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Prac 2 Asol

This document provides solutions to problems from the 18.02 Multivariable Calculus practice exam 2. Problem 1 involves finding a gradient and approximating a change in w. Problem 2 involves finding slopes and the northernmost point on a curve. Problem 3 finds a normal vector and tangent plane. Problem 4 involves maximizing a volume function. Problem 5 uses Lagrange multipliers to find an extreme value subject to a constraint. Problems 6 and 7 use implicit differentiation and the chain rule.

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73 views2 pages

Prac 2 Asol

This document provides solutions to problems from the 18.02 Multivariable Calculus practice exam 2. Problem 1 involves finding a gradient and approximating a change in w. Problem 2 involves finding slopes and the northernmost point on a curve. Problem 3 finds a normal vector and tangent plane. Problem 4 involves maximizing a volume function. Problem 5 uses Lagrange multipliers to find an extreme value subject to a constraint. Problems 6 and 7 use implicit differentiation and the chain rule.

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chessgeneral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MIT OpenCourseWare

http://ocw.mit.edu

18.02 Multivariable Calculus


Fall 2007

For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.

18.02 Practice Exam 2 A Solutions


Problem 1.
a) f = (y 4x3 ) + x; at P , f = h3, 1i.
b) w 3 x + y.
Problem 2.
dh
h

.2.
a) By measuring, h = 100 for s 500, so
ds u
s
b) Q is the northernmost point on the curve h = 2200; the vertical distance between consecutive
h
h
100

.3.
level curves is about 1/3 of the given length unit, so
y
y
1000/3

Problem 3.
f (x, y, z) = x3 y + z 2 = 3 : the normal vector is f = h3x2 y, x3 , 2zi = h3, 1, 4i. The tangent
plane is 3x y + 4z = 4.
Problem 4.
a) The volume is xyz = xy(1x2 y 2 ) = xy x3 y xy 3 . Critical points: fx = y 3x2 y y 3 = 0,
fy = x x3 3xy 2 = 0.
b) Assuming x > 0 and y > 0, the equations can be rewritten as 13x2 y 2 = 0, 1x2 3y 2 = 0.
Solution: x2 = y 2 = 1/4, i.e. (x, y) = (1/2, 1/2).
2 > 0,
c) fxx = 6xy = 3/2, fyy = 6xy = 3/2, fxy = 1 3x2 3y 2 = 1/2. So fxx fyy fxy
and fxx < 0, it is a local maximum.

d) The maximum of f lies either at (1/2, 1/2), or on the boundary of the domain or at innity.
Since f (x, y) = xy(1 x2 y 2 ), f = 0 when either x 0 or y 0, and f when x or
y (since x2 + y 2 ). So the maximum is at (x, y) = ( 21 , 12 ), where f ( 12 , 12 ) = 18 .
Problem 5.
a) f (x, y, z) = xyz, g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z = 1 : one must solve the Lagrange multiplier
equation f = g, i.e. yz = 2x, xz = 2y, xy = , and the constraint equation x2 + y 2 + z = 1.
b) Dividing the rst two equations yz = 2x and xz = 2y by each other, we get y/x = x/y,
so x2 = y 2 ; since x > 0 and y > 0 we get y = x. Substituting this into the Lagrange multiplier
equations, we get z = 2 and x2 = . Hence z = 2x2 , and the constraint equation becomes 4x2 = 1,
so x = 21 , y = 21 , z = 21 .
Problem 6.
w
1
= fu ux + fv vx = y fu + fv .
x
y

w
x
= fu uy + fv vy = x fu 2 fv .
y
y

Problem 7.
Using the chain rule:

w
z

w
x

x
z

= 3x2 y

x
z

. To nd

relation x2 y + xz 2 = 5 w.r.t. z holding y constant: (2xy + z 2 )


2xz
. Therefore
2xy + z 2

w
z

=
y

x
z

x
z

, dierentiate the

+ 2xz = 0, so

6x3 yz
. At (x, y, z) = (1, 1, 2) this is equal to 2.
2xy + z 2

x
z

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