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Deltastar Power Project Services PVT - LTD:: Engineers

The document summarizes communication basics and carrier protection protocols for a fast track training program for experienced power engineers. It covers topics like logarithmic representation of signal levels using decibel notation, basic equations to calculate decibels, converting between dB and gain notation, special decibel scales like dBm, and converting between dBm, voltage, and power. The training is conducted by Er. R. Surendran on October 10, 2011.

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208 views8 pages

Deltastar Power Project Services PVT - LTD:: Engineers

The document summarizes communication basics and carrier protection protocols for a fast track training program for experienced power engineers. It covers topics like logarithmic representation of signal levels using decibel notation, basic equations to calculate decibels, converting between dB and gain notation, special decibel scales like dBm, and converting between dBm, voltage, and power. The training is conducted by Er. R. Surendran on October 10, 2011.

Uploaded by

kailasamvv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Deltastar power project services Pvt.

Ltd

Name of the Trg. Prg.

: Fast Track Training programme


for Experienced Engineers
on Power system Protection

Topic

Carrier Communication basics,


Communication Protocol and carrier protection

Date

: 10 th OCT. 2011

By : Er .R.SURENDRAN
(Former SE/P&C/TNEB)

10 th OCT 2011

10-10-2011
10 th OCT 2011

Logarithmic Representation of signal Levels

Decibel Notation dB
Original unit was bel
The prefix deci means one tenth
Hence, the decible is one tenth of a bel
dB expresses logarithmically the ratio between two signal levels
(ex.: Vo/Vi = Gain)
dB is dimensionless
Either way, a drop of 3dB represents half the power and vice
versa.
10 th OCT 2011

The basic equations to calculate decibels


Iin

Io
dB 20 log
I in

Vo
dB 20 log
Vin
Po
dB 10 log
Pin
10 th OCT 2011

Io

Vin

Vo

Pin

Po

Adding it all up

V1
0 .2
A1

20
Vin 0.01
V 2 0 .1
Atten

0 .5
V1 0.2
V3 1.5
A2

15
V 2 0 .1
Vo
6
A3

4
V3 1.5
10 th OCT 2011

AV A1 Atten A2 A3 600
AdB 20 log 600 55.6

Converting between dB and Gain notation

For dB = 20 log (Vo/Vin)


if it is needed to convert from
dB to output-input ratio i.e.
Vo/Vin
Vo = Vin 10dB/20
or Vo = Vin EXP(dB/20)
Ex: calculate the output
voltage Vo if the input voltage
Vin=1mV and an amplifier of
+20 dB is used:
Vo=(0.001V) 10(20/20)
=(0.001) (10) = 0.01V
10 th OCT 2011

Vin
1 mV

Av=20dB

Vo
?

special decibel scales: dBm

dBm:
dBm used in radio frequency measurements
(RF)
0 dBm is defined as 1 mW of RF signal
dissipated in 50- resistive load
dBm = 10 log (P/1 mW)
EX: What is the signal level 9 mW as expressed in
dBm?
dBm = 10 log (P/1 mW)
dBm = 10 log (9 mW/1 mW) = 9.54 dBm

10 th OCT 2011

Converting dBm to voltage or voltage to dBm


Converting voltage to dBm :
Use the expression P=V2/R=V2/50 to find milliwatts, and
then use the equation of dBm
EX: Express a signal level of 800 V rms in dBm
P=V2/50
P=0.00000064 V / 50 p=0.0000128 mW
dBm = 10log(P/1mW)= -48.9

Converting dBm to voltage :


Find the power level represented by the dBm level, and
then calculate the voltage using 50 as the load.
EX: what voltage exists across a 50- resistive load when -6 dBm is
dissipated in the load?
P=(1 mW)(10dBm/10)
P =(1 mW)(10-6 dBm/10) =(1 mW)(10-0.6) =(1 mW)(0.25)=0.25 mW
If P=V2/50, then V = (50P)1/2 = 7.07(P1/2),
V = (7.07)(P1/2) = (7.07)(0.251/2) = 3.54 mV

10 th OCT 2011

10 th OCT 2011

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