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Introduction

The AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe application curves readily show whether the loading of primary feeders in a given substation area is limited by voltage drop or feeder current-carrying capacity. For each substation or feed point kVA loading, a curve of constant loading may be followed (from upper left toward lower right) as load density increases. • As such a curve is followed, load density increases, and the number of primary feeders required to serve that load decreases. But eventually the number of primary feeders dim

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32 views3 pages

Introduction

The AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe application curves readily show whether the loading of primary feeders in a given substation area is limited by voltage drop or feeder current-carrying capacity. For each substation or feed point kVA loading, a curve of constant loading may be followed (from upper left toward lower right) as load density increases. • As such a curve is followed, load density increases, and the number of primary feeders required to serve that load decreases. But eventually the number of primary feeders dim

Uploaded by

Roma Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION:

Transformers change voltage levels between their input (primary) and output (secondary)
terminals by using their electro-magnetism principles. Although the voltage levels are
different, there is no power gain from a transformer. On the contrary, there is small power
loss due to the transformer core and hysteresis losses.

Transformer Ratio:

Transformer Voltage Regulation:

The voltage regulation of the transformer is the percentage change in the


output voltage from no-load to full-load. And since power factor is a determining factor
in the secondary voltage, power factor influences the voltage regulation. This means
the voltage regulation of a transformer is a dynamic, load-dependent number.
The voltage regulation gives an indication about the stability of the secondary voltage
level under varying loads.
The % Voltage Regulation is given by:

* 100

Where is the load voltage when the maximum allowed secondary


current is drawn from the transformer and is the transformer output
voltage when there is no load connected to the output.

Transformer Efficiency:

Efficiency of a transformer can be defined as the output power divided by the input
power. i.e.
% Efficiency =

* 100%

Transformers are the most highly efficient electrical devices. Most of the transformers
have full load efficiency between 95% to 98.5% .
Efficiency of a transformer will be maximum when copper loss and iron losses are equal.

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