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Lecture 02 - August 02 - 2013 History of Real Time Systems: Computer

This document discusses the history and classification of real-time systems. It defines a real-time system as one where the time at which output is produced is significant, as the output must relate to physical movements in the world. Real-time systems are classified as industrial systems with feedback and feedforward loops, real-time programs where logical and time correctness is important, and clock-based or event-based tasks depending on if tasks are periodic or triggered by asynchronous events. Real-time systems typically connect computers to external processes and devices to receive and send stimuli on different timescales.

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31 views

Lecture 02 - August 02 - 2013 History of Real Time Systems: Computer

This document discusses the history and classification of real-time systems. It defines a real-time system as one where the time at which output is produced is significant, as the output must relate to physical movements in the world. Real-time systems are classified as industrial systems with feedback and feedforward loops, real-time programs where logical and time correctness is important, and clock-based or event-based tasks depending on if tasks are periodic or triggered by asynchronous events. Real-time systems typically connect computers to external processes and devices to receive and send stimuli on different timescales.

Uploaded by

soumya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 02 August 02 2013

History of Real Time Systems


The earliest real time systems using computers are given below. It shows
a computer in both the feedback and feed forward loops.
Industrial
Plant

Computer

Means of
Quality
Measurement

Reference
Fig: A Real Time System Example

Definition of Real Time System


Real time processing requires both
a) Parallel activities
b) Fast response
Any system in which the time at which the output is produced is
significant. This is because the input corresponded to some movement in
the physical world and the output has to relate to the same movement.
The lag from input time to output time must be sufficiently small for
acceptable timeliness.

Real Time Program

A program for which the correctness of operation depends both on the


logical results of the computation and time at which the results
resu are
produced.

Classification of Real Time Systems

A common feature of real time systems and embedded computers is that


the computer is connected to the environment within which it is working
by wide range of interactive devices and receives and sends a variety of
stimuli.

Fig. Real Time System Example using External Processors

Physical devices are connected to a processor which is external to the


computer and operated at their own time scale. Synchronization between
the external processes and internal action of computer is carried out in
passage of time.

Other category interactive in which the relationship between the external


process and computer are loosely defined. The control tasks not
obviously and loosely connected also performs in real-time.
Clock-based Tasks (Cyclic Periodic)
Clock based tasks are typically referred to as cyclic or periodic tasks
where the terms can imply either the task is carried out once per time
period T or is to run at exactly T unit intervals.
The completion of the operations within the specified time is dependent
on the number of operations to be performed and speed of the computer.
Synchronization is carried out by real time clock.
Event Based Tasks
Events occurring at non-deterministic interval and event based tasks are
frequently referred to as aperiodic tasks. Such tasks may have deadlines
expressed in term of having start time or finish time or both. A task may
be required to start within 0.5 seconds of an event occurring or 0.5
seconds after the event.

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