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Digital Image Processing: Gray Level Enhancement

This document discusses techniques for gray level enhancement and contrast adjustment of digital images. It describes histogram equalization as a popular technique for improving images with poor contrast. The algorithm for histogram equalization involves finding the running sum of the histogram values, normalizing them, and mapping the gray-level values to produce a more evenly distributed histogram in the resultant image. This leads to improved contrast and visual appearance compared to simple histogram stretching.

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Asad ullah
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39 views

Digital Image Processing: Gray Level Enhancement

This document discusses techniques for gray level enhancement and contrast adjustment of digital images. It describes histogram equalization as a popular technique for improving images with poor contrast. The algorithm for histogram equalization involves finding the running sum of the histogram values, normalizing them, and mapping the gray-level values to produce a more evenly distributed histogram in the resultant image. This leads to improved contrast and visual appearance compared to simple histogram stretching.

Uploaded by

Asad ullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Image Processing

Gray Level Enhancement


Dr. Muhammad Jehanzeb

Gray level enhancement


Some of the simplest, yet most useful,
image processing operations involve the
adjustment of brightness, contrast or color in
an image. This operation is called contrast
enhancement.

Gray level enhancement


A common reason for manipulating these
attributes is the need to compensate for
difficulties in image acquisition.
Contrast enhancement aims to improve an
image such that the content of an image
become visually more pleasing.

A dark image

An enhanced image

There are several techniques in enhancing


the contrast of digital image such as
histogram stretch, histogram equalization
and adaptive contrast enhancement.
Histogram equalization is a popular
technique for improving the appearance of a
poor image.

Its function is similar to that of a histogram


stretch but often provides more visually
pleasing results across wider range of
images.

Histogram Equalization Algorithm


Histogram Equalization is a technique where the
histogram of the resultant image is as flat as
possible.
With histogram stretching the overall shape of the
histogram remains the same.
The theoretical basis for histogram equalization
involves probability theory, where the histogram is
treated as the probability distribution of the gray
levels.

Histogram Equalization Algorithm


The histogram equalization process for digital image
consists of four steps:
i. Find the running sum of the histogram values
ii. Normalize the values from step (i) by dividing by the
total number of pixels
iii. Multiply the values from step (ii) by maximum gray
level value and round
iv. Map the graylevel values to the results from step (iii)
using a onetoone correspondence

Example: Given a 3 bits-image, so the possible range


of values is 0 to 7. Suppose the image has the
following histogram:

Histogram of image

Histogram of original image

steps to find the histogram-equalized values.

In order to get the histogramequalized


image, all pixels in the original image with
gray level 0 are set to 1, values of 1 are set 2,
2 set 4, 4 set to 4, and so on
Table shows the histogram of the
histogramequalized image.

Histogram of the histogram-equalized image

Histogram of histogram-equalized image

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