Questions

Question 1
Evaluate the polynomial p=3s^2+2s+1 at s=5;
Code:
>>p=[3 2 1];
polyval(p,5);
Result:86

(a)TRANSFER FUNCTION IN POLYNOMIAL FORM

-----------------------------------Ques 2
G(s)=[2s^3+5s^2+3s+6]/[s^3+6s^2+11s+6]
Code:
>>num=[2 5 3 6];
den=[1 6 11 6];
sys=tf(num,den)
sys =
2 s^3 + 5 s^2 + 3 s + 6
----------------------s^3 + 6 s^2 + 11 s + 6

(b)TRANSFER FUNCTION IN PARTIAL FRACTION/RESIDUE FORM

-----------------------------------Ques 3(a):
G(s)=[2s^3+5s^2+3s+6]/[s^3+6s^2+11s+6] into partial fraction
Code:
>>num=[2 5 3 6];
den=[1 6 11 6];
[r,p,k]=residue(num,den)

Result
r =
-6.0000
-4.0000
3.0000

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p =
-3.0000
-2.0000
-1.0000

k =
2

Question 3(b)
G(s)=[s^2+2s+3]/[s^3+3s^2+3s+1] into partial fraction
Code:
>>num=[1 2 3];
den=[1 3 3 1];
sys=tf(num,den)
[r,p,k]=residue(num,den)

Result
sys =
s^2 + 2 s + 3
--------------------s^3 + 3 s^2 + 3 s + 1
Continuous-time transfer function.

r =
1.0000
-0.0000
2.0000

p =
-1.0000
-1.0000
-1.0000

k =
[]

Question 3(c) G(s)=[s^5+8s^4+23s^3+35s^2+28s+3]/[s^3+6s^2+8s]

into partial fraction
Code:
>>num2=[1,8,23,35,28,3];
den2=[1,6,8,0];
sys2=tf(num2,den2)

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[r,p,k]=residue(num2,den2)

Result
sys2 =
s^5 + 8 s^4 + 23 s^3 + 35 s^2 + 28 s + 3
---------------------------------------s^3 + 6 s^2 + 8 s
Continuous-time transfer function.

r =
0.3750
0.2500
0.3750

p =
-4
-2
0

k =
1

Question 3(d)
F(s)=(7s^2+9s+12)/[s(s+7)(s^2+10s+100)] Compute its partial fraction
form
Code:
>>num3=[7 9 12];
den3=conv([1,0],[conv([1,7],[1,10,100])])
sys=tf(num3,den3)
[r,p,k]=residue(num3,den3)

Result:
sys =
7 s^2 + 9 s + 12
-----------------------------s^4 + 17 s^3 + 170 s^2 + 700 s
Continuous-time transfer function.

r =
0.2554 - 0.3382i
0.2554 + 0.3382i

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-0.5280 + 0.0000i
0.0171 + 0.0000i

p =
-5.0000
-5.0000
-7.0000
0.0000

+
+
+

8.6603i
8.6603i
0.0000i
0.0000i

k =
[]

(c)TRANSFER FUNCTION IN POLE-ZERO FORM

-----------------------------------Question 4
G(s)=[4s^2+16s+12]/[s^4+12s^3+44s^2+48s]
Code:
>>num4=[4,16,12];
den4=[1 12 44 48 0];
sys=tf(num4,den4)
[z,p,k]=tf2zp(num4,den4)

Result
sys =
4 s^2 + 16 s + 12
---------------------------s^4 + 12 s^3 + 44 s^2 + 48 s
Continuous-time transfer function.

z =
-3
-1

p =
0
-6.0000
-4.0000
-2.0000

k =

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Question 5: Obtain the transfer function for the following cases

-----------------------------------------------------------(a)There is no zero. poles are at -1+2j and -1-2j. K=10
Code:
>>z=[];
p=[(-1+2i),(-1-2i)];
k=10;
[num6,den6]=zp2tf(z,p,k)
sys6=tf(num6,den6)

Result
num6 =
0

10

den6 =
1

sys6 =
10
------------s^2 + 2 s + 5

(b) A zero at 0. poles are at -1+2j and -1-2j. K=10

Code:
>>z=[0];
p=[(-1+2i),(-1-2i)];
k=10;
[num7,den7]=zp2tf(z,p,k)
Cs=tf(num7,den7)

Result:
num7 =
0

10

den7 =
1

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Cs =
10 s
------------s^2 + 2 s + 5

c) A zero at -1, poles are at -2,-4 and -8 and k=12

Code:
>>z=[-1];
p=[-2,-4,-8];
k=12;
[num8,den8]=zp2tf(z,p,k)
cs=tf(num8,den8)

Result
num8 =
0

12

12

14

56

64

den8 =
1

cs =
12 s + 12
-----------------------s^3 + 14 s^2 + 56 s + 64

Question 6
Solve the differential equations DE x''+2k'+10x=t^2. x(0)=0;x'(0)=0.
Code
X(s)=2/((s^3)*(s^2+2s+10))
>>num9=[2];
den9=[1 2 10 0 0 0];
Xs=tf(num9,den9)

Result
Xs =
2
-------------------s^5 + 2 s^4 + 10 s^3

Question 7
(a) F(s)=2/[(s+1)(s+2)] Find f(t)
6 | Page

Code
>>F=zpk([],[-1,-2],2)
numf=2;
denf=poly([-1,-2])
[r,p,k]=residue(numf,denf)

Result:
F =
2
----------(s+1) (s+2)
Continuous-time zero/pole/gain model.

denf =
1

r =
-2
2

p =
-2
-1

k =
[]
>>syms s
f=ilaplace(2/((s+1)*(s+2)))
f =
2*exp(-t) - 2*exp(-2*t)
>>pretty(f)
2 exp(-t) - exp(-2 t) 2

(b) F(s)=2/[(s+1)(s+2)^2] Find f(t)

Code:
>>F=zpk([],[-1,-2,-2],2)
numf=2;
denf=poly([-1,-2,-2])
F=tf(numf,denf)

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[r,p,k]=residue(numf,denf)

Result
F =
2
------------(s+1) (s+2)^2
Continuous-time zero/pole/gain model.

denf =
1

F =
2
--------------------s^3 + 5 s^2 + 8 s + 4
Continuous-time transfer function.

r =
-2.0000
-2.0000
2.0000

p =
-2.0000
-2.0000
-1.0000

k =
[]
>>syms s
f=ilaplace(2/((s+1)*((s+2)^2)))
f =
2*exp(-t) - 2*exp(-2*t) - 2*t*exp(-2*t)
>>pretty(f)
2 exp(-t) - exp(-2 t) 2 - t exp(-2 t) 2

8 | Page

(c) F(s)=3/[s(s^2+2s+5)] Find f(t)

Code:
>>numf=3;
denf=[1,2,5,0];
[z,p,k]=residue(numf,denf)
F=tf(numf,denf)
syms s
f=ilaplace(3/(s*(s^2+2s+5)))

Result
z =
-0.3000 + 0.1500i
-0.3000 - 0.1500i
0.6000 + 0.0000i

p =
-1.0000 + 2.0000i
-1.0000 - 2.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i

k =
[]

F =
3
----------------s^3 + 2 s^2 + 5 s
Continuous-time transfer function.
>>syms s
f=ilaplace(3/((s)*(s^2+2*s+5)))
f =
3/5 - (3*exp(-t)*(cos(2*t) + sin(2*t)/2))/5
>>pretty(f)

/
sin(2 t) \
exp(-t) | cos(2 t) + -------- | 3
3
\
2
/
- - --------------------------------5
5

9 | Page

Question 8
Find the laplace transform of f(t)=texp(-5t)
Code:
syms t
F=laplace(t*exp(-5*t))

Result:
F =
1/(s + 5)^2

Question 9:Find the inverse laplace transform of F(s)=10/[s(s+2)(s+3)^2]

Code:
>>numf=10;
denf=poly([0,-2,-3,-3])
F=tf(numf,denf)
[z,p,k]=residue(numf,denf)

Result
denf =
1

21

18

F =
10
--------------------------s^4 + 8 s^3 + 21 s^2 + 18 s
Continuous-time transfer function.

z =
4.4444
3.3333
-5.0000
0.5556

p =
-3.0000
-3.0000
-2.0000
0

k =
[]

10 | P a g e

>>syms s
f=ilaplace(10/((s)*(s+2)*((s+3)^2)))
f =
(40*exp(-3*t))/9 - 5*exp(-2*t) + (10*t*exp(-3*t))/3 + 5/9
>>pretty(f)
exp(-3 t) 40
t exp(-3 t) 10
5
------------ - exp(-2 t) 5 + -------------- + 9
3
9

Question10 Find the response c(t) of a system whose transfer function is 1/

(s*(s+2))when a unit step is applied assuming zero initial conditions
For unit step R(s)=1/s
therefore C(s)/R(s)=TF
C(s)=R(s)*TF
C=1/((s^2)*(s+2))

Code:
>>numf=1;
denf=[1,2,0,0];
[z,p,k]=residue(numf,denf)
numf=1;
denf=[1,2,0,0];
[z,p,k]=residue(numf,denf)

Result:
z =
0.2500
-0.2500
0.5000

p =
-2
0
0

k =
[]
>>syms s
c=ilaplace(C)
C =

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1/(s^2*(s + 2))

c =
t/2 + exp(-2*t)/4 - 1/4
>>pretty(c)
t
exp(-2 t)
1
- + --------- - 2
4
4

Question 11
Find the unit ramp response c(t) whose transfer function is s/(s+4)(s+8)
assuming zero initial conditions.
Given
r(t)=t;
>>syms t
R=laplace(t)
R =
1/s^2
C(s)/R(s)=s/(s+4)*(s+8)
C(s)=R(s)*TF
C=1/(s*(s+4)*(s+8))

Code:

>>numf=1;
denf=poly([0,-4,-8])
[z,p,k]=residue(numf,denf)
denf =
1

12

z =
0.0313
-0.0625
0.0313

p =
-8
-4
0

12 | P a g e

32

k =
[]
>> syms s
c=ilaplace(C)
C =
1/(s*(s + 4)*(s + 8))

c =
exp(-8*t)/32 - exp(-4*t)/16 + 1/32
>>pretty(c)
exp(-8 t)
exp(-4 t)
1
--------- - --------- + -32
16
32

Question 12
Find the laplace of sin(3t+45)
Code:
>>syms t
C=laplace(sin(3*t+45))
C =
(3*cos(45) + s*sin(45))/(s^2 + 9)

>>pretty(C)
3 cos(45) + s sin(45)
--------------------2
s + 9
>>simplify(C)
ans =
(3*cos(45) + s*sin(45))/(s^2 + 9)

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