Lathe Machine: Assignment No. 1

Assignment No.
LATHE MACHINE
INTRODUCTION:
The main use of lathe machine is to produce cylindrical jobs
by turning.
In addition to above lathe machine is also use for doing other
operations like drilling, reaming, taper turning, boring,
knurling & thread cutting etc.
TYPES OF LATHE:
According to construction & their design lathes are classified as:
Speed lathe
Engine or centre lathe
Bench lathe
Tool room lathe
Capstan & turret lathe
Special purpose lathe
Automatic lathe
Engine or Centre Lathe:

It is an important machine of machine shop.
It has bed, headstock, tailstock & carriage.
Multiple speeds are possible to the spindle because of
driving mechanism.
Cross, longitudinal or inclined feed is possible with reference
to the axis of work-piece.
SIZE OF LATHE:
The
The
The
The
The
Length of bed.
Height of centre over the bed.
Distance between the centres i.e. Live & Dead centre.
swing diameter over the bed.
swing diameter over the carriage.
PARTS OF LATHE:
Bed
Head stock
Tail stock
Carriage
Feed mechanism
Screw cutting mechanism.
1) Bed:
It is made up of closed grey cast iron.
It gives support to all parts of lathe machine.
V & Flat these are the types of bed.
2) Head stock:
It is mounted on left hand side of bed.
It has a driving mechanism.
It gives support to the spindle.
Belt drive & Gear drive these are the types of head
stock.
3) Tailstock:
It gives support to the other end of the work piece.
It is used for holding drills, reamer & taps.
It is also use for taper turning.
4) Carriage:
It is used for giving longitudinal & cross feed to the
cutting tool.
It consists following parts.
a) Saddle
b) Cross-slide
c) Compound slide or rest
d) Tool-post
e) Apron.
LATHE OPERATIONS:
Following lathe operations are carried out on lathe machine.

a) Facing,
b) Plain turning / shoulder turning
c) Chamfering
d) Taper turning
e) Thread cutting
f) Grooving
g) Knurling
h) Drilling
i) Reaming
j) Boring etc.
a) Facing:
It is process of reducing length of
work piece.
It produce flat surface on the
work piece perpendicular to the
lathe axis.
b) Plain turning / shoulder turning
It produces cylindrical surface
to the work piece.
By doing turning diameter of
work piece reduces.
Rough & finish turning these
are the types of turning.
By doing shoulder turning we
can produce different steps on
work piece.
c) Chamfering:
Chamfering is the operation of

producing bevel shaped at the
end of the work piece.
It removes burrs & protecting
the end from getting damaged.
d) Taper turning:
It is process of producing conical
surface of uniform increase or
decrease in the diameter.
It can be performed by different
methods
a) Taper turning by form tool
b) Taper turning by swiveling
compound slide
c) Taper turning by tailstock off set
method
d) Taper turning by taper turning attachment
Taper turning by swiveling
compound slide:
In this method, tool is fed at an
angle to the axis of rotation of the
work piece.
It is useful for short taper length.
External & internal tapers can be turned.
Better surface finish can be obtained by this method.
Taper may be specified by half angle .
tan =
Where,
Dd
L
D= Big diameter of taper in mm.
d=Small diameter of taper in mm.

L=Length of taper in mm.
=Half taper ang
e) Thread cutting:
It is process of
producing
helical conical
grooves on
cylindrical job.
It possible in
relation
between the
rotation of work & the lead screw.
USES OF THREADS:
To transmit power.
As fastener.
To control movement as in a
micrometer.
f)
Grooving:
It is process of reducing
diameter in between two
diameters.
Square, Round & Beveled
these are the three types of
grooving
g)
Knurling:
Knurling is the operation of

embossing a diamond shape on
work piece.
It is used for better gripping.
Cross & straight these are the
types of knurling
Course, Fine, & Medium these
three types of knurling tools are
available in the market.
h)
Drilling:
It is the operation of producing

hole on the work piece.
Work piece is held in chuck &
Drill is fitted in tailstock spindle.
i) Reaming:
Reaming is the operation of
finishing & sizing a hole which
has been previously drilled.
Multipoint cutting tool called as
reamer is used for this
operation.
The reamer is held in tailstock
spindle.
j) Boring :
Boring is the operation of
enlarging hole which was
produced by drilling.
Boring cannot originate hole
Boring tool is used for boring
operation.

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Assignment No.

Engine or Centre Lathe:

Following lathe operations are carried out on lathe machine.

Chamfering is the operation of

D= Big diameter of taper in mm.

d=Small diameter of taper in mm.

Knurling is the operation of

It is the operation of producing

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