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Eng Math 501e - 2011 2012 Fall - Week1 - Applications

1) The document contains solutions to four differential equation problems: a separable equation, an exact equation, an equation solved using an integrating factor, and a linear equation. 2) The exact equation is transformed into standard form and then integrated using the method of exact differentials. 3) The integrating factor method is used to solve an initial value problem, multiplying the equation by the integrating factor of e-x. 4) The general solution to the linear equation is found to be y = (x + k)sinx.

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33 views2 pages

Eng Math 501e - 2011 2012 Fall - Week1 - Applications

1) The document contains solutions to four differential equation problems: a separable equation, an exact equation, an equation solved using an integrating factor, and a linear equation. 2) The exact equation is transformed into standard form and then integrated using the method of exact differentials. 3) The integrating factor method is used to solve an initial value problem, multiplying the equation by the integrating factor of e-x. 4) The general solution to the linear equation is found to be y = (x + k)sinx.

Uploaded by

abdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Application 1

Application 2

Reduction to seperable form

Exact differential equations

Find the general solution of the following


equation.

Solve the below equation.


2x

(2 x 4 y + 5) y '+ x 2 y + 3 = 0

y3

dy = 0

y4

Solution

Solution

v = x 2y y =

xv

y' =

dx +

(1 v ')

y 3x
2

2x

(2 x 4 y + 5) y '+ x 2 y + 3 = 0
Write down,

y 2 3x2

dx +

dy = 0

into the equation.

P(x,y) Q(x,y)

1
(2v + 5). (1 v ') + v + 3 = 0
2
(2v + 5).(1 v ') + 2v + 6 = 0

= 2 x.( 3).( y ) =

y
P

2v + 5 v '.(2v + 5) + 2v + 6 = 0
4v + 11 = v '(2v + 5)

u=

4v + 11 dv 4v + 11

=
2v + 5
dx 2v + 5
2v + 5
dx =
dv
4v + 11
Let's multiply each side by 2,

v' =

6 x
4

Q
x

6 xy
y

6 x

(Exact dif.)

x
u

x dx + y dy

We remember from calculus that if a function u ( x , y )


has continuous partial derivatives, its differential is

du =

dx +

dy

From this it follows that if u ( x , y ) = c = constant then du = 0.

4v + 10
2dx =
dv
4v + 11
4v + 11 1
2dx =
dv
4v + 11
1
2dx = dv
dv
4v + 11
1
2dx = dv 4v + 11 dv
1
2 x + c = v In 4v + 11
4
Re place it as, v = x 2 y

u
x
u
x
u
x

dx +
=

u
y

2x
y

dy = 0 (Like our dif. equ. in the question)


u

y 3x
2

= P ( x, y )

u = P ( x, y )x du = P( x, y )dx
u ( x, y ) =
u

1
2 x + c = x 2 y In 4( x 2 y ) + 11
4
8 x + c = 4 x 8 y In 4 x 8 y + 11

2x

dx =

+ R( y )

= x .( 3). y + R '( y ) =

3 x
y

R '( y ) =

u ( x, y ) =

1
y

+c

y 3x
y

1
y

c = 4 x + 8 y + In 4 x 8 y + 11

+ R '( y ) =

R( y) =

1
y

+c

Application 3

Application 4

Integrating factors

Linear differential equations

Solve the following initial value problem.

Find the general solution of the following


equation.

(2 x.e x y 2 )dx + 2 ydy = 0

y ' = y.cot x + sin x

y (0) = 2

Solution

Solution

y ' = y.cot x + sin x y ' y.cot x = sin x


y '+ P( x ). y = Q ( x)
dy
dy
y.cot x = 0
= y.cot x
dx
dx
dy

= cot xdx
y
dy

= cot xdx
y
dy
cos x
y = sin x dx t = sin x
dt = cos xdx
dt
t = In t = In sin x
In y = In sin x + In c y = c.sin x

The equation must be multiplied by F = e x

y2
2y
2 x e x dx + e x dy = 0

P ( x, y )
P
y
u
x

2 y
e

= 2x

y ' = c '.sin x + c.cos x

Q(x,y)
=

ex

e
u

2 y

u ( x, y ) = 2 x

y ' = y.cot x + sin x = c.sin x.

( Exact dif.)

y ' = c.cos x + sin x


y ' = c.cos x + sin x = c '.sin x + c.cos x c ' = 1
dc
= 1 dc = dx c = x + k
dx
y = ( x + k ).sin x

2y
ex

y2

2
dx = x +

y2

+ R( y)
ex
ex
u 2 y
2y
= x + R '( y ) = x R '( y ) = 0
y e
e

R ( y ) = c*
u ( x, y ) = x +
2

x = 0 and y =
x +
2

+c

=c
*

2 2+c = c c c

cos x
+ sin x
sin x

=2

=2

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