Elements of a Protocol
Implementation
Outline
Service Interface
Process Model
Common Subroutines
Example Protocol
Spring 2001
CS 461
Socket API
Creating a socket
int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
domain = PF_INET, PF_UNIX
type = SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW
Passive Open (on server)
int bind(int socket, struct sockaddr *addr, int addr_len)
int listen(int socket, int backlog)
int accept(int socket, struct sockaddr *addr, int addr_len)
Spring 2001
CS 461
Sockets (cont)
Active Open (on client)
int connect(int socket, struct sockaddr *addr,
int addr_len)
Sending/Receiving Messages
int send(int socket, char *msg, int mlen, int flags)
int recv(int socket, char *buf, int blen, int flags)
Spring 2001
CS 461
Protocol-to-Protocol Interface
Configure multiple layers
static versus extensible
Process Model
avoid context switches
Buffer Model
avoid data copies
Spring 2001
CS 461
Configuration
TCP
UDP
IP
ARP
ETH
ICMP
name=tulip;
name=eth protocols=tulip;
name=arp protocols=eth;
name=ip protocols=eth,arp;
name=icmp protocols=ip;
name=udp protocols=ip;
name=tcp protocols=ip;
TUPLIP
Spring 2001
CS 461
Protocol Objects
Active Open
Sessn xOpen(Protl hlp, Protl llp,
Part *participants)
Passive Open
XkReturn xOpenEnable(Protl hlp,Protl llp,
Part *participant)
XkReturn xOpenDone(Protl hlp,
Protl llp,Sessn session,
Part *participants)
Demultiplexing
XkReturn xDemux(Protl hlp, Sessn lls,
Msg *message)
Spring 2001
CS 461
Session Objects
Local end-point of a channel
Interpret messages and maintain channel state
Export operations for sending and receiving messages
Operations
send a message
XkReturn xPush(Sessn lls,Msg *message)
deliver a message
XkReturn xPop(Sessn hls, Sessn lls,
Msg *message,void *hdr)
Spring 2001
CS 461
Process Model
(a)
Process-per-Protocol
Spring 2001
(b)
Process-per-Message
CS 461
Message Library
Add header
m
Strip header
m
abcdefg
abcdefg
bcopy ( xyz , hdr , 3);
msgAddHdr (m, hdr, 3);
hdr =msgStripHdr (m, 3);
m
m
defg
+ hdr = abc
xyzabcdefg
Spring 2001
CS 461
Message Library (cont)
Fragment message
m
m1
abcdefg
Reassemble messages
abcd
msgFragment (m, new, 3);
new
defg
Spring 2001
m2
efg
msgReassemble(new, m1, m2)
new
abcdefg
abc
CS 461
10
Event Library
Scheduling Timeouts & Book-keeping activity
Operations
Event evSchedule(EvFunc function,
void *argument,
int time)
EvCancelReturn evCancel(Event event)
Spring 2001
CS 461
11
Map Library
Demultiplex Packets
Operations
Map mapCreate(int number,int size)
Binding mapBind(Map map,
void *key,
void *id)
XkReturn mapResolve(Map map,
void *key,void **id)
Spring 2001
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12
Example
static Sessn
aspOpen(Protl self, Protl hlp, Part *p)
{
Sessn
asp_s;
Sessn
lls;
ActiveId key;
ProtlState *pstate = (ProtlState *)self->state;
bzero((char *)&key, sizeof(key));
/* High level protocol must specify both */
/* local and remote ASP port */
key.localport = *((AspPort *) partPop(p[0]));
key.remoteport = *((AspPort *) partPop(p[1]));
/* Assume failure until proven otherwise */
asp_s = XK_FAILURE;
Spring 2001
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/* Open session on low-level protocol */
lls = xOpen(self, xGetDown(self, 0), p);
if ( lls != XK_FAILURE )
{
key.lls = lls;
/* Check for session in active map */
if (mapResolve(pstate->activemap, &key,
(void **)&asp_s) == XK_FAILURE)
{
/* Session not in map; initialize it */
asp_s = asp_init_sessn(self, hlp, &key);
if ( asp_s != XK_FAILURE )
{
/* A successful open */
return asp_s;
}
}
/* Error has occurred */
xClose(lls);
}
return asp_s;
Spring 2001
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14
static XkReturn aspPush(Sessn s, Msg *msg)
{
SessnState *sstate;
AspHdr
hdr;
void
*buf;
/* create a header */
sstate = (SessnState *) s->state;
hdr = sstate->hdr;
hdr.ulen = msgLen(msg) + HLEN;
/* attach header and send */
buf = msgAddrHdr(msg, HLEN);
aspHdrStore(&hdr, buf, HLEN, msg);
return xPush(xGetDown(s, 0), msg);
}
Spring 2001
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15
static XkReturn
{
AspHdr
Sessn
ActiveId
PassiveId
ProtlState
Enable
void
aspDemux(Protl self, Sessn lls, Msg *msg)
h;
s;
activeid;
passiveid;
*pstate;
*e;
*buf;
pstate = (ProtlState *)self->state;
/* extract the header from the message */
buf = msgStripHdr(msg, HLEN);
aspHdrLoad(&h, buf, HLEN, msg);
/* construct a demux key from the header */
bzero((char *)&activeid, sizeof(activeid));
activeid.localport = h.dport;
activeid.remoteport = h.sport;
activeid.lls = lls;
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/* see if demux key is in the active map */
if (mapResolve(pstate->activemap, &activeid,
(void **)&s) == XK_FAILURE)
{
/* didn't find an active session */
/* so check passive map */
passiveid = h.dport;
if (mapResolve(pstate->passivemap, &passiveid,
(void **)&e) == XK_FAILURE)
{
/* drop the message */
return XK_SUCCESS;
}
/* port was enabled, so create a new */
/* session and inform hlp */
s = asp_init_sessn(self, e->hlp, &activeid);
xOpenDone(e->hlp, s, self);
}
/* pop the message to the session */
return xPop(s, lls, msg, &h);
}
Spring 2001
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17
static XkReturn
aspPop(Sessn s, Sessn ds, Msg *msg, void *inHdr)
{
AspHdr
*h = (AspHdr *) inHdr;
/* truncate message to length shown in header */
if ((h->ulen - HLEN) < msgLen(msg))
msgTruncate(msg, (int) h->ulen);
/* pass message up the protocol stack */
return xDemux(xGetUp(s), s, msg);
}
Spring 2001
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