GSM Power Control Algorithm

Zte university

Brief Introduction

Rudiments of Power Control

ZTE Power Control Algorithms
Setting of Power Control Parameters
Application of Power Control

I. Rudiments of Power Control

1. What is power control? Why we carry out
power control?
2. Classification of power control
3. Difference among various kinds of power
control
4. Whats the main object of power control?
5. How to conduct power control?

1. What is power control? Why we carry out power

control?
What is power control?
Why should we carry out
power control?

Definition: Power control is to adjust the transmitting power of BTS

and MS according to real needs.
Base: result of UL/DL measurement
Goal: to lower transmitting power, reduce interference in the whole
network and power consumption, on condition that speech quality is
ensured.

2. Classification of power control

Ordinary power control

Rapid power control

3. Difference among various kinds of power control

Impose restrictions on the max transmitting power of MS or BTS at

OMCR

Under the non-idle mode, the network flexibly decides the

transmitting power of MS or BTS in a dynamic manner according to
radio environment.

Adopt fixed step to adjust power.

Adopt non-fixed step to adjust power, i.e. to settle power adjustment

at one go.

CS power
control

Power control in CS service.

PS power
control

Power control in PS service.

Static power
control
Dynamic
power control

Ordinary power
control
Rapid power
control

4.Whats the main body of power control?

The main object of power control: TS and MS

Power control is directed at single subscribers, so the main object

of UL power control is single MS; for DL, its some timeslot (ST) in
the BTS used by the MS, Note its not the whole carrier.

Itsstipulated
stipulatedininthe
theprotocol
protocolthat
thatthe
thetransmission
transmissionmust
mustbe
beperformed
performedatat
Its
fullpower
poweron
onthe
thecarrier
carrierofofBCCH,
BCCH,so
soonly
onlyUL
ULdynamic
dynamicpower
powercontrol
control
full
(notDL
DLdynamic
dynamicpower
powercontrol)
control)can
canbe
becarried
carriedout
outon
onthe
thecarrier
carrierofof
(not
BCCH.
BCCH.

5.How to conduct power control?

Collection of MS/BTS
measurement reports

Weighted average of MRs

If the average satisfies
conditions of power control
decision?
Yes

No

Save the average

Condition for power

increase is satisfied

Condition for power

maintenance is satisfied

Condition for power

decrease is satisfied

Increase MS/BTS
transmitting power

Maintain MS/BTS
transmitting power

Decrease MS/BTS
transmitting power

II. ZTE Power Control Algorithms

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

What power control algorithms are supported in ZTE systems?

What features do ZTE power control algorithms have?
What is sliding-window averaging?
What is Rapid averaging?
How is the initial state of ZTE power control algorithms defined?
How is the stable state of ZTE power control algorithms defined ?
Whats the relation between the initial state and stable state of ZTE power control alg
orithms?
In which network element is ZTE power control realized?
How is measurement reports processed in ZTE power control algorithms?
How to judge conditions for power increase/decrease in ZTE power control algorithms
?
How to decide power increase/decrease value in ZTE power control algorithms (I)?
How to decide power increase/decrease value in ZTE power control algorithms (II)?
How to decide power increase/decrease value in ZTE power control algorithms (III)?
How to decide power increase/decrease value in ZTE power control algorithms (IV)?
Why bySub is introduced for the initial state of ZTE power control algorithms?
How is power control result measured in ZTE systems?

1. What power control algorithms are supported in

ZTE systems?

UL and DL
Rapid power
control are not
discriminated in
version 6.20
and previous
ones.

2. What features do ZTE power control algorithms

have?

3. What is sliding-window averaging?

Definition:during
duringaveraging
averagingofofmeasurement
measurementreports,
reports,when
whennumber
numberofofMR
MR
Definition:
reachesthe
thewindow
windowsize
size(suppose
(supposeits
its4),
4),calculate
calculatethe
thefirst
first44MRs
MRsand
andget
getthe
the
reaches
firstaverage
averagevalue;
value;then
thencalculate
calculateMR
MRno.2
no.2-5
-5and
andget
getthe
thesecond
secondaverage
average
first
value;and
andso
soon.
on.Advantage:
Advantage:ititcan
caneffectively
effectivelydisperse
dispersethe
theinfluence
influenceofofsignal
signal
value;
fluctuation.
fluctuation.

Disadvantage:itittakes
takesquite
quiteaabit
bitofoftime
timetotoget
getthe
thefirst
firstaverage.
average.
Disadvantage:

4. What is Rapid averaging?

Definition:during
duringaveraging
averagingofofmeasurement
measurementreports,
reports,which
whichisisnot
notrestricted
restrictedby
by
Definition:
averagewindow,
window,the
thefirst
firstaverage
averagevalue
valueisisobtained
obtainedwhen
whenthe
thefirst
firstMR
MRisissubmitted;
submitted;
average
andthe
thesecond
secondaverage
averagevalue
valueisisobtained
obtainedby
bycalculating
calculatingthe
thefirst
firstand
andsecond
secondMRs;
MRs;
and
whennumber
numberofofMRs
MRsreaches
reachesthe
thewindow
windowsize,
size,rapid
rapidaveraging
averagingisisconverted
convertedtoto
when
sliding-windowaveraging.
averaging.
sliding-window
Advantage:ititreduces
reducesthe
thetime
timefor
fortriggering
triggeringthe
thefirst
firstpower
powercontrol.
control.
Advantage:
Disadvantage:its
itsreliability
reliabilityisisaabit
bitlow,
low,as
asthere
thereare
arefewer
fewersamples
samplesofofMRs
MRs
Disadvantage:
participatingininthe
thedecision.
decision.
participating

5. How is the initial state of ZTE power control algorithms

defined?
WhenMS
MSinitially
initiallyaccesses
accessesinto
intochannel
channel(SDCCH
(SDCCHor
orTCH),
TCH),
When
thepower
powercontrol
controlstatus
statusititenters
entersisisreferred
referredas
asinitial
initialstate.
state.
the
Featuresofofthis
thisstate:
state:
Features
Thereisisaabig
bigdifference
differencebetween
betweenthe
themax
maxtransmitting
transmittingpower
powerMS
MSinitially
initiallyuses
uses
There
andthat
thatactually
actuallyneeded.
needed.
and
producesheavy
heavyinfluence
influenceon
onMS
MSusing
usingother
otherchannels.
channels.
ItItproduces
Thereisisdramatic
dramaticadjustment
adjustmenton
onMS
MSand
andBTS
BTSpower
powerranks,
ranks,so
sothere
therewill
willbe
bebig
big
There
changeson
onMS
MSand
andBTS
BTSpower.
power.
changes
Usuallyititneeds
needsseveral
severalconsecutive
consecutivetimes
timesofofrapid
rapidpower
poweradjustment.
adjustment.
Usually

Featuresofofpower
powercontrol
controlalgorithm
algorithmatatthis
thisstate:
state:
Features
Performpower
powercontrol
controldecision
decisiontotoeach
eachMR,
MR,adjust
adjustMS
MSand
andBTS
BTSpower
power
Perform
rankand
andmake
makeititreach
reachthe
thedemanded
demandedlevel
leveland
andquality
qualityininthe
theshortest
shortest
rank
time.
time.

6. How is the stable state of ZTE power control

algorithms defined?

Afterexperiencing
experiencingthe
thedramatic
dramaticadjustment
adjustmentofofpower,
power,MS
MSreaches
reachesthe
therequested
requestedUL
UL
After
leveland
andquality
qualityand
andenters
entersaarelatively
relativelystable
stablesituation,
situation,which
whichisiscalled
calledstable
stablestate.
state.
level
Conditionsfor
forMS
MSentering
enteringstable
stablestate
statefrom
frominitial
initialstate
state(either
(either11oror22isisacceptable):
acceptable):
Conditions
Condition1:1:ininmost
mostcases,
cases,MS
MSpower
powertakes
takesdownward
downwardmodulation
modulationinininitial
initialstate;
state;ifif
Condition
stopsdownward
downwardmodulation
modulationfor
forN1
N1times,
times,its
itssupposed
supposedtotohave
haveentered
enteredstable
stablestate.
state.
ititstops
Condition2:2:when
whenthe
thenumber
numberofofmeasurement
measurementreports
reportsreceived
receivedreaches
reachesN2,
N2,MS
MS
Condition
directlyenters
entersstable
stablestate.
state.
directly

Explanationson
onN1/N2
N1/N2value:
value:
Explanations
Principle:N1<N2
Principle:N1<N2
Recommendedvalue:
value:N1-4,
N1-4,N2-11
N2-11
Recommended
N1and
andN2
N2not
notonly
onlycan
canbe
beset
setsome
somefixed
fixedvalue
valueaccording
accordingtototest
testresult,
result,but
butalso
alsocan
can
N1
beconfigured
configuredatatOMCR;
OMCR;ininorder
ordertotomaintain
maintainthe
thecompatibility
compatibilityofofOMCR,
OMCR,currently
currently
be
N1and
andN2
N2are
areset
setthe
thedefault
defaultvalue,
value,and
andthey
theycan
canbe
beadjusted
adjustedthrough
throughhyper-terminal.
hyper-terminal.
N1

7. Whats the relation between the initial state and

stable
state of ZTE power control algorithms?

WhenMS
MSenters
entersinitial
initialstate
state
When
powercontrol,
control,ititquickly
quickly
ofofpower
adjustsits
itspower
powerup
uptoto
adjusts
demand;
demand;

WhenMS
MSpower
powerstops
stops
When
downwardmodulation
modulationfor
for
downward
N1times,
times,or
orwhen
whennumber
number
N1
receivedMRs
MRsreaches
reaches
ofofreceived
N2,MS
MSenters
entersstable
stablestate;
state;
N2,

Initialstate
stateand
andstable
stablestate
state
Initial
adoptdifferent
differentpower
power
adopt
controlstrategies.
strategies.
control

8. In which network element is ZTE power control

realized?

ZTEsystem,
system,power
powercontrol
controlisisrealized
realizedininBTS,
BTS,which
whichmasters
mastersUL/DL
UL/DLdynamic
dynamicpower
power
InInZTE
controland
andreports
reportsthe
theresults
resultstotoBSC
BSCatatcertain
certainintervals,
intervals,so
sothat
thatBSC
BSCcan
cancollect
collect
control
relatedperformance
performancestatistics.
statistics.Refer
Refertotothe
thefollowing
followingfigure
figurefor
forthe
thelogical
logicallocation
locationofof
related
powercontrol
controlelements.
elements.
power

9. How is measurement reports processed in ZTE

power control algorithms?

10. How to judge conditions for power

increase/decrease in ZTE power control algorithms?
LEVELCAUSE = 2

LEVELCAUSE = 0

LEVELCAUSE = 1
LEVEL
CAUSE
0
0

QUAL
CAUSE
0
1

1
1
1

0
1
2

2
2
2

0
1
2

RESULT
POWER_STAY
DECREASE_BYQUALIT
Y
INCREASE_BYQUALIT
Y
INCREASE_BYLEVEL QUALCAUSE = 1
INCREASE_BYLEVEL
INCREASE_
QUALCAUSE = 0
BYQUALITY
DECREASE_BYLEVEL
QUALCAUSE = 2
DECREASE_BYLEVEL
INCREASE_BYQUALIT
Y

11. How to decide power increase/decrease value in

ZTE power control algorithms (I)?

12. How to decide power increase/decrease value of

in ZTE power control algorithms (II)?

Power control in initial state:

With the aim to carry out power control effectively, whether power is to increase or
decrease, the step shall be the one set for power decrease, which shall be fixed.

1 MS power increase:
a)

UL signal is bad, and no MS MR is received. If the difference between the MS power value
(computed through the current power control) and the last valid MS power value exceeds
8dbm, then the current power control decision is valid, and MS power increase shall be
continued;

b)

UL signal is good, MS MR is received by BTS; DL signal is bad, the power control value
hasnt effectively controlled MS power, and the difference (bySub) exceeds 8dbm, then
power control shall not be imposed on MS any more;

2 MS power decrease:
Regardless whether BTS has received MS UL MR or not, once the difference is less than
8dbm, power control shall not be imposed on MS;
3 As in BTS power measurement, the power adjustment benchmark value shall be the power
rank value of current BTS transmitting signal, and the calculation method is the same as
that of power control in stable state.

13. How to decide power increase/decrease value in

ZTE power control algorithms (III)?

Rapidpower
powercontrol:
control:power
powerincrease/decrease
increase/decreaseininrapid
rapidpower
powercontrol
controlshall
shallbe
becarried
carriedout
out
Rapid
accordingtotothe
thefollowing
followingcriteria.
criteria.For
Forlevel-related
level-relatedpower
powerincrease/decrease
increase/decreasecontrol,
control,specific
specific
according
conditionsare
areneeded
neededinindecision;
decision;ififthe
theconditions
conditionsare
arenot
notsatisfied,
satisfied,use
usethe
theordinary
ordinarypower
power
conditions
controlmethod.
method.
control

14. How to decide power increase/decrease value in

ZTE power control algorithms (IV)?

Graphof
ofUL
UL
Graph
ordinary
ordinary
powercontrol:
control:
power

GraphofofUL
UL
Graph
ordinarypower
power
ordinary
controlwith
with
control
rapidaveraging
averaging
rapid
adopted:
adopted:

GraphofofUL
UL
Graph
rapidpower
power
rapid
control:
control:

15. Why bySub is introduced for the initial state of

ZTE power control algorithms?

Aftersending
sendingnew
newpower
powerrank
ranktotoMS,
MS,itittakes
takesan
aninterval
intervalofofatatleast
leastthree
threeMRs
MRs
After
forBTS
BTStotoreceive
receiveMS
MSpower
powerrank
rankreport,
report,which
whichmakes
makesititunable
unabletotomeet
meetthe
the
for
requirementfor
foreach
eachMR
MRtotoadjust
adjustthe
thelast
lastsent
sentpower
powercontrol
control
requirement
value(byMSpowerSet)
byMSpowerSet)by
by2dB
2dBininthe
theinitial
initialstate
stateofofpower
powercontrol.
control.
value(

variablebySub
bySubisisintroduced,
introduced,which
whichrepresents
representsthe
thedifference
differencebetween
betweenthe
the
AAvariable
powercontrol
controlvalue
valuetotobe
besent
sentand
andthe
thecurrently
currentlyreceived
receivedpower
powervalue,
value,whose
whose
power
limitisis8dbm.
8dbm.
limit

16. How is power control result measured in ZTE

systems?
BTS reports power control results to BSC for
performance statistics. Reporting period is
controlled by PwrCtrlReportPrd (SACCH multiframe) .
ZTE power control statistics are in collected in
BTS measurement tasks, including cause and
times of power control. For details, please refer to
the fascicule of performance counters in attached
manuals.

III

Setting of Power Control Parameters

1. What are the general cares of setting power
control parameters?
2. Recommended values of power control
parameters
3. What factors influence the speed of dynamic
power control?

1. What are the general cares of setting power

control parameters?

2. Recommended values of power control parameters

Therecommended
recommendedvalues
valuesare
arefor
forreference,
reference,please
pleasemake
make
The
appropriateadjustment
adjustmentaccording
accordingtotoactual
actualnetwork
networksituations.
situations.
appropriate
Parameter

Average window size

UL/DL RQ increase threshold
UL/DL RQ increase P/N value
UL/DL RQ decrease threshold
UL/DL RQ decrease P/N value
UL/DL level increase /
decrease threshold
UL/DL level increase /
decrease P/Nvalue
Increase step
Decrease step
Rapid averaging
Rapid power control
Power decrease limit
Power control min interval
MS min power rank
BS min power rank

Recommended value
6.20.101e &subsequent
6.20.101e&subsequent
versions
versions
4
4
3
2
2/3
2/3
1
0
2/3
2/3
default

default

2/3

2/3

4db
4db
2db
2db
Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
10 8 6 4 2 2
default
22
1
0
18 900M 14 1800
18 900M 14 1800M)
M)
15(900M) 14 1800M 15(900M) 14 1800M

3. What factors influence the speed of dynamic

power control?

IV

Application of Power Control

1. In which circumstances can power control be
applied?
2. Which KPIs will be influenced by power
control?
3. In which aspects will power control influence
subscribers satisfaction?

1. In which circumstances can power control be

applied?

NormallyUL
ULordinary
ordinarypower
powercontrol
controlisisenabled,
enabled,other
otherpower
powercontrol
controltypes
types
Normally
aremainly
mainlyapplied
appliedininareas
areaswith
withdense
densesites,
sites,which
whichcan
canhelp
helpreduce
reduce
are
interference.The
Thefollowing
followingtable
tableisisfor
forreference.
reference.
interference.

2. Which KPIs will be influenced by power control?

Power control influences transmitting power, which may impose some negative
effects on the level of coverage, and result in dramatic decrease in the proportion
of level above -75dbm.

3. In which aspects will power control influence

subscribers satisfaction?