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Operating System Overview

The document provides an overview of operating systems with 3 key points: 1) An operating system controls application program execution, acts as an interface between hardware and software, and provides various services like resource management and error handling. 2) Operating systems aim for convenience, efficiency, and ability to evolve by allowing new functions without disrupting existing services. 3) A process is a program in execution that has a sequential thread, current state, and associated system resources. The kernel contains core OS functions that reside in memory.

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58 views21 pages

Operating System Overview

The document provides an overview of operating systems with 3 key points: 1) An operating system controls application program execution, acts as an interface between hardware and software, and provides various services like resource management and error handling. 2) Operating systems aim for convenience, efficiency, and ability to evolve by allowing new functions without disrupting existing services. 3) A process is a program in execution that has a sequential thread, current state, and associated system resources. The kernel contains core OS functions that reside in memory.

Uploaded by

phookandevraj
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operating System Overview

Chapter 2

1
Operating System
• A program that controls the execution of
application programs
• An interface between applications and
hardware

2
Operating System Objectives
• Convenience
– Makes the computer more convenient to use
• Efficiency
– Allows computer system resources to be
used in an efficient manner
• Ability to evolve
– Permit effective development, testing, and
introduction of new system functions
without interfering with service
3
Layers of Computer System

4
Services Provided by the
Operating System
• Program development
– Editors and debuggers
• Program execution
• Access to I/O devices
• Controlled access to files
• System access

5
Services Provided by the
Operating System
• Error detection and response
– Internal and external hardware errors
• Memory error
• Device failure
– Software errors
• Arithmetic overflow
– Operating system cannot grant request of
application

6
Services Provided by the
Operating System
• Accounting
– Collect usage statistics
– Monitor performance
– Used to anticipate future enhancements

7
Operating System
• Responsible for managing resources
• Functions same way as ordinary
computer software
– It is program that is executed
• Operating system relinquishes control of
the processor

8
9
Kernel
• Portion of operating system that is in
main memory
• Contains most frequently used functions
• Also called the nucleus

10
Evolution of an Operating
System
• Hardware upgrades plus new types of
hardware
• New services
• Fixes

11
Evolution of Operating
Systems
• Serial Processing
– No operating system
– Machines run from a console with display
lights, toggle switches, input device, and
printer
– Schedule time
– Setup included loading the compiler, source
program, saving compiled program, and
loading and linking

12
Evolution of Operating
Systems
• Simple Batch Systems
– Monitors
• Software that controls the sequence of events
• Batch jobs together
• Program branches back to monitor when
finished

13
Uniprogramming
• Processor must wait for I/O instruction to
complete before preceding

14
Multiprogramming
• When one job needs to wait for I/O, the
processor can switch to the other job

15
Multiprogramming

16
Utilization Histograms

17
Time Sharing
• Using multiprogramming to handle
multiple interactive jobs
• Processor’s time is shared among
multiple users
• Multiple users simultaneously access the
system through terminals

18
Processes
• A program in execution
• An instance of a program running on a
computer
• The entity that can be assigned to and
executed on a processor
• A unit of activity characterized by a
single sequential thread of execution, a
current state, and an associated set of
system resources
19
Process
• Consists of three components
– An executable program
– Associated data needed by the program
– Execution context of the program
• All information the operating system needs to
manage the process

20
Information Protection and
Security
• Data integrity
– Protection of data from unauthorized
modification
• Authenticity
– Concerned with the proper verification of
the identity of users and the validity of
messages or data

21

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