Steel Design EC3

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building
midas Gen Tutorial
Program Version
V7.4.1
Program License
Commercial, Trial
Revision Date
Dec., 19, 2008

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.
midas Gen Tutorial
Steel Design Features in midas Gen
Gen provides code checking for beams, columns and bracings as per Eurocode 3: 2005.
Both Ultimate and Serviceability limit states are checked.
Load combinations as per Eurocode 3 are automaticaly generated.
Static wind loads as per Eurocode 1-4: 2005 can be automatically assigned.
Static seismic loads and response spectrum function as per Eurocode 8-1: 2004 are available.
Available Section profiles include:
Angle, Channel, I-Shape, T-Shape, Box, Pipe, Double L, Double C
Joint Connection design is not currently available.

Imperfections needs to be manually considered.
Second-order effects can be considered.
Internal forces and moments are determined using elastic global analysis.
Composite beam design is provided in our sister product midas Civil.
Capacity design as per EN 1998 will be available in the next version planned for released in Spring 2009.
midas Gen Tutorial
Contents
Part 1. EC3 Design in Gen
I.Ultimate Limit State Check
Material Properties
Section table for the application of Ultimate Limit State Check
Resistance of cross-sections
Buckling resistance of members
II. Serviceability Limit State Check
Vertical deflections
Horizontal deflections
Part 2. Tutorial
Eurocode 3 Steel Code Check Procedure:
1.Analyze the model.
2.Select the design code.
3.Generate load combinations.
4.Enter design parameters (Unbraced Length, Moment Factor, etc).
5.Enter deflection limits.
6.Check design results.
7.Change and update the designed sections.
3
midas Gen Tutorial
Part 1. EC3 Design in Gen
I.
Ultimate Limit State Check
midas Gen Tutorial
Material Properties
The nominal values of the yield strength (fy) and the ultimate strength (fu) for structural steel
t 40mm
Steel Grade
fy
(N/mm2)
fu
(N/mm2)
fy
(N/mm2)
fu
(N/mm2)
S235
235
360
215
360
S275
275
430
255
410
S355
355
510
335
470
S450
440
550
410
550
Modulus of Elasticity = 210,000 N/mm2

Poissons Ratio
= 0.3
Thermal Coefficient = 12 x10-6 /oC

Weight Density
t > 40mm
= 76.98 kN/m3
midas Gen Tutorial
Section table for the application of Ultimate Limit State Check

Limit States
Cross section
Yielding
FB (1)
Doubly Symmetric
Singly Symmetric
SB
LTB
Strong axis
Weak axis
N/A
N/A
N/A
Box
(2)
N/A
Angle
N/A
N/A
N/A
Channel
N/A
N/A
Tee
N/A
N/A
N/A
Double Angle
N/A
N/A
N/A
Double Channel
N/A
N/A
Pipe
N/A
N/A
N/A
Solid Rectangle
N/A
N/A
N/A
Solid Round
N/A
N/A
N/A
U-Rib
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
I section
Note:
(1) Torsional Buckling and Torsional-Flexural Buckling are not evaluated.
(2) The thickness of two webs should be identical, and the member type should be column for
the weak axis shear buckling check.
(3) FB: Flexural Buckling, SB: Shear Buckling, LTB: Lateral-Torsional Buckling
midas Gen Tutorial
Tension
Design tension resistance
The design ultimate resistance of the net cross-section at holes for fasteners is not considered in midas
Gen.
Compression
Design compression resistance
In the case of unsymmetrical Class 4 sections, the additional moment due to the eccentricity of the
centroidal axis of the effective section is considered in midas Gen.
midas Gen Tutorial
Bending moment
Design bending resistance
Shear
Design shear resistance in the absence of torsion
The shear area Av is calculated based on the clause 6.2.6 (3) as per EN1993-1-1
Rolled I and H sections, load parallel to web:
Design elastic shear resistance is not applied.
but not less than
midas Gen Tutorial
Shear Buckling
The shear buckling resistance for webs without intermediate stiffeners is calculated, according to
section 5 of EN 1993-1-5, if
For steel grades up to and including S460.
For higher steel grades
Design resistance
Non-rigid end post
Stiffener design to resist shear buckling is not provided in midas Gen.
Stiffener type for end supports is assumed as a non-rigid end post.

It is assumed that the length of an unstiffened plate, a is the same as the unbraced length.
midas Gen Tutorial
Torsion
The torsional resistance is not checked.
Bending and Shear
The effect of shear force on the moment resistance is considered.
Where the shear force is less than half the plastic shear resistance, its effect on the moment resistance
is neglected.
Where VED 0.5V pl , Rd
I-cross-sections with equal flanges and bending about the major axis
Torsion is not considered when calculating .

For the other cases
M V , Rd (1 ) M c , Rd
midas Gen Tutorial
Bending and Axial Force
The effect of axial force on the moment resistance is considered.
Class 1 and 2 cross sections

For doubly symmetrical I- and H-sections, allowance is not made for the effect of the axial force on the
plastic resistance moment about the y-y axis when both the following criteria are satisfied:
For doubly symmetrical I- and H-sections, allowance is not made for the effect of the axial force on the
plastic resistance moment about the z-z axis when:
The following equations are used for standard rolled I or H sections and for welded I or H sections with
equal flanges.
midas Gen Tutorial
Bending and Axial Force (contd.)
For bi-axial bending both the following criteria are used:
for Class 1 & 2 sections
a)
b)
for Class 1, 2, 3 & 4 sections
Bending, Shear and Axial Force

Where the shear force exceeds 50% of the plastic shear resistance, its effect on the moment of resistance is
reflected in the formula above.
Mpl,y,Rd and Mpl,z,Rd are replaced by My,v,Rd and Mz,v,Rd respectively in the following equations to consider
shear effect in the above criterion a).
My,Rd and Mz,Rd are replaced by My,v,Rd and Mz,v,Rd respectively in the above criterion b)
to consider shear effect.
midas Gen Tutorial
Uniform members in compression

For slenderness
or for
the buckling effects are ignored.
is the elastic critical force for the relevant buckling mode based on the gross cross sectional properties.
Flexural buckling is checked for the L, C, I, T, Box, Pipe, Double L, and Double C section.
Torsional and torsional-flexural buckling is not checked.
Design buckling resistance
midas Gen Tutorial

Uniform members in bending
For the uniform and doubly symmetric I cross-sections only, the lateral torsional buckling check is
provided.
It is assumed that the section is loaded through its shear center, and the boundary conditions at each
end are both restrained against lateral movement and restrained against rotation about the
longitudinal axis.
For slenderness
or for
the lateral torsional buckling effects are ignored.
Mcr is the elastic critical moment for lateral-torsional buckling.

The value of C1 depends on the moment distribution along the
member, which is calculated based on the table in the following page.
: Warping constant
midas Gen Tutorial

Uniform members in bending (Continued)
If the member type is column, C1 is calculated based on the table below. EN 1993-1-1: 1992 Annex F
M
+1
+3/4
+1/2
+1/4
C1
1.0
1.879
0.7
2.092
C1
0.5
2.150
1.0
1.000
1.0
2.281
0.7
1.000
0.7
2.538
0.5
1.000
0.5
2.609
1.0
1.141
1.0
2.704
0.7
1.270
0.7
3.009
0.5
1.305
0.5
3.093
1.0
1.323
1.0
2.927
0.7
1.473
0.7
3.009
0.5
1.514
0.5
3.093
1.0
1.563
1.0
2.752
0.7
1.739
0.7
3.063
0.5
1.788
0.5
3.149
-1/4
-1/2
-3/4
-1
midas Gen Tutorial

If the member type is beam, C1 is calculated based on the table below.
midas Gen Tutorial

Design buckling resistance
The method in the Clause 6.3.2.3 and 6.3.2.4 of EC3 are not considered.
midas Gen Tutorial

Uniform members in bending and axial compression
For members which are subjected to combined bending and axial compression, the resistance to
lateral and lateral-torsional buckling is verified by the following criteria.
kyy, kyz, kzy, kzz are the interaction factors. These values are obtained from Annex A in EN 1993-1-1: 2005.
Cmy, Cmz and CmLT in Annex A can be either user-defined or auto-calculated.
When the design axial force, NEd is larger than Ncr,z or Ncr,TF, the criteria above are not applied.
General method of the clause 6.3.4 is not considered.
midas Gen Tutorial
ii. Serviceability Limit State Check
midas Gen Tutorial
Vertical deflections
Vertical deflection can be checked for beam members.
Remaining total deflection (wmax) caused by the permanent and variable actions is automatically
checked based on the serviceability load combinations.
The default limit value is set to L/250.
The deflection due to the variable actions can be checked manually by adding load combination
consisting of variable actions and changing the limit value.
midas Gen Tutorial
Horizontal deflections
Horizontal deflection can be checked for column members.
Horizontal displacement over a story height Hi is automatically checked based on the serviceability
load combinations.
The default limit value is set to Hi/300.
Overall horizontal displacement over the building height H should be checked separately.
Dynamic effects
The vibration of structures is not checked.
midas Gen Tutorial
Part 2. Tutorial
Design of Multi-Story Steel Building
midas Gen Tutorial
Eurocode 3 Steel Design Methods
midas Gen provides the following two methods:
1. The program finds optimal sections for gravity loads (Design > Steel Optimal Design) and
also finds optimal sections for lateral loads (Design> Displacement Optimal Design). With
the combined use of the two, the user should find optimal sections.
2. The program checks strength and serviceability based on the sections defined by the user
and the design code selected by the user (Design > Steel Code Check). Also, the program
searches and proposes sections which satisfy the design conditions entered by the user.
Then the user can update the sections referring to the sections proposed by the program.
In this tutorial, method 2 is presented.
23
midas Gen Tutorial
Details of the example building

ROOF
4,000
5F
4,000
4F
4,000
3F
4,000
2F
5,000
1F
Figure 1. Elevation (unit: mm)
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
Figure 2. Structural Plan (2~Roof) (unit: mm)

24
midas Gen Tutorial

Applied Codes
Applied Wind Load: Eurocode 1 (2005)
Structural System
Bracing system
Applied Seismic Load: Eurocode 8 (2004)

Steel Design Code: Eurocode 3 (2005)
Applied Loads
Self Weight
Floor loads
Materials
Beam, Column and Brace: S275
Unit Load Cases

Load
For floor 2~5

Superimposed Dead Load: 3.7 kN/m2
Live Load: 4 kN/m2
For roof
Static
Load
Cases
Superimposed Dead Load: 5 kN/m2
Name
Details
Self Weight
Self Weight
SID
Superimposed Dead Load
Live Load
Live Load
Wind X-dir
Wind Load
(in the global X-direction)
Wind Y-dir
Wind Load
(in the global Y-direction)
RX
Seismic Load
(in the global X-direction)
RY
Seismic Load
(in the global Y-direction)
Live Load: 1.5kN/m2
Wind loads
Basic Wind Velocity: 26 m/s
Terrain Category: II
Response
Spectrum
Load
Cases
Seismic loads
Ground Type: B
25
midas Gen Tutorial
Applied Sections
These are the sections assumed before design updates.
Beam
Section ID
DB
Section Size
UNI
IPE 500
UNI
IPE 600
UNI
IPE 450
Section ID
DB
Section Size
UNI
HEB 240
UNI
HEB 300
Section ID
DB
Section Size
UNI
HEA 260
Column
Brace
26
midas Gen Tutorial
Step 1. Open the model file and perform analysis

1. Open EC3 design_start model.mgb
2. Analysis > Perform Analysis
Step 2. Steel Design Code

1. Design > Steel Design Parameter > Design Code
2. Design Code: Eurocode3:05
3. Click on OK button.
27
midas Gen Tutorial
Step 3: Generate Load Combinations (1)

4
1. Result > Combinations
2. Click on Steel Design Tab.
3. Click Auto Generation button.

4. Option: Add
5. Code Selection: Steel
6. Design Code: Eurocode3:05

7. Gamma G: 1.35, Gamma Q: 1.5
8. Click on OK button.
9. Click on Close button.
The program automatically creates design load combinations

which can be also modified or deleted by the user.
7
8
28
midas Gen Tutorial
Step 3: Generate Load Combinations (2)
3
9
29
midas Gen Tutorial
Step 4: Enter Unbraced Length

1. View > Select > Identity
2. Select Type: Section
3. Select 1: IPE 500 & IPE 600.
4. Click on Add button and Close button.

5. Design > General Design Parameter >Unbraced Length
6. Option: Add/Replace
7. Laterally Unbraced Length, Lb = 2.5
8. Click on Apply button and Close button.
2
3
30
midas Gen Tutorial
Step 5: Enter Equivalent Uniform Moment Factor (Cmy, Cmz)

1. View > Select > Select All
2. Design > General Design Parameter >Equivalent Uniform Moment Factor
4. Check on Calculate by Program
4
5
31
midas Gen Tutorial
Step 6: Enter Equivalent Moment Factor (CmLT)

2. Select Type: Element Type
3. Select BEAM.
5. Design > Steel Design Parameter > Equivalent Moment Factor

7. Check on Calculate by Program.

2
3
32
midas Gen Tutorial
Step 7: Assign/Confirm Serviceability Load Combination Type
1. Design > General Design Parameter > Serviceability Load Combination Type
33
midas Gen Tutorial
Step 8: Enter Serviceability Parameters

2. Select Type: Element Type
3. Select BEAM.

5. Design > Steel Design Parameter > Serviceability Parameters
7. Selection Type: By Selection
8. Deflection Control For Beams: L / 250
9. Deflection Control For Columns: h / 300

10. Deflection Amplification Factor: 1
10
11
If the elements local x-axis is parallel to the global Z-axis, the

element is considered as a column. If the elements local x-axis is
parallel to global X-Y plane, the element is considered as beam. All
other elements except for columns and beams are considered to be
braces.
34
midas Gen Tutorial
Step 9: Steel Code Checking (1)

1. Design > Steel Code Check
2. Click on
button.
3. Select SECT 5 & SECT 6.

4. Click on Graphic button.
Ultimate Limit State Check Results
Serviceability Limit State Check Results
COM: Critical ratio by axial force and bending moment (Yielding & Buckling)
Beam: Vertical deflection
SHR: Critical ratio by shear force (Yielding & Buckling)
Column: Horizontal deflection
2
4
35
midas Gen Tutorial

1
Step 10: Steel Code Checking (2)

Ultimate Limit State Check Result is NG.
Serviceability Limit State Check Result is OK.

36
midas Gen Tutorial
Step 11: Change the NG Sections (1)

1. Click on
button.
Change command will verify the strength for the user-selected section and save
the design results until re-analysis is performed.
2. Click on Change button.

3. Limit Combined Ratio from 0.8 to 1.
4. Click on Search Satisfied Section.
5. Select HEB340.
6. Click on Change button.
37
midas Gen Tutorial

Update command will allow the user to update the section and re-analyze.
1. Select Property No. 6.
2. Limit Combined Ratio from 0.8 to 1.
3. Click on Search Satisfied Section.
4. Select HEA280.
5. Click on Change & Close button.
38
midas Gen Tutorial

1. Select SECT 6.
2. Click on Graphic button.
Only the section for design review has been changed.

The section in the model has not been changed as seen
in the Works Tree.
39
midas Gen Tutorial

1

Ultimate Limit State Check Result is OK.
40
midas Gen Tutorial

Step 12: Update the Design Sections (1)
1.
Click on Update button.
2.
Click on Select All Changed Properties button.
3.
Click on <- button.
4.
Click on Yes button.
Properties Before Change represents the sections used in the analysis.

Properties After Change represents the sections used in the Design Change.
41
midas Gen Tutorial
Step 12: Update the Design Sections (2)
1. Re-analyze the model.

2. Re-do the steel code check.
1. Click on Re-analysis button.

2. Click on Re-check button.
Final design results

2
42
midas Gen Tutorial
Step 13: Change the Section with Low Ratio (1)

2
1. Click on View Result Ratio button.

2. Select ID: 2.
3. Ratio Limit: From 0, To 0.5
4. Click on Show Graph of Result Ratio
button.
5. Click on Select Elements button.
3
5
4
6
43
midas Gen Tutorial

Among the elements assigned with IPE600, the elements
1. Drag & Drop 1: IPE500 into the Model View.
whose combined resistance ratio is less than 0.5 are
2. Click on Yes button.
changed into a smaller section IPE500.
2
44
midas Gen Tutorial

1. Analysis > Perform Analysis
2. Design > Steel Code Check

3. Click on View Result Ratio button.
4. Select ID: 2.
5. Ratio Limit: From 0, To 1
6. Click on Show Graph of Result Ratio button.
Combined resistance ratios of Section ID. 2 are all above 0.5.
5
6
45

Steel Design EC3

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Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

Dec., 19, 2008

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

midas Gen Tutorial

Steel Design Features in midas Gen

Joint Connection design is not currently available.

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

midas Gen Tutorial

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

midas Gen Tutorial

Part 1. EC3 Design in Gen

Ultimate Limit State Check

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

midas Gen Tutorial

Modulus of Elasticity = 210,000 N/mm2

Thermal Coefficient = 12 x10-6 /oC

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

midas Gen Tutorial

Section table for the application of Ultimate Limit State Check

midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

but not less than

midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

For steel grades up to and including S460.

For higher steel grades

Non-rigid end post

Stiffener design to resist shear buckling is not provided in midas Gen.

Stiffener type for end supports is assumed as a non-rigid end post.

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

midas Gen Tutorial

Torsion is not considered when calculating .

midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

Class 1 and 2 cross sections

midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

for Class 1, 2, 3 & 4 sections

Bending, Shear and Axial Force

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

midas Gen Tutorial

Buckling resistance of members

Uniform members in compression

the buckling effects are ignored.

Torsional and torsional-flexural buckling is not checked.

Design buckling resistance

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

midas Gen Tutorial

Buckling resistance of members

the lateral torsional buckling effects are ignored.

Mcr is the elastic critical moment for lateral-torsional buckling.

Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building

midas Gen Tutorial

Buckling resistance of members