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BACK To TURPENTINE
Rectified Oil of Turpentine, Rectified Turpentine Oil.
OLEUM TEREBINTHINAE.----Related entries: Pix liquida - Resina---Oil of Turpentine,
Spirit of Turpentine, Turpentine Oil.
A volatile oil distilled with water from the concrete oleoresin
derived from Pinus palustris, Miller, and other species of
Pinus. (Nat. Ord. Pinaceae.) United States and Europe.--Description.A thin colorless liquid having a characteristic
taste and odor, becoming more intense with age and by
exposure. Soluble in alcohol and glacial acetic acid. It readily
dissolves resins, wax, sulphur, iodine, and
phosphorus.---Principal Constituents.A mixture of several
terpenes each having the formula C10H16. Among them are
pinene, phellandrene, camphene, dipentene, and limonene;
some sesquiterpenes. and the fragrant ester bornyl acetate
(borneol). American oil of turpentine contains principally
dextro-pinene (australene), while French oil of turpentine is
chiefly laevo-pinene (terebentene). Oil of turpentine
emulsifies with mucilage 2 parts and water 16 parts, by
thorough trituration.--Preparation.Linimentum
Terebinthinae, Turpentine Liniment. Prepared by melting and
mixing together 350 parts of oil of turpentine and 650 parts of
rosin cerate.----Internal. This preparation should not be used
internally; only when rectified is it fit for internal medication.
(See Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatum.)But can be with
out any concern if diluted and used intelligently (
personal note-based on other research there is little
concern unless you have a weakened kidney
condition even then when diluted can be used)

OLEUM TEREBINTHINAE RECTIFICATUM.

Rectified Oil of Turpentine, Rectified Turpentine Oil.

Description.A thin colorless liquid corresponding to the

properties described under Oleum Terebinthinae, which see.
Dose, 1 to 20 drops. ( Usual dose, 5 drops.)--Preparation.
Emulsum Olei Terebinthinae, Emulsion of Oil of
Turpentine. Dose, 1/2 to 2 fluid drachms.--Specific
Indications.Internal. Dry, deep red, glazed and cracked
tongue, with sordes, muttering delirium, rapid feeble pulse,
repressed secretions, tympanites and hemorrhage; relaxed
and enfeebled mucosa with excessive catarrhal discharges.

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External. Pain and meteorism.

Action and Toxicology.Oil of turpentine is rapidly
absorbed by the skin, which it irritates and reddens, and if
long in contact, may produce vesication or ulceration[F1].
These untoward effects are more apt to occur if the
oil be applied hot or with friction. Applied to the skin
it imparts warmth and dilates the peripheral vessels.
Upon the mucous tissues its warmth is more intense
and may amount to smarting pain and produce
congestion. Swallowed it imparts the same glowing
warmth from mouth to stomach, excites secretion,
checks flatulence, induces peristalsis, and if the
amount be large, provokes diarrhea[F2]. Its ingestion
causes the skin to feel hot, the circulation is slightly
accelerated and arterial tension increased. Being quickly
absorbed it appears in the urine almost immediately
after being swallowed or inhaled, imparting to that
excretion the characteristic odor of violets. The vapor
is irritating to the breathing passages, and, as also when
taken, induces a sense of intoxication and dizziness. The
secretion of the kidneys is increased, and prolonged
use or overdoses may cause irritation, and inflammation of
those organs, and hematuria. Poisonous amounts cause
bloody urine, severe strangury, priapism, intolerable aching in
the loins, acute nephritis, cyanosis, dilated pupils, gastroenteritis, and collapse. Some individuals are very susceptible
to the effects of turpentine, and, in a few, vesicular or papular
rashes of an eczematous type have occurred.

Therapy.External. Turpentine is rubefacient and

counter-irritant and to some degree antiseptic and
hemostatic. Locally applied it is valuable to assist in
relieving deep-seated and other inflammations, as in
pleurisy, pneumonia, bronchitis, laryngitis,
pharyngitis, peritonitis, arthritis, and other
congestive and inflammatory disorders; and to
alleviate pain in sciatica, myalgia, pleurodynia, and
various neuralgias. For these purposes equal parts or
one-fourth part of turpentine may be mixed with hot
lard or olive or peanut oil or lanolin, and applied by
hand, with or without friction, as desired. It must be borne in
mind that friction intensifies the local effect of the oil. A more
effectual method is to apply a flannel cloth wrung from hot
water and upon which has been sprinkled a few drops of
turpentine. Another but more complicated procedure of
preparing a "turpentine stupe" is to wring a flannel out of very
hot water by twisting it in a towel until it ceases to drip. Then
dip the cloth in turpentine which has been heated in a tin
container immersed in another vessel of very hot water and
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wring out all excess of the oil. (Caution: Turpentine must not
be heated on a stove or over a flame; it is highly inflammable.)
Turpentine stupes are to be applied as hot as can be borne,
and as soon as any discomfort or pain is felt are to be
immediately removed, lest blistering occur. Turpentine,
applied full strength, or diluted with a bland oil, may
be used to relieve chilblains and bunions and to
stimulate repair in sluggish ulcers and bed sores.
Combined with linseed oil it has been advised for small burns
and scalds, but as this method is painful and absorption great
it is not to be commended. Liniments containing
turpentine may give relief to inflamed joints in acute
articular rheumatism, swollen and inflamed glands,
and are popular in domestic practice for the relief of
temporary lameness and muscular soreness. It is of
great service locally, together with its internal use, to
prevent and control meteorism in typhoid fever and
puerperal peritonitis. In all inflammations with tense
skin great care must be taken not to cause blistering
by it. The vapor of turpentine is said to be fatal to the
itch mite; and the oil vaporized from hot water gives
relief in croup and chronic bronchitis. It may be used as
an adjunct to treatment in diphtheria for its antiseptic and
stimulant properties, and particularly in the membranous
form of laryngeal diphtheria, in which it contributes in some
measure to the loosening and expulsion of the membrane.

Internal. For internal use only the rectified oil of turpentine

should be used. Turpentine is employed as a diffusible
stimulant, antiseptic, and antihemorrhagic. It is also
an anthelmintic and taeniafuge. Very small doses are
stomachic, and as a warming carminative it is useful
to relieve intestinal flatulence. Turpentine has a twofold
action, which is important. It stimulates to normal
secretory activity when there is a lack of intestinal
secretion due to a semi-paretic state of the
alimentary canal; and it restrains excessive secretion
when due to lack of tone. It is always a remedy for
atony and debility; never for active and plethoric
conditions. In typhoid or enteric fever it is the best
remedy known to prevent tympany and ulceration. It
is indicated when the tongue is dark red, glazed, or
brown-coated, hard, dry, and cracked, and there are
sordes upon it, as well as upon the teeth. In this stage
ulceration is active, hemorrhage impending or
present, temperature high, pulse small, wiry and
rapid, the mind wanders, and the urine is scanty,
concentrated, and very dark. In this state there is marked
depression of innervation, putrefactive gases are formed,
hemorrhage imminent, prostration is great, mentality
disordered, and the patient is at a very low ebb. When this

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condition prevails no other medicine offers such

hope of relief as turpentine. From five to ten minims may
be given in emulsion every two or three hours. In tardy
convalescence from enteric fever, when ulcers of Peyer's
glands stubbornly refuse to heal and diarrhoea continues or
frequently recurs, and hemorrhage still threatens,
turpentine may be given to stimulate repair and will
do as much as any medicine can to hasten recovery.
When hemorrhage does occur during the progress of the fever,
turpentine by its hemostatic action assists in controlling
manageable cases. The external use of the drug (see above)
should accompany its internal administration.

Turpentine is of value in other hemorrhages of the

gastro-intestinal tractnotably that accompanying
ulceration of any part of the small intestines, with
flatulent distention. It frequently renders good
service in the hemorrhage of gastric and duodenal
ulcer; and it may succeed in some cases of hematuria
and menorrhagia. As these cases are seldom or never
hemorrhages of plethora, but are of the passive variety that
occurs in the weak and anemic subject with a disposition to
tissue dissolution and relaxed blood vessels, turpentine is
clearly indicated and its record justifies its claim to
efficiency. Turpentine is also one of the few drugs that
have been effectual in hemorrhagic transudation into
the skin and mucosa, as in purpura and scurvy, and it
has a limited usefulness in hemophilia.

In renal disorders turpentine is generally contraindicated;

certainly so in irritation and inflammation. It may, however,
be used when a deficient secretion of urine depends wholly
upon general debility; and in chronic disorders, when active
inflammation has long passed, and in chronic nephritis, where
active inflammation is seldom present, it may be necessary to
employ a powerful stimulating diuretic. Turpentine may best
serve the purpose. It must be remembered, however, that in
all kidney disorders there is the ever-confronting danger of
provoking suppression of the urine. Turpentine has been
advised in pyelitis, pyo-nephritis, and hydro-nephritis, both
for its stimulating and pus-limiting antiseptic effect. It is of
more certain service in chronic cystitis and gleet, both with
excessive mucous discharge.

As an anthelmintic and taenicide such large doses of

turpentine are required as to render such use; and its
local employment for ascarides is too painful and less
desirable in every way than weak salt solutions or infusion of

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quassia.

Old oxidized oil of turpentine and French oil of turpentine are

reputed antidotes in phosphorus poisoning.
*************************************************************************
Tar, Pine Tar.
A liquid obtained by the destructive distillation of the wood of
Pinus palustris, Miller, and other species of Pinus (Nat. Ord.
Pinaceae).
Description.A blackish-brown, viscid, semi-liquid,
amorphous substance, but gradually becoming granular and
opaque; odor empyreumatic and terebinthinate, taste sharp
and tarry. Slightly soluble in water, with a brownish color and
acid reaction. Mixes with alcohol, ether, chloroform, and oils.
Upon distillation it yields oil of tar and pyroligneous acid.
Dose, 5 to 15 grains.
Principal Constituents.Oil of turpentine, creosote,
phenol, catechol, xylol, toluol, acetic acid, acetone, methyl
alcohol, and at least ten resins.
Preparations.1 Oleum Picis Liquidae Rectificatum,
Rectified Oil of Tar. Dose, 3 to 5 minims.
2. Aqua Picis Liquidae, Tar Water. Dose, 1 to 3 fluidounces
every four to six hours.
3. Syrupus Picis Liquidae, Syrup of Tar. Dose, 1 to 2
fluidrachms.
Action.Tar is irritant and antiseptic. Upon prolonged
application tar acne may ensue, and in some instances it has
produced poisoning similar to that of phenol. Internally it
excites the circulation and the secretions, especially of the
kidneys and lungs, and acts as an antiseptic to those tracts,
thus proving diuretic, disinfectant and expectorant. Overdoses
produce headache, indigestion, black vomit and stools, and
blackish urine with blood and albumen and a decided tar-like
odor.
Therapy.External. Tar is chiefly used as an antipruritic[F3]
and antiparasitic. It is of use in scaly skin diseases, and in
various preparations it has been applied in psoriasis,
chronic eczema, prurigo, porrigo, lichen, sycosis,
lupus vulgaris and erythematosus, pemphigus, tinea
capitis and other forms of ringworm, scabies, and
boils. Some persons are very susceptible to tar, an erythema
following the application of even dilute preparations of it.
Internal. Tar water, or syrup of tar, may be used in
bronchial cough, and to prevent the recurrence of
boils, in chronic urinary catarrhs, and in eczema and
psoriasis (together with its external use). Tar should

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not be given to those having a disposition to hemorrhages.

Syrup of wild cherry added to tar water or the syrup
of tar makes a useful cough remedy for chronic
bronchitis.

[F1]Would
[F1]Would depend on how much in light amounts
unless you have a sensitivity to pine should not be an
issue
A cleansing effect which is a sign it is releasing
and flushing out what is there
[F2]

[F3]Antipruritic

== anti Itch

Antiparasitickills or resists parasites

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