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Pizza Project

Papa Romeo's Pizza sells cheese pizzas of varying diameters for different prices. When graphed, the relationship between diameter and price appears quadratic rather than linear. Both linear and quadratic functions were fitted to the data, with the quadratic function p(x)= 1/8x^2 - 2x + 16.5 providing the best fit. This function also comes closest to predicting the price of a 22-inch pizza not used in fitting the models. The area of a circle being proportional to the radius squared provides theoretical justification for expecting a quadratic relationship between pizza diameter and price.

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58 views4 pages

Pizza Project

Papa Romeo's Pizza sells cheese pizzas of varying diameters for different prices. When graphed, the relationship between diameter and price appears quadratic rather than linear. Both linear and quadratic functions were fitted to the data, with the quadratic function p(x)= 1/8x^2 - 2x + 16.5 providing the best fit. This function also comes closest to predicting the price of a 22-inch pizza not used in fitting the models. The area of a circle being proportional to the radius squared provides theoretical justification for expecting a quadratic relationship between pizza diameter and price.

Uploaded by

api-272123105
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Papa Romeos Pizza in Chicago, Illinois, sells a 10-in diameter cheese pizza

for $9, a 14-in diameter pizza for $13, and an 18-in diameter pizza for $21.
Which better fits the price of the pizza: a linear function, or a quadratic
function of the diameter?
1. Graph ordered pairs from the data above using the form (diameter, price).
Do the data appear to be quadratic or linear?

It appears to be quadratic.
I agree this is quadratic
2. Fit each of the following models to the data, where p(x) is the price, in
dollars, of an x-inch diameter pizza. Using a different color for each, graph
the functions on the same graph as the ordered pairs. Then determine
visually which model best fits the data.
a) Linear function p(x)=mx+b, using the points (10,9) and (14,13)
13 - (9)
14 - (10)
p(x)= mx+b
p(x)= (1)x +b
p(x)= (1)(10) +b
9
= (1)(10) +b
(1)(10) +b = 9
10 + b = 9
b = -10 +9
p(x)= x -1

m=1

b) Linear function p(x)=mx+b using the points (10,9) and (18,21)


21 - (9)
18 - (10)

m=3/2

p(x)= (3/2 )x +b
p(x)= (3/2 )(10) +b
9 = (3/2 )(10) +b
(3/2 )(10) +b = 9
15 + b = 9
b = -15 +9
p(x)= 3/2 x 6

c) Quadratic function p(x)=ax +bx+c, using all three points.


2

(10,9)
9 =
9 =

(14,13)

(18,21)

a(10) + (10)b + c
100a
+
10b + c

13 =
13 =

a(14) + (14)b + c
196a
+
14b + c

21 =
21 =

a(18) + (18)b + c
324a
+
18b + c

(1)
(2)
(3)

100a
196a
324a

+
+
+

10b + c
14b + c = 13
18b + c = 21

= 9

Solve by elimination (eliminate c first):


(1)
100a +
10b
+
10b +
c= 9
(2)
(-1)
-196a
14b
18b c = - 21
(4)
-96a
4b
= -12

Solve for a:
(4)
(-8)
+32b
(5)
(4)

-96a
=
32
-224a - 8b

4b

c = 9
c

(1)

= -13

(3) (-1)

(5)

-4

100a +
-324a

- 224a

8b

-4

768a

= -12

-896a -32b
-128a

-48

-16
-128

-128
a = 1/8

Solve for b:
(4)
-96( 1/8 )
-12
-4b
-4
Solve for c:
(2)
100( 1/8 )
25/2

+
-

4b
8
-4
10(-2)
20

= -4
4b
=

-4
b =-2

+
+

c
c

= 9
= 9
c = 33/2 or 16.5

p(x)= 1/8 x -2x+16.5

The quadratic model fits the data best.


3. One way to tell whether a function is a good fit is to see how well it
predicts another known value. Papa Romeos also sells a 22-in diameter
cheese pizza for $28. Which function from part (2) comes closest to
predicting the actual value?
(22,28)
a)p(x)=x-1
p(22)=22-1
=21
b)p(x)=3/2x-6
p(22)=3/2(22)-6
=33-6
=27
c)p(x)=1/8x -2x+16.5
2

p(22)=(22) -2(22)+16.5
=(484)-44+16.5
=60.5-44+16.5
=33
2

Function b comes closest to predicting the actual value.


4. Because the area of a circle is given by A=r , would you expect the price
of a cheese pizza to be quadratic or linear?
2

Quadratic.
5. Research.
Find another restaurant that sells at least four sizes of
pizza. Listing diameter on the horizontal axis and price on the vertical axis,
graph their pizza prices and determine whether a linear model or a quadratic
model appears to be the best fit. Use two or three of the prices to find a
function that models the data, and test your model by predicting a known
price not used to form the model.
The Pie Pizzeria sells a 12-in cheese pizza for $10, a 14-in for $13, a 16-in for $15, and a 23-in
for $28. (12,10), (14,13), (16,15), (23,28).

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