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Simplex Method: Leather Limited Manufactures Two Types of Belts

The document describes the simplex method for solving linear programming problems. It defines slack and excess variables that are added to convert inequality constraints into equations. It provides an example of setting up and solving a linear programming problem to determine the optimal production levels of desks, tables, and chairs given constraints on materials and labor. Alternative optimal solutions are explored by changing the basis and finding a balanced solution across potential values of a parameter c.

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Rama Krishna
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© © All Rights Reserved
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67 views

Simplex Method: Leather Limited Manufactures Two Types of Belts

The document describes the simplex method for solving linear programming problems. It defines slack and excess variables that are added to convert inequality constraints into equations. It provides an example of setting up and solving a linear programming problem to determine the optimal production levels of desks, tables, and chairs given constraints on materials and labor. Alternative optimal solutions are explored by changing the basis and finding a balanced solution across potential values of a parameter c.

Uploaded by

Rama Krishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Simplex Method

Leather Limited manufactures two types of belts:


i) Delux model
(1 hour skilled labor) ($4 profit)
ii) Regular model
(2 hours skilled labor) ($3 profit)
Each Requires 1 sq yd of leather.
1 week : 40 sq yd of leather ; 60 hours skilled labor.
x1 = number of deluxe belt
x2 = number of regular belt
LP:
max z = 4x1 + 3x2
s.t.
x1 + x2 40
2x1 + x2 60

leather constraint
labor constraint

We define for each constraint a slack variable si


Si is the amount of unsed resource.
s1 = 40 -x1 - x2
s2 = 60 - 2x1 - x2
Rewrite LP:
max z = 4x1 + 3x2
x1 + x2 + s1 = 40
2x1 + x2 + s2 = 60
x1, x2 , s1, s2 0 sign restrictions

For constraint, we define excess variable ei.


ei is the amount by which the ith constraint is oversatisfied.
Example:
max z = 20 x1 + 15 x2
x1 100
x2 100
50 x1 + 35 x2 6000
20 x1 + 15 x2 2000
x1, x2 0
LP:
max z = 20 x1 + 15 x2
x1 + s1 = 100
x2 + s2 = 100
50 x1 + 35 x2 + s3 = 6000
20 x1 + 15 x2 - e4 = 2000
x1, x2, s1, s2, s3, e4 0

Alternative optimal solutions


x1 = desk
x2 = table
x3 = chair
max z = 60 x1 + 35 x2 + 20 x3
8 x1 + 6 x2 + x3 48 lumber constraint
4 x1 + 2 x2 + 1.5 x3 20 finishing constraint
2 x1 + 1.5x2 + 0.5 x3 8 carpentry constraint
x2 5 table demand
x1, x2, x3 0

Initial Table
R0
R1
R2
R3
R4

z
1
0
0
0
0

x1
-60
8
4
2
0

x2
-35
6
2
1.5
1

x3
-20
1
1.5
0.5
0

s1
0
1
0
0
0

s2
0
0
1
0
0

R0
R1
R2
R3
R4

z
1
0
0
0
0

x1
-60
8
4
1
0

x2
-35
6
2
0.75
1

x3
-20
1
1.5
0.25
0

s1
0
1
0
0
0

s2
0
0
1
0
0

R0
R1
R2
R3
R4

z
1
0
0
0
0

x1
0
0
0
1
0

x2
10
0
-1
0.75
1

x3
-5
-1
0.5
0.25
0

s1
0
1
0
0
0

s2
0
0
1
0
0

R0
R1
R2
R3
R4

z
1
0
0
0
0

x1
0
0
0
1
0

x2
10
0
-2
0.75
1

x3
-5
-1
1
0.25
0

s1
0
1
0
0
0

s2
0
0
2
0
0

R0
R1
R2
R3
R4

z
1
0
0
0
0

x1
0
0
0
1
0
basic

Z=
x1 =
x2 =
x3 =

280
2
0
8

x2
0
-2
-2
1.25
1
non-basic

x3
0
0
1
0
0
basic

s1
0
1
0
0
0
basic

s2
10
2
2
-0.5
0
non-basic

desks
table
chairs

x2 non-basic variable, has ZERO coefficient in the R0 of the optimal table.


Enter x2 into the basis ,

R0
R1
R2
R3
R4

z
1
0
0
0
0

x1
0
0
0
1
0

x2
0
-2
-2
1.25
1

x3
0
0
1
0
0

s1
0
1
0
0
0

R0
R1
R2
R3
R4

z
1
0
0
0
0

x1
0
0
0
0.8
0

x2
0
-2
-2
1
1

x3
0
0
1
0
0

s1
0
1
0
0
0

R0
R1
R2
R3
R4

z
1
0
0
0
0

x1
0
1.6
1.6
0.8
-0.8
non-basic

x2
0
0
0
1
0
basic

x3
0
0
1
0
0
basic

s1
0
1
0
0
0
basic

Z=
x1 =

280
0

desks

x2 =
x3 =

1.6
11.2

Optimal
solution
1

x1
x2
x3

tables
chairs

Alternate solution

2
0
8

2
0
8

1
0.8
9.6

Optimal
solution
2

For 0 c 1
x1
x2
x3

Let c = 0.5 ,
x1
x2
x3

desks
tables
chairs

(1-c)

s3
0
0
0
1
0

s4
0
0
0
0
1

b
0
48
20
8
5

s3
0
0
0
0.5
0

s4
0
0
0
0
1

b
0
48
20
4
5

s3
30
-4
-2
0.5
0

s4
0
0
0
0
1

b
240
16
4
4
5

s3
30
-4
-4
0.5
0

s4
0
0
0
0
1

b
240
16
8
4
5

b/x
6
5
4
pivot, /2
#DIV/0!

R0 +60*R3
R1 - 8*R3
R2 - 4*R3
unchanged

b/x
-16
8
pivot, /0.5
16
#DIV/0!

R0 +5*R2
R1+R2
R3-0.25*R2
unchanged

s3
10
-8
-4
1.5
0
non-basic

s4
0
0
0
0
1
basic

b
280
24
8
2
5

optimized

he R0 of the optimal table.

s2
10
2
2
-0.5
0

s3
10
-8
-4
1.5
0

s4
0
0
0
0
1

b
280
24
8
2
5

s2
10
2
2
-0.4
0

s3
10
-8
-4
1.2
0

s4
0
0
0
0
1

b
280
24
8
1.6
5

s2
10
1.2
1.2
-0.4
0.4
non-basic

s3
10
-5.6
-1.6
1.2
-1.2
non-basic

s4
0
0
0
0
1
basic

b
280
27.2
11.2
1.6
3.4

b/x
-12
-4
1.6
5

pivot, /1.25

unchanged
R1+2*R3
R2+2*R3
R4-R3

x1
x2
x3

0
1.6
11.2

0
1.6
11.2

2c
1.6 - 1.6 c
11.2 - 3.2 c

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