. about 300 ft

42. about 142.8 ft

43. about 6"

44. about 3.2 in.

45. 93.54 units2

46. about 1.72 km high

47. The sine and cosine ratios of


acute angles of right
triangles each have the
longest measure of the
triangle, the hypotenuse, as
their denominator. A fraction
whose denominator is
greater than its numerator is
less than 1. The tangent ratio
of an acute angle of a right
triangle does not involve the
measure of the hypotenuse,

48. When construction involves


right triangles, including
building ramps, designing
buildings, or surveying land
before building, trigonometry
is likely to be used. Answers
should include the following.
If you view the ramp from
the side then the vertical
rise is opposite the angle
that the ramp makes with
the horizontal. Similarly,
the horizontal run is the
adjacent side. So the
tangent of the angle is the
ratio of the rise to the run
or the slope of the ramp.
Given the ratio of the
slope of ramp, you can
find the angle of inclination
by calculating tan1 of this
ratio.

opp
.
adj

If the measure of the


opposite side is greater than
the measure of the adjacent
side, the tangent ratio is
greater than 1. If the measure
of the opposite side is less
than the measure of the
adjacent side, the tangent
ratio is less than 1.
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345

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49. C

50. 7.7

51. No; band members may be


more likely to like the same
kinds of music.
3
53.
8
15
55.
16
57. {#2, #1, 0, 1, 2}

52. Yes; this sample is random


since different kinds of
people go to the post office.
1
54.
16

59. 20 qt

60. 35,904 ft

61. 12 m2

62. 48 L

Lesson 13-2

56. {$222, 2i 22}


58. {121}

Angles and Angle Measure


Pages 712715

1. reals

2. In a circle of radius r units,


one radian is the measure of
an angle whose rays
intercept an arc length of r
units.

3.

4.

290

70
x

!70

5.

6.

300

570
O

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7.

!45

8.

13%
18

10.

97%
36

%
18

9. #

11. 135"

12. #30"

13. 1140"

14. 420", #300"

15. 785", #295"

16.

17. 21 h

18. 2 h

19.

7%
,
3

5%
3

20.

y
235

y
270

21.

22.

24.

!150

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

380

790

23.

347

!50

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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25.

26.

"
O

O
2"
!
3

27.

2%
3

28.

%
3
5%
4

%
12

29. #

30. #

31.

11%
3

32.

19%
6

33.

79%
90

34.

13%
9

35. 150"

36. 495"

37. #45"

38. #60"

39. 1305"

40. 510"

41.

1620
%

! 515.7"

42.

540
%

! 171.9"

43. Sample answer: 585", #135"

44. Sample answer: 390", #330"

45. Sample answer: 345", #375"

46. Sample answer: 220", #500"

47. Sample answer: 8", #352"

48. Sample answer: 400", #320"

49. Sample answer:

11%
,
4

51. Sample answer:

3%
,
4

53. Sample answer:

13%
,
2

5%
4

50. Sample answer:

19%
,
6

13%
4

52. Sample answer:

4%
,
3

3%
2

54. Sample answer:

25%
,
4

5%
6

8%
3

7%
4

55. 2689" per second; 47 radians


per second

56. 209.4 in2

57. about 188.5 m2

58. number 17

59. about 640.88 in2

60a. a 2 & (#b)2 ! a 2 & b 2 ! 1


60b. b 2 & a 2 ! a 2 & b 2 ! 1
60c. b 2 & (#a)2 ! a 2 & b 2 ! 1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

348

Algebra 2

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61. Student answers should


include the following.
An angle with a measure
of more than 180" gives
an indication of motion in
a circular path that ended
at a point more than
halfway around the circle
from where it started.
Negative angles convey the
same meaning as positive
angles, but in an opposite
direction. The standard
convention is that negative
angles represent rotations
in a clockwise direction.
Rates over 360" per
minute indicate that an
object is rotating or
revolving more than one
revolution per minute.

62. C

63. D

64. a ! 3.4, c ! 6.0, B ! 56"

65. A ! 22", a ! 5.9, c ! 15.9

66. A ! 35", a ! 9.2, b ! 13.1

67. c ! 0.8, A ! 30", B ! 60"

68. about 8.98%

69. about 7.07%

70. permutation, 17,100,720

71. combination, 35

72. [g ! h](x) ! 6x # 8,
[h ! g](x) ! 6x # 4

73. [g ! h](x) ! 4x 2 # 6x & 23,


[h ! g](x) ! 8x 2 & 34x & 44

74. 1041.8

75. 1418.2 or about 1418; the


number of sports radio
stations in 2008

76.

2 23
3

77.

3 25
5

78.

2 26
3

79.

210
2

80.

214
2

81.

210
4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

349

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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Chapter 13
Practice Quiz 1
Page 715
1. A ! 42", a ! 13.3, c ! 17.9

2. A ! 59", B ! 31", b ! 10.8

3.

4. sin ! !

5.

!60

19%
18

6.

10 2149
;
149

cos ! !

7 2149
;
149

tan ! !

10
;
7

sec ! !

2149
;
7

csc ! !

2149
;
10

cot ! !

7
10

5%
2

8. #396"

7. 210"

10.

9. 305"; #415"

5%
;
3

%
3

Lesson 13-3 Trigonometric Functions


of General Angles
Pages 722724
1. False; sec 0" !
tan 0" !

0
r

r
r

or 1 and

2. Sample answer: 190"

or 0.
8
15
, cos ! ! # ,
17
17
8
17
tan ! ! # , csc ! ! ,
15
8
17
15
sec ! ! # , cot ! ! #
15
8

3. To find the value of a


trigonometric function of !,
where ! is greater than 90",
find the value of the
trigonometric function for !',
then use the quadrant in
which the terminal side of !
lies to determine the sign of
the trigonometric function
value of !.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

4. sin ! !

350

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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5. sin ! ! 0, cos ! ! #1,


tan ! ! 0, csc ! ! undefined,
sec ! ! #1, cot ! ! undefined

6. sin ! !

22
,
2

cos ! !

22
,
2

tan ! ! 1, csc ! ! 22,


sec ! ! 22, cot ! ! 1

7. 55"

8.

%
4

y
7"
4

235
O

!'

!'

9. 60"

10. #

23
2

!'
O

!240

11. #1

12. #23

2 23
3

13. #

14. sin ! !
csc ! !

23
,
2

2 23
,
3

cot ! ! #
15. sin ! ! #

26
,
3

cos ! !

23
,
3

tan ! ! #22, cos ! ! #

tan ! ! #23,
sec ! ! #2,

23
3

16. about 12.4 ft

26
,
2

sec ! ! 23
24
,
25
24
tan ! ! ,
7
25
sec ! ! ,
7

17. sin ! !

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

7
,
25
25
csc ! ! ,
24
7
cot ! !
24

25
, cos
5
1
! , csc !
2

18. sin ! !

cos ! !

tan !

sin ! !

351

25
,
5

!!

2 25
,
5

! 25,

cos ! ! 2,

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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19. cos ! !

8 289
,
89

cos ! !

5 289
,
89
8
5

tan ! ! # , csc ! ! #
sec ! !

289
,
5

3
4
5
5
3
5
tan ! ! # , csc ! ! # ,
4
3
5
4
sec ! ! , cot ! ! #
4
3

20. sin ! ! # , cos ! ! ,

289
,
8
5
8

cot ! ! #

22. sin ! ! 0, cos ! ! #1,


tan ! ! 0, csc ! ! undefined,
sec ! ! #1,
cot ! ! undefined

21. sin ! ! #1, cos ! ! 0,


tan ! ! undefined,
csc ! ! #1,
sec ! ! undefined, cot ! ! 0
23. sin ! ! #

22
,
2

cos ! !

22
,
2

tan ! ! #1, csc ! ! #22,


sec ! ! 22, cot ! ! #1
25. 45"

26
,
3

24. sin ! ! #

23
,
3

tan ! ! 22, csc ! ! #

26
,
2

sec ! ! #23, cot ! !

22
2

26. 60"

cos ! ! #

y
240

315
O

27. 30"

!'

O
!'

28. 55"

!'
O

!'

!210

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

352

O
!125

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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29.

%
4

30.

%
6

5"
4

%
7

!'

32.

13"
7

!'

%
3

x
2"
!
3

34. #2
36. #23

37. undefined

38.

1
2

39. 23

40.

22
2

41. undefined

42. 2

23
2

44. #1
46. 6092.5 ft

45. 0.2, 0, #0.2, 0, 0.2, 0, and


#0.2; or about 11.5", 0",
#11.5", 0", 11.5", 0", and
#11.5"
4
3
5
,
3

47. sin ! ! # , tan ! ! # ,

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

!'

23
2

4
5
5
csc ! ! # ,
4
3
cot ! ! #
4

35. #23

43.

33. #

5"
6

!'

31.

sec ! !

48. sin ! !

226
,
26

5 226
,
26

cos ! ! #

csc ! ! 226, sec ! ! #

226
,
5

cot ! ! #5

353

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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2 22
,
3

49. cos ! ! #

tan ! ! #

22
,
4

2 25
,
5

50. sin ! ! #

csc ! ! 3, sec ! ! #

cos ! ! #

25
,
5

tan ! ! 2,

cot ! ! #222

csc ! ! #

25
,
2

sec ! ! #25

3 22
,
4

3 210
,
10

1
5

51. sin ! ! #

52. sin ! ! # , cos ! !

cos ! ! #

210
,
10

tan ! ! 3,

csc ! ! #

210
,
3

cot ! !

tan ! ! #

1
3

26
,
12

2 26
,
5

sec ! !

5 26
,
12

cot ! ! #226

53. about 173.2 ft

54. 45"; 2 ( 45" or 90" yields the


greatest value for sin 2!.

55. 9 meters

56. I, II

57. II

58. III

59. Answers should include the


following.
The cosine of any angle is
x
defined as , where x is
r
the x-coordinate of any
point on the terminal ray
of the angle and r is the
distance from the origin to
that point. This means that
for angles with terminal
sides to the left of the
y-axis, the cosine is
negative, and those with
terminal sides to the right
of the y-axis, the cosine is
positive. Therefore, the
cosine function can be
used to model real-world
data that oscillate between
being positive and
negative.

60. C

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

354

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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If we knew the length of


the cable we could find the
vertical distance from the
top of the tower to the rider.
Then if we knew the height
of the tower we could
subtract from it the vertical
distance calculated
previously. This will leave
the height of the rider from
the ground.
5
2

5 23
b
2

61. a , #

62.

%
2

63. 300"

64.

900"
%

65. sin 28" !


67. sin x " !

x
,
12

5
,
13

! 286.5"

66. cos 43" !

5.6

x
,
83

60.7

68. 635

23

69. (7, 2)

70. (#4, 3)

71. (5, #4)

72. 4.7

73. 15.1

74. 2.7

75. 32.9"

76. 20.6"

77. 39.6"

Lesson 13-4 Law of Sines


Pages 729732
1. Sometimes; only when A is
acute, a ! b sin A, or a ) b
and when A is obtuse, a ) b.

2. Sample answer: A ! 42",


a ! 2.6 cm, b ! 3.2 cm
C
3.2 cm

2.6 cm

3.9 cm

B
C

3.2 cm

0.9 cm

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

355

2.6 cm

B
Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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3. Gabe; the information given


is of two sides and an angle,
but the angle is not between
the two sides, therefore the
area formula involving sine
cannot be used.

4. 57.5 in2

5. 6.4 cm2

6. C ! 30", a ! 2.9, c ! 1.5

7. B ! 80", a ! 32.0, b ! 32.6

8. B ! 20", A ! 20", a ! 20.2


10. two; B ! 42", C ! 108",
c ! 5.7; B ! 138", C ! 12",
c ! 1.2

9. no solution

11. one; B ! 24", C ! 101",


c ! 12.0

12. one; B ! 19", C ! 16",


c ! 8.7

13. 5.5 m

14. 43.1 m2

15. 19.5 yd2

16. 572.8 ft2

17. 62.4 cm2

18. 4.2 m2

19. 14.6 mi2

20. B ! 101", c ! 3.0, b ! 3.4

21. C ! 73", a ! 55.6, b ! 48.2

22. B ! 21", C ! 37", b ! 13.1

23. B ! 47", C ! 68", c ! 5.1

24. C ! 97", a ! 5.5, b ! 14.4

25. A ! 40", B ! 65", b ! 2.8

26. C ! 67", B ! 63", b ! 2.9

27. A ! 20", a ! 22.1, c ! 39.8

28. no

29. one; B ! 36", C ! 45",


c ! 1.8

30. two; B ! 72", C ! 75",


c ! 3.5; B ! 108", C ! 39",
c ! 2.3

31. no

32. one; B ! 90", C ! 60",


c ! 24.2

33. one; B ! 18", C ! 101",


c ! 25.8

34. two; B ! 56", C ! 72",


c ! 229.3; B ! 124",
C ! 4", c ! 16.8

35. two; B ! 85", C ! 15",


c ! 2.4; B ! 95", C ! 5",
c ! 0.8

36. one; B ! 23", C ! 129",


c ! 14.1

37. two; B ! 65", C ! 68",


c ! 84.9; B ! 115", C ! 18",
c ! 28.3

38. 4.6 and 8.5 mi

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

356

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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39. 7.5 mi from Ranger B,


10.9 mi from Ranger A

40. 690 ft

41. 107 mph

42a. 14.63 * b * 20
42b. b ! 14.63 or b + 20
42c. b * 14.63

43. Answers should include the


following.
If the height of the triangle
is not given, but the
measure of two sides and
their included angle are
given, then the formula for
the area of a triangle
using the sine function
should be used.
You might use this formula
to find the area of a
triangular piece of land,
since it might be easier to
measure two sides and
use surveying equipment
to measure the included
angle than to measure the
perpendicular distance
from one vertex to its
opposite side.
1
The area of "ABC is ah.

44. D

C
b

a
h

sin B !
Area !
Area !

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

c
h
or h ! c sin
c
1
ah or
2
1
a (c sin B)
2

357

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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45. B ! 78", a ! 50.1, c ! 56.1


47.

46.

23
3

48. 22

49. 660", #60"


51.

17%
,
6

53.

55
221

23
2

50. 407", #313"

7%
6

52.

3
68

54. 780 ft

55. 5.6

56. 7.8

57. 39.4"

58. 136.0"

Lesson 13-5 Law of Cosines


Pages 735738
1. Mateo; the angle given is not
between the two sides,
therefore the Law of Sines
should be used.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

2a. Use the Law of Cosines to


find the measure of one
angle. Then use the Law of
Sines or the Law of Cosines
to find the measure of a
second angle. Finally,
subtract the sum of these
two angles from 180" to find
the measure of the third
angle.
2b. Use the Law of Cosines to
find the measure of the third
side. Then use the Law of
Sines or the Law of Cosines
to find the measure of a
second angle. Finally,
subtract the sum of these
two angles from 180" to find
the measure of the third
angle.

358

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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4. cosines; A ! 76", B ! 69",


c ! 6.5

3. Sample answer:

15

13

5. sines; B ! 70", a ! 9.6,


b ! 14

6. sines; C ! 101", B ! 37",


c ! 92.5

7. cosines; A ! 23", B ! 67",


C ! 90"

8. 19.5 m
10. sines; A ! 60", b ! 14.3,
c ! 11.2

9. 94.3"
11. cosines; A ! 48", B ! 62",
C ! 70"

12. cosines; A ! 46", B ! 74",


C ! 59.6

13. sines; B ! 102", C ! 44",


b ! 21.0

14. cosines; A ! 56.8", B ! 82",


c ! 11.5

15. sines; A ! 80", a ! 10.9,


c ! 5.4

16. cosines; A ! 55", C ! 78",


b ! 17.9

17. cosines; A ! 30", B ! 110",


C ! 40"

18. no

19. sines; C ! 77", b ! 31.7,


c ! 31.6

20. cosines; A ! 103", B ! 49",


C ! 28"

21. no

22. cosines; A ! 15", B ! 131",


C ! 34"

23. cosines; A ! 52", C ! 109",


b ! 21.0

24. sines; C ! 102", b ! 5.5,


c ! 14.4

25. cosines; A ! 24", B ! 125",


C ! 31"

26. cosines; A ! 107", B ! 35",


c ! 13.8

27. cosines; B ! 82", C ! 58",


a ! 4.5

28. about 159.7"

29. about 100.1"

30. Since the step angle for the


carnivore is closer to 180", it
appears as though the
carnivore made more forward
progress with each step than
the herbivore did.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

359

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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31. 4.4 cm, 9.0 cm

32. about 1362 ft; about 81,919 ft 2

33. 91.6"

34. Since cos 90" ! 0,


a 2 ! b 2 & c 2 # 2bc cos A
becomes a 2 ! b 2 & c 2.

35. Answers should include the


following.
The Law of Cosines can
be used when you know
all three sides of a triangle
or when you know two
sides and the included
angle. It can even be used
with two sides and the
nonincluded angle. This
set of conditions leaves a
quadratic equation to be
solved. It may have one,
two, or no solution just like
the SSA case with the
Law of Sines.
Given the latitude of a
point on the surface of
Earth, you can use the
radius of the Earth and the
orbiting height of a satellite
in geosynchronous orbit to
create a triangle. This
triangle will have two
known sides and the
measure of the included
angle. Find the third side
using the Law of Cosines
and then use the Law of
Sines to determine the
angles of the triangle.
Subtract 90 degrees from
the angle with its vertex on
Earths surface to find the
angle at which to aim the
receiver dish.

36. B

37. A

38. 100.0"

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

360

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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39. Sample answer: 100.2"

40. By finding the measure of


angle C in one step using
the Law of Cosines, only the
given information was used.
By finding this angle
measure using the Law of
Cosines and then the Law of
Sines, a calculated value that
was not exact was
introduced; 100.0".

41. one; B ! 46", C ! 79",


c ! 9.6

42. no solution

12
5
, cos ! ! ,
13
13
12
13
tan ! ! , csc ! !
5
12
13
5
sec ! ! , cot ! !
5
12

44. sin ! !

43. sin ! !

cos ! !
csc ! !
cot ! !

45. sin ! !

26
,
4

cos ! !

tan ! !

215
,
5

sec ! !

2 210
,
5

210
,
4

csc ! !

4 265
,
65
265
,
7
4
7

48. 4.3891

51. 540", #180"

52.

5%
,
2

54.

10%
,
3

5%
6

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

265
,
4

215
3

50. 390", #330"

19%
,
6

sec ! !

46. 1.3863

49. 405, #315"

53.

7
4

tan ! ! ,

2 26
,
3

cot ! !

47. {x 0 x ) #0.6931}

7 265
,
65

361

3%
2

2%
3

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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Chapter 13
Practice Quiz 2
Page 738
1. sin ! !

3 213
,
13

2 23
3

2. #

2 213
,
13

cos ! ! #

3
2

tan ! ! # , csc ! !
sec ! ! #

213
,
2

213
,
3
2
3

cot ! ! #

3. 27.7 m2

4. two; B ! 27"; C ! 131";


c ! 30.2; B ! 153";
C ! 5"; c ! 3.5

5. cosines; c ! 15.9, A ! 59",


B ! 43"

Lesson 13-6 Circular Functions


Pages 742745
1. The terminal side of the
angle ! in standard position
must intersect the unit circle
at P (x, y).

2. Sample answer: the motion


of the minute hand on a
clock; 60 s

3. Sample answer: The graphs


have the same shape, but
cross the x-axis at different
points.

4. sin ! ! # , cos ! !

5. sin ! !

22
;
2

cos ! !

12
13

22
2

6.

1
2

7. #

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

5
13

23
2

8. 720"

362

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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10.

9. 2 s

h
3

!3

4
5

5
13

3
5

13. sin ! !

15
;
17

15. sin ! !

23
;
2

cos ! !

8
17

1
2

14. sin ! ! # ; cos ! !


1
2

1
2

18.

23
2

19. #1

20.

23
2

21. 1

22. #

22
2

9
4

23.

1
4

24.

25.

1 # 23
2

26. 23

27. #323

28. 1

29. 6

30. 9

31. 2%

32. 8

1
440

13
2

16. sin ! ! 0.8; cos ! ! 0.6

cos ! ! #

17. #

33.

12
13

12. sin ! ! # ; cos ! ! #

11. sin ! ! ; cos ! ! #

34.

y
1

O
!1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

363

1
440

1
220

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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1 13
1 13
b, a# ,
b,
2 2
2 2

35. a ,

1
2

(#1, 0), a# , #
1
a ,
2

37.

36. The population is around 425


near the 60th day of the year.
It rises to around 625 in
May/June. It falls to around 425
again by August/September.
It continues to drop to around
225 in November/December.

13
b,
2

13
b
2

y
x

38. tan !
x
y

39. #

40. #cot !

41. 23

42. #

43. sine: D ! {all reals},


R ! {#1 , y , 1};
cosine: D ! {all reals},
R ! {#1 , y , 1}

44. Answers should include the


following.
Over the course of one
period both the sine and
cosine function attain their
maximum value once and
their minimum value once.
From the maximum to the
minimum the functions
decrease slowly at first,
then decrease more
quickly and return to a
slow rate of change as
they come into the
minimum. Similarly, the
functions rise slowly from
their minimum. They begin
to increase more rapidly
as they pass the halfway
point, and then begin to
rise more slowly as they
increase into the
maximum. Annual
temperature fluctuations
behave in exactly the
same manner.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

364

23
3

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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The maximum value of the


sine function is 1 so the
maximum temperature
would be 50 & 25(1) or
75" F. Similarly, the
minimum value would be
50 & 25(#1) or 25" F. The
average temperature over
this time period occurs
when the sine function
takes on a value of 0. In
this case that would be
50" F.
23
3

45. A

46.

47. cosines; c ! 12.4, B ! 59",


A ! 76"

48. cosines; A ! 34", B ! 62",


C ! 84"

49. 27.0 in2

50. 12.5 m2

51. 6800

52. 9500

53. 5000

54. 5000

55. 250

56. 50

57. does not exist

58.

59. 8

60. 4x # 5

61. 2x & 9

62. 5y 2 # 4y & 4 #

63. 2y & 7 &

5
y#3

64
3

11
y&1

64. 20"

65. 110"

66. 73"

67. 80"

68. 56"

69. 89"

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

365

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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Lesson 13-7

Inverse Trigonometric Functions


Pages 749751

1. Restricted domains are


denoted with a capital letter.

2. Sample answer:
Cos 45" !
Cos#1

22
2

22
;
2

! 45"

3. They are inverses of each


other.

4. ! ! Arctan x

5. " ! Arccos 0.5

6. 45"

7. 0"

8. # ! #0.52

%
6

9. % ! 3.14

10. 0.22

11. 0.75

12. 0.66

13. 0.58

14. 30"

15. # ! Arcsin "

16. a ! Arctan b

17. y ! Arccos x

18. 30" ! Arcsin

19. Arccos y ! 45"

20. Arctan a# b ! x

21. 60"

22. 30"

23. 45"

24. 30"

25. 45"

26. 90"

27. 2.09

28. does not exist

29. 0.52

30. 0.52

31. 0.5

32. 0.66

33. 0.60

34. 0.5

35. 0.8

36. 0.81

37. 0.5

38. 3

39. #0.5

40. 1.57

41. 0.71

42. does not exist

43. 0.96

44. 0.87

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1
2

4
3

366

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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45. 60" south of west

46. 83"

47. No; with this point on the


terminal side of the throwing
angle !, the measure of ! is
found by solving the equation

48. 60"

tan ! !

17
. Thus
18

! ! tan#1

or about 43.4", which is


greater than the 40"
requirement.

17
18

49. 31"

50. 102"

51. Suppose P (x 1, y 1) and


Q (x 2, y 2) lie on the line
y ! mx & b. Then m !
y2 # y1
. The tangent of

52. Trigonometry is used to


determine proper banking
angles. Answers should
include the following.
Knowing the velocity of the
cars to be traveling on a
road and the radius of the
curve to be built, then the
banking angle can be
determined. First find the
ratio of the square of the
velocity to the product of
the acceleration due to
gravity and the radius of
the curve. Then determine
the angle that had this
ratio as its tangent. This
will be the banking angle
for the turn.
If the speed limit were
increased and the banking
angle remained the same,
then in order to maintain a
safe road the curvature
would have to be
decreased. That is, the
radius of the curve would
also have to increase,
which would make the
road less curved.

x2 # x1

the angle ! the line makes


with the positive x-axis is
opp
equal to the ratio
or
adj

y2 # y1
.
x2 # x 1

Thus tan ! ! m.

Q (x 2, y 2)
P (x , y 1)
O

x2 ! x1

y2 ! y1
x

y # mx
m $b

53. 37"
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

54. D
367

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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56. Sin#1 x & Cos#1 x ! for


2
all values of x.

55.
23
1 22 23
1 22
#
#1
1 # #
2 2
2
2
2
2
% % %
% % %
%
%
%
y
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2
2
x 0

23
2

57. From a right triangle


perspective, if an acute angle
! has a given sine x, then
the complementary angle
%
# ! has that same value
2
as its cosine. This can be
verified by looking at a right
triangle. Therefore, the sum
of the angle whose sine is x
and the angle whose cosine
%
is x should be .

58.

59. #1

60. 1

61. sines; B ! 69", C ! 81",


c ! 6.1 or B ! 111", C ! 39",
C ! 3.9

62. cosines; A ! 13", B ! 77",


C ! 90"

63. 46, 39

64. #22, #57

65. 11, 109

66. 2.5 s

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

368

Algebra 2

Chapter 13

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2:03 PM

Page 369 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

Chapter 14 Trigonetmetric Graphs and Identities


Lesson 14-1 Graphing Trigonometric Functions
Pages 766768
1. Sample answer: Amplitude is
half the difference between
the maximum and minimum
values of a graph; y # tan !
has no maximum or
minimum value.

2. Sample answer: The graph


repeats itself every 180".

3. Jamile; The amplitude is 3


and the period is 3!.

4. amplitude: ; period 360" or 2!

1
2

y
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
!270 !180 !90
!1
!1.5
!2
!2.5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

y
2
1.5
1
0.5

y " 2 sin !

90 180 270

6. amplitude: ; period 360" or 2!

!270 !180 !90


!2
!3
!4
!5

2
3

5. amplitude: 2; period: 360" or 2!


5
4
3
2
1

y " 2 sin !

90 180 270

!0.5
!1
!1.5
!2

369

y"

2
cos !
3

90 180 270 360

Algebra 2

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Page 370 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

8. amplitude: does not exist;


period: 180" or !

7. amplitude: does not exist;


period: 180" or !

2
1.5
1
0.5

2
1.5
1
0.5
!270 !180 !90
!1
1
!1.5
y " 4 tan !
!2

90 180 270

O
!270 !180 !90
!1
!1.5
y " csc 2!
!2

10. amplitude: 4; period: 480" or

9. amplitude: 4; period: 180" or !


y
5
4
3
2
1

5
4
3
2
1
!

90 180 270 360

y
1.25
1
0.75
0.5
0.25

!
30

60

O
!90
!0.5
!0.75
!1
!1.25

90 120 150
1

y " 2 sec 3!

13. 12 months; Sample answer:


The pattern in the population
will repeat itself every 12
months.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

3
4

2!
3

2
1.5
1
0.5
!60 !30
!1
!1.5
!2

90 180 270 360 450

12. amplitude: ; period: 720" or 4!

3
4

y " 4 cos !

O
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5

11. amplitude: does not exist;


period: 120" or

8!
2

y " 4 sin 2!

O
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5

90 180 270

y " 4 cos 2 !

90 180 270 360 450

14. 4250; June 1

370

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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Page 371 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

15. amplitude: 3; period: 360" or 2!

16. amplitude: 5; period: 360" or 2!

y
5
4
3
2
1
!270 !180 !90
!2
!3
!4
!5

y
5
4
3
2
1

y " 3 sin !

90 180 270

O
!270 !180 !90
!2
!3
!4
!5

y
10
8
6
4
2

5
4
3
2
1
O
!270!180!90
!2
y " 2 csc !
!3
!4
!5

90 180 270

!270 !180 !90


!4
!6
!8
y " 2 tan !
!10

1
5

y
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

90 180 270

y
10
8
6
4
2

1
y " 5 sin !

20. amplitude: does not exist;


period: 360" or 2!

19. amplitude: ; period: 360" or 2!

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

90 180 270

18. amplitude: does not exist;


period: 180" or !

17. amplitude: does not exist;


period: 360" or 2!

!270 !180 !90


!0.4
!0.6
!0.8
!1

y " 5 cos !

90 180 270

O
!270!180!90
!4
!6
1
y " 3 sec !
!8
!10

371

90 180 270

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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Page 372 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

21. amplitude: 1; period 90" or

!
2

22. amplitude: 1; period: 180" or !


y

y
5
4
3
2
1
!270 !180 !90
!2
!3
!4
!5

5
4
3
2
1

y " sin 4!

90 180 270

period: 36" or

O
!60 !30
!2
!3
!4
!5

!
5

30

60

O
!72 !54 !36 !18
!2
!3
!4
y " cot 5!
!5

25. amplitude: does not exist;


period: 540" or 3!

18

36

54

72

26. amplitude: does not exist;


period: 360" or 2!
y

10
8
6
4
2

10
8
6
4
2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

5
4
3
2
1

5
4
3
2
1

!810 !540!270
!4
!6
1
y " 4 tan 3 !
!8
!10

90 180 270

24. amplitude: does not exist;

2!
3

y " sec 3!

!270 !180 !90


!2
!3
!4
!5

23. amplitude: does not exist;


period: 120" or

y " sin 2!

270 540 810

O
!540 !360 !180
!4
!6
1
y " 2 cot 2 !
!8
!10

372

180 360 540

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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27. amplitude: 6; period: 540" or 3!

28. amplitude: 3; period: 720" or 4!

y
10
8
6
4
2
!270 !180 !90
!4
!6
!8
!10

y
2
y " 6 sin 3 !

90 180 270

10
8
6
4
2
O
!540!360!180
!4
!6
!8
!10

29. amplitude: does not exist;


period: 720" or 4!

10
8
6
4
2
O
!540!360!180
!4
1
y " 3 csc 2 !
!6
!8
!10

180 360 540

10
8
6
4
2

!135 !90 !45


!4
!6
1
y " 2 cot 2!
!8
!10

31. amplitude: does not exist;


period: 180" or !

45

90 135

8
9

32. amplitude: ; period: 600" or


10!
3

y
10
8
6
4
2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

180 360 540

30. amplitude: does not exist;


!
period: 90" or

O
!270!180 !90
!4
!6
2y " tan !
!8
!10

y " 3 cos 2 !

90 180 270

5
4
3
2
1

!540!360!180
!2
!3
!4
!5

373

3
2
3
y " 3 sin 5 !
4

180 360 540

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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7/24/02

2:03 PM

Page 374 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

33.

34.
y

y
5
4
3
2
1
!135 !90 !45
!2
!3
!4
!5

y#
35.

3
5

5
4
3
2
1

y " 5 sin 4!
O

45

90 135

y " 8 cos 5!
!

45

!135 !90 !45


!2
!3
!4
!5

y#

sin 4!

1
107

7
8

90 135

cos 5!

36. y # 0.25 sin 128!t,


y # 0.25 sin 512!t,
y # 0.25 sin 1024!t

37. Sample answer: The


amplitudes are the same. As
the frequency increases, the
period decreases.

38. f (x ) # cos x and f (x ) # sec x


f (x )
5
4
3
2
1

f (x ) " cos x
f (x ) " cos (!x )

O
!270 !180 !90
!2
!3
!4
!5

90 180 270

f (x )
f (x ) " sec x
f (x ) " sec (!x )

5
4
3
2
1

O
!270!180!90
!2
!3
!4
!5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

374

90 180 270

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

7/24/02

39. y # 2 sin

!
5

2:03 PM

Page 375 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

40.

y
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
!0.5
!1
!1.5
!2
!2.5

y " 2 sin 5 t

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

41. about 1.9 ft

42. Sample answer: Tides


display periodic behavior.
This means that their pattern
repeats at regular intervals.
Answers should include the
following information.
Tides rise and fall in a
periodic manner, similar to
the sine function.
In f (x ) # a sin bx, the
amplitude is the absolute
value of a.

43. A

44. C

45. 90"

46. $90"

47. 45"

48.

1
2

49.

22
2

50.

22
2

51.

13
16

52. 3, 11, 27, 59, 123

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

375

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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7/24/02

53.

2:03 PM

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54.

y
15
13
11
9
7
5
3
1
!8

y "x

15
13
11
9
7
5
3
1

y " 3x 2

!4

!8

!4

56.

y " 2(x $ 1)2


!8

!4

15
13
11
9
7
5
3
1
O

y " 2x 2

Lesson 14-2

y " 3x 2 ! 4

y " x2 $ 2

!8

!4

15
13
11
9
7
5
3
1
O

y " (x ! 3)2 $ 2
4

!3
!5

!3
!5

Translations of Trigonometric Graphs


Pages 774776

1. vertical shift: 15; amplitude: 3;


period: 180"; phase shift: 45"

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

O
!3
!5

!3
!5

55.

y " 3x 2

2. The midline of a
trigonometric function is the
line about which the graph of
the function oscillates after a
vertical shift.

376

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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3. Sample answer:
y # sin (! % 45")

4. 1; 2!;

!
2
y

y " sin ! ! 2

5. no amplitude; 180"; $60"

3#
2

!# ! #
2

5
4
3
2
1
O

#
2

!2
!3
!4
!5

3#
2

6. 1; 360"; 45"
y

y
5
4
3
2
1

0.75

y " cos (! ! 45)

0.5

O
!270!180 !90
!2
!3
y " tan (! $ 60) !4
!5

90 180 270

0.25

O
!45
!0.25

45 90 135 180 225

!0.5
!0.75

!
3

8.

7. no amplitude; 2!; $
(

y " sec ! $ 3

3#
2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1
4

y # ; 1; 360"
y

y
4
3
2
1

O
!# ! # !1
2
!2
!3
!4

1
;
4

#
2

3#
2

5
4
3
2
1

O
!270 !180 !90
!2
!3
!4
!5

377

y " cos ! $ 4

90 180 270

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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7/24/02

2:03 PM

Page 378 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

9. $5; y # $5; no amplitude;


360"

10. 4; y # 4; no amplitude; 180"


y
7

10
8
6
4
2

5
4

O
!270!180!90
!4
!6
!8
y " sec ! ! 5
!10

1
!135 !90 !45

y " sin ! $ 0.25

0.5
90

180

270

45

y " 3 sin [2(! ! 30)] $ 10


14
12
10
8
6
4
2

!0.5

O
!1

90

135

12. 10; 3; 180"; 30"

90 180 270

11. 0.25; y # 0.25; 1; 360"


1.5

y " tan ! $ 4

360

O
!270 !180 !90
!4

!1

90 180 270

!1.5

! !
2 4

14. 1; no amplitude; ;

13. $6; no amplitude; 60"; $45"


y

1
!45

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

O
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11

45

4
3
2
1

3#
8

#
4

# !1O
8

!2
!3
#!4
1
y " 2 sec 4 ! ! 4 $ 1

y " 2 cot (3! $ 135) ! 6

[(

378

#
8

#
4

3#
8

)]

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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7/24/02

2
3

2:03 PM

Page 379 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

!
6

15. $2; ; 4!; $

16. 4; 1; 4 s

y
1
O
!3# !2# !#
!1

2#

3#

!2
!3

[ 1(

y " 3 cos 2 ! $ 6

)] ! 2

17. h # 4 $ cos t or
2
h # 4 $ cos 90"t

18.

h " 4 ! cos 2 t

6
5
4
3
2
1
O
!1
!2
!3
!4

19. 1; 360"; $90"

O
!270 !180 !90
!2
!3
!4
!5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

20. no amplitude; 180"; 30"


y

y
5
4
3
2
1

5
4
3
2
1

y " cos (! $ 90)

90 180 270

O
!135 !90 !45
!2
!3
!4
!5

379

45

90 135

y " cot (! ! 30)

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

21. 1; 2!;

7/24/02

2:03 PM

Page 380 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

!
3

!
4

22. 1; 2!; $

y
5
4
3
2
1
!

3#
2

y " sin ! ! 4

5
4
3
2
1

)
!

O
!# ! #
2 !2
!3
!4
!5

#
2

3#
2

3#
2

O
!# ! #
2 !2
!3
!4
!5

5
4
3
2
1

5
4
3
2
1
45

90 135

3#
2

y " 3 sin (! ! 75)

O
!270 !180 !90
!2
!3
!4
!5

1
y " 4 tan (! $ 22.5)

90 180 270

26. 2; y # 2; no amplitude; 360"

25. $1; y # $1; 1; 360"


y

5
4
3
2
1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

#
2

O
!270 !180 !90
!2
!3
y " sin ! ! 1
!4
!5

24. 3; 360"; 75"

23. no amplitude; 180"; $22.5"

O
!135 !90 !45
!2
!3
!4
!5

y " cos ! $ 3

5
4
3
2
1

O
!270!180!90
!2
!3
y " sec ! $ 2
!4
!5

90 180 270

380

90 180 270

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 381 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

3
4

360"

2
1

O
!270 !180 !90
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8

29.

1
;
2

90 180 270

5
4
3
2
1

O
!270!180!90
!2
!3
3
y " csc ! ! 4
!4
!5

y " cos ! ! 5

1 1
2 2

y
5
4
3
2
1

10
8
6
4
2

y " 2 sin ! $ 2

O
!270 !180 !90
!2
!3
!4
!5

90 180 270

32.

3#
#
!2
4

!4

#
4

#
2

3#
4

O
!270 !180 !90
!2
!3
!4
!5

2
y " 3 cos (! ! 50) $ 2

90 180 270

translation 50" right and


2 units up with an amplitude
2
of unit

translation units left and


4
5 units up

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

90 180 270

y
5
4
3
2
1

y " 5 $ tan ! $ 4

y " 6 cos ! $ 1.5

O
!270 !180 !90
!4
!6
!8
!10

31.

90 180 270

30. 1.5; y # 1.5; 6; 360"

y # ; ; 360"

18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2

3
4

28. $ ; y # $ ; no amplitude;

27. $5; y # $5; 1; 360"

381

Algebra 2

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7/24/02

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Page 382 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

33. 1; 2; 120"; 45"

34. $5; 4; 180"; $30"


y

5
4
3
2
1

y
10
8
6
4
2

y " 2 sin [3(! ! 45)] $ 1

90 180 270

!270 !180 !90


!2
!3
!4
!5

!270 !180 !90


!4
!6
!8
!10

35. $3.5; does not exist; 720";


$60"

90 180 270

y " 4 cos [2(! $ 30)] ! 5

36. 0.75; does not exist; 270"; 90"


y
20
16
12
8
4

y
8
6
4
2
O
!270!180!90
!4
!6
!8
!10
!12

90 180 270

[1 (

!270!180!90
!8
!12
!16
!20

)]

y " 3 csc 2 ! $ 60 ! 3.5

90 180 270

[2(

)]

y " 6 cot 3 ! ! 90 $ 0.75

1
4

38. $4; does not exist; 30";$22.5"

37. 1; ; 180"; 75"

y
5
4
3
2
1
O
!270 !180 !90
!2
!3
!4
!5

2
1

1
y " 4 cos (2! ! 150) $ 1

!22.5
90 180 270

22.5

!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8

2
y " 5 tan (6! $ 135) ! 4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

382

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 383 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

2!
3

!
4

40. 4; does not exist; 6!; $

39. 3; 2; !; $

y
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
!

3#
2

!# ! #

[(

3#
2

y " 3 $ 2 sin 2 ! $ 4

#
2

2 !2

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2

)]

O
!4# !2#
!4

2#

[1(

4#
2#

y " 4 $ sec 3 ! $ 3

41.

42.

5
4
3
2
1
!

3#
2

!# ! #
2

y y " 3 ! 2 cos !
1
y " 3 $ cos (! $ #)

#
2

!2
!3
!4
!5

3#
2

)]

y
5
4
3
2
1

O
!4# !2#
!2
!3
!4
!5

The graphs are identical.

[ 1 ( # )]
1
3#
y " cos [ 4 (! $ 2 )]
y " !sin 4 ! ! 2

2#

4#

The graphs are identical.


43. c

44. 180; 5 yr

45. 300; 14.5 yr

46. Sample answer: When the


prey (mouse) population is at
its greatest the predator will
consume more and the
predator population will grow
while the prey population falls.

47. h # 9 % 6 sin c (t $ 1.5)d

48. a # $1, b # 1, h #

49. Sample answer: You can use


changes in amplitude and
period along with vertical and
horizontal shifts to show an
animal populations starting
point and display changes to
that population over a period of

50. B

!
9

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

383

!
2

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 384 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

time. Answers should include


the following information.
The equation shows a
rabbit population that
begins at 1200, increases
to a maximum of 1450,
then decreases to a
minimum of 950 over a
period of 4 years.
Relative to y # a cos bx,
y # a cos bx % k would
have a vertical shift of
k units, while y # a cos
[b (x $ h)] has a horizontal
shift of h units.
52. amplitude: does not exist;
period: 360" or 2!

51. D

y
5
4
3
2
1
O
!270!180!90
!2
!3
y " 3 csc !
!4
!5

period: 270" or

3!
2

5
4
3
2
1

10
8
6
4
2

!
y " sin 2

90 180 270

!360 !180
!4
!6
2
y " 3 tan !
3
!8
!10

180 360

56. 0.57

55. 0.75
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

54. amplitude: does not exist;

53. amplitude: 1; period: 720" or


4!

!270 !180 !90


!2
!3
!4
!5

90 180 270

384

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 385 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

57. 0.83

58. 0.8

59. 35

60. 2.29

61. 0.66

62. 0.66
1
4

63.

5a $ 13
(a $ 2)(a $ 3)

64. $

65.

3y 2 % 10y % 5
2(y $ 5)(y % 3)

66. $

67. $1

23
2

68. $1

69.

1
2

70. 0

71.

23
3

72. $

22
2

73. 1

Lesson 14-3 Trigonometric Identities


Pages 779781
1. Sample answer: The sine
function is negative in the
third and fourth quadrants.
Therefore, the terminal side
of the angle must lie in one
of those two quadrants.

2. Sample answer: Pythagorean


identities are derived by
applying the Pythagorean
Theorem to trigonometric
concepts.

3. Sample answer: Simplifying a


trigonometric expression
means writing the expression
as a numerical value or in
terms of a single trigonometric
function, if possible.

4. $

5
4

3
5

5. $

6.

7. 22

8. 1

9. tan2 !

10. sec !
12. sin ! # cos !

11. csc !

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

23
3

385

v2
gR

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

13.

7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 386 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

1
2

14.

15. $25

25
3

16. 2 22
3
5

17.

5
4

18.

19.

23
2

20. $

21.

3
4

22.

3 25
5

4
5
4 217
17

4 27
7

23. $

24. $

25. cot !

26. 1

27. cos !

28. sin !

29. 2

30. $3

31. cot2 !

32. tan !

33. 1

34. cot2 !

35. csc2 !

36. 1

37. about 11.5"

38. about 4 m/s

39. about 9.4"

40. E #

I tan ! cos !
E
I sin !
simplifies to E #
.
R2

42. P # I 2R sin2 2!ft

41. No; R 2 #

43. P # I 2R $

I 2R
.
1 % tan2 2!ft

44.

45. Sample answer: You can use


equations to find the height
and the horizontal distance
of a baseball after it has
been hit. The equations
involve using the initial angle
the ball makes with the
ground with the sine function.
Answers should include the
following information.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

I cos !
R2

9
16

46. B

386

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 387 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

Both equations are


quadratic in nature with a
leading negative coefficient.
Thus, both are inverted
parabolas which model the
path of a baseball.
model rockets, hitting a
golf ball, kicking a rock
47. A

48. $1; y # $1; 1; 360"


y
5
4
3
2
1
O
!270 !180 !90
!2
!3
!4
!5

49. 12; y # 12; no amplitude; 180"


20

y " sin ! ! 1

y
5
4
3
2
1

15
10
5

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

50. amplitude: does not exist;


period: 180" or !

O
!270 !180 !90
!5
y " tan ! $ 12

90 180 270

90 180 270

O
!135 !90 !45
!2
!3
y " csc 2!
!4
!5

387

45

90 135

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 388 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

51. amplitude: 1; period: 120" or

2!
3

52. amplitude: does not exist;


period: 36" or

y
5
4
3
2
1

!
5

y
5
4
3
2
1

y " cos 3!

O
!135 !90 !45
!2
!3
!4
!5

45

90 135

y " 3 cot 5!

!22.5

22.5

!2
!3
!4
!5

1
6

53. 93

54. y # $ (x $ 11)2 %

55. Symmetric (#)

56. Substitution (#)

57. Multiplication (#)

58. Substitution (#)

1
2

Chapter 14
Practice Quiz 1
Page 781
1.

3
,
4

2. $5, 2, 8!,

720" or 4!
y
5
4
3
2
1

!270 !180 !90


!2
!3
!4
!5

y
3

6
4
2

y " 4 sin 2 !

90 180 270

O
!4# !2#
!4
!6
!8
!10
!12
!14

3
5

3. $
5.

!
4

4. $

2#

4#

[1 (

y " 2 cos 4 ! ! 4

)] ! 5

213
3

25
2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

388

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

7/24/02

2:04 PM

Lesson 14-4

Page 389 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

Verifying Trigonometric Identities


Pages 784785

1. sin ! tan ! # sec ! $ cos !


?

sin ! tan ! #

1
cos !

2. Sample answer: Use various


identities, multiply or divide
terms to form an equivalent
expression, factor, and
simplify rational expressions.

$ cos !

sec ! #

1
cos !

1
cos2 !
$
,
cos !
cos !
Multiply by the LCD, cos !.
? 1 $ cos2 !
tan ! #
cos !
Subtract.
1 $ cos 2 !
? sin2 !
tan ! #
# sin2 !
cos !
sin !
?
tan ! # sin ! !
cos !
Factor.
?

sin ! tan ! #
sin !
sin !
sin !

sin ! tan ! # sin ! tan !

sin !
# tan !
cos !
?

3. Sample answer: sin2 ! # 1 %


cos2 !; it is not an identity
because sin 2 ! # 1 $ cos2 !.
5.

4. tan !(cot ! % tan !) # sec 2 !


?

1 % tan2 ! # sec2 !
sec2 ! # sec2 !

tan2 ! cos2 ! # 1 $ cos2 !


sin2 !
cos2 !

6.

! cos2 ! # sin2 !
sin2 ! # sin2 !

cos2 !
1 $ sin !
1 $ sin2 !
1 $ sin !
(1 $ sin !)(1 % sin !)
1 $ sin !

# 1 % sin !
?

# 1 % sin !
?

# 1 % sin !

1 % sin ! # 1 % sin !

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

389

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

7.

7/24/02

2:04 PM

1 % tan2 !
csc2 !

# tan2 !

sec2 !
csc2 !

# tan2 !

Page 390 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

8.

cos !

1
cos 2 ! ?
#
1
?

tan2 !

sin ! cos !

sin !
sec !
sin !
sec !
sin !
sec !

! sin ! # tan !
tan2 ! # tan2 !

9.

sec ! % 1
tan !
sec ! % 1
tan !
sec ! % 1
tan !
sec ! % 1
tan !
sec ! % 1
tan !

11.

tan !
sec ! $ 1

tan !
sec ! % 1
!
sec ! $ 1 sec ! % 1
tan ! ! (sec ! % 1)
sec2 ! $ 1
tan ! ! (sec ! % 1)
tan2 !
sec ! % 1
tan !

#
#
?

#
?

#
#

sin2 !
cos2 !
2

cot2 ! % cot ! tan ! # csc2 !

! cos2 ! # 1
2

cot 2 ! %

cos !
sin !

# csc 2 !
?

14.

! sin2 ! # sec2 !

sin ! sec ! cot ! # 1


sin ! !

1
cos !

cos !
sin !

#1

1#1

1 % tan2 ! # sec2 !
sec2 ! # sec2 !

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

sin !
cos !

cot2 ! % 1 # csc2 !
csc2 ! # csc2 !

1
cos2 !

12. cot ! (cot ! % tan !) # csc2 !

1 % sec2 ! sin2 ! # sec2 !


1%

sin ! cos !
sin2 ! % cos2 !
sin ! cos !
1
sin !
sec !

cos ! % sin ! # 1
1#1

13.

10. D

cos2 ! % tan2 ! cos2 ! # 1


cos2 ! %

cos !

sin ! ?
1
# sin2 ! % cos2 !
sec !

sin 2 !

1
cos2 !

1
sin ! ?
#
sec !
tan ! % cot !
sin ! ?
1
# sin2 !
sin !
sec !
%

390

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 391 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

1 $ 2 cos2 ! ?
# tan ! $ cot !
sin ! cos !
(1 $ cos2 !) $ cos2 ! ?
# tan ! $ cot !
sin ! cos !
sin2 ! $ cos2 ! ?
# tan ! $ cot !
sin ! cos !
sin2 !
cos2 !
?
$
# tan ! $ cot !
sin ! cos ! sin ! cos !
sin !
cos ! ?
$
# tan ! $ cot !
cos !
sin !
tan ! $ cot ! # tan ! $ cot !

16.

15.
1 $ cos ! ?
# (csc ! $ cot !)2
1 % cos !
1 $ cos ! ?
# csc2 ! $ 2 cot ! csc !
1 % cos !
% cot2 !
1 $ cos ! ? 1
cos !
#
!
$2!
2
1 % cos ! sin !
sin !
1
cos2 !
%
sin !
sin2 !
cos2 !
1 $ cos ! ? 1
2cos !
#
$
%
1 % cos ! sin2 !
sin2 !
sin2 !
1 $ cos ! ? 1 $ 2 cos ! % cos2 !
#
1 % cos !
sin2 !
1 $ cos ! ? (1 $ cos !)(1 $ cos !)
#
1 % cos !
1 $ cos2 !
1 $ cos ! ? (1 $ cos !)(1 $ cos !)
#
1 % cos ! (1 $ cos !)(1 % cos !)
1 $ cos !
1 $ cos !
#
1 % cos !
1 % cos !

17.
?

cot ! csc ! #

cos !
? sin !

cot ! csc ! #

cot ! csc !

cot ! csc !

18.

cot ! % csc !
sin ! % tan !

sin ! % cos ! #

% sin !

sin ! % cos ! #

sin !
sin ! %
cos !
cos ! $ 1
sin !
?
# sin ! cos ! % sin !
cos !
cos ! % 1
sin !
?
# sin ! (cos ! % 1)
cos !
?

cos ! % 1
!
sin !
cos !
sin !(cos ! % 1)

cos !
sin !

cot ! csc ! #

cot ! csc ! #

sin ! % cos !

1 % tan !
sec !
1

sin !

% cos !

1
cos !
sin ! % cos !
cos !
?
#
1
cos !
?

sin ! % cos ! #

sin ! % cos !
cos !

& cos !

sin ! % cos ! # sin ! % cos !

1
sin !

cot ! csc ! # cot ! csc !


Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

391

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

19.

sec !
sin !
1
cos !
sin !

7/24/02

sin !
cos !

2:04 PM

Page 392 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

20.

# cot !

sin !
1 $ cos ! ?
%
# 2csc !
1 $ cos !
sin !
sin !
sin !
1 $ cos ! 1 $ cos ! ?
!
%
!
# 2csc !
sin ! 1 $ cos !
1 $ cos !
sin !

sin ! ?

$ cos ! # cot !

1
sin ! cos !

sin2 !
sin ! cos !
1 $ sin2 !
sin ! cos !
cos2 !
sin ! cos !
cos !
sin !

1 $ 2cos ! % cos2 ! ?
sin2 !
%
# 2csc !
sin !(1 $ cos !)
sin ! (1 $ cos !)

# cot !

sin2 ! % cos2 ! % 1 $ 2cos ! ?


# 2csc !
sin !(1 $ cos !)
2 $ 2cos !
?
# 2csc !
sin !(1 $ cos !)

# cot !

2(1 $ cos !) ?
# 2csc !
sin !(1 $ cos !)

# cot !

2 ?
# 2csc !
sin !

# cot !

2csc ! # 2csc !

cot ! # cot !

21.

23.

1 % sin !
sin !
1 % sin !
sin !
1 % sin !
sin !
1 % sin !
sin !
1 % sin !
sin !
1 % sin !
sin !
1 % sin !
sin !
1
sec2 !

#
?

#
?

#
?

cot2 !
csc ! $ 1
cot2 !
csc ! % 1
!
csc ! $ 1 csc ! % 1
cot2 !(csc ! % 1)
csc2 ! $ 1
cot2 ! (csc ! % 1)
cot2 !

#
#

sin ! % cos !
cos !

1
sin !
%
sin !
sin !
1 % sin !
sin !
1

csc2 !

sin !
cos !

sin !
cos !

sin !

% cos !

cos !
sin !
sin ! % cos !
cos !
? sin !
#
cos !
sin ! % cos !
sin !

# csc ! % 1

24. 1 %

1%

#1

cos2 ! % sin2 ! # 1
1#1

1%
1%
1%
1%

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1 % tan !
1 % cot !

22.

392

1
cos !
1
cos !
1
cos !
1
cos !
1
cos !

1
cos !
?

#
?

#
?

sin !
sin ! % cos !
sin !
cos !

#
#

sin !
cos !
sin !
cos !

tan2 !
sec ! $ 1
tan2 !
sec ! % 1
!
sec ! $ 1 sec ! % 1
tan2 !(sec ! % 1)
sec 2 ! $ 1
2
tan !(sec ! % 1)
?

tan2 !

# sec ! % 1
#1%

1
cos !

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 393 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

25. 1 $ tan4 !

26.

cos4 ! $ sin4 ! # cos2 ! $ sin2 !


(cos2 ! $ sin2 !)(cos2 ! % sin2 !)

# cos2 ! $ sin2 !
(cos2 ! $ sin2 !) ! 1

# cos2 ! $ sin2 !
cos2 ! $ sin2 ! # cos2 ! $ sin2 !

# 2 sec2 ! $ sec4 !
(1 $ tan2 !)(1 % tan2 !)

# sec2 !(2 $ sec2 !)


[1 $ (sec2 ! $ 1)](sec2 !)

# (2 $ sec2 !)(sec2 !)
(2 $ sec2 !)(sec2 !)
# (2 $ sec2 !)(sec2 !)

1 $ cos !
sin !

sin !
1 % cos !

sin !
1 % cos !

sin !
1 % cos !

1 % cos !
1 % cos !

1 $ cos2 !
sin ! (1 % cos !)
sin2 !
sin ! (1 % cos !)
sin !
1 % cos !

29.

1 $ cos !
sin !

27.

#
?

#
#

cos ! ?
cos !
%
# 2sec !
1 % sin !
1 $ sin !
cos !
1 $ sin !
cos !
1 % sin ! ?
!
%
!
# 2sec !
1 % sin ! 1 $ sin ! 1 $ sin ! 1 % sin !

28.

cos !11 $ sin !2 % cos !11 % sin !2


11 % sin !211 $ sin !2

cos ! $ sin ! cos ! % cos ! % sin ! cos ! ?


# 2 sec !
1 $ sin 2 !
2cos ! ?
# 2sec !
cos2 !
2
?
# 2sec !
cos2 !
2sec ! # 2sec !

sin !
1 % cos !
sin !
1 % cos !
?

tan ! sin ! cos ! csc2 ! # 1


sin !
cos !

! sin ! ! cos ! !

1
2

sin2 !
1 $ cos !

30.

sin2 !
1 % cos !
!
1 $ cos ! 1 % cos !
sin2 ! (1 % cos !)
1 $ cos2 !
sin2 !(1 % cos !)

sin !

# 2sec !

#1

1#1

sin2 !

# 1 % cos !
?

# 1 % cos !
?

# 1 % cos !
?

# 1 % cos !

1 % cos ! # 1 % cos !
31.

v 02

tan2 !

2g sec2 !

#
#

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

sin2 !
cos2 !
1
2g
cos2 !

v 02

v 02

sin2 !
cos2 !

2g
v 20 sin2 !

32. 598.7 m

cos 2 !
1

2g

393

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 394 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

34. Sample answer:


Trigonometric identities are
verified in a similar manner
to proving theorems in
geometry before using them.
Answers should include the
following.
The expressions have not
yet been shown to be
equal, so you could not
use the properties of
equality on them.
To show two expressions
you must transform one,
or both independently.
Graphing two expressions
could result in identical
graphs for a set interval,
that are different
elsewhere.

33. Sample answer: Consider a


right triangle ABC with right
angle at C. If an angle A has
a sine of x, then angle B
must have a cosine of x.
Since A and B are both in a
right triangle and neither is
the right angle, their sum
!
2

must be .

35. D

36. B

37.

38.

[!360, 360] scl: 90 by [!5, 5] scl: 1

[!360, 360] scl: 90 by [!5, 5] scl: 1

may be

is not

40.

39.

[!360, 360] scl: 90 by [!5, 5] scl: 1

[!360, 360] scl: 90 by [!5, 5] scl: 1

may be

may be

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

394

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 395 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

41.

42.

[!360, 360] scl: 90 by [!5, 5] scl: 1

[!360, 360] scl: 90 by [!5, 5] scl: 1

may be

is not

43.

25
2

44. $

25
3

45.

2193
12

46. $

27
4

48. 1: 360"; 45"

47. 1: 360"; 30"


y
5
4
3
2
1

y
5
4
3
2
1

y " cos (! ! 30)

90 180 270

!270 !180 !90


!2
!3
!4
!5

!270 !180 !90


!2
!3
!4
!5

!
2

49. 3; 2!; $

50.

5
6

52.

22
4

54.

2 $ 23
4

y " sin (! ! 45)


!
90 180 270

y
5
4
3
2
1
!

3#
2

51.

26
4

53.

26
4

O
!# ! #
2 !2
!3
!4
!5

y " 3 cos ! $ 2

#
2

3#
2

22
2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

395

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

7/24/02

Lesson 14-5

2:04 PM

Page 396 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

Sum and Difference of Angles Formulas


Pages 788790
2. Use the formula sin(" % #)
# sin " cos # % cos " sin #.
Since sin 105" #
sin(60" % 45"), replace "
with 60" and # with 45" to
get sin 60" cos 45" % cos 60"
sin 45". By finding the sum of
the products of the values,

1. sin (" % #) $ sin " % sin #


sin " cos # % cos " sin # '
sin " % #

the result is

26 % 22
4

or about 0.9659.
3. Sometimes; sample answer:
The cosine function can
equal 1.

4.

26 % 22
4

5.

26 $ 22
4

6.

22 $ 26
4

7.

23
2

8.

23
2

1
2

10. cos (270" $ !)

9. $

# cos 270" cos ! % sin 270" sin !


?

# 0 % ($1 sin !)
# $sin !
sin a! % b # cos !
!
2

11.
sin ! cos

!
2

% cos ! sin

!
2

12.

sin(! % 30") % cos(! % 60")

# sin ! cos 30" % cos ! cos 30" %

cos ! cos 60" $ sin ! sin 60"

# cos !

sin ! ! 0 % cos ! ! 1 # cos !


cos ! # cos !

23
sin !
2

1
cos
2
?

!$

1
2

% cos ! %

23
sin
2

1
2

1
2

# cos ! % cos !
# cos !

13.

5 $ 23
1 % 5 23

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

14.

396

22
2

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 397 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

15.

22 $ 26
4

16.

$ 26 $ 22
4

17.

$ 26 $ 22
4

18.

$ 26 $ 22
4

19.

$ 26 $ 22
4

20. $

21. $

22
2

22.

22
2

22 $ 26
4
23
2

23.

22
2

24. $

25.

22 $ 26
4

26.

27.

$ 26 $ 22
4

28. sin (270" $ !)

22
2

# sin 270" cos ! $ cos 270" sin !


?

# $1 cos ! $ 0
# $cos !
30. cos (90" $ !)

29. cos (90" % !)

# cos 90" cos ! $ sin 90" sin !

# 0 ! cos ! % 1 ! sin !
# sin !

# cos 90" cos ! $ sin 90" sin !

# 0 $ 1 sin !
# $sin !
31.

32.

sin(90" $ !) # cos !
sin 90" cos ! $ cos 90" sin !

sin 1! %
sin ! cos

# cos !

3!
2

3!
2
2

# $cos !

% cos ! sin

3!
2

# $cos !

sin ! ! 0 % cos !($1) # $cos !

1 ! cos ! $ 0 ! sin ! # cos !

cos ! $ 0 # cos !

0 % ($cos !) # $cos !

cos ! # cos !

$cos ! # $cos !

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

397

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

33.

7/24/02

2:04 PM

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34.

cos (! $ !) # $cos !
cos ! cos ! % sin ! sin !

cos(2! % !) # cos !
cos 2! cos ! $ [sin 2! sin !]

# cos !

# $cos !
?

$1 ! cos ! % 0 ! sin ! # $cos !


$cos ! # $cos !

1 ! cos ! $ [0 ! sin !] # cos !


?

1 ! cos ! $ 0 # cos !
cos ! # cos !
?

35.

36. sin (60" % !) % sin (60" $ !)

sin(! $ !) # sin !

# sin 60" cos ! % cos 60" sin !


% sin 60" cos ! $ cos 60" sin !

sin ! cos ! $ [cos ! sin !] # sin !


?

0 ! cos ! $ [$1 ! sin !] # sin !

0 $ [$sin !] # sin !
sin ! # sin !

23
2

23
2

cos ! %

cos ! $

1
2

1
2

sin ! %

sin !

# 23 cos !
37. sin a! % b $ cos a! % b
!
3

!
3
!
cos
6

!
6

38. sin ( " % #) sin ( " $ #)


# sin2 " $ sin2 #

!
3
!
sin
6

# sin ! cos % cos ! sin $


cos !

% sin !

23
sin ! %
cos
2
1
cos ! % sin !
2
1
? 1
# sin ! % sin !
2
2
1
#
2
?

!$

# (sin " cos # % cos " sin #)


(sin " cos # $ cos " sin #)
?

# sin2 " cos2 # $ cos2 " sin2 #

23
2

# sin2 "(1 $ sin2 #) $


(1 $ sin2 ") sin2 #
?

# sin2 " $ sin2 " sin2 # $

# sin !

sin2 # % sin2 " sin2 #


# sin2 " $ sin2 #

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

398

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 399 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

39.

40.
?

cos (" % #) #
?

cos (" % #) #

1 $ tan " tan #


sec " sec #
1

sin "

y " 10 sin (2t ! 30) $ 10 cos (2t $ 60)

sin #

$ cos " ! cos #


1
cos "

!180 !90

1
cos #

90

180 t

!2
!4

cos (" % #) #
sin "

1 $ cos " !
1
cos "

sin #
cos #

1
cos #

&

cos " cos #


cos " cos #

cos (" % #) #
cos " cos # $ sin " sin #
1

cos (" % #) # cos (" % #)


41. Destructive; the resulting
graph has a smaller
amplitude than the two initial
graphs.

42. 0.3681 E

43. 0.4179 E

44. 0.6157 E

45. 0.5563 E

46. tan (" % #)


#
#

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

399

sin(" % #)
cos(" % #)
sin " cos # % cos " sin #
cos " cos # $ sin " sin#

sin " cos #


cos " cos #
cos " cos #
cos " cos #

cos " sin #

tan " % tan #


1 $ tan " tan #

% cos " cos #


sin " sin #

$ cos " cos #

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 400 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

tan (" $ #)
#
#

sin(" $ #)
cos(" $ #)
sin " cos # $ cos " sin #
cos " cos # % sin " sin #

sin " cos #


cos " cos #
cos " cos #
cos " cos #

cos " sin #

tan " $ tan #


1 % tan " tan #

$ cos " cos #

47. Sample answer: To


determine communication
interference, you need to
determine the sine or cosine
of the sum or difference of
two angles. Answers should
include the following
information.
Interference occurs when
waves pass through the
same space at the same
time. When the combined
waves have a greater
amplitude, constructive
interference results and
when the combined waves
have a smaller amplitude,
destructive interference
results.

48. #A

49. C

50. cot ! % sec !


?

#
?

#
?

sin " sin #

% cos " cos #

cos2 ! % sin !
sin ! cos !
cos2 !
sin !
%
sin ! cos !
sin ! cos !
cos !
sin !

1
cos !

# cot ! % sec !

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

400

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 401 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

51. sin2 ! % tan2 !

52.

# (1 $ cos2 !) %
?

# sin2 ! %
?

# sin2 ! %
?

# sin2 ! %

sec2 !
csc2 !
1
cos2 !
sin2 !
cos2 !

sec2

!
csc !

sin ! (sin ! % csc !) # 2 $ cos2 !

sin2 ! % 1 # 2 $ cos2 !
)

1 $ cos2 ! % 1 # 2 $ cos2 !
2 $ cos2 ! # 2 $ cos2 !

1
sin2 !

# sin2 ! % tan2 !
53.
1
)
cos !
1
!
cos !

sec !
tan !
sin !
cos !
cos !
sin !
1
sin !

# csc !

54. 1

# csc !
?

# csc !
?

# csc !

csc ! # csc !
55. 4

56. sec !

57. 2 sec !

58. sin ! # $

3 234
,
34

cos ! #

5 234
,
34

csc ! # $
sec ! #
59.

4
5

3
5

sin ! # $ , cos ! # $ ,
4
3

5
3

234
,
5

5
4
3
4

61. 360

62. 3,991,680

63. 56

64. 210

65. about 228 mi

66.

2 25
2

5
3

cot ! # $

y2
34

x2
6

#1

3
5

67. (

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

234
,
3

60. sin ! # 1, cos ! # 0,


tan ! # undefined,
csc ! # 1, sec ! # undefined,
cot ! # 0

tan ! # , csc ! # $ ,
sec ! # $ , cot ! #

3
5

tan ! # $ ,

68. (
401

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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2:04 PM

Page 402 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

3
4

69. (

25
5

70. (

71. (

26
2

72. (

73. (

3 25
5

2 16$ 12
2

74. (

Lesson 14-6

22$2 12
2

Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas


Pages 794797

1. Sample answer: If x is in the


x
third quadrant, then is
2
between 90" and 135". Use
the half-angle formula for
cosine knowing that the
value is negative.

2. Sample answer: 45";


cos 2(45") # cos 90" or 0,

3. Sample answer: The identity


used for cos 2! depends on
whether you know the value
of sin !, cos !, or both values.

4.

24
,
25

6.

23 1 22 $ 13
, ,
,
2 2
2

5.

4 25
,
9

1 230
,
9
6

$ ,

2 cos 45" # 2 !

26
6

12
2

or 22

7 25 2 25
,
25 5
5

$ ,

22 % 13
2
3 27
,
8

7. $

1
8

$ ,

28 $ 2 17
,
4

9.

8. $
$

22 $ 13
2

28 % 2 17
4

22 $ 13
2

sin 2x
1 $ cos 2x

2 sin x cos x
1 $ (1 $ 2 sin2 x)

2 sin x cos x
2 sin2 x

cos x
sin x

10. cot x #
#
#
#

# cot x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

402

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 403 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

11. cos2 2x % 4 sin2 x cos2 x # 1

12. 1.64

cos2 2x % sin2 2x # 1
1#1
120 119 5 226 226
,
,
,
169 169
26
26

4 26
,
25

13. $
15.

4 22
,
9

7 26
,
9 3

$ ,

23
3

16.

3 255 23 28 $ 155
, ,
,
32
32
4

17. $
$
19.

24 7 3 210
, ,
,
25 25
10

18. $

17 215 221
,
18
6
6

$ ,

4 22 7 23 16 $ 4 13
, ,
9
9
6

21. $

23.

$ ,

215
,
8

215
5

210
10

7 210 26
,
8
4
4

$ ,

28 % 155
4

235
,
18

23 210
,
25
5

14. $

20.

120 119 5 226


,
,
,
169 169
26

22.

215 7
, ,
8
8

23 16 % 4 13
6

4 25
,
9

1 26 230
,
9 6
6

226
26

28 % 2 115
,
4

28 $ 2 115
4

4 221 17
, ,
5
25

24. $

$ ,

25 110 % 1210
,
10
25 110 $ 1210
10

25. $

22 % 13
2

26.

27. $

22 % 12
2

28. $

22 $ 13
2

30. $

22 $ 13
2

29.
31.

22 $ 12
2
?

sin 2x # 2 cot x sin2 x


cos x
?
2 sin x cos x # 2
! sin2 x
sin x
2 sin x cos x # 2 sin x cos x

22 $ 12
2

2 cos2

32.
2a(

x
2

# 1 % cos x

1 % cos x
b
2

1 % cos x
b
2

2a

# 1 % cos x
?

# 1 % cos x

1 % cos x # 1 % cos x

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

403

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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7/24/02

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Page 404 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

1
2

1
2

1
2

34. sin2 x # (1 $ cos2 x)

33.
?

sin4 x $ cos4 x # 2 sin2 x $ 1


(sin2 x $ cos2 x)(sin2 x % cos2 x)

sin2 x # [1 $ (1 $ 2 sin2 x)]

# 2 sin2 x $ 1
(sin2 x $ cos2 x) ! 1

sin2 x # (2 sin2 x)
sin2 x # sin2 x

# 2 sin2 x $ 1
[sin2 x $ (1 $ sin2 x)] ! 1
?

# 2 sin2 x $ 1
sin2 x $ 1 % sin2 x
?

# 2 sin2 x $ 1
2 sin2 x $ 1 # 2 sin2 x $ 1
tan2

35.

x
2

1 $ cos x
1 % cos x

1 $ cos x
1 % cos x

sin2 2
cos
a(

a(

2 x

36.

1 $ cos x 2
b
2
? 1 $ cos x
1 % cos x 2
b
2

1 $ cos x
1 % cos x

1
cos x
$
sin x cos x
sin x
1 $ cos2 x
sin x cos x
sin2 x
sin x cos x
sin x
cos x

# tan x
?

# tan x
?

# tan x

tan x # tan x

1 % cos x
1 $ cos x
1 % cos x

37. 46.3"

38.

1(
1*

39. 2 % 23

40.

2
g

1 $ cos L
1 % cos L

2
g

v 2 tan !(1 $ sin2 !)

2
g

v 2 tan ! cos2 !

2 2
v sin
g
v 2 sin 2!
g

#
#
#
404

1 $ cos L
1 % cos L

v 2 (tan ! $ tan ! sin2 !)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

# tan x

! cos !

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

41.

1
tan
4

7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 405 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

42.

2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
3# !#
2

!2

y " sin2 x
x

#
2

!1

1
!1.5
y " ! 2 cos 2x
!2

3#
2

y " !cos2 x

!2.5

Sample answer: They all


have the same shape and
are vertical translations of
each other.
!
2

43. The maxima occur at x # (


and

3!
( . The
2

44.

y
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5

minima occur

at x # 0, (! and (2!.

!270 !180 !90


!1
!1.5
!2
!2.5

y " sin 2x
x
O

90 180 270

45. The graph of f(x) crosses the


x-axis at the points specified
in Exercise 41.

46. c # 1 and d # 0.5

47. Sample answer: The sound


waves associated with music
can be modeled using
trigonometric functions.
Answers should include the
following information.
In moving from one
harmonic to the next, the
number of vibrations that
appear as sine waves
increase by 1.

48. D

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

405

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 406 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

The period of the function


as you move from the nth
harmonic to the (n % 1)th
harmonic decreases from
2!
2!
.
to
n

n%1

51.

26 $ 22
4

53. $
55.

26 % 22
4

50.

49. B

52. $

23
2

26 % 22
4

54.

1
2

22
2

56.
?

cot2 ! $ sin2 ! #

cos2 ! csc2 ! $ sin2 !


sin2 ! csc2 !
1

cot ! $ sin ! #

cos2 ! sin2 ! $ sin2 !


1

sin2 ! sin2 !

cot2 ! $ sin2 !
1
cot2 ! $ sin2 ! # cot2 ! $ sin2 !
?

cot2 ! $ sin2 ! #

58. 101 or 10

57. cos !(cos ! % cot !)


?

# cot ! cos !1sin ! % 12


?

cos !
cos ! sin ! % cot ! cos !
sin !

# cos2 ! % cot ! cos !


# cos !(cos ! % cot !)
59. 102.5 or about 316 times
greater

60. $6, 5

61. 1, $1

62. 0, $2

63.

5
,
2

1 1
2 2

64. $ ,

$2
1
2

65. 0, $

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

406

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 407 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

Chapter 14
Practice Quiz 2
Page 797
?

1. sin ! sec ! # tan !


sin ! !

1
!
cos
sin !
cos !

2.

sec ! $ cos ! # sin ! tan !


cos ! ?
1
$ cos ! !
# sin ! tan !
cos !
cos !
cos2 ! ?
1
$
# sin ! tan !
cos !
cos !
1 $ cos2 ! ?
# sin ! tan !
cos !
sin2 ! ?
# sin ! tan !
cos !
sin ! ?
# sin ! tan !
sin !
cos !
sin ! tan ! # sin ! tan !

4.

sin (90" % !) # cos !

# tan !
?

# tan !
?

tan ! # tan !

sin !(cos ! % 1)
cos !
sin
!
cos
! % sin !
?
sin ! % tan ! #
cos !
sin !
? sin ! cos !
sin ! % tan ! #
%
cos
cos !
sin ! % tan ! # sin ! % tan !

?
3. sin ! % tan ! #

sin 90" cos ! % cos 90" sin ! # cos !


?

cos ! % 0 # cos !
cos ! # cos !

3!
?
$ !b # $sin !
2
3!
3!
?
cos
cos ! % sin
sin ! # $sin !
2
2
cos a

5.

6. sin (! % 30") % cos (! % 60")


?

# (sin ! cos 30" % cos ! sin 30") %


(cos ! cos 60" $ sin ! sin 60")

0 % ($1 ! sin !) # $sin !

#a
?

$sin ! # $sin !

13
2

sin ! %

1
a cos
2
?

!$

1
2

1
2

cos !b %

13
2

sin !b

1
2

# cos ! % cos !
# cos !
7.

23
2

9.

22 $ 13
2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

9 282
82

8. $
10.

407

22 $ 12
2

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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7/24/02

2:04 PM

Lesson 14-7

Page 408 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

Solving Trigonometric Equations


Pages 802804
2. Sample answer: The function
is periodic with two solutions
in each of its infinite number
of periods.

1. Sample answer: If sec ! # 0


1
then
# 0. Since no value
cos !

of ! makes

1
cos !

# 0. there

are no solutions.
3. Sample answer: sin ! # 2

4. 60", 120", 240", 300"

5. 135", 225"

6.

7.

!
6

! ! 5! 3!
, , ,
6 2 6 2

8. 0 %

9. 0 % k!

2k!
3

10. 90" % k ! 360", 180" %


k ! 360"
12.

11. 60" % k ! 360", 300" % k ! 360"

7!
6

11!
6

% 2k!,

% 2k! or

210" % k ! 360", 330" %


k ! 360"
13.

!
6

% 2k!,

5!
6

% 2k!,

!
2

% 2k!

14. 31.3"

or 30" % k ! 360", 150" %


360", 90" % k ! 360"
15. 60", 300"

16. 240", 300"

17. 210", 330"

18. 30", 150", 210", 330"

19.

! 5! 3!
, ,
6 6 2

20.

!
2

21.

7! 11!
,
6
6

22.

! 3! 2! 4!
, , ,
2 2 3 3

23.

!
3

% 2k!,

5!
3

% 2k!

24. ! % 2k!,
5!
3

25.

2!
3

27.

!
3

% 2k!,

% 2k!,

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

4!
3

5!
3

% 2k!

!
3

% 2k!,

% 2k!

26. 0 % 2k!

% 2k!

28. 0 % k!,
408

!
6

% 2k!,

5!
6

% 2k!

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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2:04 PM

Page 409 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

29. 45" % k ! 180"

30. 0" % k ! 180"

31. 270" % k ! 360"

32. 30" % k ! 360",


150" % k ! 360"

33. 0" % k ! 180", 60" % k ! 180"

34. 120" % k ! 360",


240" % k ! 360"

!
3!
% 2k!, % 2k!
2
2

35. 0 % 2k!,

36.

7!
6

% 2k!,

11!
6

% 2k! or

210" % k ! 360",
330" % k ! 360"

or 0" % k ! 360", 90" % k ! 360",


270" % k ! 360"
38.

37. 0 % k! or 0" % k ! 180"

!
2

% k!,

2!
3

% 2k!,

4!
3

% 2k!

or 90" % k ! 180", 120" % k !


360", 240" % k ! 360"
39. 0 % 2k!,

!
3

% 2k!,

5!
3

40.

% 2!,

!
2

% 4k! or 90" % k ! 720"

or 0" % k ! 360", 60" % k !


360", 300" % k ! 360"
41. S #

352
tan !

43. y #

3
2

y
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
O
!1
!1

%
3

42. about 32"

or S # 352 cot !

3
2

44. 10

sin (!t)
3

y " 2 $ 2 sin (# t )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

46. Sample answer:


Temperatures are cyclic and
can be modeled by
trigonometric functions.
Answers should include the
following information.

45. (4.964, $0.598)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

409

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

PQ245-6457F-P14[369-410].qxd

7/24/02

2:04 PM

Page 410 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-14:

A temperature could occur


twice in a given period
such as when the
temperature rises in the
spring and falls in autumn.
47. D

48. B

49.

24 7 210 3 210
, ,
,
25 25 10
10

50.

1 1 23
23
,$ , ,
2
2 2 2

51.

5 211 7 23 233
, ,
,
18
18 6
6

52.

7 25 2 25
24
,$ ,
,
25
25 5
5

54.

22
2

53. $

23
2

55. b # 11.0, c # 12.2, m!C # 78

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

410

Algebra 2

Chapter 14

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