Landing Gear & Braking System
Landing Gear & Braking System
Landing Gear & Braking System
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CODDE 1
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DGT91832
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CODDE 1
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GENERAL
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INTRODUCTION
The Falcon 900EX EASy has a retractable tricycle landing gear consisting of two dual tire
main gears and one dual tire nose gear.
Each landing gear strut is equipped with dual radial tires.
Each main landing gear wheel houses a carbon brake assembly.
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GENERAL
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GENERAL
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SOURCES
In normal operation, landing gear is electrically controlled from the pilot station and
hydraulically actuated.
In emergency mode, landing gear is actuated only by hydraulic power. In free fall mode,
landing gear extends by gravity.
Braking system control and interfaces are provided through the brake pedals and parking
brake handle.
Normal braking system needs:
-
hydraulic power to activate the Nose Wheel Steering system and the pistons of the brake
units.
BSCU 1: A2 bus
HYDRAULIC
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GENERAL
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DESCRIPTION
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LANDING GEAR
MAIN GEAR
Each main landing gear primarily consists of a shock strut barrel housing a shock absorber
(lower unit). The shock absorber is equipped with the axle, wheels and brake assemblies
and is connected to the barrel with scissor links.
The design is optimized for maximum thermal performance and includes a deep draw
conical wheel web for maximum brake energy.
The outboard end of each wheel hub is equipped with a drive cap carrying a drive blade
which engages and drives the braking control system tachometer which is housed within the
hollow axle.
Each main gear also features two flight/ground proximity sensors and two wheel speed
transducers (dual channels) for the brake anti-skid system, one driven by each main wheel.
When extended, the main gear is downlocked by an integral lock in the gear actuator and by
continuously applied hydraulic pressure. When retracted, the gear is uplocked by
mechanical lock units that are mechanically locked and hydraulically unlocked in the normal
and emergency operating modes and mechanically unlocked in the free fall extension mode.
Each main gear is enclosed at retraction with a main door and a fairing door.
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DESCRIPTION
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DESCRIPTION
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NOSEWHEEL STEERING
The Nose Wheel Steering system features a hydraulically actuated rack-and-pinion steering
actuator within the inner barrel to provide steering motion.
Nosewheel steering system uses HYD 1 system.
The steering system can be disconnected to tow the airplane.
For more information, refer to the Ground Servicing manual (DGT616).
The steering handwheel is located on the left console. When manually rotated, the
handwheel actuates a control potentiometer to provide steering signals through a Printed
circuit Board (PCB) to the torque motor of the steering assembly. The handwheel must be
depressed to unlock and energize the steering selector valve.
The nosewheels are steered from 0 to 60 on each side and are equipped with a centering
system allowing the wheel centering for retraction and extension.
Antishimmy protection is provided by hydraulic damping independently from any pilot action
on the steering system. If shimmy occurs, the pilot can push on the control wheel to restore
hydraulic pressure in the nose wheel steering system.
A slide valve selector, mechanically actuated by gear retraction, prevents inadvertent
steering in flight.
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DESCRIPTION
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DESCRIPTION
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DESCRIPTION
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DESCRIPTION
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BRAKES
Each brake consists of a brake housing assembly (hydraulic supply) and a carbon composite
hot section (heat sink). It is a three pair carbon brake assembly. The brakes are equipped with
two sets of pistons working at the same time.
The pilot pedals act on two dual channel transducers; the copilot pedals are mechanically
linked to pilot pedals.
BRAKING SYSTEM
General
The basic task of the Brake Control System is:
- to control hydraulic pressure on the airplane brakes as a function of brake pedal
position,
- to provide anti-skid protection to prevent deep tire skidding and minimize stopping
distance.
- The braking system provides two modes of operation:
- a normal mode, controlled by the brake pedals, which provides differential and
progressive braking with anti-skid capability. This mode uses two laws: an
acceleration feedback law and a pressure feedback law.
- an emergency mode, controlled by the park brake handle, which provides nondifferential braking without anti-skid function.
Principle
The braking system uses brake pedal position transducers (electrical signals: brakingby-wire) and main wheel speeds supplied by tachometer generators.
The brake pedal position is converted in a deceleration rate, which is compared with the
wheel deceleration rate to provide a brake pressure command.
If a wheel is detected by the BSCU as entering a skid condition, brake pressure is
released on this wheel to avoid the skid condition while maintaining maximum
commanded brake pressure.
The anti-skid system cannot be controlled by the pilot.
Normal braking is provided by two channels which are electrically and hydraulically
independent:
- channel 1 is controlled by BSCU 1, powered by the A2 bus and uses HYD 1 system,
- channel 2 is controlled by BSCU 2, powered by the B2 bus, and uses HYD 2 system.
In case of failure of one of the two channels (due to either an electrical or a hydraulic
failure), the other system remains available and can provide braking and anti-skid
functions.
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DESCRIPTION
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If a failure occurs in both systems, the park brake handle can be used to stop the
airplane.
Even in case of total loss of hydraulic pressure, the back-up braking system can be used
because it is fitted with a dedicated accumulator.
When the accumulator pressure is less than 1,900 psi, the BRAKE ACCU
CAS message appears and the park brake can be applied six times at least.
The back-up system does not provide anti-skid protection.
Automatic airbrakes extension
The braking system also provides signals for automatic airbrake activation.
The automatic mode commands automatic extension of airbrakes at touchdown and
during rejected take-off. This feature can be disarmed by the crew if necessary by
pressing the AUTO EXT pushbutton on the overhead panel.
For more information, refer to CODDE 1 / Chapter 02 / ATA 27.
The purpose of this automatic function is to:
- enhance overall braking action during landing or rejected take-off,
- cancel potential bounces after touchdown.
The operation of this automatic mode depends on landing and rejected take-off logic
elaborated by BSCU computers.
Brake temperature
BSCU computers monitor the individual wheel brake temperatures.
NOTE
The brake temperature is measured from 0 to 1,100C. The accuracy of the
measurement is of 25C below 665C and of 50C from 665C to 1,100C.
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DESCRIPTION
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ANTI-SKID CONTROL
General
Anti-skid control modulates brake pressure as required to prevent deep tire skidding and
achieve maximum braking effectiveness.
The Brake Control System (BCS) is tuned to attenuate signals occurring at resonating
frequencies of the landing gear.
Control of wheel skid is done by the BSCU with inputs from:
- wheel speed tachometers (one per wheel, i.e. two per leg),
- AHRS or IRS (which compute airplane ground speed and deceleration).
The difference between these two values gives the wheel skid.
As a wheel begins to enter a skid condition, the BSCU commands the brake control valve
to limit brake pressure as necessary to:
- avoid skidding,
- maintain maximum commanded braking.
If the wheel does not skid, there is no brake release order and the brake pressure
corresponds to the pedal position.
If the wheel skids but is not blocked, a brake release order is computed. If the wheel is
blocked, a total brake release order is sent.
Tire burst
The braking system is protected against tire burst and tachometer failure. When a tire
bursts, the corresponding wheel is no longer in contact with the ground. Its speed is thus
considered as nil. A brake release order is then sent to the landing gear leg resulting in a
complete loss of braking efficiency on the relevant landing gear. After 0.4 sec of complete
brake release on a wheel (or in the event of tachometer failure), the brake release order
relative to the burst tire is gradually suppressed. The system only takes into account the
remaining wheel speed.
Aquaplaning safety
If the wheel speed does not increase after touchdown, the aquaplaning safety mode
inhibits braking.
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DESCRIPTION
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PARKING BRAKE
The parking brake is designed to:
- keep the airplane at rest for parking purposes (handle in intermediate position),
- slow down and stop the airplane in case of normal brake failure,
- keep the airplane at rest on a dry, level runway with one engine at maximum thrust and
the others at idle thrust (handle in fully pulled position).
It is supplied by the HYD 2 system and is equipped with a dedicated accumulator. The
accumulator pressure is checked by a pressure sensor. When accumulator pressure is less
than 1,900 psi, the BRAKE ACCU
CAS message appears and a minimum of
six park brake applications are still available.
In addition, after a 24 hour period without being re-pressurized, the park brake can be either
applied or released and reapplied and provide sufficient brake pressure (800 psi minimum)
to park the airplane.
The braking pressure is progressive and depends on handle position. It is not differential
and does not include any anti-skid device.
NOTE
The ground run-up with two engines at full power is held by the normal braking system
(pedals), with the two systems operating.
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DESCRIPTION
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DISTRIBUTION
The two hydraulic systems power the following items:
HYD 1 system supplies:
-
No 1 brake system,
No 2 brake system,
park brake,
airbrakes.
The landing gear carbon disk brakes are powered independently by the two hydraulic
systems.
HYD 2 system provides back-up braking with an accumulator for emergency braking.
For more information, refer to CODDE 1 / Chapter 02 / ATA 29.
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DESCRIPTION
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CONTROL
FRONT PANEL
PARK BRAKE
HANDLE
GEAR HANDLE
EMER PULL
GEAR HANDLE
FLOOR
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SYNTHETIC TABLE
CONTROL
FUNCTION
TO ACTIVATE
SYNOPTIC
TO DEACTIVATE
UP
until airplane reaches:
18,500 ft climbing,
18,000 ft descending
displayed above
18,000 / 18,500 ft
Inadvertent retraction on
the ground is prevented
by a spring-loaded locking
pin that holds the handle
down
DOWN
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CONTROL
FUNCTION
TO ACTIVATE
TO DEACTIVATE
Actuates emergency
gear extension.
No sequencing is
performed and the
doors remain open
For gear extension
only
To activate: push
the yellow part to
unlock then pull
the handle
Provide manual
unlocking of the gears
and the main gear
inner doors for free fall
emergency extension
(gravity extension)
To activate: raise
the cover and pull
the handle
Provides steering
signals to the nose
landing gear
SYNOPTIC
No associated synoptic
to set to first
detent, pull the
handle to the stop
to set to second
detent, push the
unlock button and
pull the handle
fully
To activate the
steering before
turning, the
handwheel needs
to be pushed in
No associated
synoptic
No associated synoptic
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INDICATION
GEAR STATUS
Gear and configuration indications can be found on PDU, in the right upper side of the the
HSI window.
L/G configuration
indication
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NORMAL STATUS
GEAR UP
When the airplane is in a clean configuration (all gear up, SF 0 and airbrakes in) for more
than 10 sec, a GEAR UP annunciation is displayed and the gear symbol is removed.
The GEAR UP indication is no longer displayed when the altitude on the pilot flying side
is above 18,500 ft if climbing and above 18,000 ft if descending.
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ABNORMAL STATUS
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REMINDER STATUS
GEAR UP
Approach conditions are fulfilled. Gear is up and locked, gear doors are closed. In this
case, aural warning and gear handle light are activated.
SEQUENCE
Nose, left or
right gear
uplocked and
doors closed.
Gear in transit
and doors
open.
Gear
downlocked
and doors open
during transit.
Left or right
gear
downlocked
and doors
closed.
Nose gear
downlocked
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INVALID DATA
BRAKE TEMPERATURE
Brake temperatures are displayed in ENG-TRM-BRK window:
- Left outboard brake temperature
- Left inboard brake temperature
- Right inboard brake temperature
- Right outboard brake temperature
Brake
temperature
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SYSTEM PROTECTION
ISSUE 4
INTRODUCTION
The landing gear and braking system are protected by circuit breakers.
The wheels are protected against overheat and overpressure.
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
The circuit protection is provided by conventional trip-free circuit breakers located above the
overhead panel.
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SYSTEM PROTECTION
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WHEELS
The main wheels incorporate:
-
fourteen large ventilation holes to promote increased air circulation for cooling,
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NORMAL OPERATION
ISSUE 4
INTRODUCTION
In the following, typical ground and in-flight situations have been selected to help the crew to
understand the symbols provided in the various panels and display.
GROUND OPERATION
AIRPLANE ON THE GROUND, PARKING BRAKE APPLIED
CONTROL POSITION
Landing gear handle down
Parking brake applied
RESULT
Gear down "THREE GREEN"
PARK BRAKE ON
in CAS area
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NORMAL OPERATION
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IN-FLIGHT OPERATION
CONTROL POSITION
RESULT
Gear up and doors closed
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ABNORMAL OPERATION
ISSUE 4
INTRODUCTION
In the following, abnormal situations have been selected to help the crew to understand the
symbols provided in the various panels and displays.
CONTEXT
RESULT
Gear handle flashing
CAS message
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ABNORMAL OPERATION
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ACTION
RESULT
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ABNORMAL OPERATION
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CAS MESSAGES
CAS MESSAGE
DEFINITION
NO TAKE-OFF
ANTISKID .. FAIL
BRAKE ACCU
BRAKE PRESS
BRAKE .. FAIL
FAULT CODE
LANDING GEAR
LANDING GEAR NOT UP
FAULT CODE
PARK BRAKE ON
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ABNORMAL OPERATION
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