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Homogenous Coordinates

The document discusses using matrices to represent transformations in 2D and 3D spaces. It explains that a 3x3 matrix can be used to represent translations, rotations, and scaling in a single matrix, as opposed to separate 2x2 matrices. By using homogeneous coordinates (xh, yh, h) where x=xh/h and y=yh/h, any transformation can be represented as a single matrix multiplication P' = M*P.

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shubham
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37 views2 pages

Homogenous Coordinates

The document discusses using matrices to represent transformations in 2D and 3D spaces. It explains that a 3x3 matrix can be used to represent translations, rotations, and scaling in a single matrix, as opposed to separate 2x2 matrices. By using homogeneous coordinates (xh, yh, h) where x=xh/h and y=yh/h, any transformation can be represented as a single matrix multiplication P' = M*P.

Uploaded by

shubham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATRIX REPRESENTATIONS AND HOMOGENOUS COORDINATES:

We can effectively condense the above basic matrix transformations in simple eqatn such as:
P = M.P + M2;
M : Matrix for multiplication and scaling
M2 : Matrix for translation
-

For only translation using above equation we have to assign the M matrix as an identity matrix..

For only rotation using above equation we have to assign the matrix M2 as null matrix..

Thus from above conditions we can incur that for carrying out sequence of transformations we
have to assign different values and the equations change every time..

Thus in order to condense the above equation and simplify the above calculation we can use the
3 by 3matrix instead of the traditional 2 by 2 matrix..

This allows to express all the transformations in a single matrix..


To represent the (x,y) Cartesian coordinates in 3 by 3 matrix we use a homogenous coordinates h i.e
(xh,yh,h)
Here ,
X=

Y=

We can input any nonzero value of h ..Here in 2-D transformations we consider h=1..
But in certain 3-D transformations this h can take values other than 1..
Homogenous coordinates are the ones which can be factored out of the equation ..this is the
definition in mathematics ..
Using above 3by3 matrix for translation,
1

= [ 0
0
1
Rotation :

0
1 ]*[ ] ;
1
0 1


() () 0

= [ () () 0 ]*[ ] ;
1
1
0
0
1
Scaling :

= [ 0
0
1

0
0 ]*[ ] ;
1
1

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