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Probability Topic

This document defines probability and provides examples of calculating probability. It discusses how probability can range from 0 to 1, with 0 being an impossible event and 1 being a certain event. It also covers counting rules for multiplication, permutation, and combination and provides examples of calculating each. The key information is that probability is a measure of likelihood of an event between 0 and 1, and examples are given of calculating probability using counting rules for different scenarios.

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Muhammad Waseem
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68 views13 pages

Probability Topic

This document defines probability and provides examples of calculating probability. It discusses how probability can range from 0 to 1, with 0 being an impossible event and 1 being a certain event. It also covers counting rules for multiplication, permutation, and combination and provides examples of calculating each. The key information is that probability is a measure of likelihood of an event between 0 and 1, and examples are given of calculating probability using counting rules for different scenarios.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Waseem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBABILITY

DEFINITION:
A probability is a measure of the likelihood that an event
in the future will happen. It can only assume a value
between 0 and 1.
It can be calculate by using the following formula:

Probability
If the probability of an event occurring is 0, then
it is an impossible event means it will never
happen.
If the probability of an event occurring is 1, then
it is a certain event, means it will definitely
happen.

Probability
EXAMPLE:
six faced cubical dice is thrown once, what is the
probability of getting an even number?

SOLUTION:
Number of possible outcomes= 6 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Number of targeted outcomes (even numbers)= 3 {2, 4,
6}

COUNTING RULE
(1)
MULTIPLICATION

Counting RuleMultiplication
If an operation can

be performed in n1 ways, if for


each of these a second operation can be performed
in n2 ways, third operation can be performed in n3
ways and so on, then the sequence of k operations
can be performed in n 1 .n 2 . n 3 ..n k ways.

Note:

P = n1 n2
n3. nk

Every event should be different or independent with


each other.

Counting Rule- Multiplication


EXAMPLE:
There are three boys in a class. In how many
ways they can sit if there is no restrictions?

SOLUTION:
P= n1 n2 n3
P= (3) (2) (1)
P= 6 ways.

COUNTING RULE
(2) PERMUTATION

Counting Rule- Permutation


A permutation is any arrangement of r objects
selected from n possible objects. The order of
arrangement is important in permutations.
The formula for calculating permutation is:

Counting Rule- Permutation


EXAMPLE:
2 markers are drawn from 3 markers. Find the number
of permutations that can be possible?

SOLUTION:
n=3
r= 2
The total number of sample points is

COUNTING RULE
(3) COMBINATION

ounting Rule- Combination


A combination is the number of ways to choose r
objects from a group of n objects without regard to
order.
Because the order of the subgroup doesnt matter, the
combination solutions will be fewer than the
permutation solutions and will be expressed by the
following formula:

ounting Rule- Combination


EXAMPLE:
From 4 Republicans and 3 Democrats find the number of
committees of 3 that can be formed with 2 Republican
and 1 Democrat.

SOLUTION:
The number of ways of selecting 2 Republicans from 4 is

PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
(1) BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

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